ASVAB Math

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1. What are whole num- all positive integers including zero.

bers? Examples - 0,1,2,3

2. What are integers? all positive and negative numbers including zero.
Examples - 0, 1,2,3,
-1,-2,-3

3. What is a rational num- any number that can be written as a fraction with integer numerator and
ber? denominator.
Example - 2/5, 0, 1, 4/3

4. What are irrational any number that is not a rational number and that cannot be written as a
numbers? fraction or as a non repeating decimal.
Examples - Pi, 3.145,

5. What are real num- set of all rational and irrational numbers.
bers? Examples- -7, -1/3, 0, 1, 3/4

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6. What are Arithmetic include finding the sum (adding), finding the difference (subtracting),
operations? finding the product (multiplying), and finding the quotient (dividing).

7. What are fractions? are composed of a numerator (top number) and a denominator (bottom
number)

8. What are proper frac- numerator smaller than the denominator. Examples- 1/2 and 7/8
tions?

9. What are improper numerator equal to or greater than the denominator. Examples- 6/3 and
fractions? 2/2

10. What are mixed frac- combination of whole and fractional numbers. Examples- 1 1/4 and 3 3/5
tions?

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11. What is equivalent Fac- when two fractions identify the same quantity and simplify equally. Exam-
tions? ples - 1/2 and 2/4

12. How to simplify a frac- by determining what number will divide evenly into both the numerator
tion? and the denominator. Example, with the fraction 4/8 four divides evenly
into both 4 and 8 giving 4/8 ÷ 4/4 = 1/2.

13. How do you convert an divide the numerator by the denominator to get a quotient of one and
improper fraction to a then write the remainder over the original denominator. Example, 15/7 =
mixed fraction? 2 remainder 1 which is 2 1/7.

14. When adding and sub- you need to find the least common denominator by finding a number that
tracting fractions the both denominators will divide into evenly.
denominator must be
the same for both
numbers. If you have
different denomina-
tors what do you do?

15. How do you multiply- simply multiply the two numerators together to get the numerator of the
ing and dividing frac- answer and multiply the two denominators to get the denominator of the
tions? answer.
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16. Formula for simple in- Interest = principal x (interest x rate)

terest is what?

17. Formula for com- calculate simple interest for each year making sure to use the new principal
pound interest is + accumulated interest for each year's new interest calculation.
what?

18. What are Composite can be expressed as the product of two or more whole number factors
numbers? excluding the number itself and one.
Example-

19. What are prime num- an be expressed as the product of only two factors, the number itself and
bers? one.
Example-

20.

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What is the greatest of two numbers, it is the largest number that can divide equally into both
common factor? numbers.

Example, the factors of 18 are {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} and the factors of 15 are
{1, 3, 5} so the greatest common factor of 18 and 15 is 3.

21. What is multiples of the set of numbers formed by multiplying a number by other numbers.
numbers? Example, the first five multiples of 3 are {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}.

22. What is the least com- of two numbers is the smallest number that both numbers factor into
mon multiple? evenly.

Example- The first five multiples of of 4 are {4, 8, 12, 16, 20} making the
least common multiple of 3 and 4 equal to 12.

23. What is a fractional? Denoted by a number followed by an exclamation point. Also is the product
of all whole numbers from 1 through that number.
Example- 4! is 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24.

24. How do exponents A number in superscript next to a base (for example, 23). They represent
work? the number of times (3) that the base (2) will be multiplied by itself. Another
way of expressing a number with an exponent of two is squared and with
an exponent of three, cubed so 23 is two cubed and 42 is four squared.

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25. What is the inverse of The root which is indicated by a radical sign . A root consists of a radicand
an exponent? which is the number for which you're finding the root and an index indi-
cating which root you're finding.
Example- in 38 the number 8 is the radicand and the number 3 is the root.

26. P.E.M.D.A.S. stands for Operations inside parentheses and brackets

what? Exponents and roots
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

27. In algebra constants Numbers

are called what?

28. In algebra variables letters that represent unknown numbers

are called what?

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29. In algebra coefficients be a constantly multiplied by a variable

are known to do what?

30. What is a polynomial? a term in algebra that uses one or more variable.

31. What is the Distribu- when you have an equation that contains both multiplication and addition
tive property? you can distribute the multipliers.
Example, (2+4)(3+5) = 2(3+5) + 4(3+5).

32. What is the Commuta- you can add or multiply numbers in any order.
tive property? Example, 2 x 4 x 7 = 7 x 2 x 4.

33. What is the Associative when adding or multiplying you can group numbers in any order.
property? Example, (3+5) + 7 = 3 + (5+7)

34. What is the Property of if two numbers are equal you can add or multiply those numbers by the
inequality? same value to get the same result.
Example, if 4 = 2y then 4(7) = 2y(7).

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35. What is the Additive a number or variable added to zero equals that number or variable.
identity? Example, 7y + 0 = 7y.

36. What is the Multiplica- a number or variable multiplied by one equals that number or variable.
tive identity? Example, 7y x 1 = 7y.

37. What is the Additive in- a number or variable added to its inverse equals zero. E
verse? Example, 7y + (-7y) = 0.

38. What is the Multiplica- a number or variable multiplied by its reciprocal equals one.
tive inverse? Example, (7y)(1/7y) = 1.

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39. When solving equa- Make sure to reverse the direction of the inequality when you multiply or
tions with inequalities divide by both sides of the inequality.
when do you switch <, >, d
, and e
the signs around?

40. In Geometry what is a is a connection of points that go in a straight path in only two directions.
line?

41. In Geometry what is a is a line that has one defined endpoint but other end goes infinitely in a
ray? straight path

42. In Geometry what is are equidistant lines that never cross

are Parallel lines?

43. In Geometry what are lines that intersect at a right angle (90°).
is are perpendicular
lines?

44. In Geometry what Line- 180

some common angles Circle- 360
and their degrees? Right-90
Acute- <90
Obtuse- >90 but less than 180
Reflex- > 180 but less than 360
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45. What are complemen- Two angles that the sum equals 90 degrees.
tary angles?

46. What are supplemen- Two angles that the sum equals 180 degrees.
tary angles?

47. What is the sum of the The sum of the interior angles of a triangle always equal 180°
interior angles of a tri-
angle?

48. What is a equilateral Triangles are equilateral when all three sides have the same length
triangle?

49. What is a isosceles tri- when two sides have equal length.
angle?

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50. How can you find the The perimeter of a triangle can be found by adding the lengths of each
perimeter of a trian- side and the area can be calculated as 1/2(base)(height).
gle?

51. In Geometry what are are four-sided geometric shapes whose four angles sum 360°
quadrilaterals?

52. What are some of the Square- all 4 right angles, to find the area = (side)2
most common types
of quadrilaterals and Rectangle- all 4 right angles,
what types of angles to find the area=
do they have? Length x width

Parallelogram- opposite angels are equal,

to find the area=
base x height

Trapezoid- sum of angles is 360,

to find area=
1/2 base1+base2 x height

53. In geometry circles a radius which measures the length from the center of the circle to any
have? point on its curve

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54. The circles diameter is is the length, through the center, from one point on the curve to another
important why? and equals radius x 2.

55. The circles circum- is the length around the curve and is equal to 2 x pi x radius (2πr) or pi
ference is important times diameter (πd)
why?

56. How do you find the is pi times radius squared (πr2).

area of a circle?

57. What does volume Volume measures the three dimensional area of an object.
measure?

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58. To find volume of a rec- Volume for a rectangle is found by multiplying length x width x height
tangle do?

59. How to find volume of for a cube with equal side lengths, can be simplified to side3
a cube?

60. Volume of a cylinder Volume for a cylinder can be found by multiplying the two dimensional
can be found by? area (πr2) by the height to get πr2h.

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