Sensor networks
Network of Smart Sensors
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What makes a Base Sensor different than a
Smart Sensor?
A base Sensor system
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What makes a Base Sensor different than a
Smart Sensor?
A Process Control system with a base sensor
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What makes a Base Sensor different than a
Smart Sensor?
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So, What is a smart sensor?
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Smart sensors with multi-sensing capability
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What is a Sensor Network?
A sensor network comprises a group of
small, powered devices, and a wireless
or wired networked infrastructure.
The sensor network connects to the
internet or computer networks to
transfer data for analysis and use.
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Sensor Networks
in Smart City
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Sensor network in a
cement Industry
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Wired vs. Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use
Wired sensor networks use Ethernet technologies such as Bluetooth, cellular,
cables to connect sensors. wifi or near field communication (NFC)
to connect sensors.
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Operation of a Sensor Network
Sensor networks
typically include sensor
nodes, actuator nodes,
gateways, and clients.
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How sensor networks operate?
A sensor node monitors the data collected by the sensor and transmits this to
other sensor nodes.
During the transmission process, data may be handled by multiple nodes
as it reaches a gateway node.
The data is then transferred to the management node.
The management node is managed by the user and determines the
monitoring required and collects the monitored data
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Network Topologies
Star Mesh Hybrid
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Sensor Network Architecture
Layered
Clustered
Network
Architecture
Architecture
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Layered Network Architecture:
• Layered Network Architecture makes use of a few hundred sensor
nodes and a single powerful base station.
Cross layers
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The advantage of using Layered Network
Architecture
Low power
Each node
transmissions to
participates only in
nodes of the
short-distance
neighboring nodes
Scalable and has a
higher fault
tolerance
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Clustered Network Architecture:
• In Clustered Network Architecture, Sensor Nodes autonomously clubs
into groups called clusters.
• It is based on the Leach Protocol which makes use of clusters.
• Leach Protocol stands for Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy.
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Properties of Leach Protocol:
• It is a 2-tier hierarchy clustering architecture.
• It is a distributed algorithm for organizing the sensor nodes into
groups called clusters.
• The cluster head nodes in each of the autonomously formed clusters
create the Time-division multiple access (TDMA) schedules.
• It makes use of the concept called Data Fusion which makes it energy
efficient.
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Clustered Network Architecture:
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an infrastructure-less wireless network
WSN that is deployed in a large number of wireless sensors in an ad-hoc manner
that is used to monitor the system, physical or environmental conditions.
Sensor nodes are used in WSN with the onboard processor that manages
and monitors the environment in a particular area.
They are connected to the Base Station which acts as a processing unit in
the WSN System.
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WSN
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Applications of WSN:
Internet of Things (IOT)
Surveillance and Monitoring for security, threat detection
Environmental temperature, humidity, and air pressure
Noise Level of the surrounding
Medical applications like patient monitoring
Agriculture
Landslide Detection
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Challenges of WSN:
Quality of Energy Network
Security Issue
Service Efficiency Throughput
Ability to cope Scalability to
Cross layer
Performance with node large scale of
optimisation
failure deployment
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Components of WSN:
Sensors
• Sensors in WSN are used to capture the environmental variables and
which is used for data acquisition.
Radio Nodes
• It is used to receive the data produced by the Sensors and sends it to
the WLAN access point.
• It consists of a microcontroller, transceiver, external memory, and
power source.
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Components of WSN:
WLAN Access Point:
• It receives the data which is sent by the Radio nodes wirelessly,
generally through the internet.
Evaluation Software
• The data received by the WLAN Access Point is processed by a
software called as Evaluation Software for presenting the report to
the users for further processing of the data which can be used for
processing, analysis, storage, and mining of the data.
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