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 C. SALLUSTII CRISPI

OPERA:
ADAPTED TO THE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM

BT A.

LITERAL AND ANALYTICAL TRANSLATION.

BT
7 A/
'
JAMES HAMILTON,
AUTHOR OF THJt HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM.

A NEW AND MORE ACCURATE EDITION,

CAREFULLY REVISED, CORRECTED, AND OMISSIONS SUPPLIED; AND

WHAT IS OBSCURE OR UNINTELLIGIBLE, IN HAMILTON'S
TRANSLATION, EXPLAINED.

BT

f SOMAS tft'AftX.

PHILADELPHIA:
CHARLES DESILVER,
No. 714 Chestnut Street.

W. B KEEN, .

148 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO.

1860.

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 "TEE NEW ?UKfc
PUBLW LIBRARY
586886AND
AS OR. t'OX
TltD N FOUNDATIONS,
1913

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by

CHARLES DESIL7ER,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania.

• • • • • • •• i

-> • • •

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• • •
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PREFACE.

This American edition of Hamilton's interlinear

Sallust has been carefully revised, the errors corrected,
and the omissions in the London edition supplied ; for,

without the greatest care on the part of the translator,

such omissions often occur in interlinear translations.
These omissions are indicated, in this edition, by
placing the English words in brackets [ ] under the
Latin, as, page 40:

Permixtum vino.
[Mingled with wine.]

Permixtum vino has, through oversight, been omitted

in the text ; so also in page 45

Geznre otq;ae farrofc preetepea;

"
r"In lineage and +>eauty nrptooter;]

and in page 50 :
*•
: V>'\. ':*

PrOoiriAgsiJudiiie V*P»blica9.
JFop tL^^/catnesa^of the republic]

Here are three important omissions in the space of

ten pages; and these omissions occur nearly in the
same proportion throughout the London edition.
By a strict adherence to the Hamiltonian plan of
translating, many English sentences will be formed,
not only very uncouth, but also often unintelligible.
(iii)

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IV PREFACE.
This Hamilton has sometimes sought io obviate, by
adding explanatory sentences in parenthesis ( ),
as

Quid reliqui habemus.

What of remaining hay© we. (What have we left).

But still he has left many sentences unintelligible, or

nearly so. Such sentences the American editor has
explained by adding words or sentences included in
brackets [ ] instead of the parentheses ( )
of Hamil-
ton, as:

Ipse esse cum telo, item jubere alios

He himself was with a weapon, also to order others; [he himself was armed,

Festinare dies que noctes.

and ordered others to be so]. To hasten days and nights. [He was actively
employed day and night]

In the following sentences, though explanatory words

have been inserted by Hamilton, still the sentences
are left obscure; and the American editor has found it
necessary to explain them by sentences in brackets,
[ 1 as:

Familiarem rem deesse nobis etiam ad necessaria.

Private things (property) to be wanting tons eyen to (for) necessary

Ulti maxume
(matters). [While we wanjt the neoesfarjef ofjlfo] • Hayipg«yenged chiefly
• •• • # • • •*•• >••*•
nostrum sanguinem* ••• . V *.*
•.::• I Alia
(best) our blood. {After harkqg f01* ^f Uyes dearly.] Another
•• • *»••: :••:
licentia est alii** J..2 ».i\.* I

(different) lioense is todlff*|rc!At(pftsoB4g #»\p3ier*; is a difference in the

freedom of action.] V >: .%*• >: •*•; : ;

It was necessary to make similar explanations also

in a great many other sentences throughout the book.

Thomas Clark.

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 TESTIMONIALS
AS *TO

THE MERITS OF

Testimony of celebrated men in favour of the interlineary system

of translations, as being best adapted for learning a language,

Milton. — We do amiss to spend seven or eight years merely

in scraping together as much Latin and Greek as might be
learned easily and delightfully in one year.
If, after some preparatory grounds of speech by their certain

forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in
some chosen short book lessoned thoroughly to them, [that is, read
and translated to them], which would bring the whole language
quickly into their power. This I take to be the most natural
and most profitable way of learning languages.
[Children] should begin with the chief and necessary rules
of some good grammar, either that now used, or any better and ;

while this is doing, their speech is to be fashioned to a distinct

and clear pronunciation, as near as may be to the Italian, espe-

cially in the vowels. Next, to make them expert in the usefullest
points of grammar, some easy and delightful book should be
read to them.
[By this, Milton means that the teacher should read some
easy Latin book to his pupils, and translate and explain it re-

peatedly, until they understand such Latin book, and can them-
selves translate it.]

1* ()

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VI TESTIMONIALS.

John Locke, author of "Essay on the Human

the Under-
standing." —When what ado is made about
I consider a little

Latin and Greek, how many years are spent in it/ and what a
noise and business it makes to no purpose, I can hardly forbear
thinking that the parents of children still live in fear of the

schoolmaster's rod, which they look on as the only instrument

of education ; as a language or two. to be his whole business.
How else is it possible that a child should be chained to the oar,
seven, eight, or ten of the best years of his life, to get a language
or two, which, I think, might be had at a great deal cheaper rate
of pains and time, and be learned almost in playing.
[The first project of Locke] is to trouble the child with no
grammar at all, but to have Latin as English has been, without
the perplexity of rules, talked into him, for, if you will consider
it, Latin no more unknown to a child, when he comes into the
is

world, than English and yet he learns English without a

;

master, rule, or grammar ; and so might he Latin, too, as Tully

did, if he had somebody always to talk to him in this language.
And when we so often see a French woman teach an English
girl to speak and read French perfectly in a year or two, with-
out any rule of grammar, or anything else but prattling to her,
I cannot but wonder how gentlemen have overseen this way for
their sons. If, therefore, a man could be got, who, himself

speaking good Latin, would always be about your son, talk con-
stantly to him, and suffer him to speak and read nothing else,
this would be the true and genuine way, and that which I would
propose, not only as the easiest and best, wherein a child might,
without pains or chiding, get a language which others are wont
to be whipt for at school six or seven years together but also ;

as that wherein, at the same time, he might have bis mind and
manners formed, and be instructed in all other parts of know-
ledge of things that fall under the senses, and require little
more than memory. But if such a man cannot be got who
speaks good Latin, the next best thing is to have him taught as
near this way as may be, which is by taking some easy and
pleasant book, such as JEsop's Fables, and writing the English
translation (made as literal as can be) in one line, and the Latin
words which answer each of them, just over it in another.
These let him read every day, over and over again, till be per-
fectly understands the Latin ; and then go on to another Fable,

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TESTIMONIALS. Vll

till he is also perfect in that, not omitting what he is already

perfect in, but sometimes reviewing that to keep it in his
memory.
The formation of the verb first, and afterwards the declen-
sions of the nouns and pronouns, perfectly learned by heart,
facilitate his acquaintance with the genius and manner of the
Latin tongue, which varies»the signification of verbs and nouns,
not as the modern languages do, by particles prefixed, but by
changing the last syllable. More than this of grammar, I think,
he need not have, till he can read himself Sanctii Minerva.
As he advances in acquiring a knowledge of words, he must
advance, pari pasu, in obtaining a thorough and critical know-
ledge of grammar. When by this way of interlining Latin and
English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of
the Latin tongue, he may then be advanced a little farther, to
the reading of some other easy Latin book, soch as Justin, or
Eutropius make the reading and understanding of it
; and, to
the less tedious and difficult to him, let him help himself with
the English translation. Nor let the objection, that he will then
know it only by rote, fright any one. This, when well consi-
dered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this way
of learning a language. For languages are only to be learned
by roteand a man who does not speak English and Latin per-
;

fectly by rote, so that having thought of the thing he would

speak of, his tongue, of course without thought of rule or gram-
mar, falls into the proper expression and idiom of that language,
does not speak it well, nor is master of it. Languages were
made, not by rules of art, but by accident, and the common use
of the people and he that speaks them well has no other rule
;

but that, nor anything to trust to but his memory, and the habit
of speaking, after the fashion learned from those that are allowed
to speak properly, which, in other words, is only to speak by
rote.
—
Sydney Smith. The Hamiltonian system, on the other hand
1st. Teaches an unknown tongue by the closest interlinear trans-
lations, instead of leaving a boy to explore bis way by the
lexicon or dictionary. 2d. It postpones the study of grammar
tilla considerable progress has been made in the language, and
a great degree of practical grammar has been acquired. 3d. It
substitutes the cheerfulness and competition of the Lancasterian

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Till TESTIMONIALS.

system for the dull solitude of the dictionary. By these means

a boy finds be is making a progress, and learning something
from the very beginning. He is not overwhelmed with the first

appearance of insuperable difficulties ; he receives some little

pay from the first moment of his apprenticeship, and is not

compelled to wait for remuneration till he is out of his time.
The student, having acquired the great art of understanding
the sense of what is written in another tongue, may go into the
study of the language as deeply and as extensively as he pleases.
The old system aims at beginning with a depth and accuracy
which many men never will want, which disgusts many from
arriving even at moderate attainments, and is a less easy, and
not more certain road to a profound skill in a language, than if
attention to grammar had been deferred to a later period.
In fine, we are strongly persuaded that, the time being given,
this system will make better scholars; and, the degree of
scholarship being given, a much shorter time will be needed.
If there is any truth make Mr. Hamilton one of
in this, it will
the most useful men of his age for, if there is anything which
;

fills reflecting men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste

of mortal time, parental money, and puerile happiness, in the
present method of pursuing Latin and Greek.

AAAAMAMWW\A/W\A/WWW\A/VAMVV

Virgil, Horace, Caesar, Cicero, and Sallust, have

already been published on the interlinear plan, and

will be succeeded by the other classics (Greek as well
as Latin) as speedily as is consistent with accurate

preparation, and the importance of the undertaking.

Charles Desilver,
714 Chesnut Street, Phila.

Keen & Lee,

148 Lake Street, Chicago.

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA.
SALLUST'S CATILINE.

Decet omnis (omnes) homines, qui student

It becomes all men, who study

sese preestare cseteris animalibus, niti

themselves to excel to other animals, to endeavour with [their]

summa ope ne transeant vitam silentio

utmost might (that) they may not-pass [their] life in silence

veluti pecora, quae natura finxit prona atque

even-as cattle, which nature has formed prone and

obedientia ventri. Sed omnis nostra vis est

obedient to the belly. Bat all our force is

sita animo et corpore. Utimur imperio animi,

situate in mind and body. We use thecommand of the mind,

magis servitio corporis. Alteram est

more (than) the service of the body. The other (the one) is

commune nobis cum Dis, alteram cum belluis.

common to us with the gods, the other with beasts.

Quo videtur mihi rectius quaerere gloriam opibus

By which it seems to me more-right to seek glory by the powers

ingenii quam virium, et quoniam

of the understanding than of forces (bodily strength), and since

vita ipsa, qu& fruimur est brevis efficere

the life self, which we enjoy is short to effect [make]

memoriam nostri quam maximfe longam.

the memory (remembrance) of us as most long.

Nam gloria divitiaram et form®

[Endure most long.] For the glory of riches and of shape

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10 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

est fluxa atquo fragilis; virtus habetur

(beauty) is fleeting and frail; virtue is had
clara que seterna. Sed magnum certamen
(accounted) bright and eternal. But a great contest

fuit diu inter mortalis (mortales), ne militaris

has been a long-time between mortals, whether military

res procederet magis vi corporis, an

thing (Actios) would advance more by force of body, or

virtute animi. Nam et priusquam incipias

by virtue of mind. For and (even) before-that thou may est begin

est opus consulto, et ubi

(thou beginnest) (there) is need with (of) deliberation, and when
consulueris facto
thou mayest have deliberated (hast deliberated) of deed [need of doing]

mature. Ita utrumque indigens per se, alteram

seasonably. So either (is) defective by self, the other

eget auxilio alterius. Igitur initio

(the one) wants the aid of the other. Therefore in the beginning

reges (nam id fuit primum nomen imperii in

kings (for that has been the first name of government in

terris) diversi pars exercebant

.the lands) (world) different (in disposition) part did exercise

ingenium, alii corpus: etiam turn vita

the understanding, others the body also then the life

hominum agitabatur sine cupiditate, sua

of men was spent without covetousness, their-own

satis placebant cuique. Verd postea quam

were-sufficiently-pleasing [to] every-one. But • after that

Cyrus in AsiS, Lacedsemonii et Athenienses

Cyrus in Asia, (and) the Lacedemonians and Athenians

in Graecifi, coep&re subigere urbes atque nationes;

in Greece, began to subdue cities and nations

habere lubidinem dominandi causam

to have [began to consider] the lust of ruling a cause

belli, putare maxumam gloriam in

of war, [and] to think [that] the greatest glory [was] in

maxumo imperio ; turn demum compertum est

th a, greatest command; then at length it was found

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 11

pericnlis atque negotiis, ingenium plurimum posse

by dangers and affairs, [that] the understanding to be most-powerful

in bello. Quod si virtus animi

(could effect most) in war. But if the virtue of the mind
regum atque imperatorum valeret, ita in
of kings and of commanders might prevail, [equally] so in

pace ut in bello, humanae res haberent sese

peace as in war, human things would have themselves

sequabilius atque constantius; neque

(would be) more-even- and more-steady; neither

cerneres aliud ferri alid, neque

wouldst thou perceive another (one thing) to be borne elsewhere, neither

omnia mutari ac misceri. Nam imperium

all (things) to be changed and to be mingled. For government

retinetur facilS iis artibus, quibus initio

is retained easily by those arts, by which in the beginning

partum est. Verum ubi pro labore, desidia

it was-acquired. But when instead-of labour, idleness

pro continent^ et aequitate, lubido atque

instead-of continence and equity, lust and

superbia invasfere, fortuna immutatur simul

pride came-in (seized), fortune is changed , together

cum moribus. Ita imperium transfertur semper h

with manners. So authority is transferred always from

minus bono ad quemque optumum. Quae

(the) less good (man) to each best. Whatever

homines arant, navigant, sedificant,

(things) men plough, navigate, build, (agriculture, navi-

omnia parent virtuti. Sed

gation, architecture), all obey to virtue (mental powers). But

multi mortales, dediti ventri, atque somno, indocti

many mortals, addicted to the belly, and to sleep, untaught

que inculti, transiSre vitam sicuti

and unpolished, have passed life as (persons)

peregrinantes : quibus profecto contra naturam

travelling: to whom indeed [contrary to nature] (their)

corpus fuit voluptati, anima oneri. Ego

body has been for pleasure, the soul for a burden. I

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12 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

aestumo vitam que mortem eorum juxta, quoniam

estimate the life and death of them equally, since

siletur de utr&que. Verihn enimvero

it is silent (nothing is said) concerning each. Bat truly

is demum videtur mihi vivere et frui animS, qui,

he at length appears to me to live and to enjoy life, who,

intentus aliquo negotio, quaerit famam praeclari

intent on some business, seeks the fame of illustrious

facinoris aut bona artis. Sed in magnfi, copi£

enterprise or of good art. But in the great abundance

rerum, natura ostendit aliud iter

of things, nature points-out another (different) journey (course)

alii. Est pulchrum benefacere reipublicae,

to another (person). It is fair to do-well to the republic,

etiam benedicere est haud absurdum. Licet

also to speak- well is not absurd. It is- lawful

fieri clarum vel pace vel bello: et multi

to be made illustrious either by peace or by war : and many

laudantur, qui fecere, et qui scripsSre facta

are praised, who have done, and who have written deeds

aliorum. Ac tametsi par gloria haudquaquam

of others.. And although equal glory by-no-means

sequatur scriptorem et actorem rerum, tamen

may follow (follows) the writer and actor of things, yet

videtur quidem mihi in primis arduum scribere res

it seems [indeed to me] particularly difficult to write things

gestas: primftm, qudd facta sunt exaequanda

carricd-on (history) : first, because deeds are to-be-equalled

dictis; dein quia plerique putant

by sayings (language) ; afterwards because most think

delicta, quae reprehenderis, dicta

the faults, which thou mayest have reproved, (to be) said from

malevolentifi. et invidifi ; ubi memores de magnfi

ill-will and envy ; when thou mayest record of the great

virtute bonorum quae quisque putefc

virtue of good (men) j whatever (things) each may think

facilia factu sibi, accipit aequo

(thinks) easy to be done to (by) himself, he receives with even

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 13

animo; supra ducit pro falsis, veluti

mind ; beyond (that) he leads (deems) [all] for false, [or] as

ficta. Sed ego, adolescentulus, initio latus sum

feigned. But X * very-young-man, in the beginning was-borne

studio* ad Rempublicam ; que ibi multa

by inclination to the Republic ; and there many (things)

fu6re advorsa mihi. Nam audacia, largitio,

have been adverse to me. For boldness, bribery,

avaritia, vigebant pro pudore, pro abstinentifi,

covetousness, did flourish instead-of modesty, instead-of abstinence,

pro virtute; quae tametsi animus

instead-of virtue; which (things) although (my) mind

insolens malarum artium, aspernabatur

unaccustomed of (to) bad arts, did despise

tamen imbecilla eetas, corrupta ambitione, tenebatur

yet (my) weak age, corrupted by ambition, was held

inter tanta vitia. Ac cum dissentirem ab

among so-great vices. And when I would dissent from

reliquis malis moribus, nihilominus eadem cupido

the rest (others') bad manners, nevertheless the same desire

honoris, quae vexabat caeteros, fama et invidia

of honour, which did harass the rest, fame and envy

(vexabant) me. Igitur ubi animus requievit ex

(did harass) me. Therefore when (my) mind rested from

multis miseriis atque periculis, et decrevi

many miseries and dangers, and I resolved [that] (my)

reliquam setatem habendam procul

remaining age to-be-had [should] (be passed) at-a-distance

a Republic^, non fuit consilium

from the Republic (public affairs), it has not-been (my) design

conterere bonum otium socordia atque desidiS. ; neque

to consume good leisure in sloth and idleness nor

verd agere aetatem, intentum servilibus

truly to act (spend) age (my life), intent on servile

officiis, colendo agrum aut venando: sed

offices, in cultivating field (land) or in hunting : but

*
Or, from study, which it appears is the author's meaning, from what
follows; "sed a quo inoepto studioque me mala ambitio," Ac.
. 2

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14 SALLUSTII CATILINA-

regressus eddem, a quo incepto que

having returned to the same (pursuit), from which undertaking and

studio, mala ambitio detinuerat me, statui

study, bad ambition bad detained me, I resolved

perscribere res gestas Romani

to write-through things carried-on (the achievements) of the Roman
populi carptim, uti quaeque videbantur digna
people with-selection, as each did seem worthy (of)

memorifi: magis e6, quod animus erat

memory: more on-this-account, because (my) mind was

liber mihi k spe, metu, partibus Reipublicae.

free to me from hope, fear, [and the] factions of the Republic

Igitur absolvam paucis de

Therefore I will acquit (dispose) in a few (words) concerning [I wiU

conjuratione Catilinas qu§,m

relate in a few words] the conspiracy of Catiline as

verissumfe potero. Nam existumo id facinus

most-truly [as] I shall be-able. For I think that enterprise

in primis memorabile novitate sceleris atque

particularly memorable from the novelty of (its) wickedness and

periculi: de moribus cujus hominis pauca

danger : concerning the morals of which man a few (things)

sunt explananda, prius quam faciam initium

are to-be-explained, before-that I may make (I make) a beginning
narrandi.
of relating.

Lucius Catilina, natus nobili genere,

Lucius Catiline, born (descended) of a noble race,

fuit magnd vi et anirai et corporis,

was (a man) (of) great strength and (both) of mind and otbody,

sed malo que pravo ingenio. Intestina bella,

but (of) a bad ^and depraved disposition. Intestine wars,

caedes, rapinae, civilis discordia fuere grata huic

slaughters, rapines, oivil discord were agreeable to this

ab adolescent^ ; que ibi exercuit

(man) from (his) youth; and there (in them) he exercised

suam juventutem. Corpus patiens mediae,

his youth. (His) body (was) patient of hunger,

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SALLUSTn CATILINA. 15

algoris, vigilise, supra qu&m est

of cold, of watchfulness (want of sleep), beyond than (what) is

credibile cuiquam: animus audax, subdolus,

credible to any. one : (his) mind adventurous, crafty,

varius, simulator ac dissimulator cujuslibet rei,

changeable, a counterfeiter and dissembler of any thing,

appetens alieni, profusus sui; ardens in

desirous of another's (property), lavish of his own; ardent in

cupiditatibus ; satis eloquenti®, parum sapienti®;

desires ; (he had) sufficient of eloquence, little of wisdom
vastus animus semper cupiebat immoderata,
(his) vast mind always did desire extravagant,

incrfedibilia, nimis alta. Post dominationem

incredible, (and) too high (things). After the domination

Lucii Sullse, maxuma lubido republicae

(usurpation) of Lucius Sylla, a very-great lust (ambition) of the republic

capiundae invaserat hunc, neque

to be-taken (of seising the republic) had seised him, nor
habebat quidquam pensi quibus
had he any of thought [nor did he care] by what
modis assequeretur id, dum pararet regnum
means he might attain that, while he should procure the kingdom

sibi. Ferox animus agitabatur magis que

for himself. (His) fierce mind was agitated more and
magis in dies, inopifi, familiaris rei,
more daily, from want of familiar thing (private property),

et conscientiS scelerum; utraque quae auxerat

and a consciousness of crimes; both whioh he had increased
his artibus, quas memoravi supra:
by those arts (practices), which I have recorded above:
praeterea corrupti mores civitatis incitabant,
moreover the corrupt manners of the state did incite (him),
quos, luxuria atque avaritia, pessuma mala.
which (manners), luxury and avarice, the worst evils,

ac diversa inter se, vexabant.

and different between themselves, did harass (did pervert).

Res ipsa videtur hortari, quoniam

The thing (subject) self eeems to exhort (me), since

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16 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

tempus admonuit de moribus civitatis,

time (the occasion) has reminded (me) of the manners of the state,

repetere supra ac disserere paucis

to retrace above [farther back] and discuss in a few (words)

instituta majorum domi que militiae,

the institutions of {our) ancestors at-home and abroad [in war],

quomodo habuerint rempublicam,

in-what-manner they may have had (they managed) the republic,

que quantam reliquerint, et disserere

and how-great they may have left (they left it), and [to discuss]

ut paulatim immutata, facta sit

how by-degrees having been changed, it may have been made

pessuma ae flagitiosissuma ex
(it became) the worst and most-disgraceful from (having been)

pulcberrumS.
the fairest

Trojani, sicut ego accepi, initio,

The Trojans, as I have received (have heard), in the beginning,

condidSre atque habuSre urbem Eomam;

(first) built and had (inhabited) the city Rome
qui, iEnea duce, profugi vagabantur
who, JSaeas (being their) leader, [as] exiles did wander

incertis sedibus; que cum bis

in uncertain seats (having no fixed habitation) ; and with these

Aborigines, agreste genus hominum, sine legibus,

the Aborigines, a rustic race of men, without laws,

liberum atque solutum. Postquam bi

free and loosed (unrestrained). Afber-that they

convenSre ibi in una moenia dispari

assembled there into one (the same) walls (city) of different

genere, dissimili lingufi, viventes alius alio

race, of dissimilar language, living one (each) in a different

more, est incredibile memoratu, quam facile

custom, it is incredible to-be-recorded, how easily

coaluerint. Sed postquam

they may have coalesced (they incorporated). But after-that

res eorum aucta civibus, moribus,

the thing (state) of them having been increased by citisens, morals

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agris, videbatur satis prospers, que

(moral institutions), lands, did appear sufficiently prosperous, and

satis pollens, invidia orta est ex opulentifi,

sufficiently powerful, envy arose out-of opulence,

sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur.

as most of mortal (things) are had (are conducted).

Igitur reges que finitimi populi

Therefore kiugs and neighbouring peoples (people) (began)

tentare bello. Pauci ex amicis esse auxilio.

to- try (them) in war. A few of (their) friends to be for aid

Nam cseteri, perculsi metu, aberant

(brought them aid). For the rest, stricken with fear, kept-aloof

k periculis. At Eomani, intenti domi , que

from dangers. But the Romans, intent at-home and

militia, festinare, parare, alius

of war (abroad), (began) to hasten, to prepare, the other (one)

hortari alium ire obviam hostibus; tegere

to exhort another togo towards the enemies ; to protect

libertatem, patriam, que parentes armis.

liberty, (their) country, and parents with arms.

Post ubi propulerant pericula virtute

Afterward when they had repulsed dangers by virtue (valour)

portabant auxilia sociis atque amicis; que parabant

they did carry aids to allies and friends ; and did prepare

amicitias magis beneficiis dandis qu&m

(procure) friendships rather by favours to-be-given than

accipiundis.
to be received. [Rather by giving, than by receiving favours.]

Habebant legitimum imperium, regium nomen

They did have a legitimate government, a royal name
imperii:, delecti quibus corpus erat infirmum
of government : chosen (men) to whom the body was weak
annis, ingenium validum gapienti^
by years, (their) understanding strong with wisdom,

consultabant reipublica. Hi, vel

did consult (legislate) for the republic. These, either from (their)

aetate vel similitudine curse, appellabantur

age or from the sim^tude of (their) care, were called
2*

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18 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

Patres. Post ubi regium imperium, quod

Fathers. Afterwards when the royal government, which

initio fuerat libertatis

in the beginning had been (established) (for the sake) of liberty

conservandae, atque reipublicae augendae, convertit

to-be-preserved, and of the republic to-be-increased, turned

in superbiam que dominationem, more

(itself) into pride and tyranny, (their) practice

immutato, fecSre sibi annua impteria,

having been changed, they made for themselves annual governments,

binos imperatores: eo modo putabant humanum

two rulers by that means they did think the human
aqimum posse minimi insolescere per lieentiam.
mind to-be-able least to-grow-insolent through ex cess -of- power.

Sed e& tempestate coepSre quisque extollere

But at that time they began each to extol

se magis que magis, que habere

(exert) himself more and more, and to have (his)

ingenium in promptu: nam boni

understanding in readiness for good [and talented] (men)

sunt suspectiores regibus quim mali; que

are more-suspected to kings than bad [and stupid] j and

aliena virtus est semper formidolosa his.

strange (another's) virtue is always formidable to these.

Sed est incredibile memoratu, quantum civitas

But it is incredible to be recorded, how-much the state

creverit brevi, libertate

may have increased (increased) in a-short-time, liberty

adepta: tanta cupido gloriae incesserat.

having been obtained : so-great a desire of glory had come-in.
Jamprimum juventus, simul-ac erat
Now-first the youth, as-soon-as it was (they were)

patiens belli, discebat in castris militiam

able-to-endure war, did learn in the camps war
usu per laborem; que habebat lubidinem
from habit through exercise and did have pleasure

magis in decoris arm is, et militaribus equis, quam

rather in beautiful arms, and military horses, than

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in scortis atque conviviis. Igitur labos erat non

in harlots and banquets. Therefore labour was not

insolitus talibus viris, non-ullus locus asper aut

unusual to-such men, not-any place rough or

arduus; armatus hostis non formidolosus

difficult (inaccessible) j an armed enemy [was] not formidable :

virtus domuerat omnia. Sed maxumum certamen

virtue had subdued all (things). But a very-great contest

glorias erat inter ipsos : quisque properabat ferire

for glory was among them each did hasten to strike

hostem, ascendere murum, conspici dum faceret

the enemy, to scale the wall, to be-beheld whilst he might do

tale facinus: putabant eas divitias,

(did perform) such enterprise : they did think these riches,

earn bonam famam, que magnam nobilitatem.

that good fame, and great nobility (distinction).

Erant avidi laudis, liberales pecuniae; volebant

They were desirous of praise, liberal of money ; they did will

ingentem gloriam, honestas divitias. Possem

(wished for) great glory, honourable riches. I could

memorare in quibus locis Romanus populus

to relate in what places the Roman people

fuderit maxumas copias hostium parva

may have routed (routed) very -great forces of the enemies with a small

manu; quas urbes munitas naturft

band; what cities fortified by nature (they) [the Roman people]

ceperit pugnando, ni ea res

may have taken (they took) in-fighting, unless that thing

traheret nos longius ab incepto. Sed

would draw us farther (too far) from (our) undertaking. But

profectS fortuna dominatur in omni re ; ea celebrat

indeed fortune controls in every thing; she celebrates

que obscurat cunctas res magis ex lubidine

and eclipses (depresses) all things rather from caprice

qu&m ex vero. Res gestae

than from truth (merit). The things carried-on (deeds)

Atheniensium, sicut ego existumo, fuere satis

of the 'Athenians, as I think, have been sufficiently

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20 SALLUSTH CATILINA.

amplse que magnifies; verilm tamen aliquanto

ample (great) and magnificent; but however by somewhat
:
minores qu&m feruntur fam& ' sed quia
less than they are borne (represented) by fame : but because

magna ingenia scriptorum provenere ibi,i

great understandings (abilities) of writers sprang-up there,

facta Atheniensium celebrantur per terrarum

the deeds of the Athenians are celebrated through the whole

orbem pro maxumis. Ita virtus eorum, qui

world for the greatest. So the virtue of those, who
fecere ea, habetur tanta, quantum
have done those (things), is accounted so-great, as

proeclara ingenia potuere extollere

the brilliant understandings (of their writers) have been able to extol

ea, verbis. At ea copia nunquam

them [by their writings]. But that abundance (of writers) never

fuit Eomano populo: quia quisque

has been to the Roman people because each

prudentissimus erat maxumfc negotiosus: nemo

most-skilful (man) was most active: no-one

exercebat ingenium sine corpore: quisque

did exercise the understanding without the body each

optumus malebat facere quam dicere;

best (man) did rather- wish to do than to say [and to have];

sua benefacta laudari ab aliis, quam ipse narrare

his-own good-deeds to be praised by others, than he to relate

aliorum. Igitur boni mores

(those) to others. Therefore good manners (practices)

colebantur domi, que militise

were celebrated [cultivated] at-home, and at-war (in the oamp) (their)

concordia erat maxuma, avaritia minuma, jus

unanimity was very-great, (their) selfishness very-small, justice

que bonum valebat apud eos non magis legibus

and good did prevail among them not more by laws

qu&m naturS. Exercebant j urgia>

than by nature. They did exercise (practise) contentions,

discordias, simultates cum hostibus; cives certabant

discords, feuds with the enemies ; citizens did vie

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 SALLUSTH CATIUNA. 21

civibus de virtute. Erant

with citizens concerning virtue [in deeds of Ytlonr]. They were

magnifici in suppliciis deorum, parci

magnificent in (their) worships (worship) of the gods, frugal

domi, fideles in amicos. Curabant

of (at) home, faithful toward (their) friends. They did manage

que se que rempublicam his duabus artibus,

both themselves and the republio by these two arts

audacifi, in bello, sequitate, ubi pax

(practices), by boldness in war, by equity, when peace

evenerat. Quarum rerum ego habeo h»c maxuma

had happened. Of which things I have these very-great

documenta, qudd in bello vindicatum est

proofs, that in war it-was-vindicated (punishment was

srepids in eos, qui pugnaverant in hostem

visited) oftener on those, who had fought against the enemy

contra imperium, que qui revocati, excesserant

contrary- to command, and who having been recalled, had departed

tardius s
praelio, qu&m qui
more slowly (too slowly) from battle, than (on those) who
ausi-erant relinquere signa, aut pulsi
had-dared to leave-behind (their) standards, or having been repulsed

cedere loco: vero agitabant imperium

to retire from place (their post) : but they did conduct the government

in pace, magis benefices qu&m metu, injuria

in peace, rather by kindnesses than by fear, an injury

acceptA, malebant ignoscere quam

having been received, they did rather- wish to pardon than

persequi. Sed ubi respublica crevit labore

to avenge (it). But when the republic increased by industry

atque justiti&, magni reges domiti bello;

and justice, [when] great kings (were) conquered in war;

ferae nationes, et ingentes populi subacti

savage nations, and great peoples (people) subdued

vi, Carthago, remula Romani imperii,

by force, [when] Carthage, the rival of the Roman empire,

interiit ab stirpe, cuncta

perished from (its) stem, (was whoUy destroyed), [when] all

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maria que terra patebant, fortuna coepit saevire

seas and lands did lie-open, fortune began to rage

ac miscere omnia. Otium, divitiae,

and oonfonnd all (things). Peaoe, [repose] riohes, (things)

optandae aliis, fuere oneri que

to be wished to others, [for by some] were for a burden (a burden) and

miseriae iis, qui facile toleraverant dubias

wretchedness to those, who easily had endured doubtful (critical)

atque asperas res. Igitur primd cupido pecuniae,

and rough things. Therefore at-first the desire of money,

dein imperii, crevit: ea fuere quasi materies

then of command, increased : those were as-if the source

omnium malorum. Namque avaritia subvertit fidem,

of all evils. For avarice overturned faith,

probitatem, que caeteras bonas artes; pro

honesty, and other good arts (qualities); instead-of

his edocuit superbiam crudelitatem, negligere

these it taught (them) pride, cruelty, to neglect

deos, habere omnia venalia; ambitio subegit

the gods, to have all things venal ; ambition compelled

multos mortales fieri falsos; habere aliud

many mortals to be made (become) false ; to have one

clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in

(thing) shut-up in the breast, another ready on (the)

lingufi; aestumare amicitias que inimicitias non

tongue to estimate friendships and enmities not

ex re, sed ex commodo;

according-to the thing (moral worth), but according-to advantage ;

que habere bonum vultum magis quam

and to have a good (fair) countenance rather than (an honest)

ingenium. Haec primd crescere paulatim,

disposition. These at-first (began) to increase by-degrees,

interdum vindicari. Post ubi contagio, quasi

sometimes to be punished. Afterwards when the contagion, as-if

pestilentia invasit, civitas immutata

a pestilence invaded (them), the state (was) changed

imperium factum crudele que intolerandum,

the government (was) made cruel and intolerable,

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 23

ex justissimo que optumo. Sed primd ambitio

from the most-just and the best. Bat at first ambition

cxercebat animos hominum magis qukm avaritia:

did exercise the minds of men more than avarice:

quod vitium tamen erat propius virtutem.

which vice [of ambition] however was nearer- to virtue.

Nam bonus ignavus «qu& exoptant sibi

For the good (and) the indolent equally wish for themselves

gloriam, honorem, imperium, sed ille

glory, honour (preferment) authority, but he [the ambi-

nititur vera vi&

tious man] (the former) endeavours (for them) in the true way [by ho-
quia bonse artes desunt huic,
nourable means] ; because good arts (qualities) are-wanting to this

contendit * dolis atque fallaciis.

(the latter), [avarice], he strives (for them) by deceits and fallacies.

Avaritia habet studium pecuniae, quam nemo

Avarice has a zeal [and desire] of money, which no

sapiens concupivit. Ea, quasi imbuta malis

wise (man) has coveted. It, as-if imbued with bad

venenis, effoeminat corpus que virilem animum: est

poisons, enervates the body and manly mind is

semper infinita, insatiabilis : neque minuitur

always unbounded, insatiable neither is [it] lessened

copift neque inopift. Sed postquam Lucius Sulla,

by plenty nor by want. But after Lucius Sylla,

republic^ receptft armis, habuit malos

the republic having been recovered by arms, had bad (unsucoess-

eventus ex bonis initiis; omnes rapere

ful) results from good beginnings ; all (began) to-plunder

trahere: alius cupere domum, alius

to-draw (to take away) : another (one) to covet a house, another

agros. Victores habere neque modum

lands. [That] the conquerors to have [had] neither manner (bounds)

neque modestiam: facere foeda que

nor modesty (moderation) : to do [and did] disgraceful and

crudelia facinora in civis. Hue

cruel crimes against (their) fellow-citizens. Hither

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accedebat qu6d Lucius Sulla, contra

did come (to this was to be added), that Lucius Sylla, contrary-to

morem majorum, habuerat exercitum,

the custom of (our) ancestors, had (treated) the army,

quern ductaverat in AsiS, luxuriosfe que nimis

which he had often-led in Asia, in temperately and too

liberaliter, qud faceret fidum sibi.

liberally, in-order-that he might make (it) faithful to himself.

Amoena, voluptaria loca facilfe molliverant ferocis

Pleasant, voluptuous places easily had enervated the fierce

(feroces) animos militum in otio. Ibi primihn

minds of the soldiers in peace. There first

exercitus Eomani populi insuevit amare,

the army of the Roman people became-accustomed to love,

potare, mirari signa, pictas tabulas,

to drink, to admire signs, (statues), painted tablets (pictures),

coelata vasa; rapere ea privatim et public^,

carved vases ; to phinder those (things) privately and publicly,

spoliare delubra, polluere omnia sacra que

to rob shrines (temples), to pollute all (things) sacred and

profana. Igitur hi milites, postquam adepti-sunt

profane. Therefore these soldiers, after they obtained

victoriam, fecere nihil reliqui

a victory, made nothing of remaining (left nothing)

victis. Quippe secundse res fatigant

to the vanquished. For [indeed] prosperous things . fatigue (try)

animos sapientium ne illi temperarent

the minds of the wise ; much less could they-moderately-enjoy

victorup, moribus corruptis. Postquam

victory, (their) manners having been corrupted. After

divitise coepere esse honori, et gloria,

riches began to be for honour (an honour), and glory,

imperium, potentia sequebatur eas: virtus coepit

authority, power did follow them : virtue began

hebescere, paupertas haberi probro,

to languish, poverty to be had (accounted) for a disgrace,

innocentia duci pro malevolentiS. Igitur ex

innocenoe to be deemed for ill-will. Therefore out-of

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divitiis, luxuria, atque avaritia, cum superbifi,

rich es, luxury, and avarice, with pride,

invasere juventutem. Bapere, consumere,

invaded the youth. (They began) to plunder, to consume,

pendere sua parvi, cupere aliena;

to esteem their-own (things) of little (value), to desire others

habere pudorem, pudicitiam, divina atque humana

to have modesty, chastity, divine and human
promiscua, nihil pensi, neque
(things) promiscuous (undistinguished), nothing of regard, nor

moderati.
of moderation. [They disregarded these things, and acted without re-

Est pretium operae quum

straint]. It is a reward of labour (it is worth while), when
cognoveris domos atque villas
thou shalt have known (have viewed) houses and villas

exaedificatas in modum urbium, visere templa

built-up in the manner of cities, to visit the temples

deorum, quae nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

of the gods, which our ancestors, most-devout mortals,

fecere. Verum illi decorabant delubra deorum

made. But they did adorn the temples of the gods

pietate, suas domos glorift; neque eripiebant

with piety, their-own houses with glory; nor did they snateh

quidquam victis praeter licentiam

any (thing) from the vanquished, except the privilege of (doing)

injuriae. At hi, contr& ignavissimi homines,

injury. But these, on-the-other-hand, most-indolent men,

adimere, per summum scelus, omnia ea

(began) to take-away, through the utmost wickedness, all those

sociis quae fortissimi viri victores

(things) from (their) allies which the bravest men (when) conquerors

reliqudfunt hostibus, proinde-quasi facere

left to (their) enemies, just-as-if to do

injuriam, id esset demum uti imperio.

an injury, that might be at-length (truly) to use authority.

Nam quid memorem ea, quae sunt credibilia

For why may I relate those (things), which are credible

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nemini, nisi his, qui videre; montes

to no-one, unless to those, who have seen (them) j [that] mountains

esse subversos, maria constrata k

[have] to be overturned, seas covered -over (built upon) by
compluribus privatis? Quibus divitiae videntur
many private (persons) ? To whom riches appear

mihi fuisse ludibrio: quippe properabant abuti

to me to have been for mockery for they did hasten to abuse

per turpitudinem, quas licebat habere

through baseness • (the riches), which it was-lawful to have

honestfc. Sed non minor lubido stupri, ganeae,

honourably. But no less a lust of impurity, debauchery,

que caeteri cultfis, incesserat. Viri

and [of] other-such habit, had invaded (them). Men (began)

pati muliebria: mulieres habere

to suffer (admit) womanish (practices) women to have

pudicitiam in propatulo: exquirere omnia

chastity in common to search -out all (things)

terr£ que mari, causfi vescendi, dormire priusquam

by land and by sea, for-the-sake of feeding, to sleep before-that

cupido somni esset: non opperiri famem

inclination of sleep might-be (to them) : not to-wait-for hunger

aut sitim, neque frigus neque lassitudinem ; sed

or thirst, neither cold nor lassitude; but

antecapere omnia ea luxu. Haec incendebant

to anticipate all those by luxury. These (things) did inflame

juventutem ad facinora, ubi familiares opes

the youth to crimes, when family . (private) resource!

defecerant. Animus imbutus malis artibus,

had failed (them). The mind imbued with bad arts (praotioes),

haud facilfe carebat lubidinibus: eb erat

not easily did refrain-from lusts : on-this-account it was

profusiils deditus quaestui atque shmptui

the more-lavishly addicted to acquisition and expenditure

omnibus modis.
in all manners.

In tantfi que tarn corrupt^ civitate, Oatilina

In so-great and so corrupted a state, Catiline

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 27

habebat, (id quod erat facillimum factu), caterva8

did have, (that which was very-easy to-be-done), troops

omnium flagitiosorum atque facinorosorum

of all wicked and desperate (fellows)

circum se, tanquum stipatorum. Nam quicumque

around himself, as-if body-guards. For whatsoever

impudicus, adulter, ganeo laceraverat

unchaste (person), adulterer, debauchee had squandered (his)

patria bona manu, ventre, pene; quique

paternal goods by hand, belly (luxury), lust; whosoever

conflaverat grande alienum aes,

had 8welled-up (contracted) a great other's brass (debt),

quo redimeret flagitium aut

by which he might redeem (purchase pardon for) wickedness or

facinus; praeterea omnes undique parricidae,

crime besides all [from everywhere the] parricides,

sacrilegi convicti judiciis aut timentes

sacrilegious (wretches) convicted in trials or fearing

judicium pro factis; ad-hoc quos

trial for (their) deeds; to-this (moreover) (those) whom
manus atque lingua alebat perjurio et civili
(their) hand and tongue did support by perjury and civil

sanguine; postremd, omnes quos flagitium, egestas,

blood; lastly, all whom villany, want,

conscius animus, exagitabat, hi^ erant proxumi que

a guilty mind, did harass, these were the nearest and

familiares Catilinae. Qudd si quis etiam vacuus

familiar to Catiline. But if any-one even (yet) free

& culpS,, inciderat in amicitiam ejus, efficiebatur

from fault, had fallen into the friendship of bim, he was made

facile par que similis caeteris quotidiano usu atque

easily equal and like to the rest by daily habit and
illecebris. Sed appetebat maxumfe familiaritates
allurements. But he sought-after chiefly the intimacies

adolescentium : animi eorum molles et fluxi aetate,

of young-men : the minds of these soft and frail by age,

haud difficulter capiebantur dolis. Nam uti

not difficultly were taken (ensnared) by wiles. For as

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stadium cujusque flagrabat ex aetate,

the inclination of each did glow from age, (he began)

praebere scorta aliis, mercari canes atque

to afford harlots to others (some), to buy hounds and

equos aliis : postremd, parotre neque sumptui

horses for others : finally, to spare neither expense

neque suae modestiae, dum faceret

nor Iris-own modesty (character), provided he could make (them)

obnoxios que fidos sibi. Scio nonnullos fuisse,

subservient and faithful to himself. I know some to have been,

qui ita existumarent, juventutem, quae

who thus would think (thought), the youth, which

frequentabat domum Catilinae, habuisse pudicitiam

did frequent the house of Catiline, to have-had modesty

parum honestfe: sed haec fama valebat magis

little (not) honourably : but this report did prevail more

ex aliis rebus, quam quod id foret compertum

from other things, than that it might be (it was) found-out

cuiquam. Jamprimum Catilina, adolescens,

(known) to any-one. First-of-all Catiline, a young-man,

fecerat multa nefanda stupra cum nobili

had dono (committed) many abominable impurities with a noble

virgine, cum sacerdote Vestae, et alia

virgin, with a priestess of Vesta, and other (things)

hujuscemodi, contra jus que fas: postremd,

of this-kind, against human-law and divine-law lastly,

captus amore Aureliae Orestillae, cujus bonus

taken with love of Aurelia Orestilla, of whom a good-man
unquam laudavit nihil praeter formam; qudd
ever praised nothing except (her) beauty; because

ea, timens privignum adult& aetate, dubitabat

she, fearing a stepson (of) mature age, did hesitate

nubere illi, creditur pro certo fecisse vacuam

to marry to him, he is believed for certain to have made an empty

domum, necato filio, scelestis nuptiis. Quae

house, [his son being killed], for the wicked nuptials. Which

res quidem videtur mihi in primis fuisse causa

thing indeed seems [to me] chiefly to have been the cause

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 29

facinoris maturandi. Namque

of the enterprise to-be-hastened (of hastening the conspiracy). For

impurus animus, infestus diis que hominibus,

(his) impure mind, hostile to gods and to men,

poterat sedari neque

vigiliis neque quietibus:
was able to be allayed neither by watchings nor by rests (rest):

conscientia ita vexabat excitam mentem. Igitur

his conscience so did harass (his) disturbed mind, Therefore

color ei, exsanguis, oculi foedi, incessus

complexion (was) to him pale, eyes foul, (his) gait

modo citus, modo tardus: vecordia inerat prorsus

now quick, now slow: madness was-in throughout

in facie que vultu.

in (his) appearance and countenance. [His features indicated fury

Sed edocebat juventutem mala

and malignity]. But he did teach the youth wicked

facinora, quam, ut diximus supr&, illexerat: ex

crimes, which, as we have said above, he had allured : out-of

illis commodare falsos testes que

them (he began) to accommodate (to furnish) false witnesses and

signatores habere fidem,

signers (forgers) ;
[and to instruct them] to have (hold) faith,

fortunas, pericula vilia. Post, ubi

fortunes, dangers (as) insignificant Afterwards, when
attriverat famam atque pudorem eorum,
he had worn-away (ruined) the character and shame of them,

imperabat alia majora. Si caussa peccandi

he did enjoin other greater (crimes). If an opportunity of sinning

minus-suppetebat in prsesens, nihilominus

did-not-offer for the present, "nevertheless (he ordered

circumvenire, jugulare insontes sicuti sontes.

them) to beset, and to murder the innocent as-if guilty.

Scilicet, ne manus aut animus torpesceret per

Forsooth, lest the hand or mind might become-sluggish through

otium ; erat malus atque crudelis potius gratuity

disuse; ho was bad and cruel rather gratuitously

Catilina confisus his amicis

(without a purpose). Catiline having relied to (on) these friends
3*

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80 SALLUSTU CATILINA.

que sociis, simul qudd alienum ses

and companions, at-the-same-time because others' brass (debt)

erat ingens per omnis (omnes) terras ;

was great through all lands (throughout the

et qudd plerique Sullani urilites,

whole country) ; and because [the greater part of] the Syllanian soldiers,

usi suo largius, memores rapinarum et

having used their-own too-freely, mindful of rapines and
veteris victoriae, exoptabaat civile bellum
and of ancient victory, did eagerly-wish-for civil war

cepit consilium reipublicae

he took design (entered into a design) of the republic

opprimundae. Nullus exercitus

to be oppressed (of oppressing the republic). No army (was)

in Italifi : Cneius Pompeius gerebat bellum in

in Italy Cneius Pompey did carry-on war in

extremis terris: magna spes ipsi petundi

remotest lands : a great hope (was) to him of seeking

consulatum ; senatus san& intentus nihil

the consulship; the senate indeed intent (on) nothing:

omnes res tutse que tranquillae: sed ea

all things (were) safe and quiet: but those (things)

prOrsus opportuna Catilinae. Igitur circiter

(were) altogether favourable to Catiline. Therefore about

Junias kalendas, Lucio Caesare et Caio

the Junian kalends (first of June), Lucius Caesar and Caius

Figulo consulibus, prim6 appellare

Figulus (being) consuls, (he began) first to address

singulos, hortari alios, tentare alios;

single (persons individually), to exhort some, to try others;

docere suas opes, rempublicam

to teach (to inform them of) his-own resources, [that] the republio

imparatam, magna praemia conjurationis.

[was] unprepared, [and] the great rewards of the conspiracy.

TJbi quae voluit explorata-sunt satis,

When (the matters) which he willed were considered sufficiently,

convocat omnis (omnes) in unum, quibus

he convokes all into one (place), to-whom

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SALLUSTII CATILINA, 31

inerat maxuma necessitudo et

there-was-in (who had) the greatest obligation -of-necessity and

plurimum audacise.
most of boldness. [Who were the most needy jind bold].

Ed convenere Senatorii ordinis, Publius

Hither (there) assembled of the Senatorian order, Publius

Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius

Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius

Longinus, Caius Cethegus, Publius et Servius Sullse,

Longinus, Caius Cethegus, Publius. and Servius Syllce,

filli Servii, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius,

sons of Servius, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius,

Marcus Porcius Laeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius :

Marcus Porcius Laeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius

praeterea ex equestri . ordine, Marcus Fulvius

moreover of the equestrian order, Marcus Fulvius

Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito,

Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito,

Caius Cornelius; ad hoc, multi ex coloniis,

Caius Cornelius; to this (besides), many out-of the colonies,

et municipiis nobiles domi.

and municipal (towns) noble (men of distinction) at-home. (There)

Erant praeterea complures pauld occultius

were moreover many somewhat more-secretly

participes hujusce consilii, quos spes dominationis

partakers of this design, whom the hope of sway

hortabatur magis quam inopia aut alia necessitudo.

did encourage more than want or other obligation.

Caeterum pleraque juventus, sed maxumfc nobilium,

But most-of the youth, but chiefly of the nobles

favebat inceptis Catilinse. Quibus erat

did favour to the undertakings of Catiline. To whom (there) was

copia vivere in otio vel magnified,

(they who had) the opportunity to live in peace either magnificently,

vel molliter, malebant incerta

or softly (indulgently), they had-rather uncertain (things)

pro certis, bellum quam pacem. Fuere item

for certain, war than peace. (There) were likewise

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32 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

e& tempestate, qui crederent Marcum

in that time (some), who would believe (did believe) Marcus

Licinium Crassum non fuisse ignarum ejus

Licinius Crass us not to have been ignorant of that

consilii : quia Cneius Pompeius, invisus sibi,

design because Cneius Poinpey, odious to him,

ductabat magnum exercitum ; voluisse

did often-lead a great army; to have willed (that be wished)

opes cujusvis crescere contra potentiam illius:

the resources of any-one to increase against the power of him

simul confisum, si conjuratio valuisset

at-the-same-time having trusted, if the conspiracy might have prevailed

se fore facile*
(had prevailed), himself to be about-to-be (that be would be) easily

principem apud illos.

chief among them.

Sed antea item pauci conjuravere in quibus

But before also a few conspired in (amongst) whom
Catilina: de qu& dicam quam
(was) Catiline of which (conspiracy) I shall speak as

verissume potero. Lucio Tullo, Marco Lepido

most-truly I-shall-be-able. Lucius Tullus, Marcus Lepidus (being)

consulibus, Publius Autronius, et Publius Sylla,

consuls, Publius Autronius, and Publius Sylla,

consules designati interrogati legibus

the consuls intended (elect) having been-questioned (tried) by the laws

ambitfis, dederant poenas. Paulo-post

of bribery, had given (suffered) punishments. A little-after
Catilina reus pecuniarum repetundarum
Catiline guilty (accused) of moneys to be re-demanded (of extor-

erat-prohibitus petere consulatum ; quod

tion) was prevented to seek the consulate; because

nequiverit profited intra

he had not-been -able to declare (enter his name as candidate) within

legitimos dies. Erat eodem tempore nobilis

the legitimate days. (There) was at-the-same time a noble

adolescens, Cneius Piso, summae audaciae, egens,

young-man, Cneius Piso, of the utmost boldness, needing,

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 83

factiosus, quern inopia atque mali mores

factious, whom want and bad morals (principles)

stimulabant ad rempublicam perturbandam.

did stimulate to the republic to-be-disturbed (to disturb the

Consilio communicato, cum

republic). (Their) design having been imparted (to each other), with

hoc, Catilina et Autronius, circiter nonas

this (youth), Catiline and Autronius, about the nones (the fifth)

Decetnbris, parabant interficere Lucium Cottam et

of December, did prepare to kill Lucius Cotta, and

Lucium Torquatum, consules, in capitolio, kalendis

Lucius Torquatus, the consuls, in the capitol, on the kalends

Januarii; ipsi, fascibus correptis,

(the first) of January ; themselves, the fasces having been seised

mittere Pisonem cum exercitu ad

(by them), (prepared) to send Piso with an army to

duas Hispanias obtinendas.

the two Spains to-be-possessed (to take possession of the two

E& re cognita, rursus transtulerunt

Spains). That thing having been known, again they transferred

consilium caedis in nonas

(deferred) (their) design of murder to the nones (the fifth)

Februarii. Jam, turn machinabantur perniciem

of February. Now, at- that- time they did plan destruction

non modo consulibus, sed plerisque senatoribus.

not only for the consuls, but most-of the senators.

Qudd, pessimum facinus foret patratum eo die

But, the worst act would be committed on that day

post urbem Romam conditam,

since the city Rome having been built, [foundation of the city],

ni Catilina maturasset
unless Catiline might have hastened (had not Catiline been too hasty)

dare signum sociis pro curia. Quia

to give the signal to (his) companions before the senate-house. Because

armati nondum-convenerant frequentes,

armed (men) had-not-as-yet assembled numerous (in numbers),

6a res diremit consilium. Postea Piso

that thing broke- off (their) design. Afterwards Piso

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84 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

missus-est quaestor pro Praetore

was sent (as) treasurer for Pretor (with the authority of Pretor)

in citeriorem Hispaniam, Crasso adnitente;

to hither Spain, Crassus exerting (using his in-

quod cognoverat eum . infestum Cneio

terest) j because he had known him hostile to Cneius

Pompeio: tamen, senatus neque invitus dederat

Pompey however, the senate neither reluctant had given

provinciam qtrippe
the province: [the senate willingly gave him the province] for

volebat foedum hominem abesse procul

it (they) did will a disgraceful man to be -absent a t-a-di stance

k republic^: simul quia complures boni

from the republic : at-the-same-time because many good (men)

putabant praesidium in eo, et jam-turn potentia

did suppose a protection (to be) in him, and even-then the power

Cneii Pompeii erat formidolosa. Sed is Piso, faciens

Pompey was
of Cneius formidable. But that Piso, making

iter in provinciam occisus-est ab

a journey (on his march) into the province was-killed by

Hispanis equitibus, quos ductabat in exercitu.

Spanish cavalry, whom he did lead -often in (his) army.

Sunt qui ita-dicant

[That he had in his army], (There) are (those) who thus may say

barbaros nequivisse
(who say) [that] the barbarians to have been-unable [were unable]

pati injusta, superba, crudelia imperia

to endure the unjust (unreasonable), proud, cruel orders

ejus: autem alii illos equites, veteres que

of him : but others (say that) those horsemen, old and

fidos clientes Cneii Pompeii, aggressos

faithful dependants of Cneius Pompey, having attacked (attacked)

Pisonem voluntate ejus: praeterea Hispanos

Piso by the will ofhim (Pompey) v moreover the Spaniards

nunquam fecisse tale facinus, sed antea

never to have done (did) such a crime, but before- this

perpessos multa saeva imperia. Nos relinquimus

having endured many harsh commands. We leave

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 85

earn rem in medio Dictum

that thing in the middle (undetermined). (It has been) said

satis de superiori
sufficiently (sufficient has been said) concerning the former

conjuratione.
conspiracy.

Catilina, ubi videt eos, quos memoravi antS,

Catiline, when he sees those, whom I have mentioned before,

convenisse, tametsi saepe-egerat multa

to have assembled, although he had-often-transacted many (things)

cum singulis, tamen credens fore in

with each (of them), yet believing to-be-about-to-be to

rem appellare et cohortari universos

the thing (purpose) to address and encourage all

secessit in abditam partem sedium; .

(collectively), retired into a secret part of the houses

atque, omnibus arbitris amotis procul,

(house); and, all witnesses removed at-a-distance,

habuit ibi orationem hujuscemodi:

had (delivered) there a speech of-this-kind

Ni vestra virtus que fides foret satis

Unless your valour and faith might be (were) sufficiently

spectata mihi, opportuna res

beheld (tried) to (by) me, (this) favourable thing

cecidisset nequicquam: magna spes

would have happened to-no-purpose : [the] great hope

dominationis fuisset frustra in manibus:

of ascendency would have been in-vain in (your) hands

neque captarem incerta pro certis,

neither would I grasp-at uncertain (things) instead-of certain,

per ignaviam aut vana ingenia. Sed quia

through indolence or fickle dispositions. But because

cognovi vos fortes que fidos mihi, multis et

I have experienced you brave and faithful to me, on many and

magnis tempestatibus ; e6 animus ausus-est

great occasions; on-that-account (my) mind has dared

incipere maxumum atque pulcherrumum

to begin (undertake) the greatest and most-glorious

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86 SALLUSTH CATILINA.

facinus; simul quia intellexi eadem

enterprise; at-the-same-time because I perceived the same (things)

esse bona que mala vobis, quae mihi. Nam,

to be good and bad to you, which (are so) to me. For,

velle idem, atque nolle idem, ea est demum

to will the same, and not-to-will the same, this is finally

firma amicitia. Sed omnes jam-antea diversi

firm friendship. But (you) all already different

audistis, quae ego agitavi

(separately) have heard (the things) which I have agitated in (my)

mente. Caeterum animus accenditur magis in dies,

mind. But (ray) mind is inflamed more on days

cim considero quae sit futura conditio

(daily), when I consider what may be the future condition

vitae, nisi vindicamus nosmetipsos

of (our) life, unless we vindicate ourselves (assert our rights)

in libertatem. Nam, postquam respublica concessit

to liberty. For, after the republio yielded

in jus atque ditionem paucorum potentium,

into the rule and authority of a few powerful (persons),

reges, tetrarchae esse semper vectigales illis

kings, [and] tetrarchs (began) to be always tributary to them

populi, nationes pendere stipendia:

peoples (people), [and] .
nations to pay taxes [to them] : (we)

omnes caeteri strenui, boni, nobiles atque ignobiles

all the rest strenuous, good, noble and ignoble

fuimus vulgus, sine gratid, sine auctoritate,

have been a rabble, without favour (interest), without authority,

obnoxii his quibus, si respublica valeret,

subservient to those to whom, if the republio might prevail

essemus formidini. Itaque omnis gratia,

(prevailed), we should be for a terror. Therefore all interest,

potentia, honos, divitiae sunt apud illos, aut ubi

power, honour, riches are at (with) them, or where

volunt: reliquerunt nobis pericula, repulsas, judicia,

they will: they have left to us dangers, repulses, trials,

egestatem. Quae quousque-tandem, fortissimi

want. Which (things) how-long, bravest

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BALLtTSTn CATILINA. 8T

viri, patiemini? Nonne-praestat emori per

men, will ye endure ? Is-it-not-better to die by
virtutem, qu&m amittere miseram atque inhonestam
valour, than to lose a wretched and dishonourable

vitam per dedecus, ubi fueris

life by disgrace, when thou may est have been (hast been)

ludibrio alienae superbiae? Verfim

for a laughing-stock to strange (another's) pride? But

enimvero, pr6 fidem deum atque hominum, victoria

truly, faith of god* and of men, victory

est nobis in manu; aetas viget,

is to ut in hand, [in our possession] ;
(our) age flourishes, (our)

animus valet: contri omnia consenuerunt

mind prevails: on-the-other-hand all (things) have-grown -old

illis annis atque divitiis. Est opus tantummodo

to them in years and riches. (There) is need only

incepto, res expediet caetera.

for a beginning, thing (the matter itself) will prepare the rest

Etenim quis mortalium, cui est virile

For who of mortals, to whom (there) is a manly

ingenium, potest tolerare divitias superare illis,

disposition, can endure riches to abound to them,

quas profundunt in exstruendo

[them to abound in riches], which they squander in building

mari, et montibus coaequandis,

(narrowing) the sea, and mountains to-be-levelled (in levelling moun-

familiarem rem deesse nobis etiam

tains), private thing (property) to-be- wan ting to us even

ad necessaria.
to (for) necessary (matters). [While we want the necessaries of life].

Illos continuare binas domos aut

(Who can endure) those to extend two (united) houses or

amplius ullum familiarem larem

more [in one] : any private household-god (abode)

nusquam nobis?
no-where to-us? [While we have no where a home of our own].

Gum emunt tabulas, signa, toreumata diruunt

When they buy pictures, statues, chased- vessels (plate), pull-down

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88 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

nova, adificant alia: postrem6, trahunt,

new (buildingi), build others finally, draw (consume), :

vexant pecuniam omnibus modis; tamen

torture money [squander money] in all manners ; yet

nequeunt vincere suas divitias summS lubidine.

are-unable to exceed their riches by the utmost extravagance

At inopia est nobis domi, alienum-ses

(of expenditure). But want is to-us at-home, debt

foris, res mala, spes multo asperior.

abroad, thing (our situation) bad, hope by-much rougher (worse).

Denique, quid reliqui habemus

Finally, what of remaining have-we (what hare we left)

prater miseram animatn? Quin igitur

except a wretched life ? But therefore

expergiscimini ? En! ilia, ilia lihertas, quam

do ye awake ? •
Lo ! that, that liberty, whioh

optastis saepe; praeterea diviti», decus, gloria,

you hare wished-for often ; besides riches, honour, glory,

sita-sunt in oculis: fortuna posuit omnia ea

are-placed in eyes (view) : fortune has placed all those (as)

pramia victoribus. Res, tempus,

rewards to the conquerors. The thing (circumstance), time,

pericula, egestas, magnifica spolia belli hortentur

dangers, want, the magnificent spoils of war may exhort
vos magis qukm mea oratio. Utemini me vel
you more than my speech. Ye shall use me either (as)

imperatore vel milite : neque animus neque

general or (fellow) soldier: neither (my) mind nor

corpus aberit & vobis. Consul agam, ut

body shall be-absent from you. (As) consul I shall-do, as

spero, hsec ipsa uni vobiscum: nisi forti

I hope, those very (things) together with you : unless by chance
animus fallit me, et vos parati-estis
(my) mind deceive me, and you have been prepared (disposed)

servire magis quam imperare.

to serve rather than to command.

Postquam homines accepere ea,

After the men received (heard) those (things),

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 89

quibus omnia mala erant abundfc, Bed neque res

towhom all evil* were abundantly, bat neither thing

neque ulla bona apes: tametsi videbatur

(property) nor any good hope : although it did seem

illis magna merces movere quieta; tamen

to them a great reward to more quiet (things); notwithstanding

plerique postulare uti proponeret, quae

many (began) to require that he would propose, what

foret conditio belli: quae praemia peterent

would bo the condition of war : what rewards they might seek

armis: quid que ubi opis aut spei haberent.

by arms : what and where of resource or of hope they might have.

Turn Gatilina polliceri novas tabulae

Then Catiline (began) to promise new tablets (a remission of

proscriptionem locupletium, magistrates,

debts), a proscription of the wealthy, magistrates,

sacerdotia, rapinas, omnia alia quae bellum

priesthoods, rapines, aU other (things) which war
atque lubido victorum fert: praeterea,
and [the] lust of conquerors bears (brings) : moreover,

Pisonem esse in citeriore Hispanift, Publium

[that] Piso to be (was) in hither Spain, Publius

Sittium Nucerinum cum exercitu in Mauritania,

Sittius Nucerinus with an army in Mauritania,

participes sui consilii Oaium Antonium

partakers of his design : [that] Cains Antony

petere consulatum, quern speraret

to seek [sought] the consulship, whom he would hope (he hoped)

fore collegam sibi, hominem et

to-be-about-to-be [would be a] colleague to himself, a man and
familiarem et circumventum omnibus
(both) familiar and beset by all

necessitudinibus
obligations : [his familiar acquaintance, and under many obligations to

se consulem facturum
him] : himself (Catiline) consul about-to-make (would make)

initium agendi cum eo. Ad-hoc increpabat

a beginning of acting with him. Besides be did revile

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40 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

maledictis omnes bonos: nominans

[with imprecations] all good (men): naming

unumquemque suorum, laudare, admonere

each of his own, (he began) to praise (him), to remind

alium egestatis, alium suae cupiditatis,

one of (his) poverty, another of h\p desire,
|

complures periculi aut ignominise, multos Sullanse'

many of danger or disgrace, many of the Syllanian
victories, quibus ea fuerat praedse. Postquam
of yictory9 to whom that had been for booty. After

videt animos omnium alacris (alacres) ; cohortatus,

he sees the minds of all cheerful; having exhorted

ut haberent suam petitionem

(them), that they would have his petition (canvass)

curae,
for a concern, [that they would exert themselves in his canvass for the con-

dimisit conventum. Fuere e& tempestate,

sulship], he dismissed the assembly. There have been at that time,

qui dicerent Catilinam, oratione

(those) who might say (snid) [that] Catiline, the speech

habits, circumtnlisse in pateris

having been delivered, to have cnrried-about [carried about] in goblets

sanguinem humani corporis, permixtum vino cum

the blood of a human body, [mingled with wine] when

adigeret populares sui sceleris ad

he would force the accomplices of his wickedness to

jusjurandum; inde cftm omnes degustavissent

an oath; then when all might have tasted (bad tasted)

post exsecrationem, sicuti consuevit fieri in

after the execration (oath), as has been-wont to be done in

solemnibus sacris, aperuisse suum consilium;

solemn sacred-rites, to have disclosed [his] design

atque dictitare fecisse

and to say -frequently [that they frequently said] to have done

eo, quo forent magis

(that he did it) for-this-purposo, in-order-that they might be more

fidi inter se, conscii alius alii tanti

faithful among themselves, (being) conscious one to another of so-great

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 41

facinoris. Nonnulli existumabant et haec,

a crime. Some did think and (both) these (things),

et multa praeterea ficta ab iis, qui credebant

and many besides feigned by those, who did believe

invidiam Ciceronis, quae postea

the envy (hatred) of (against) Cicero, which afterwards

orta-est, leniri atrocitate sceleris eorum,

arose, to be assuaged by the heinousness of the wickedness of those,

qui dederant poenas. Ea res comperta-est

who had given (suffered) punishments. That thing has been found-out
nobis parum pro
[to us] little (insufficiently) for (in proportion to) (its)

magnitudine.
greatness. [The proof seems not to ns sufficient to decide in so weighty

Sed Quintus Curius fuit in e&

an accusation]. But Quintus Curius was in that

conjuratione, natus haud obscuro loco,

conspiracy, born not in obscure place (honourably de-

coopertus flagitiis atque facinoribus; quern

scended), overwhelmed with villanies and crimes; whom
censores amoverant senatu gratis probri.
the censors had expelled from the senate on- account of disgrace.

Non minor vanitas qu&m audacia

No less vanity [and indiscretion] than boldness

inerat huic homini: neque reticere

was-in [appertained] to this man [nor] to keep-secret

quae ipse audierat, neque

[could he keep secret] what (things) he had heard, nor

occultare suamet scelera; prorsus

to conceal [nor could he conceal] his-own orimes ; [nor in-short

habebat quicquam pensi neque dicere neque facere.

had-he any care neither to say nor to do.]

Vetus consuetudo
[In short he cared not what he said or did]. An old % habit

stupri erat ei cum FulviS, nobili muliere, cui

of intrigue was to him with Fulvia, a noble woman, to whom
ciim esset minus gratus, quod minils-poterat
when he might be (he was) less agreeable, because he-was-less-able
4*

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42 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

largiri inopia, repentS glorians, pollioori

to bestow from poverty, suddenly boasting, (he began) to promise

maria que montes, interdum

seas and mountains, (to make great promises), sometimes

minari ferro ni foret obnoxia

to threaten with iron (the sword), unless she would-be compliant

sibi : postremo, agitare ferocius qu&m solitus-erat.

to him : in-fino, to-act more-rudely than he had been-wont

At Fulvia, causfi insolentiae Gurii cognitfi,

But Fulvia, the cause of the rudeness of Curiua having been known,

habuit non occultum tale periculum reipublicae: sed

kept not secret such danger to the republic : but

auctore sublato, narravit compluribus quae,

the author having been suppressed, ^related to many what,

quo modo, audierat de conjuratione

(and) in what manner, she had heard of the conspiracy

Catilinae. Ea res imprimis accendit studia

of Catiline. That thing chiefly kindled the zeals (zeal)

hominum ad consulatum mandandum Marco Tullio

of men to the consulship to-be-committed to Marcus Tullius

Ciceroni. Namque antea

Cicero. [To elect Cicero to the consulship]. For before

pleraque nobilitas sestuabat invidiS, et credebat*

most-of the nobility did boil with envy, and did believe

consulatum quasi pollui, si novus homo

the consulship as-if to be defiled, if a new man (a person not

adeptus-foret eum. Sed nbi periculum

noble) should have obtained it. But when danger

advenit, invidia atque superbia post-fuere.

approached, envy and pride were postponed (of secondary

Igitur comitiis -habitis, Marcus

consideration). Therefore elections having-been-held, Marcus

Tullius et Caius Antonius declarantur consules.

Tullius and Caius Antony are declared consuls.

Quod factum primd concusserat populares

Which deed first had shaken the accomplices

oonjurationis. Tamen furor Catilin» neque

of the conspiracy. However the rage eX Catiline neither

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SALLU8TII CATILIXA. 43

minuebatur; sed agitare plura in-dies;

was diminished ; but (he began) to agitate more (things) every-day;

parare arma opportunis locis per Italiam;

to prepare arms inconvenient places through Italy;

portare mutuam pecuniam sumptam su& aut

to convey borrowed money taken on his-own or

fide amicorum, Faesulas, ad quemdam Manlium;

the credit of friends, to FdBsulse, to a certain Munlius;

qui postea fuit princeps belli faciundi.

who afterwards was chief of the war to-be- made (of making

Dicitur e& tempestate adscivisse plurimos

war). He is said at that time to have attached very-many

homines cujuscunque generis sibi; etiam aliquot

men of every kind to himself; also some

mulieres, quae primd toleraverant ingentis (ingentes)

women, who first had supported great

sumptus stupro corporis; post ubi aetas fecerat

expenses by prostitution of body ; afterwards when age had made

modum tantummodo quaestui, neque luxuriae,

a bound only to gain, and-not to luxury,

conflaverant grande alienum-aes. Catilina

they had contracted a great debt. Catiline

credebat se posse per eas solicitare urbana

did believe himself to be able through these to stir-up city

servitia incendere urbem, vel adjungere

slaveries (slaves) to burn the city, or to attach [them]

sibi, vel interficere viros earum. Sed in his

to him, or to murder the husbands of them. Bat among these

erat Sempronia, quae saepe commiserat multa facinora

was Sempronia, who often had committed many acts

virilis audaciae. Haec mulier fuit satis fortunata

of manly boldness. This woman was sufficiently happy

gencre atque form&, praeterea viro et liberis:

in lineage and beauty, moreover in a husband and children

docta Graecis * et Latinis literis psallere,

learned in Greek and Latin letters (literature) : to sing,

saltare eleganti&s qu&m est

«o dance [she could sing and dance] more-gracefully than is

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44 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

necesse probae: * multa ilia quae

necessary for a chaste (lady) : (she knew) many other (things) which

sunt instrumenta luxuriae: sed omnia

are instruments of luxury : hut all (things) (were)

semper cariora ei quam fuit decus atque pudicitia.

always dearer to her than was honour and chastity.

Discerneres haudfacilfe an parceret minus

Thou couldst determine not easily whether she would spare less

pecuniae an famae; sic accensa lubidine ut

to money or character; so inflamed with lust that

peteret viros saepms quam peteretur.

she would seek men oftener than she would he sought (by them).

Sed ea s«p& antehac prodiderat fidem, abjuraverat

But she often before-this had betrayed faith, had forsworn

creditum, fuerat conscia caedis, abierat

credit (trust), had been guilty of murder, had gone

praeceps luxurifi atque inopifi. Verum

headlong [into ruin] by luxury and by want. But
ingenium ejus haud absurdum:
the understanding of her (was) not foolish (despicable)

posse facere versus, movere jocum;

to be-able [she could] to make verses, to move (excite) jest

uti vel modesto, vel molli, vel procaci sermone.

to use either modest, or delicate, or wanton discourse.

Prorsus, multae facetiae que multus lepos inerat

Altogether, many pleasantries and much wit was-in

His rebus comparatis, Catilina nihilominus

(her). Those things having been provided, Catiline nevertheless

petebat consulatum in ^roxumum annum; sperans,

did seek the consulship for the next year; hoping,.

si foret designatus, se usurum facilfe

if he might be elected, [that] himself about-to-use easily

Antonio ex voluntate.
(would easily manage) Antony acoording-to (his) will.

Neque interea erat quietus, sed parabat insidias

Neither mean-time was-he quiet, but did prepare snares

Ciceroni omnibus modis. Tamen, dolus aut astutiaa

for Oiceri in all manners. However, craft or wiles

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•ALLUSTII CATILINA. 45

neque-deerant illi ad-cavendum. Namque &

were-not-wanting to him to-beware. For from

principio sui consulates, effecerat, pollicendo

the beginning of bis consulship, he had effected, by promising

multa per Fulviam, ut Quintus Curius, de

many (things) through Fulvia, that Quintus Curius, of

quo memoravi paulo ant&, proderet consilia

whom I have recorded (spoken) a little before, might betray the designs

Catilinae sibi. Ad-hoc perpulerat suum collegam

of Catiline to him. Besides he had forced his colleague

Antonium pactione provinciae,

Antony by the agreement (promise) of a province,

ne-sentiret contra rempublicam:

that he would not-feel (entertain ill-will) against the republic

habebat occulta praesidia amicorum atque clientium

he did have secretly guards of friends and dependants

circum se. Postquam dies comitiorum venit, et

about himself. When the day of elections came, and

neque petitio Catilinse, neque insidiae quas fecerat

neither the suit of Catiline, nor the snares which he had made

consuli cess&re prosper^, constituit facere bellum

for the consul resulted favourably, he resolved to make war

et experiri omnia extrema, quoniam, quae

and to try all extreme (things), since, what (things)

tentaverat occulta, evenerant aspera que foeda.

he had tried secretly, had happened rough and disgraceful.

Igitur dimisit Caium Manlium Faesulas,

Therefore he dismissed (sent) Caius Manlius (to) Faesulas,

atque in earn partem Etruriae, quemdam Septimium,

and to that part of Etruria, a certain Septimius,

Camertem in Picenum agrum, Caium Julium in

a Camertian to the Picene land, Caius Julius to

Apuliam, praeterea alium alio, quem que ubi

Apulia, moreover another to-another-place, whom and where

credebat fore opportunum sibi. Interea

he did believe to-be-about-to-be suitable to himself. Mean-time

moliri multa Romae simul:

(he began) to contrive many (things) at Rome at-the-same-time

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46 SALLtJSTII CATILINA. ' ,

tendere insidias consuli; parare incendia;

to lay snares for the consul ; to prepare burnings 5

obsidere opportuna loca armatis hominibus

to block-up convenient places with armed men
ipse esse cum telo, item jubere alios,
himself to be with a weapon, also to order others, [he himself was

hortari uti essent

armed, and ordered others to be so], to exhort that they might be

semper intenti que parati; festinare dies que

always intent and prepared ; to hasten days and

noctes vigilare
nights [he was actively employed day and night] j to watch

fatigari neque insomniis (pi.) neque labore.

to be fatigued neither by-want-of-sleep nor by labour.

Postremo, ubi nihil proeedit agitanti multa,

Finally, when nothing succeeds [with him] projecting many
rursus convocat •principes conjurationis
(things), again he assembles the chiefs of the conspiracy

intempestft nocte, per Marcum Porcium Lrecam,

in untimely night, through Marcus Porcius Laeca,

que ibi questus multa de ignavi£ eorum,

and there having complained many (much) of the indolence of them,

docet se praemisisse Manlium

he informs (them) himself to-have-sent-before (despatched) Manlius

ad earn multitudinem, quam paraverat ad arma

to that multitude, which he had prepared to arms

capiunda; item alios in alia opportuna

to-be-taken (to take arms) ; also others to other convenient

loca, qui facerent initium belli; que se

places, who might make (to make) a beginning of war; and himself

cupere proficisci ad exercitum, si

to desire [that he desired] to-set-out to the army, if he might

oppressisset Ciceronem prius: eum

have (had) destroyed Cicero before : him (Cicero)

officere mult&m suis consiliis.

to obstruct much to his designs. [If he could destroy Cicero before

Igitur,
he departed, as Cicero obstructed him much in his designs]. Therefore,

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 47

ceteris perterritis ac dubitantibus, Caius

the rest having heen affrighted and hesitating, Gains

Cornelius, Romanus eques, pollicitus suam operam,

Cornelius, a Roman knight, having promised [his] assistance,

et cum eo Lucius Vargunteius, senator,

and with him Lncins Vargunteius, a senator, [they]

constitute e& nocte pauld post, introire cum

appointed on that night a little after, to go-in with

armatis hominibus ad Ciceronem, sicuti salutatum,

armed men to Cicero, as [if] to salute

et confodere de-improviso imparatum,

[him], and to stab on-a-sudden (him) nnprepared,

suae domi. Curius, ubi intelligit quantum

at his-own house. Curius, when he understands how-great

periculum impendeat consuli, proper^ enunciat

danger may depend (impends) to the consul, hastily declares

Ciceroni per Fulviam, dolum qui parabatur. Ita

to Cicero through Fulvia, the plot which was prepared. Thus

illi probibiti janu&, susceperant tantum

they having been prohibited from the gate, had-undertaken so-great

facinus frustrd,. Interea Manlius solicitare

a crime in-vain. Mean-time Manlius (began) to. solicit

plebem in Etruri&, cupidam

(excite to insurrection) the commonalty in Etruria, desirous

novarum rerum simul egestate, ac

of new things (a revolution) at-the-same-time from want, and

dolore injuria: quod amiserat

resentment of injury : because (the common people) had lost (their)

agros que omnia bona dominatione Sullae;

lands and all (their) goods by the usurpation of Sylla;

praeterea latrones cujuscunque generis, quorum

moreover robbers of every kind, of whom
magna copia erat in e& regione, nonnullos
a great plenty (number) was in that region, [also] some

ex Sullanis colonis, quibus lubido atque luxuria

of the Syllanian colonists, to whom lust and luxury

fecerant nihil reliqui ex magnis rapinis.

made nothing remaining (left nothing) out-of great plunders.

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 48 iALLUBTII CATILINA.

Cfim ea nunciarentur Ciceroni, permotus

When thoso (things) might be (were) told to Cicero, much-disturbed

ancipiti malo, quod neque-poterat longi&s tueri

by the double evil, because he was-not-able louger to protect

urbem ab insidiis privato consilio,

the city from stratagems by private contrivance, [vigilance],

neque habebat satis compertum quantus exercitus

neither had he sufficiently found-out how-great the army

Manlii foret, aut quo consilio;

of Manlius might-be (was), or with what design ;
[what was its do-

refert rem ad senatum, exagitatam

sign] ; he refers the matter to the senate, harassed (canvassed)

jam antea rumoribus vulgi. Itaque senatus

even before by the rumours of the mob. Therefore the senate

decrevit quod solet plerumque in atroci negotio,

decreed what is-wont generally in [an atrocious] business,

consules darent operam,

[in a dangerous emergency], (that) the consuls should give exertion,

ne respublica caperet quid detrimenti. Ea

lest the republic should take any of injury. That

maxuma potestas permittitur magistratui

very -great power is allowed to a (supreme) magistrate

per senatum, Romano more, parare exercitum,

by the senate, by Roman custom, to prepare an army,

gerere bellum, coercere socios atque cives omnibus

to carry -on war, to coerce allies and citizens in all

modis: habere summum imperium atque judicium

manners : to have the chief government and judgment

domi que militise. Aliter jus earum

(civil rule) at-home and abroad. Otherwise privilege of those

rerum est nulli consuli sine jussu populi.

things is to no consul without command of the people.

.. Post paucos dies, Lucius Senius, senator, recitabat

After a few days, Lucius Senius, a senator, did read-aloud

in senatu literas quas dicebat

in tho senate letters (a letter), which he did say (to have been)

allatas sibi Faesulis, in quibus erat scriptum,

brought to him from FsssoIsb, in which was written, [thai]

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Caium Manlium cepisse arma cum magnft

Cains Man lias s
to have taken [had taken] arms with a great

multitudine ante sextam diem kalendarum

multitude before the sixth day of the calends

Novembris. Simul id quod solet

of November (27th October). At-the-same-time that which is-usual

in tali re, alii nunciabant portenta atque

in *such thing (a case), some did announce omens and

prodigia; alii conventus fieri, arma portari,

prodigies ; others assemblies to be made (held), arms to bo conveyed,

servile bellum moveri Capuae atque in ApuliS.

a servile war to be excited at Capua and in Apulia.

Igitur decreto senati, missi Quintus Marcius

Therefore by a decree of the senate, were sent Quintus Marcius

Rex Faesulas ; Q. Metellus Greticus in Apuliam

Rex to FsBSulse; Quintius Metellus Creticus into Apulia

que ea loca circihn. Hi utrique erant imperatores

and those places around. These both were generals

ad urbem ; impediti ne triumpharent calumnia*

to (near) the city ; prevented lest they might triumph by the calumny

paucorum,
of a few, [both these were generals, without the walls of the city, pre-

quibus
vented by the calumnies of a few, from having their triumph], towhom
mos erat vendere omnia, honesta atque
custom was to sell all (things), honourable and

inhonesta. Sed praetores Quintus Pompeius

dishonourable. But the pretors (were sent) Quintus Pompeius

Rufus Capuam, Quintus Metellus Celer in Picenmm

Rufns to Capua, Quintus Metellus Celer to the Picene

agrum : que permissum his, uti compararent

land and (it was) allowed to these, that they might levy

exercitum pro tempore atque periculo. Ad-hoc

an army according-to time and danger. Besides

si quis indic&sset de
(they decreed) if any-one should have informed (had informed) of

conjuratione quae facta-erat contra rempublicam,

the conspiracy which was made against the republic,

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50 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

praemium, libertatem serto, et H. S. C.

a reward, (viz*) freedom to a slave, and a hundred-thousand

(centum sestertia) ; libero impunitatem ejus rei

sesterces to a free-man impunity of that thing

et H. S. C. C. (ducenta sestertia) ;
que item
and two-hundred-thousand sesterces; and also

decrevere, uti gladiatoriae familiae distribuerentur

they decreed, that the gladiator families should be distributed

Capuam, et in caetera municipia, pro

to Capua, and into other municipal-towns, ace or ding -to

opibiis cujusque ; vigiliae haberentur

the resources (strength) of each; watches should be kept

per totam urbem Romae, que minores

throughout the whole city of Rome, and the inferior

magistratus praeessent eis. Quibus rebus civitas

magistrates should preside-over them. By which things the state
erat permota atque facies urbis immutata:
was disturbed and the appearance of the city changed

tristitia repent^ invasit omnis (omnes) ex summa

sadness suddenly invaded all after the utmost

laetitia atque lascivia, quae diuturna quies

rejoicing and sportiveness, which a long peace

pepererat. Festinare, trepidare, neque

had produced. (They began) to hasten, to tremble, neither

satis credere cuiquam loco neque homini: neque

sufficiently to trust to any place nor man neither :

gerere bellum, neque habere pacem: quisque

to carry-on war, nor to have peace every-one

mfitiri pericula suo metu. Ad-hoc mulieres,

to measure dangers by his-own fear. Besides the women,

quibus pro magnitudine reipublicae insolitus timor

to whom [for the greatness of the republic] an unusual fear

belli incesserat, afflictare sese; tendere

of war had attacked, (began) to afflict themselves; to stretch

supplices manus ad coelum ; misereri parvos

suppliant hands to heaven ; to compassionate (their) little

liberos; rogitare; pavere omnia, superbifi

children; to ask-frequently ; to dread all (things), pride

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SALLUSTH CATILINA. 51

atque deliciis omissis, diffidere sibi que

and refinements being left-aside, to distrust for themselves and

patriae. At crudelis animus

country. [They distrusted every thing]. But the cruel mind

Catilinae movebat ilia eadem, tametsi praesidia

of Catiline did project those same (things), although guards

parabantur, et ipse interrogatus-erat ab Lucio

were prepared, and himself had been impeached by Lucius

Paulus Plauti& lege: postrenal, venit in senatum,

Paulus (on) the Plautian law lastly, he came into the senate,

caus& dissimulandi, et quasi sui

by cause (for the sake) of dissembling, and as-it-were of-himself

expurgandi sicuti lacessitus-foret

to be-cleared (clearing himself) ; as -though he might be provoked (was pro-

jurgio. Turn Marcus Tullius consul, sive timens

voked) by defamation. Then Marcus Tullius the consul, either fearing

praesentiam ejus sive commotus ir&, habuit

the presence of him or being excited by anger, had (delivered)

orationem luculentam atque utilem reipublicae, quam

a speech brilliant and useful to the republic, which

postea edidit scriptam. Sed ubi ille assedit,

afterwards he published written. But when he sat-down,

Catilina, ut paratus-erat ad omnia dissimulanda

Catiline, as he had been prepared for all (things) to-be-dissemblcd

demisso vultu que

(to dissemble all things) (began) with down-cast countenance and

supplici voce postulare & Patribus

suppliant voice to request from the Fathers (senate) (that)

ne-crederent temerfe quid de Se;

they might not believe rashly any (thing) concerning him
ortum e£ familiS, ita instituisse
(being) sprung from that (such) family, so to have regulated (his)

vitam ab adolescentia,, ut haberet omnia bona

life from adolescence, that he might have all good

in spe : ne-existumarent opus esse sibi,

(things) in hope : they should not-think need to be to him,

patricio homing beneficia cujus ipsius atque

% patrician man, the favours of whom self and (his)

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52 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

majorum. essent plurima in Romanam

ancestors might be (were) very-many toward the Roman
plebem, republic^, perditft
commons, (of) the republic destroyed (of destroying the republic) ,

cum Marcus Tullius, inquilinus civis Romae,

when Marcus Tullius, an alien (adventitious) citizen of Rome,

servaret earn. Ad-huc, cum adderet alia

would preserve it. Moreover, when he- would add other

maledicta; omnes obstrepere, vocare hostem

revilings; all (began) to interrupt, to call (him) an enemy

atque parricidam. Turn ille furibundus, inquit,

and parricide. Then he raging, says,

" Quoniam quidem circumventus agor praeceps

" Since indeed beset I am driven headlong

ab inimicis, extinguam meum incendium

by (my) enemies, I will extinguish my burning [destruction]

ruina." Dein proripuit se domum ex

by (universal) ruin." Then he hurried himself home out- of

curi&: ipse volvens multa secum ibi,

the senate-house : he revolving many (things) with himself there,

quod neque insidiaa consuli procedebant,

because neither the stratagems for [against] the consul did succeed,

et intelligebat urbem munitam ab incendio

and he did understand the city (to be) secured from fire

yigiliis, credens optumum factu augere

by watches, believing (it) best to be done to increase (his)

exercitum, ac ante-capere multa quae forent

army, and to anticipate many (things) which might be

usui bello prius-qu&m legiones scriberentur,

to advantage forwar before-that the legions should be levied,

profectus-est intempestsi '

nocte cum paucis in
ho set-out in untimely (very -late) night with a few into

Manliana castra. Sed mandat Cethego, atque

the Manlian camp. But he commands to Cethegus, and

Lentulo que caeteris, promptam audaciam quorum

Lentulus and others, the ready boldness of whom
cognoverat, confirment opes
he had known, (that) they may strengthen (to strengthen) the resources

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factionis quibus rebus possent, maturent

of the faction by what things they might be-able, may hasten

insidias consuli, parent caedem,

(to hasten) snares for the consul, may prepare (to prepare) slaughter,

incendia, que alia facinora belli: sese

burnings, and other cruel-deeds of war: himself (to be)

accesstfcum propediem cum magno exercitu

about- to- approach shortly with a great army
ad urbem. Dum haec geruntur Romae,
to the city. Whilst these (things) are carried-on at Rome,

Gaius Manlius mittit legatos ex suo numero

Caiiis Manlius sends ambassadors out-of his-own number

ad Quintum Martium Regem cum mandatis hujusce-

to Quintus Martins Rex with commands of this-

modi.
kind.

Testamur deos que homines, imperator, nos

We attest gods and men, [0 commander,] us

cepisse arma neque contra

to have taken (that we have taken) arms neither against [our]

patriam, neque qud faceremus periculum aliis,

country, nor in-order-that we might make danger to others,

sed uti nostra corpora forent tuta ab injuriS:

but that our bodies might be safe from injury

qui miseri, egentes, plerique sumus expertes,

who wretched, needing, most (of us) *
are deprived,

violentia atque crudelitate foeneratorum, patriae,

by the violence and cruelty of usurers, (of) country,

sed omnes fam£ atque fortun&: neque

but all [from] of character and fortune and

licuit cuiquam nostrum, more majorum

has it been-lawful for any of us, in the manner of (our) ancestors

uti lege, neque habere liberum corpus,

to use the law, nor to have a free body (person), (our)

patrimonio amisso : tanta fuit sacvitia foene-

patrimony having been lost : so-great has been the cruelty of theusu

ratorum atque praetoris. Saepe majoreq

rers and pretor (chancellor). Often the ancestors'
5*

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54 S4LLUSTII CATILINA.

- vestrfim miseriti Romanae plebis, opitulati-sunt

of you having pitied the Roman commonalty, relieved

inopiae ejus suis decretis: ac propter magnitudinem

the want of it by their decrees : and on-account-of the magnitude

t alieni-aeris argentum solutum-est sere novissumfc,

of debt silver was-paid by brass very-lately,

yestrft memcrria, omnibus bonis volentibus".

inyour memory, all good (persons) willing (assenting).

Saepe plebes ipsa, permota aut studio

Often the commons themselves, influenced either by a zeal

dominandi aut superbi& magistratuum, secessit

of ruling or by the pride of the magistrates, seceded

armata a patribus. At nos petimus non imperium

armed from the fathers. But we seek not command
neque divitias, oausa quarum omnia bella atque
nor riches, on -account of which all wars and

certamina sunt inter mortalis (mortales): sed-

contests are among mortals: • but

libertatem, quam nemo bonus. amittit, nisi

liberty, which no good (man) loses, unless

Bimul cum anima. Obtestamur te atque senatum,

together with life. We conjure thee and the senate,

consulatis miseris civibus

(that) you may consult (that you provide) for wretched citizens

restituatis .
presidium legis, quod iniquitas
may restore (restore) the security of the law, which the iniquity

praetoris eripuit, neve-imponatis •

nobis
of the pretor has taken-away, and (that) you impose-not on us

necegsitudinem, ut quaeramus quonam modo

the necessity, that we may seek (to seek) in what manner
pereamus, ulti maxumfc nostrum sanguinenl.
we may perish, having avenged-chiefly bestf our blood

[after having sold our lives dearly].

Quintus Martius respondit ad haec, Si

Quintus Martius answered to these (things), If

vellent petere quid ab senatu,

they would [wished] to seek any (thing) from the senate,

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55

discedant ab armis, proficiscantur supplices Romam

they may depart from arms, may-set-out suppliant to Rome

[they should lay down their arms, and go as suppliants to Rome]:

senatum que Romanum populum

(he answers) [that] the senate • and Roman people

fuisse semper ea misericordia*

to have been always with (of) [always possessed] that pity

atque mansuetudine, ut nemo nnquam petiverit

and gentleness, that no-one ever may have sought
auxilium ab eo frustri. At Catilina ex
(has sought) aid from it in vain. But Catiline on

itinere mittit literas plerisque consularibus,

(his) journey sends letters to most consular-men,

praeterea cuique optumo:

moreover to each most excellent [and distinguished] (person)

se circumventum falsis criminibus, quoniam

himself being beset by false accusations, since

nequiverit resistere factioni

he may have been-unable (was unable) to withstand to the faction

inimicorum, proficisci Massiliam in exilium

of (his) enemies, to set-out to Massilia into banishment;

non quod esset conscius sibi tanti sceleris,

not because he might be conscious to himself of so-great a crime,

sed uti respublica foret quieta; ve ne seditio

. but that the republic might be peaceable ; or lest a sedition

oriretur ex sua contentione. Quintus Catulus

might arise out-of his dispute. Quintus Catulus

recitavit in senatu literas longS diversas ab

read-aloud in the senate letters (a letter) far different from

his; quas dicebat redditas sibi nomine

these (this) ; which he did say (to be) delivered to him in the name
Catilinae. Exemplum earum scriptum-est infril.
of Catiline. The copy of those (it) has been written beneath.

Lucius Catilina Quinto Catulo salutans. Tua egregia

Lucius Catiline to Quintus Catulus greeting. Thy excellent

fides, grata mihi, re cognita,

faith (honour), [so] agreeable to me, the thing having been known

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56 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

tribuit fiduciam meae

[and known to me by experience], has afforded a confidence to my

commendationi meis magnis periculis. Quamobrem

recommendationin my great dangers. Wherefore

statui non parare defensionem in novo

I have resolved nut to prepare a defence in (my) new

consilio: decrevi proponere satisfactionem ex

design : I have determined to propose satisfaction from

nulla conscientia de culpa, quae medius-fidius

no consciousness of fault, which by Jove's-son (Hercules)

licet recogffoscas mecum vera. Concitatus

it-is-lawful you may recognise with me (to be) true. Provoked

injuriis que contumeliis, qudd privatus

by injuries and insults, that having been deprived [that have

fructu laboris que meae industriae,

deprived me] (of) the fruit of [my] labour and my industry,

obtinebam non statum dignitatis,

I did possess not the station of dignity [and which prevented me
suscepi, pro
from obtaining the dignity of consul], I have undertaken, according-to

me£ consuetudine, publicam causam miserorum:

my custom, the public cause of the wretched

non quin possem solvere alienum-aes meis

not but I might be-able to discharge the debt in-my-own

nominibus ex possessionibus
names (on my own account) out-of (my) possessions

cum et liberalitas Aureliae Orestillae persolveret

when and (also) the liberalityofAurelia Orestilla would discharge

aliis nominibus,
(debt) under other names (the securities for his debts) [his surety-

suis que copiis

ship for the debts of others], from her-own and the resources of (her)

filiae : sed qu6d videbam non-dignos homines

daughter : but because I did see unworthy men
honestatos honore, que sentiebam me
dignified by honour (preferment), and did feel myself

alienatum falsfi suspicione. Hoc nomine

estranged by a false suspicion. With this name (consideration)

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 57

eecutus-sum satis honestas spes reliquae dignitatis

I hare-followed sufficiently honourable hopes of remaining dignity

conservandae pro
to-be-preserved (of preserving my remaining dignity) aecording-to

meo casu. Cum vellem scribere plura, nunciatum-est

my condition. When I would to write more, it has been told

vim parari mihi. Nunc

violence to be prepared (that violence was designed) for me. Now
commendo Orestillam tibi, que trado tuae fidei.
I commend Orestilla to thee, and I deliver (her) to thy honour.

Rogatus per tuos liberos defendas earn

Entreated by thy children (that) thou mayest defend her

ab injuria. Haveto.
from injury. Farewell.

Sed ipse, commoratus paucos dies apud Caium

But he, having delayed a few days with Caiua

Flaminium in Reatino agro, dum exornat armis

Flaminius in the Reatine land, whilst he furnishes with arms

vicinitatem antea solicitatam, contendit cum

the neighbourhood before stirred-up, hastens with

fascibus atque aliis insignibus imperii in castra

the fasces and other ensigns of authority to the camps

ad Manlium. Ubi haec comperta-sunt Romae,

to Manlius. When these (things) were found-out at Rome,

senatus judicat Catilinam et Manlium hostes ; statuit

the senate judges Catiline and Manlius enemies; appoints

diem caeterae multitudini, ante quam liceret

a day for the other multitude, before which it might be-lawful

discedere ab armis, sine fraude, praeter

to depart from arms, [without fraud] [with impunity], except

condemnatis capitalium rerum. Prae-

for (those) condemned of capital things (crimes). More-

terea decernit, uti consules habeant

over it (the senate) decrees, that the consuls may have (should hold)

delectum Antonius maturet persequi

a levy [that] Antony may (should) hasten to pursue

Catilinum cum exercitu; Cicero sit presidio

Catiline [with] an army; [that] Cicero be for a protection

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58 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

urbi. Imperium Romani

to the city [should protect the city]. The government of the Roman
populi visum-est mihi multd maxumfe miserabile
people has appeared to me by much the most pitiable

e& tempestate: cui cum omnia ab ortu

at that time to which when all (things) from [the] rising

ad occasum solis, domita armis, parerent;

to the setting of the sun, subdued by arms, might obey (obeyed)

otium atque divitiae, quae mortales putant prima,

leisure and riches, which mortals think the chief

adfluerent domi; fuere, tamen,

(blessings), might abound (abounded) at home ; there were, however,

cives, qui irent obstinatis animis perditum

citizens, who would go (went) with obstinate minds to destroy

que se que rempublicam. Namque neque

both themselves and the republic. For neither

quisquam omnium ex tant£ multitudine, duobus

any one of-all '*eut-of so-great a multitude, two

decretis senati, inductus praemio, patefacerat

decrees of the senate (existing), induced by reward, had discovered

conjurationem discesserat ex castris (pi)

the conspiracy, [or] had departed out-of the camp
Catilinae. Tanta vis morbi, atque uti tabes,
of Catiline. So-great a violence of disease, and as an infection,

invaserat plerosque animos civium. Neque mens

had seized most the minds of the citizens. Neither the mind

erat aliena solum illis, qui fuerunt conscii

was disaffected only to those, who were conscious (privy to)

conjurationis, sed cuncta plebes omnino probabat

of the conspiracy, but all the common-people altogether did approve

incepta Catilinae, studio novarum rerum.

the undertakings of Catiline, from a zeal of new things

Adeo videbatur facere

(a revolution). Thus it (the common-people) seemed to do

id suo more. Nam semper in civitate,

that from their custom. For always in a state, (they)

quibus nullse opes sunt, invident bonis, extollunt

towhom no resources are, envy the good, extol

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 59

malos, od§re Vetera, exoptant nova;

the bad, have hated (hate) old (things), wish-for new
student omnia mutari odio suarum
desire all (things) to be changed from a hatred of their-own

rerum, aluntur sine cur& turba, atque

things, are maintained without care in crowd (confusion), and

seditionibus : quoniam egestas retinetur facile sine

seditions since want is retained easily without

damno. Sed verd ea urbana

loss [poverty can lose nothing]. But indeed that city

plebes ierat prseceps de multis causis. Primum

commonalty had gone headlong for many causes. First

omnium qui ubique maxumfc prsestabant probro

of all (they) who [everywhere] chiefly did excel in infamy

atque petulanti&; item alii, patrimoniis amissis

and impudence; likewise others, (their) patrimonies having been lost

per dedecora; postremd, omnes quos flagitium aut

through digraces; lastly, all whom wickedness or

facinus expulerat domo ; * hi confluxerunt

crime had driven* out from home; these flowed-together

Romam, sicuti in sentinam. Dein multi memores

to Rome, as to a sewer. Then many mindful

Sullanse victorise, qudd videbant alios ex

of the Syllanian victory, because they did see others (some) of

gregariis militibus senatores; alios ita divites ut

the common soldiers senators ; others so rich that

agerent setatem regio victu atque

they might spend age (their life) with royal food and

cultu; quisque sperabat talia sibi ex

dress; every -one did hope such (things) for himself from

victoria, si foret in armis. Praeterea juventus,

victory, if he might be in arms. Besides the youth,

qua toleraverat inopiam in agris mercede

who has supported poverty in the fields by the reward

manuum, excita privatis atque publicis

of hands (manual labour), excited by private and publio

largitionibus, praetulerat urbanum otium ingrato

bribes, had preferred city ease to disagreeable

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60 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

labori. Publicum malum alebat eos atque omnia

labour. Tbo public calamity did maintain these and all

(omnes) alios. Qud est minus mirandum,

others (suoh). Wherefore it is less to-be-wondered-at,

egentis (egentes) homines, malis moribus,

[that] needy men, with bad principles,

maxum& spe consuluisse juxtii reipublicse ac

with the greatest hope to have consulted equally for the republio and

sibi.
themselves. [Had consulted their private interest as much as that of the

Praeterea pafentes quorum

republic]. Moreover . (those) the parents of whom (were)

pro8cripti victorifi Sullae, bona erepta,

proscribed in the victory of Sylla, (their) goods snatched-away, [and

jus liber tatis erat imminutum, exspectabant

the] privilege of liberty was impaired, did await

eventum belli haud sanS alio animo.

the issue of the war not indeed with other mind. [With like feelings].

Ad-hoc, quicumque erant aliarum partium atque

Besides, whosoever were of other factions than (that)

senatfis, malebant rempublicam conturbari quam

of the senate, had-rather the republio to be disturbed than

ipsi valere minds: aded id

they to prevail less : [should have less influence] : so that

malum reverterat in civitatem post multos annos.

evil had returned to the state after many years.

Nam postquam tribunitia potestas restituta-est,

For after the tribunician power was restored,

Cneio Pompeio et Marco Crasso consulibus,

Cneius Pompey and Marcus Crassus (being) consuls,

adolescentes homines nacti summam potestatem,

young men having obtained the highest power,

quibus ratas que animus erat ferox,

[the tribunician], to whom age and mind was fierce

coepere exagitare plebem criminando

(ardent), began to harass [agitate] the commons by accusing

senatum; dein incendere magis largiundo,

the senate ; (hen to inflame (them) more by bribing,

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6ALLUSTII CATILINA. 61

atque pollicitando ita ipsi

and by promising-often ; [by bribes and promises] ; thus they (began)

fieri clari que potentes. Pleraque nobilitas

to be made conspicuous and powerful. Most the nobility

nitebatur contra eos summ£ ope:

endeavoured against them with utmost might: [the greater part of the

sub specie
nobility strove against them with all their might]: under pretence

senates, pro su& magnitudine. Namque

of (for) the senate, (but) for their own greatness. For
uti absolvam verum paucis, quicumque
that I may despatch true (the truth) in a few (words), whosoever

agitavere rempublicam per ilia tempora,

harassed the republic during those times, (under)

honestis nominibus, alii sicuti defenderent

honourable names .
(pretences), some as-though they would defend

jura populi; pars qu6 auctoritas senatfis

the rights of the people; part iD -order- that the authority of the senate

foret maxuma, simulantes publicum bonum,

might be the greatest, pretending the publio good, [but]

certabant quisque pro su£ potential neque

did contend each for his-own power neither

modestia, neque modus contfentionis erat illis:

moderation, nor (limit!) of dispute was to them:

utrique
[their contests with one another were carried on most violently] : both

exercebant victoriam crudeliter. Sed postqu&m

did exercise victory cruelly. But after

Gneius Pompeius missus-est ad maritimum atque

Cneius Pompeius was-sent to the maritime and

Mithridaticum bellum, * opes plebis

Mithridatic war, the resources of the commons (were)

imminutse, potentia paucorum crevit. Hi

impaired, the power of a few increased. These (began)

tenere magistratus, provincias, que omnia alia

to possess magistracies, provinces, and all other (things):

ipsi innoxii, florentes, agere setatem sine

they freo-from-injury, flourishing, to-spenjl age without

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62 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

metu, que terrere caeteros judiciis,

fear, and to affright others by judgments, [they free from

qud
danger, alarmed others by judicial investigations], in-order-tbat (when)

in magistratu tractarent plebem placidiils.

in the magistracy they might manage the commons more-gently.

Sed ubi spes

[And not excite commotions among them]. But when hope

oblata-est dubiis rebus novandis, vetus

was offered for [adverse] things to-be-renewed (changed), the old

certamen arrexit animos eorura. Qudd

contest raised the minds of them. [Raised their courage]. But

si Catilina discessisset superior

if Catiline might have departed (had departed) (come off) superior

primo praelio, aut sequS maim, profectd magna

in the first battle, or with an equal force, indeed a great

clades atque calamitas oppressisset rempublicam,

slaughter and calamity might have oppressed the republic,

neque licuisset illis qui

neither might it have been-lawful [permitted] for those who
adepti-forent victoriam uti e&
might have obtained (had obtained) victory to use it

diutius; quin qui posset-plus extorqueret

[longer] ; but (the party)- who might be more powerful would wrest

imperium atque libertatem defessis et exsanguibus.

authority and liberty from the wearied and exhausted.

Tamen complures fuere extra conjurationem, qui

However many were without the conspiracy, who
profecti-sunt initio ad Catilinam. In his
set-out in the beginning to Catiline. Among these

erat Fulvius, filius senatoris, quem parens jussit

was Fulvius, the son of a senator, whom (his) father ordered

retractum ex itinere, necari. Iisdem*

brought-back from (his) journey, to be-put-to-death. At the same

temporibus Lentulus sollicitabat Romse quoscumque

times (time) Lentulus did stir-up at Rome whomsoever

oredebat idoneos, moribus aut fortuna, novifl

lie did believe fit» by morals or fortune, for new

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 68

rebus, sicuti Catilina praeceperat; neque

things (a revolution), as Catiline bad ordered; neither

solum cives, sed genus hominum cujuscumque

only citizens, bat a kind of men of any (whatever)

modi, quod mod6 foret usui bello. Igitur

description, which only might be for advantage to the war. Therefore

dat negotium cuidam Publio Umbreno,

he gives business a (commission) to a certain Publius Umbrenus,

uti requirat legatos Allobrogum: que impellat

that he may find-out the deputies of the Allobroges : and impel

eos, si possit, ad societatem belli, existumans

them, if he may be able, to an alliance of the war, thinking,

eos oppressos public^ que privatim alieno-sere:

those oppressed publicly and . privately by debt

prseterea qudd Gallica gens esset bellicosa

moreover that the Gallic nation might be (was) warlike

natur£, posse facile* adduci ad tale

by nature, to be able (might) easily be brought-over to such

consilium. Umbrenus notus-erat plerisque principibus

a design. Umbrenus had been known to most the chiefs

civitatum, atque noverat eos, quod negotiatus-erat

of the states, and had known them, because he had trafficked

in Gallic : itaque sine morS, ubi-primum conspexit

in Gaul : therefore without delay, as-soon- as ho beheld

legatos in foro, percunctatus pauca

the deputies in the market-place, [forum], having inquired a few

de statu civitatis, et quasi dolens

(things) concerning the condition of the state, and as-if bewailing

casum ejus, coepit requirere quern exitum sperarent

the lot of it, began to ask what issue they might hope

tantis malis. Postquam videt illos queri

to so-great evils. After he sees [that] them to complain

de avariti£ magistratuum, accusare

[they complain] of the avarice of the magistrates, to accuse

senatum, qudd esset nihil auxilii in

the senate, because there might be (was) nothing of redress in

eo; exspectare mortem remedium suis

it; [and] to await death (as) a remedy for their

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64 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

miseriis: "At ego," inquit, "ostendam rationem

miseries " But I," he says, " will-point-out a plan

vobis, si modo-vultis esse viri,

to you, if you-only-wish to be men, [if you would only be men],

qu£ effugiatis ista tanta mala." Ubi dixit

by which you may escape those so-great evils." When he said

hsec, Allobroges adducti in maxumam spem,

these (things), the Allobroges led into the greatest hope,

orare Umbrenum utl misereretur sui

(began) to entreat [Umbrenus] that he might pity themselves: [that]

nihil esse tam asperum, neque tarn difficile,

nothing to be [was] so rough, nor so difficult,

quod facturi-essent non cupidissimfc,

which they would-be -about- to-do not most-desirously, [but that they

dum ea res liberaret civitatem

would most willingly do], provided that thing might free the state

alieno-sere. Hie perducit eos in domum Decii

from debt. He leads them into the house of Decius

Bruti, qudd erat propinqua foro, neque aliena

Brutus, because it was near to the forum, and not unacquainted

consilii propter Semproniam, nam Brutus

of the design (conspiracy) on-aocount-of '
Sempronia, for Brutus

aberat turn ab Rom£. Prseterea arcessit

was absent then from Borne. Besides he sends-for

G^abinium, qu6 major auctoritas inesset

Gabinius, in-order-that greater authority might tie-in to (his)

sermoni; eo praesente, aperit conjurationem,

discourse ; he being present, he discloses the conspiracy,

nominat socios, prseterea multos innoxios

names the associates, moreover many innocent (men)

cujusque generis, qu6 animus esset

of every kind, in-order-that mind (courage) might be

amplior legatis: dein dimittit eos domum,

greater to the deputies : then he dismisses them home,

pollicitos suam operam. Sed Allobroges habuere

having promised their assistance. But the Allobroges had

diu in incertum, quidnam consilii

for-a-long-time into uncertain (were in doubt), what of counsel

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 65

caperent. In altera parte erat alienum-aes,

they might take. In the other (one) part was debt,

studium belli, magna merces in spe victorias; at

seal of war, great reward in the hope of victory j but

majores opes, tuta consilia, certa prramia pro

greater resources, safe counsels, certain rewards instead -of

incerta spe in alterS. Illis volventibus hsec,

uncertain hope on the other (side). They revolving these

tandem fortuna reipublicae vicit. Itaque

(things) at-length the fortune of the state prevailed. Therefore

aperiunt omnem rem, uti cognoverant, Quinto

they disclose all the thing, as they had known (it), to Quintus

Fabio Sangse, patrocinio cujus civitas utebatur

Fabius Sanga, the patronage of whom the state did use

plurimum. Cicero, consilio cognito per

very-much. Cicero, the design having been known through

Sangam, prsecipit legatis, ut simulent

Sanga, orders to (the) deputies, that they may pretend (to pre-

vehementer studium conjurationis

tend) vehemently a zeal of (for) the conspiracy; may (to)

adeant cseteros polliceantur ben&,

go-to the rest [of the conspirators] ; may (to) promise '
well,

que dent operam, ut habeant eos

and may (to) give exertion, [assurance], that they may have them
qu&m maxumfe manifestos.
as most manifest (convicted). [As avowed participants

Motus erat fere* iisdem

in the conspiracy]. A commotion wot almost in the same

temporibus, in citeriore atque ulteriore Gallic,

times (time), in hither and farther Gaul,

item in Piceno agro, Bruttio, ApuliS. Namque

also in the Picene land, in Bruttium, Apulia. For

illi quos Catilina dimiserat . antea agere

they whom Catiline had sent-off [before] (began) to do

cuncta simul inconsultS, ac veluti

all (things) at-the-same-time inconsiderately, and as-if

per dementiam: effecerant plus timoris

through madness they had effected more of fear
6*

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66 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

quam periculi nocturnis conciliis, portationibus

than of danger by nightly councils, by conveyances

armorum atque telorum, festinando, agitando

of arms and of weapons, by hastening, by agitating

omnia. Quintus Metellas Celer, caussS cognitS,

all (things). Quintus Metellas Celer, the cause being known,

conjecerat complures ex eo numero in vincula,

had cast many of that number [into prison],

ex consulto senates. Gains Murena item,

according-to a decree of the senate. Caius Murena (did) likewise,

in citeriore Gallic, qui legatus praeerat ei

in hither Gaul, who (as) lieutenant was-over to that

provinciae. At Lentulus cum caeteris,

[presided over that] province. But Lentulus with the others,

qui erant principes conjurationis, magnis copiis

who were chiefs of the conspiracy, great forces

paratis Romae, nti videbatur, constituerat,

having been prepared at Rome, as it did appear, had appointed,

nti cum Catilina venisset cum exercitu

that when Catiline might have come (had come) with an army

in Faesulanum agrum, Lucius Bestia, tribunus

into the FaBSulan land, Lucius Bestia, tribune

plebis, concione habitfi, quereretur de

of the commons, an assembly being held, should complain of

actionibus Ciceronis, que imponeret invidiam

the proceedings of Cicero, and place the odium

gravissimi belli optumo consuli;

of (this) most-serious war to (on) the most-excellent consul;

eo signo, proxuma nocte, csetera multitudo

by that sign (signal), [the next night], tho remaining multitude

conjurationis exsequeretur quisque suum negotium.

[of the conspiracy] should execute each his-own business (part).

Sed ea dicebantur divisa hoc modo,

But those (parts) were said (to be) divided in this manner,

uti Statilius et Gabinius, cum magna manu,

that Statilius and Gabinius, with a great band,

incenderent duodecim opportuna loca urbia

should set-fire-to twelve opportune places of the city

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 67

simul, quo tumultu facilior aditus fieret

at-the-same-time, in which tumult an easier access might be made

ad consulem, que cseteros quibus insidiae parabantur.

to the consul, and the others for whom snares were prepared.

Cethegus obsideret januam Ciceronis, que

[That] Cethegus should blook-up the gate of Cicero, and

aggrederetur eum vi; autem alius

should attack him with force; but another (should attack)

alium: sed filii familiarum, quorum maxuma pars

another : but the sons of families, of whom the greatest part

erat ex nobilitatej interficerent parentes:

was of the nobility, should murder (their) parents:

simul omnibus perculsis csede et incendio,

at-the-same-time all being stricken by slaughter and by burning,

erumperent ad Catilinam. Inter haec

they should burst-forth (sally) to Catiline. Among these

parata atque decreta, Cethegus querebatur

prepared (preparations) and determinations, Cethegus did complain

semper de ignavi£ sociorum illos

always of the remissness of (his) associates : [that] those

corrumpere magnas opportunitates

to corrupt (mar) [did mar] great opportunities

dubitando et prolatando dies;

by hesitating and deferring days [and putting off the time for

esse opus in tali periculo, facto

executing the plot] ; to be need in such danger, for deed

non consulto: que se, si pauci

not for deliberation and [that] himself, if a few

adjuvarent, aliis languentibus, facturum

would assist, others being-remiss, about-to-make [would make]

impetum in curiam. Erat natura ferox,

an attack against the senate-house. He was by nature fierce,

vehemens, promptus manu putabat maxumum

vehement, ready in hand (action) ; he did think the greatest

bonum in celeritate. Sed Allobroges conveniunt

good (to be) in despatch. But the Allobroges assemble

cseteros per Gabinium, ex prsecepto

(meet) the rest through Gabinius, according-to the direction

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68 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

Ciceronis : postulant jusju'randum, quod perferant

of Cicero.: they require an oath, which they may carry

signatum ad civis (cives), ab Lentulo,

sealed to the citizens [of their state], from Lentulus,

Cethego, Statilio, item Cassio: eos haud

Cethegus, Statilius, also from Cassius : [that] those not

posse facile impelli aliter ad tantum

to be-able [could not] easily to be impelled otherwise to so-great

negotium. Caeteri, suspicantes nihil, dant : Cassius

an affair. The others, suspecting nothing, give (it) : Cassius

pollicetur semet venturum brevi ed, ac proficiscitur

promises himself about-to-come shortly [there], and sets-out

ex urbe pauld ante legatos. Lentulus mittit

from the city a little before the ambassadors. Lentulus sends

quemdam Titum Volturcium, Crotoniensem, cum his,

a certain Titus Volturoius, a Crotonian, with these,

ut Allobroges confirmarent societatem cum Catilina,

that the Allobroges might strengthen the alliance with Catiline,

priusquam pergerent domum, fide

before- that they might proceed home, faith (pledges of honour)

dat& atque accepta. Ipse dat literas

having been given and received. He gives letters (an epistle)

Volturcio ad Catilinam, exemplum quarum est

to Volturoius for Catiline, a copy of which is

scriptum infra.
written beneath.

Cognosces ex eo, quern misi ad te,

Thou wilt know from him, whom I have sent to thee,

qui sim. Fac cogites

Who I may be (I am). Do thou mayest consider (take care to consider)

in quanta calamitate sis, et memineris te

in how-great calamity thou mayest be, and remember thee

esse virum consideres quid

to be a man : (take care) thou mayest consider (to consider) what

tuse rationes postulent; petas

thy plans [circumstances] may require ; thou mayest seek (to seek)

auxilium ab omnibus, etiam ab infimis.

aid from all, even from the lowest

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 69

Ad-hoc; dat mandata verbis : quo consilio

Besides, he gives commands in words : with what design

repudiet servitia?
(reason) he may rejeet slaveries (slaves) ? [why should he reject slaves ?]

cum judicatus-sit hostis ab senatu

since he may have been judged (has been judged) an enemy by the senate

quae jusserit esse parata in

(the things) which he may have (has) ordered to be prepared in

urbe:
the city : [the things which he had ordered to be done in the city, are

ipse ne-cunctetur acce-

prepared] : himself may not-delay [that he should not delay] to ap-

dere propius. His rebus actis ita, constitute

proach nearer. These things having been done so, on the appointed

nocte qu& proficiscerentur, Cicero edoctus

night on which they should set-out, Cicero having been instructed-in

cuncta per legatos, imperat praetoribus,

all (thing) by the ambassadors, orders to the pretors,

Lucio Valerio Flacco ct Caio Pomptino, ut deprehendant

Lucius Valerius Flaccus and Caius Pomptinus, that they may seize

comitatus Allobrogum, per insidias,

(to apprehend) the attendants of the Allobroges, by ambushes (ambush),

in Miilvio ponte: aperit omnem rem

on the Mulvian bridge : he discovers [to them] all the thing

gratia cujus mittebantur: agant

by causo (for the sake) of which they were sent : they may do (to do)

caetera, uti sit opus facto.

the rest, as (there) may be need for deed. [He allows them to execute

Militares
the rest of the affair as occasion may require.] (These) military

homines, praesidiis collocatis sine tumultu, obsidunt

men, the guards being arranged without tumult, beset

pontem occult^, sicuti praeceptum-erat. Postquam

the bridge secretly, as it had been ordered. After

legati ventre cum Volturcio ad id loci,

the ambassadors came with Volturcius to that of place,

clamor exortus-est simul utrimque. Galli,

a shout arose at-the-same-time on-both-sides. The Gauls,

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70 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

consilio cognito, citfi tradiderunt so

the design being known [to them] , quickly delivered themselves

sine mor£ prsetoribus. Volturcius prim6, cohortatus

without delay to the pre tors. Volturcius first, having encouraged

cseteros, defendit se & multitudine gladio:

the rest, defends himself from the multitude wi£h a sword .*

dein ubi desertus-est . a legatis, obtestatus

then when he was deserted by the ambassadors, having conjured

Pomptinum prius multa

(having first entreated) Pomp tin us before many (things)

de sua salute, qu6d notus-erat ei,

[earnestly] concerning his safety, because he had been known to him,

postremd, timidus ac diffidens vitse, dedit sese

finally, fearful and distrusting for life, he surrenders himself

prsetoribus velut hostibus. Quibus rebus confectis,

to the pretors as to enemies. Which things being finished,

omnia declarantur proper^ per nuncios consuli.

aU are declared speedily by messengers to the consul.

At ingens cura atque lsejitia, simul, occu-

But great anxiety and gladness, at-the-same-time, occu-

pavere ilium. Laetabatur, intelligens civitatem esse

pied him. He did rejoice, understanding the state to be

ereptam periculis, conjuratione patefactft; autem

rescued from danger, the conspiracy having been exposed; but

porro erat anxius quid esset opus facto

moreover he was anxious what might be necessary for deed

tantis civibus, deprehensis in maxumo

(to be done) so-great citizens, being discovered in the greatest

scelere; poenam illorum forfc oneri

wickedness ; the punishment of them to-be-about-to-be for a burden

sibi, impunitatem reipublicae perdundae.

to him, (their) pardon (the cause) of the republic to be destroyed.

Igitur animo con-

[Of the destruction of the republic] Therefore (his) mind having been

firmato, jubet Lentulum, Cethegum, Sta-

strengthened (made up), he orders Lentulus, Cethegus, Sta.

tilium, Gabinium, que Ceparium Tarracinensem, qui

tilius, Gabinius, and Ceparius the Tarracinian, who

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BALLUSTH CATILINA. 71

parabat proficisci in Apuliam ad servitia concitanda,

did prepare to set-out into Apulia to slaveries to-be-excited

vocari ad sese. Caeteri veniunt

(to excite the slaves), to be called to himself. The rest come

sine mor£. Ceparius egressus domo paulo

without delay. Ceparius having departed from home a little

ante*, indicio cognito, profugerat ex urbe.

before, the discovery having been known, had fled out-of the city.

Consul ipse, tenens Lentulum manu, qudd erat

The consul self, holding Lentulus by the hand, because he was

praetor, perducit in senatum; jubet reliquos

pre tor, , leads (him) into the senate; he orders the rest

venire cum custodibus in aedem Concordiae. Advocat

to come with guards into the temple of Concord. He summons
senatum ed, que introducit Volturcium cum
the senate thither, and introduces Volturoius with

legatis magna frequentia ejus ordinis;

the ambassadors in a great fulness (attendance) of that order

jubet Flaccum, praetorem, adferre e6dem

he orders Flaccus, the pretor, to bring to [Link]

scrinium, cum Uteris, quas acceperat k

the writing-desk, with the letters, which he had received from

legatis. Volturcius interrogatus de itinere,

the ambassadors. Volturcius being questioned concerning the journey,

de Uteris, postremd, quid consilii habuisset,

concerning the letters, finally, what design he might have had

aut de qu& caus£, primd fingere

(he had), or about what cause, at-first (began) to feign

omnia alia, * dissimulare de conjuratione

all other (thingB), to dissemble concerning the conspiracy

p&st ubi jussus-est dicere fide,public^

after when he was ordered to speak on the public honour, [being given

aperit omnia, uti gesta-

him for his safety], he discloses all (things), as they had been

erant se ascitum-(esse)
carried-on ; [that he] himself to have been attached (as) [was admitted]

socium paucis diebus ant& & Gabinio et Gepario;

an associate a few days before by Gabinius and Ceparius

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72 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

scire nihil ampliis quam legafbs

to know [that he knew] nothing more than the ambassadors

tantummodo solitum audire ex Gabinio,

only (being) aceustomed to hear from Gabinius, [that]

Publium Autronium, Servium Sullam, Lucium Var-

Publiud Autronius, Servius Sylla, Lucius Var-

gunteium, multos praeterea esse in e£ conju-

gunteius, [and] many besides to be [were] in that eonspi-

ratione. Galli fatentur eadem, at coarguunt Len-

racy. The Gauls confess the same, but they oonvict Len-

tulum dissimulantem, praeter literas sermonibus,

tulus dissembling, beside the letters (letter), by discourses,

quos ille solitus-erat habere, regnum

whioh he had been accustomed to have [with them, that] the kingdom

Romae portendi tribus Corneliis ex Sibyl-

of Rome to be foreboded [was foretold] to three Cornelii out- of the Si-

linis libris : Cinnam atque Sullam antea ; se

bylline books, : Cinna and Sylla (possessed it) before-; himself

esse tertium, cui fatum foret

to be the third, to whom fate would be [whose fate it would be]

potiri urbis; praeterea ilium esse vigesimum

to be-master of the city ; moreover that to be the twentieth

annum ab Capitolio incenso, quern

year from the Capitol being burned, which (year)

haruspices saepfc respondissent ex

the soothsayers often might have answered (had answered) from

prodigiis fore cruentum civili bello. Igitur

prodigies to be-about-to-be bloody by civil war. Therefore

Uteris perlectis, • cum omnes

the letters (letter) having been read-through, when aU

cognoviscent sua signa, senatus

might have known (had admitted) their-own signs (seals), the senate

decernit, ut Lenttdus, magistratu abdicato, que

decrees, that Lentulus, the magistracy being resigned, and

item caeteri, habeantur in liberis custodiis.

likewise the rest, may be kept in free custodies

Itaque traduntur,
(in the custody of private persons). Therefore they are delivered (thus),

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 73

Lentulus Publio Lentulo Spintheri, qui erat turn

Lentulus to Publius Lentulus Spinther, who was then

aedilis ; Cethegus Quinto Comificio ; Statilius Caio

edile ; . Cethegus to Quintus Cornificius ; Statilius to Gaius

Caesari; Gabinius Marco Crasso; Ceparius (nam is

Csesar Gabinius to Marcus Crassus ; Ceparius (for he

retractus-erat pauld ante* ex fuga) Cneio

had been brought-back a little before from flight) to Cneius

Terentio, senatori. Interea -plebes, conjuratione

Terentius, a senator. Mean-time the commons, the conspiracy

patefacta, quae primd cupida novarum rerum,

being discovered, who at first (being) desirous of new things

favebat nimis feello, mente

(a revolution), did favour too-much to the war, (their) mind

mutat&, exsecrari consilia Catilinae, tollere,

being changed, (began) to execrate the designs of Catiline, to raise

Ciceronem ad coelum; velut erepta ex servitute

Cicero to heaven ; as-if rescued from slavery (they)

agitabat gaudium atque laetitiam. Namque

did agitate (display) joy and gladness. For

putabat alia facinora belli fore

(the common people) did think other exploits ofwar to-be -about-to-be

praedae magis quam detrimento, verd

for booty rather than [to themselves] injury, but

incendium crudele, immoderatum, ac maxume

burning (to be) cruel, immoderate, and chiefly

calamitosum sibi; quippe cui omnes

calamitous to themselves ; because (an order) to whom all

copiae erant in quotidiano usu et cultu corporis.

supplies were in daily use and dress of body.

[Since all their property consisted of things in daily use, and of clothing].

Post eum diem, quidam Lucius Tarquinius

After that day, a certain Lucius Tarquinius

adductus-erat ad senatum, quern aiebant

had been brought-up to the senate, whom they did say

retractum ex ' itinere,

(to have been) brought-baok from (his) journey, (when)

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74 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

proficiscentem ad Gatilinam. Cum is diceret

setting-out to Catiline. When be might say (said)

se indicaturum de
himself about-to-inform [that he would inform] concerning

conjuratione, si publica fides data-esset,

the conspiracy, if the public faith might have been given [to him ,

jussus a consule edicere quae sciret,

for safety], being ordered by the consul to declare what he might know,

edocet senatum ferk eadem quae Volturcius,

he informs the senate almost the same (things) which Volturcius (did)f

de incendiis paratis, de caede bonorum,

of burnings haying been prepared, of the murder of good (men),

de itinere hostium: praeterea, se missum k

of the march of the enemies : moreover, himself being sent by

Marco Crasso, qui nunciaret Catilinae,

Marcus Grassus, who might tell (to tell) to Catiline, (that)

Lentulus, et Cethegus,. que alii ex conjuratione,

Lentulus, and Cethegus, and others of the conspiracy,

deprehensi ne-terrerent eum; que

having been apprehended should not-affright him and

properaret magis e6 accedere ad urbem,

he should hasten the more therefore to-approach to the city,

qud et reficeret animos caeterorum,

in-order- that and (both) he might refresh the minds of the rest,

et illi eriperentur facilius h periculo. Sed

and they might be resoued the more-easily from danger. But

ubi Tarquinius nominavit Crassum, nobilem hominem,

when Tarquinius named Crassus, a noble man,

maxumis divifiis, summ$ potentia, alii

with the greatest riches, the highest power, some

rati rem incredibilem, pars, tametsi

having supposed the thing incredible, a part, although

existumabant verum, tamen, quia tanta vis

they did think (it) true, yet, because so-great influence

hominis videbatur leniunda magis quam

man
of the did seem to-be-softened rather than

exagitanda
to-be-provoked [a man of such great influence ought to be soothed rather

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 75

in tali tempore, plerique obnoxii

than provoked] in such a time, many subservient

Crasso ex privatis negotiis, conclamant,

to Crassus from private affairs, cry-oat, [that]

indicem esse falsum, que postulant utl

the informer to be [was] false, and require that

referatur de ea re. Itaque,

it may be referred (to the senate) concerning that thing. Therefore,

Cicerone consulente, frequens senatus

Cicero consulting (presiding), a crowded senate

decernit, indicium Tarquinii videri

decrees, the information of Tarquinins to be seen (to seem)

falsum, que eum retinendum in vinculis;

false, and him [to be] kept in bonds [prison]

que potestatem ne amplius faciundam,

and power (of divulging) not more to-be-made, [and that

nisi indicaret
he be not allowed to proceed in his testimony], unless he might inform

de eo, consilio cujus mentitus-esset

of him, by the advice of whom he might have (had) forged

tantam rem. Erant eo tempore, qui

so-great a thing. There were at that time, (persons), who
existumarent illud machinatum & Publio
might think (thought) that plotted by Publius

Autronio, qu5 Crasso appellato, potentia illius

Autronius, in-order-that Crassus being named, the power of him

tegeret reliquos facilius, per societatem

might screen the rest more-easily, by (his) share

periculi. Alii aiebant Tarquinium

of (in the) danger. Others did say Tarquinius

immissum & Cicerone, ne Crassus, suo

sent-in (suborned) by Cicero, lest Crassus, by his

more conturbaret rempublicam,

custom [as was his custom] might disturb the republic,

patrocinio malorum suscepto. Ego postea

the patronage of the bad being undertaken [by him]. I afterwards

audivi Crassum ipsum prsedicantem illam tantam

beard Crassus [himself] openly declaring that so-great

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76 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

contumeliam impositam sibi & Cicerone.

an insult (to have been) placed to (on) him by Cicero.

Sed iisdem temporibus, Quintus Gatulus et Gaius

But at-the-same times, Quintus Gatulus and Gaius

Piso potuere impellere Ciceronem neque gratiS,

Piso were able to impel Gicero neither by interest,

neque precibus, neque pretio, utl Caius Caesar

nor by prayers, nor by price, that Gaius Caesar

nominaretur fals6 per Allobroges aut alium indicem.

might be named falsely by the Allobroges or other informer.

Nam uterque exercebant gravis (graves) inimicitias

For each (both) did exercise dreadful enmities

cum illo; Piso oppugnatus in judicio

with him Piso having been assailed in a trial

repetundarum (j?Z.), propter injustum supplicium

of extortion, on-account-of the unjust punishment

cujusdam Transpadani; Catulus incensus odio

of a certain Transpadanian ; Catulus being inflamed with hatred

ex petitione pontificates, quod usus

from (since) his canvass of the high-priesthood, because having enjoyed
-
maxumis honoribus (abl) extremfi setate discesserat,
the greatest honours (now) in extreme age he had departed,

victus k Csesare, adolescentulo. Autem res

conquered by Caesar, a young man. But the thing

videbatur opportuna, quod is debebat grandem

did seem opportune, because he [Caesar] did owe great

pecuniam egregia liberalitate privatim,

money (a great debt) by extraordinary liberality * privately,

maxumis muneribus public^. Sed ubi

by-very-great presents (exhibitions) publicly. But when

nequeunt impellere consulem ad tantum facinus,

they are-unable to impel the consul to so-great a crime,

ipsi conflaverant magnam invidiam illi

themselves had-contracted great odium for him [had excit-

circumeundo singillatim, atque

ed great odium against him] by-going-about individually, and

ementiendo quae dicerent audisse ex

by forging what they might-say (they said) to have heard from

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 77

Volturcio, aut Allobrogibus ; usque aded, uti

Volturcius, or the Allobroges until to- this (so far), that

nonnulli Romani equites, qui erant cum telis

some [Roman] knights, who were with weapons [armed]

circum aedem Concordiae, causa praesidii,

about the temple of Concord, by cause (for the sake) of guard,

impulsi seu magnitudine periculi, seu

being impelled either by the magnitude of the danger, or

mobilitate animi, quo suum studium in

by levity of mind, in-order-that their zeal toward

rempublicam esset clarius, minitarentur

the republic might be more-conspicuous, might threaten (threatened)

gladio Caesari egredienti ex senatu. Dum

with a sword to Caesar going-out from the senate. Whilst

haec aguntur in senatu, et dum praemia

these (things) are done in the senate, and whilst rewards

decernuntur legatis Allobrogum et Tito

are decreed to the ambassadors of the Allobroges and to Titus

Volturcio, indicio eorum comprobato;

Volturcius, the information of them having been approved

liberti et pauci ex clientibus Lentuli,

the freed-men and a few of the dependants of Lentulus,

solicitabant, diversis itineribus, opifices atque

did stir- up, in different directions, the mechanics and

servitia in vicis ad eum eripiendum:

slaveries (slaves) in the streets to him to-be-rescued : [to rescue

partim exquirebant duces multitudinum,

him] : partly (some) did seareh-out the leaders of multitudes

qui soliti-erant vexare rempublicam

(mobs), who had been accustomed to harass the republic

pretio. Autem Cethegus orabat per nuncios,

for hire. But Cethegus did entreat through messengers,

familiam atque suos libertos exercitatos in

(his) household and his freed-men exercised in

audaciam, uti grege facto irrumperent

boldness, that a flock (band) having been formed, they would break-in

ad sese cum telis. Consul, ubi cognovit ea

to himself with weapons. The consul, when he knew those
7*

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78 SALLTSTII CATILIKA.

parari, praesidiis dispositis, uti res

(things) to be prepared, guards being arranged, as the thing

atquc tempus monebat, senatu convocato, refert

and time did advise, the senate being convoked, refers

.quid placeat fieri de his, qui

(asks) what it may please to be done concerning those, who

traditi-erant in custodiam. Sed frequens senatus

had been-delivered into custody. But a crowded senate

judicaverat paulo ant& eos fecisse

had judged a littlo before [that] them to have acted [had acted]

contra rempublicam. Turn Decius Junius Silanus

against the republic. Then Decius Junius Silanus

primus rogatus sententiam, quod eo tempore

first being asked (his) opinion, because at that time

erat consul designates, decreverat supplicium

he was consul elect, had decreed punishment

sumendum
to-be-inflicted [gave it as his opinion that punishment ought to be in-

de his, qui tenebantur in custodiis; et

flicted] on those, who were detained in custodies ; and

praeterea de Lucio Cassio, Publio Furio, Publio

moreover on Lucius Cassius, Publius Furius, Publius

Umbreno, Quinto Annio, si deprehensi-forent

Umbrenus, Quintus Annius, if they might have been apprehended:

que is postea permotus

[should they be apprehended] : and he afterwards '
affected

oratione Caii Caesaris, dbtfcrat se iturum

by the speech of Cuius Csesar, had said himself about- to -go

pedibus
on feet [that he was about to go into a division of the senate on the

in sententiam Tiberii Neronis,

question] (without a speech) into the opinion of Tiberius Nero,

quod censuerat referendum

because he had thought (it ought) to-be-referred (to the senate)

de e& re, praesidiis additis.

concerning that thing, [for further investigation], guards being added,

Sed Caesar, ubi

[The prisoners being kept under guard]. But Caesar, when

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 79

ventum-est ad eum, rogatus

it was come to him (to his turn), having been asked (his)

sententiam & consule, locutus-est verba

opinion by the consul, spoke / words

hujuscemodi
of this-kind

Conscripti patres, decet omnis (omnes) homines,

Conscript fathers, it becomes all men,

qui consultant de dubiis rebus, esse

who deliberate-often concerning doubtful things, to be

vacuos ab odio, amicitia", irS, atque misericord ia\

free from hatred, friendship, anger, and pity.

Animus haud facile* providet verum,

The mind (does) not easily foresees (perceives) true, (truth)

ubi ilia officiunt: neque quisquam omnium

where those [things] obstruct [it] : neither any-one of-all

paruit lubidini et usui simul. Ubi

has obeyed to lust (passion) and to utility at-tbe-same-time. When
intenderis ingenium, valet ; si
thou mayest have applied (you apply) the understanding, it prevails ; if

lubido possidet, ea dominatur, animus valet nihil.

passion takes-possession, that rules, the mind prevails nothing.

Conscripti patres, est mihi magna copia

Conscript fathers, there is to me a great opportunity

memorandi, qui reges aut qui populi

of relating, [supply of examples], what kings or what peoples

impulsi ir& aut misericordiS, consuluerint

(people) impelled by anger or by pity, may have consulted
(perf. sub.) mate : sed malo dicere ea,
(have consulted) badly : but I had-rather mention those (things),

quae nostri majores fecere rectfe atque ordine

which our ancestors have done rightly and in order

contra lubidinem sui animi. Macedonico bello,

against the passion of their mind. In the Macedonian war,

quod gessimus cum rege Perse, magna atque

which we carried-on with king Perses, the great and

magnifica ci vitas Rhodiorum, quae creverat

magnificent state of the Rhodians, which had increased

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8Q SALLUSTII CATILINA.

opibus Romani populi, fuit infida atque advorsa

by the resources of the Roman people, was faithless and adverse

nobis: sed postquam, bello confecto, consultum-

to us : but after- that, thewar having been finished, it was delibe-

est de Rhodiis, nostri majores dimisere eos

rated concerning the Rhodians, our ancestors dismissed them

irapunitos, ne quis diceret bellum

unpunished, lest any-one might say the war (to have been)

inceptum magis divitiarum, qu&rri

undertaken rather (on -account-of) of riches, than of (repelling)

injuriae. Item in omnibus Punicis bellis, cum

injury. Likewise in all the Punio wars, when
Carthaginienses saepe fecissent multa
the Carthaginians [often] might have done (had done) many
nefanda facinora et in pace et per inducias,
abominable acts both in peaoe and through truces,

ipsi nunquam fecere talia per occasionem;

they never did such (things) through opportunity

quaerebant magis qupd foret

[though opportunity offered] ; they did seek rather what might be
dignum se, quam quod posset fieri jure
worthy themselves, than what might to be done with right

in illos. Conscripti patres, hoc est item providendum

unto them. Conscript fathers, this is likewise to be-provided-for

vobis, scelus Publii Lentuli et

to (by) you, (that) the wickedness of Publius Lentulus and
caeterorum ne-valeat plus apud vos, quam
the rest may not-prevail more among (with) you, than

vestra dignitas, neu consulatis vestrae irae

your-own dignity, nor (that) you may consult to your anger

magis quam famae. Nam si digna poena

more than to character. For if worthy punishment

reperitur pro factis eorum, approbo novum consilium

is found for the deeds of them, I approve the new counsel

sin magnitudo sceleris exsuperat ingenia

lmt-if the magnitude of the wickedness exceed the understandings

omnium ; censeo utendum iis

of all; I think to-use (we must-use) those (punishments),

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 81

quae comparata-sunt legibus. Plerique eorum, qui

which have been provided by the laws. Most of those, who

dixerunt sententias ante me, miserati-sunt

have expressed (their) opinions before me, have bewailed

casum reipiiblicae composite atque

the misfortune of the republio elegantly (in fine language) and

magnified : enumeravere quae esset saevitia belli

magnificently : they have enumerated what might be the cruelty of war

quae acciderent victis ; virgines, pueros rapi

what might befall to the conquered ; virgins, boys to be dragged-away

liberos dJVelli h complexu parentum; matres

children to be torn from the embrace of parents; mothers

familiarum pa-ti, quae collibuissent victoribus;

of families to suffer, what might have pleased to the conquerors ;

fana atque domos expoliari; caedem, incendia

temples and houses to be pillaged ; slaughter, burnings

fieri; postremd, omnia compleri armis,

to be made; lastly, all (places) to be filled with arms,

cadaveribus, cruore, atque luctu. Sed, per

dead-bodies, gore, and grief. But, by (in the name of)
immortalis (immortales) deos, qud ilia oratio
the immortal gods, where that speech

pertinuit ? An uti
has tended? [what was the object of that speech]? Whether that

faceret vos infestos conjurationi ^ Scilicet, oratio

he might make you 'hostile to the conspiracy ? Forsooth, a speech

accendet eum, quem tanta atque tam atrox res

shall inflame him, whom so-great and so heinous a thing

non-permovit ! Est non ita: neque suae injuriae

has not-affected It is not so : neither their-own injuries

videntur parvae cuiquam mortalium : multi habuere

seem small to any of mortals : many have had

eas gravius aequo. Sed, conscripti

(accounted) them more-severely (than) just. But, conscript

patres, alia licentia est aliis.

fathers, another (difference) license is to different (persons).

Qui demissi
[There is a difference in the freedom of action.] (They) who cast-down

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82 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

agunt vitam in obscuro, si deliquere

spend (their) life in obscure (obscurity), [if they] have offended

quid, iracundifi, pauci sciunt fama

(in) any (thing) [by anger] few know (it) : the fame

atque fortuna eorum sunt pares : cuncti mortales

and fortune of them are equal: all mortals

novere facta eorum qui, praediti magno

have known (know) the deeds of those who, endowed with great

imperio, agunt aetatem in excelso. Ita

authority, spend (their) life in lofty (station). Thus

minuma licentia est in maxuma fortuna.

the least license [of action] is in the greatest fortune.

Decet neque studere, neque odisse, sed

It becomes neither to favour, neither to have hated (to hate), but

minum& irasci. Ea quae dicitur iracundia apud

least-of-all to-be-angry. That which is called anger amongst

alios, appellatur superbia atque crudelitas in

others (some), is called pride and cruelty in

imperio. Equidem, conscripti patres, ego sic existumo

authority. Indeed, conscript fathers, I thus think

omnis cruciatus esse minores quam facinora illorum.

all tortures to be less than the crimes of them.

Sed plerique mortales meminere postrema,

But most mortals have remembered (remember) the last

et obliti sceleris eorum, disserunt

(occurrences), and having forgotten the crime of them, discuss

de poena* in impiis hominibus, si ea

of punishment in (the case of) impious men, if it

fuerit paul6 severior. Scio certfc

may have been a little more-severe (too-severe). I know surely

Decium Silanum, fortem atque strenuum virum,

Deoius Silanus, a brave and strenuous man,

dixisse, quae dixerit (perf. sub.) studio reipublicae

to have said, what he may have said (has said) from zeal for the republic

neque ilium exercere gratiam

neither him to exercise [that he neither exercised] favour

aut inimicitias tant& re: cognovi eos

ox enmities in so-great a thing : I have known these (to be)

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 88

mores, earn modestiam viri. Verfim sententia

the principles, that the moderation of the man. Bat the opinion

ejus videtur mihi non crudelis (enim quid potest

of him seems to me not cruel (for what can

fieri crudele in talis (tales) homines ?) sed aliena

be done cruel against such men ?) but foreign

k nostra republica. Nam profecto,

(averse) from our republic (constitution). For indeed,

Silane, aut metus aut injuria subegit te consulem

Silane, either fear or injury compelled thee a consul

designatum, decernere novum genus poenae. Est

elect, to decree a new kind of punishment. It if

supervacaneum disserere de timore, cum tanta

useless to discuss concerning fear, when so-great

prsesidia sint in armis praesenti diligenti&

guards may be (are) in arms by the prompt diligence

clarissimi viri, consulis. Equidem possum dicere

of a most-renowned man, the consul. Indeed I can say

id de poenS, quod res • habet

that of punishment, which the thing has (imports) : [that]

mortem esse requiem serumnarum, non

death to be [is] a rest of (from) toils, not

cruciatum, in luctu atque miseriis; earn

a torture, in grief and miseries ; [that] it (death)

dissolvere cuncta mala mortalium ; locum

to dissolve [dissolves] all [the] evils of mortals ; a place

esse ultra neque

to be beyond (it) neither [that there is no place beyond it either]

curae neque gaudio. Sed per

for care neither [or] joy. But by (in the name of)
immortalis (immortales) deos, quamobrem addidisti
the immortal gods, why hast thou added

non in sententiam, uti animadverteretur prius in

not to the opinion, that it might be animadverted before against

eos verberibus ? An, quia

them (they should be the first punished) with stripes ? Whether, because

Porcia lex vetat ? At alia leges item jubent vitam

the Porcian law forbids? But other laws also order life

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84 SALLUSTII OATILINA.

non eripi condemnatis civibus, sed exsilium

not be snatched from condemned citizens, but exile

permitti. An quia est gravius verberari quam

to be allowed. Whether because it is severer to be scourged than

necari? Autem quid est acerbum aut

to be put-to-death ? But what is bitter or

nimis grave in homines convictos tanti facinoris?

too severe against men convicted of so-great a crime ?

Sin, quia est levius, qui convenit

But- if, because it is more-light (too light), by what (how) is-it-consistent

observare legem in minore negotio, cum neg-

to observe the law in a less business, when thou mayest

lexeris (perf. sub.) earn in majore ? At,

have-neglected it in a greater? But, (some will say)

enim quis reprehendat quod

[why all this debate] for who may reprove what

decretum-erit in parricidas reipublicae ?

shall have been decreed against the parricides of the republic? (I answer),

Tempus, dies, fortuna, lubido cujus

time, days (occasion), fortune, the pleasure (caprice) of which

moderatur gentibus. Quidquid evenerit, acci-

rules to nations. Whatsoever shall have occurred, will hap-

det merit6 illis : caeterum, conscripti patres,

pen deservedly to them : bnt [for the rest], conscript fathers,

vos-considerate quid statuatis in alios. Omnia

consider-ye what you may resolve against others. All

mala exempla orta-sunt ex bonis initiis : sed ubi

bad examples have arisen from good beginnings : but when
imperium pervenit ad ignaros, aut minus bonos,
authority comes to the ignorant, or less good,

illud novum exemplum transfertur ab dignis

that new example (precedent) is transferred from the worthy

et idoneis, ad indignos et non-idoneos. Lacedaemonii,

and fit, to the unworthy and unfit. The Lacedemonians,
Atheniensibus devictis, imposuere triginta
the Athenians having been conquered, placed- over (them) thirty

viros, qui tractarent rempublicam. Hi prime* coepere

men, who might manage the republic. These at-first began

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 85

necare quemque pessumum et invisum omnibus,

to put-to-death every-one most-base and odious to all,

indemnatum: populus laetari eo, et dicere

unoondemned : . the people (began) to rejoice in that, and to say

fieri merito. Post ubi licentia crevit,

(it) to be done deservedly. After when misrule increased,

paulatim interficere bonos et malos lubi-

[by degrees] (they began) to kill the good and bad capri-

dinosfc, terrere caeteros metu. Ita civitas, oppressa

ciously, to affright others by fear. Thus the state, oppressed

servitute, dedit poenas stultse lsetitiae. Cum

by slavery, gave punishments of foolish gladness. When
victor Sulla, nostrS memoriS, jussit Damasippum
tho conqueror Sylla, in our memory, ordered m
Damasippus

et alios hujusmodi, qui creverant malo

and others of this kind, who had increased by the misfortune
reipublicae jugulari, quis laudabat non factum
of the republic to be strangled, who did praise not the deed

ejus? Aiebant, scelestos et factiosos homing,

of him ? They did say, wicked and factious men,

qui exagitaverant rempublicam seditionibus

who had harassed the republic by seditions (to be)

meritd necatos. Sed ea res fuit initiutn magnae

deservedly put-to-death. But that thing was the beginning of great

cladis. Namque uti quisque concupiverat domum

slaughter. For as every-one had desired a house

aut villain, postremo aut vas aut vestimentum

or a villa, finally either the vase (plate) or clothing

alicujus, dabat operam, ut is esset in

of any-one, he did give exertion, that that (person) should bo in

numero proscriptorum. Ita illi, quibus mors

the number of the proscribed. Thus they, to wnom the death

Damasippi fuerat laetitiae, ipsi trahebantur

of Damasippus had been for gladness, themselves were dragged

paul6 post, neque fuit finis jugulandi,

(to execution) a little after, neither was an end of strangling,

priusquam Sulla explevit omnes suos

before-that Sylla filled all his-own (friends)

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86 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

divitiis. Atque ego vereor non hoc in Marco Tullio,

with riches. And I fear not this in Marcus Tullius,

neque his temporibus. Sed multa et varia

neither in these times. But many and various
ingenia sunt in magnfi, civitate. Aliquid falsum
dispositions are in a great state. Some (thing) false

potest credi pro vero, alio tempore,

can to be believed for true, in another time, (undor)

alio consule, cui item exercitus sit in manu.

another consul, to whom also an army may be in hand

Ubi consul eduxerit gladium per

[entrusted]. When the consul shall have drawn the sword by
decretum senatfis, hoc exemplo, quia statuet
a decree of the senate, from this precedent, who shall assign

finem illi, aut quis moderabitur? Conscripti

a limit to him, or who shall restrain (him) ? Conscript

patres, nostri majores neque unquam eguere consilii

fathers, our ancestors neither ever wanted of counsel

neque audaciae: neque superbia obstabat, quo

nor of boldness: neither pride did oppose, that

minus-imitarentur aliena instituta, si modo

they would less-imitate (not imitate) foreign institutes, if only

erant proba. Sumpserunt arma atque militaria

they were good. They took arms and military

tela ab Samnitibus : pleraque insignia magis-

woapons from the Samnites most ensigns of magis-

tratuum ab Tuscis: postremd exsequebantur

trates from the Tuscans finally they practised

summo studio domi, quod videbatur idoneum

with the utmost seal at home, what did seem fit

ubique apud socios aut hostis

[and best for their use] every- where among allies or enemies

(hostes): malebant imitari, qu&m invidere bonis.

they had-rather to imitate, than to envy to the good.

Sed imitati
[They preferred imitating to envying what was good.] But having imitated

morem Graeci® ilia eodem tempore, animadvertebant

the custom of Greece in that same time, they did animadvert

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 87

verberibus in civis (cives), 'sumebant

(punish) with stripes against citizens they did take

summum supplicium de condemnatis. Postquam

the utmost punishment of the condemned. After

respublica adolevit, et facfiones valuere

the republic grew-up (flourished), and factions prevailed

multitudine civium, innocentes coepere circumveniri,

by the multitude of citizens, the innocent began to be beset,

alia hujusmodi fieri: tunc Porcia lex, que

other (things) of this kind to be done : then the Porcian law, and

aliae leges, paratae-sunt, quibus legibus exsilium

other laws, were prepared, by which laws exile

permissum-est damnatis. Conscripti patres, ego

was allowed to the condemned. Conscript fathers, I

puto hanc causam in-primis magnam, qu6

think this reason particularly great, in -order-that

minus-capiamus novum consilium.

we may less (not) take a new counsel. [Deviate from the counsel

Profectd, virtus atque sapientia

and usages of our forefathers.] Indeed, virtue and wisdom

fuit major in illis, qui fecere imperium tantum

has been greater in those, who have made the government so-great

ex parvis opibus qu&m in nobis, qui vix retinemus

from small resources than in us, who scarcely retain

ea benfe parta. Igitur placet eos

those (things) weU acquired. Therefore does it please (me) them

dimitti, et exercitum Catilinae augeri?

to be dismissed, and the army of Catiline to be increased?

MinumS: sed censeo ita: pecunias eorum

By-no-means: but I think thus: the moneys (property) of them

publicandas, ipsos habendos in vinculis per

; to-be-confiscated, themselves to-be-kept in bonds through

municipia, quae maxume-valent opibus, neu

the municipal-towns, which are-most-strong in resources, nor

quis postea referat ad senatum,

any-one afterwards may refer to the senate [nor may any on eh ere-

neve agat cum

aft j* refer their case to the senate], nor may act (treat) with

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88 SALLUSTJI CATILINA.

populo de his: senatum existumare eum, qui

the people concerning them : the senate to think him, who
fecerit aliter, facturum contra r empublicam et
shall have done otherwise, about-to-do against the republic and

salutem omnium.
the safety of all.

Postquam Caesar fecit finem dicendi, caeteri

After Gsesar made an end of speaking, the others

assentiebantur varifc verbo, alius alii.

did assent variously in word, another (one) to another.

[The others gave merely their verbal assent variously to tho opinion of

At Marcus Porcius Cato

each of those who had spoken.] But Marcus Porcius Cato

rogatus sententiam, habuit orationem

being asked (his) opinion, had (delivered) a speech

hujuscemodi.
of- this -kind.

Conscripti patres, mens longe alia est mihi,

Conscript fathers, a mind far other (different) is to me,

cfim considero res atque nostra pericula, et cum

when I consider things and our dangers, and when

ipse reputo mecum sententias nonnullorum.

(I my) self revolve with me the opinions of some.

Illi videntur mihi disseruisse de poena eorum,

They seem to me to have discussed of the punishment of those,

qui paravere bellum patriae, parentibus,

who have prepared war to (against their) country, parents,

suis aris atque focis: autem res monet magis

their altars and hearths : but the thing advises rather

cavere ab illis, qu&m consultare, quid statuamus

to beware from them, than to deliberate, what we may determine

in illos. Nam persequare alia maleficia

against them. • For thou may est persecute (punish) other crimes

turn, ubi facta-sunt: nisi provideris, ne

then, when they have been done : unless thou shalt have provided, lest

hoc accidat, implores judicia frustra, ubi

this may happen, thou mayest implore judgments in-vain, when

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 89

evenit. Urbe captfi, nihil reliqui

it has happened. The city having been taken, nothing of remaining

fit victis. Sed per

is made (nothing is left) to the vanquished. But by (in the name of)

immortalis (immortales) Deos, ego appello vos, qui

the immortal Gods, I address you, who
semper fecistis pluria vestras domos,
always have made of more (have valued more) your houses,

villas, signa, tabulas, quam rempublicam : si vultis

villas, statues, pictures, than the republic : if you will

retinere ista cujuscumque modi sint, quae

to retain these (things), of whatever kind they may be, which

amplexamini si praebere otium

you embrace; [are so fond of] if [you wish] to afford leisure

vestris voluptatibus ; aliquando expergiscimini,

to your pleasures j sometime (at length) arouse,

et capessite rempublicam. Non-agitur

and take-in-hand [and defend] the republic. It is not acted

de vectigalibus, non de injuriis

(we are not treating) of taxes, not of the injuries

sociorum : nostra libertas et anima est in dubio.

of allies our liberty and life is in a doubtful

Conscripti patres, seepenumero feci multa

(state). Conscript fathers, oftentimes I have made many
verba in hoc ordine:
words in this order (house) : [I have often spoken in the senate :]

saepfe questus-sum de luxuria atque avariti&

often I have complained of the luxury and avarice

nostrorum civium : que habeo multos mortalis (mortales)

of our citizens: and have many mortals

adversos ea causa : qui fecissem

adverse (to me) from that account: (I) who might have made (had made)

unquam gratiam nullius delicti mihi atque meo

ever indulgence of no fault to myself and to my
animo, haud
mind, [I who never granted indulgence to myself for a fault,] not

facilS condonabam malfc-facta lubidini alterius.

easily did pardon bad-deeds to the passion of another.
8*

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90 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

Sed tametsi vos pendebatis ea parvi,

But although you did esteem those (th[ngs) of little (consequence),

tamen respublica erat firma: opulentia tolerabat

yet the republic was strong : opulence did support

negligentiam. Vero nunc id agitur non, ne

negligence. But [now] that is treated not, whether

vivamus bonis an malis moribus; neque

we may live (we live) with good or bad morals; neither

quantum aut qu&m magnificum imperium Romani

how-great or how magnificent the government of the Roman

populi sit; sed an hsec, cujuscumque modi

people may-be; but whether these (things), of whatever kind

videntur, sint futura nostra, an una nobis-cura,

they appear, may-be about-to-be ours, or together with-us,

hostium.
of (belonging to) the enemies. [Whether ail these things may belong to

Quisquam
us, or together with ourselves belong to the enemy]. (Does) any-one

hie nominat mihi mansuetudinem et misericordiam?

here name [to me] mildness and mercy ?

Jampridem equidem amisimus vera vocabula rerum;

Long-since indeed we have lost the true titles of things;

quia largiri aliena bona vocatur liberalitas

because to bestow another's goods is called liberality

audacia malarum rerum, fortitudo; eo

boldness of (in) bad things, fortitude; therefore

respublica est sita in extremo. Quoniam

the republic is situate in extreme (danger). Since

mores habent se ita, sint sank liberales

manners have themselves so, let (them) be indeed liberal

ex fortunis sociorum; sint misericordes

out-of the fortunes of (our) allies; let (them) be compassionate

in furibus serarii: ne illis largiantur

towards the thieves of the treasury : not to them may they bestow

nostrum sanguinem,
our blood, [let them only not bestow our blood on them],

et dum parcunt paucis (dat.) sceleratis, eant

and whilst they spare a few wicked (men), they may go

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 91

perditum omnis (omnes) . bonos. Caius Caesar

to destroy all the good. Caius Caesar

disseruit pauld antfc, in hoc ordine, bene et

has discussed a little before, in this order (house), well and

composite de vit& et morte; credo, existumans

elegantly about life and death ; I believe, thinking

ea falsa, quae memorantur de inferis,

those (things) false, which are related of the low (regions), [that]

malos habere tetra, inculta, foeda, atque

the bad to have (inhabit) noisome, waste, filthy, [and]

formidolosa loca, diverso itinere & bonis.

dreadful places, in a different way (direction) from the good.

Itaque censuit pecunias eorum

Therefore he has decided the moneys (property) of them

publicandas, ipsos habendos in custodiis

to-be-confiscated, themselves to-be-kept in custodies (prison)

per municipia; videlicet, ne, si sint Romse,

through the municipal-towns; forsooth, lest, if they may be at Rom e,

eripiantur per vim, aut & popularibus

they may be rescued through force, either by the accomplices

conjurationis, aut k conduct^ multitudine. Quasi

of the conspiracy, or by a hired multitude. As-if

verd mali atque scelesti sint (sub.) tantummodo

indeed bad and wicked (men) may be (are) only

in urbe, et non per totam Italiam ; aut

in the city, and not through the whole Italy or

audacia non-possit plus ibi, ubi sunt

boldness may not-be able (to do) more there, where (there) are

minores opes ad-defendendum. Quare

less resources to- defend [means of defence]. Wherefore

equidem hoc consilium est vanum, si metuit periculum

indeed this advice is vain, if he fears danger

ex illis. Sin solus timet non in tanto metu

from them. But-if (he) alone fears not in so-great fear

omnium, refert me timere magis mihi, atque

of all, it concerns mo to fear the more for me, and

vobis. Quare cum statuetis de Publio

for you. Wherefore when you shall determine concerning Publius

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92 SA&LUSTII CATILINA.

Lentulo que caeteris; habetote pro certo, vos

Lentulus and the others; have (it) for certain, [that] you

simul decernere de
exercitu Catilinae,
at-the-same-time to decree [decree] concerning the army of Catiline,

et de omnibus conjuratis. Quanto

and concerning all the conspirators. By how-much
attentiite agetis ea, tanto
the more-attentively (vigorously) you shall do those (things), by so-much

animus erit infirmior illis : si viderint

mind (spirit) shall be weaker to them : if they shall have seen

vos languere modo paululum, aderunt feroces.

you to languish only a-little, they will be-present fierce.

[The more vigorously you act, the more you will dispirit them ; tho more

Nolite
remissly you act, the more you will encourage them.] Be-unwilling

existumare nostros majores fecisse rem-

to think [that] our ancestors to have made [made] the re-

publicam magnam ex parv& armis. Si

publio great from (being) small by arms [alone]. If

res esset (imp. sub.) ita, nos haberemus earn

the thing might be (were) so, we might have it

multo pulcherrumam quippe major copia

by-much the most-fair (splendid) : for a greater abundance

sociorum atque civium, praeterea armorum atque

of allies and ofoitizens, moreover of arms and

equorum, est nobis qu&m illis. Sed alia

of horses, is to us than to them [our ancestors]. But other

fuere, quae fecere illos magnos, quae sunt

(things) were, which made them great, which are

nulla nobis industria dotni

none to us [which we have not] industry of (at) home
justum imperium foris; animus liber in consulendo;
just government abroad; a mind free in deliberating;

neque obnoxius delicto, neque lubidini. Pro his

neither subservient to crime, nor to passion. Instead-of these

nos habemus luxuriam atque avaritiam: egestatem

we have luxury and avarice: want

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 98

public^, opulentiam privatim: laudamus divitias,

publicly, opulence privately we praise riches,

sequimur inertiam: nullum discrimen inter

we follow sloth (we make) no difference between

bonos et malos; ambitio possidet omnia praemia

the good and the bad; ambition possesses all the rewards

virtutis. Neque mirum, ubi vos capitis consilium

of virtue. Nor (is it) wonderful, when you take counsel

separating quisque sibi; ubi domi servitis

separately, every one for himself; when at home you are-slaves

voluptatibus, hie pecuniae aut gratiae; eo fit,

to pleasures, here to money or to interest ; therefore it is made

ut impetus fiat in vacuam

(happens), that an attack may be made against the empty (defenceless)

rempublicam. Sed ego omitto haec. Nobilis-

republic. But I omit these (things). • Most-

sumi cives conjuravere incendere patriam

noble citizens have conspired to burn (their) country;

arcessunt ad bellum gentem Gallorum, infestis-

they invite to war the nation of the Ga'uls, most-

sumam Romano nomini ; dux hostium est

hostile to the Roman name : the leader of the enemies is

supra caput cum exercitu: Vos

over head (is close at hand) with an army (Do) you

etiam nunc cunctamini et dubitatis, quid faciatis

even now hesitate and doubt, what you may do

hostibus deprehensis intra moenia? Censeo mise-

to enemies apprehended within the walls ? I suppose you may
reamini; adolescentuli homines deliqu&re per
pity (them) ; the very-young men have erred through

ambitionem : atque dimiitatis etiam armatos

ambition and you may dismiss (them) even armed

Nae ista mansuetudo et misericordia vertet in

Truly that mildness and mercy will turn into

miseriam vobis, si illi ceperint arma. Scilicet,

ruin to you, if they shall have taken arms. Forsooth,

res ipsa est aspera, sed vos timetis non

the thing itself is harsh [dangerous], but you fear not

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94 SALLUSTn CATILINA.

earn ! Immo, verb maxume ; sed expectantes, alius

it! Nay, indeed very-much; but awaiting, one

alium, cunctamini inertia et molliti& animi,

another, you hesitate from indolence and effeminacy of mind,

videlicet confisi immortalibus diis, qui seepfe servav^re

forsooth trusting to the immortal gods, who often have preserved -

hanc rempublicam in maxumis periculis. Auxilia

this republic in the greatest dangers. The aids

deorum parantur non votis, neque muliebribus

of the gods are procured not by vows, nor womanish

suppliciis; omnia cedunt prosper^ vigi-

Bupplicationa ; all (things) yield (occur) prosperously by watch-

lando, agendo, consulendo benfc. Implores

ing» by acting, by consulting well. Thou mayest implore
deos nequicquam, ubi tradideris (perf. sub.)
the gods in-vain, when thou mayest have (hast) delivered

te socordiae atque ignaviae: sunt

thee to heartlessness (slothfulness) and indolence : they are

irati que infesti. Apud nostros majores Aulus

angry and hostile. Among our ancestors Aulus

Manlius Torquatus jussit filium necari

Manlius Torquatus ordered (his) son to be put -to -death

Gallico bello, qudd is pugnaverat in hostem

in the Gallic war, because he had fought against an enemy

contra imperium : atque ille egregius adolescens dedit

against order: and that excellent young-man gave

poenas morte immoderatae fortitudinis.

(suffered) punishments by death of (for his) excessive bravery.

Vos-cunctamini, quid statuatis de crudelissumis

Do you-hesitate, what you may resolve concerning the most-cruel

parricidis ? Videlicet caetera vita eorum obstat

parricides ? Forsooth the rest (former) life of them opposes

huic sceleri ! Verum parcite dignitati Lentuli,

(excuses) to this wickedness ! But spare to the dignity of Lentulus,

si ipse pepercit unquam pudicitiae, si suae famaB,

if he has spared ever to chastity, if to his-own character,

si ullis .diis aut hominibus. Ignoscite adolescentiae

if to any gods or to men. Pardon to the youth

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 95

Cethegi, nisi fecit jam iterum bellum

of Cethegus, unless he has made already again war (against hi*)

patriae. Nam quid ego-loquar de Gabinio, Statilio,

country. For what shall-I-speak of Gabinius, Statilius,

Caepario, quibus si quidquam pensi fuisset

Cseparius, to whom if any of consideration might hare been

(plup. sub.) unquam, habuissent non

(had been) ever, they might have held not (had not held)

ea consilia de republic^?
those oounsels concerning the republic ? [Who, if they ever had any

reflection, would not have entertained those designs against the republic]

Postremd, conscripti patres, si locus esset

Lastly, conscript fathers, if place might be (if there were

peccato, mehercule, facile-paterer vos corrigi

room) for error, [by Hercules,] I would easily -suffer you to be corrected

re ips&, quoniam contemnitis verba. Sed

by the thing itself, since you despise words. But

sumus circumventi undique: Catilina urget

we are beset on-every-side : Catiline presses to (our)

faucibus cum exercitu: alii hostes sunt intra

jaws (closely) with an army : other enemies are within

moenia, atque in sinu urbis. Neque potest

the walls, and in the bosom of the city. Neither can

quidquam parari neque consuli occult^ : qud

any (thing) be prepared nor be consulted secretly : wherefore

est properandum magis.

it is to-be-hastened the more. [Wherefore speedy action is required.]

Quare ego ita censeo. Cfrm respublica venerit

Therefore I thus determine. Since the republic may have come

(perf. sub.) in maxuma pericula nefario consilio

(has come) into the greatest dangers by the horrible counsels

sceleratorum civium ;
que hi convicti-sint (perf. sub.)
of wicked citizens j and these may have been convicted

indicio Titi Vulturcii, et legatorum Allo-

by the information of Titus Vulturcius, and of the ambassadors oftheAl-

brogum, que confessi-(sint) (perf. sub.) paravisse

tobroges, and may have confessed to have prepared

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96 SALLUSftt CATILINA.

caedem, incendia, que alia foeda atque crudelia

murder, burnings, and other abominable and cruel

facinora in civis (cives) que patriam;

crimes against (their) citizens and country; (that)

supplicium sumendum, more majorum, de

punishment be-taken, by the custom of (our) ancestors, of

confessis, sicuti de manifestis

(on those) having confessed, as of (those) manifest (clearly

capitalium rerum."
convicted) of capital things (crimes)."

Postquam Cato assedit, omnes consulares,

After Cato sat-down, all the consular (men),

que item magna pars senatus, laudant sententiam

and also a great part of the senate, praise the opinion

ejus ; ferunt virtutem animi ad coelum

of him ; bear (extol) the virtue of (his) mind to heaven

alii increpantes vocant alios timidos: Cato habetur

others chiding call others fearful : Cato is had

clarus atque magnus: decretum senati

(accounted) renowned and great: a decree of the senate

fit, sicut ille censuerat. Sed fortS lubuit

is made, as he had determined. But by chance it has pleased

mihi, legenti multa, audienti multa praeclara facinora,

to me, reading many, hearing many illustrious exploits,

quae Romanus populus fecit domi que militiae,

which the Roman people has done at-home and at war

mari atque terra, attendere, quae res

(abroad), by sea and by land, to consider, what thing

sustinuisset maxume tanta negotia. Sciebam

might have sustained chiefly so-great affair. I did know

saepenumero contendisse parvS manu cum

(them) oftentimes to have contended with a small band with

magnis legionibus hostium: cognoveram bella gesta

great legions of enemies : I have known wars carried-on

parvis copiis cum opulentis regibus:

[by them] with small forces with opulent (powerful) kings

ad hoc saepfc toleravisse

(add) to this [that they] often to have borne [have sustained]

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8ALLUSTII CATILINA. 97

violentiam fortunes Graecos foisse ante

the violence of fortune: [that] the Greeks to have been [were] before

Romanos facundia, Gallos glorifi belli. Ac

the Romans in eloquence, the Gauls in the glory of war. And
constabat mihi, agitanti multa egregiam
it was evident to me, discussing many (things), [that] the singular

virtutem paucorum civium patravisse cuncta

virtue of a few citizens to have performed [performed] all

que factum eo, uti paupertas

(things) ; and (it was) done (came to pass) by that, that poverty

superaret (imp. mb.) divitias, paucitas multitudinem.

might overcome (overcame) riches, fewness multitude.

Sed postquam civitas corrupta-est luxu atque

But after the state was corrupted by luxury and

desidifi, respublica sustentabat rursus vitia

by inactivity, the republic did support again the vices of (its)

imperatorum atque magistratuum su£ magnitudine

generals and magistrates from its-own greatness

ac sicuti parente effeta, sanfc haud quisquam

and as-if the parent (having been) worn-out, indeed not any-one

magnus virtute fuit Romae

multis tempestatibus.
great in virtue has been at Rome for many seasons (periods).

Sed fuere mea memori& duo viri, Marcus Cato

But (there) were in my memory two men, Marcus Cato

et Caius Caesar, ingenti virtute, diversis moribus,

and Caius Caesar, with (of) great virtue, with different manners,

quos quoniam res obtulerat, fuit non

whom since the thing (the subject) has presented, it has been not

consilium praeterire silentio, quin aperirem

(mi) design to pass-by in silence, but (that) I might disclose

naturam et mores utriusque, quantum possem

the nature and manners of each, as-much-as Imight be-able

ingenio. Igitur genus, aetas, eloquentia fuere propS

by ability. Therefore extraction, age, eloquence _ were nearly

aequalia his; magnitudo animi par, item

equal to these j
(their) greatness of mind equal, likewise (their)

gloria, sed alia alii. Caesar

glory, but other (different) to the 6ther (to each). Qatar

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98 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

habebatur magnus beneficiis ac munificentia

was had (accounted) great by kindnesses and munificence;

Cato integritate vitae. Ille factus clarus

Cato by integrity of life. He (the former) (was) made renowned

mansuetudine et misericordia ; severitas addiderat

by mildness and by compassion severity had added

dignitatem huic. Caesar adeptus-est gloriam

dignity to this (the latter). Caesar obtained glory

dando, sublevando, ignoscendo ; Cato largiundo nihil.

by giving, by relieving, by pardoning; Cato by bestowing nothing.

Perfugium miseris in altero pernicies

A refuge to the wretched (was) in the other (one), destruction

malis in altero. Facilitas Alius,

to the bad in the other. The easiness (of access) of that (the former),

constantia hujus laudabatur. Postremd, Caesar

the constancy of this (the latter) was praised. Finally, Caesar

induxerat in animum laborare, vigilare,

had induced into (his) mind (ha/1 resolved) to labour, to watch,

intentus negotiis amicorum, negligere su£,

intent to (on) the affairs of friends, to neglect his-own,

denegare nihil, quod esset {imp. sub.) dignum dono

to deny nothing, which might be (was) worthy a gift

exoptabat sibi magnum imperium, exercitum, novum

he did wish for himself great command, an army, a new

bellum, ubi virtus posset enitescere. At

war, where (his) valour might be-able to shine-forth. But

studium modestiae, decoris, sed maxumfc severitatis,

a zeal of (for) moderation, of propriety, but chiefly of strictness,

erat Catoni. Certabat non cum divite divitiis, neque

was to Cato. He did contend not with the rich in riches, neither

cum factioso factione; sed cum strenuo virtute,

with the factious in faction ; but with the strenuous in virtue,

cum modesto pudore, cum innocente abstinentifi:

with the modest in modesty, with the innocent in abstinence

malebat esse bonus qu&m videri ; ita,

[and purity] : he had-rather to be good than to seem (so) ; thus,

quo minus petebat gloriam, ed magis

by what (how much) less he did seek glory, by that the more

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 99
{

adsequebatur. Postquam, uti dixi, senatus dis-

it did attend (him). After, as I have said, the senate de-

cessit in sententiam Catonis : consul ratus

parted into [adopted] the opinion of Cato : the consul having deemed

optumum factu antecapere noctem, qua instabat,

(it) best to be done to anticipate the night, which did press-on

ne quid novaretur eo
lest any (thing) might be renewed (might be changed) in that

spatio, jubet triumviros parare, quae

space [of time], orders the triumviri (sheriffs) to prepare, what

supplicium postulabat ; ipse, praesidiis dispositis,

the punishment did require; he, the guards having been arranged,

deducit Lentulum in carcerem; idem fit caeteris

leads-down Lentulus into prison ; the same is done to the rest

per praetores. Est locus in carcere, quod

by the pretors. There is a place in the prison, which

appellatur Tullianum, depressus circiter duodecim

is called Tullianum, sunk about twelve

pedes humi, ubi ascenderis paululum

feet of (in) the ground, where thou shalt have ascended a little

ad laevam. Farietes atque camera insuper, vincta

to the left. Walls and a vault from-above, bound
lapideis fornicibus, muniunt eum undique: sed
by stone arches, secure it on -every -side: but

facies ejus est foeda atque terribilis incultu,

the appearance of it is filthy and terrible from dirt

tenebris, odore. Postquam Lentulus

[from neglect], darkness, [and] stench. After-that Lentulus

demissus in eum locum, vindices capitalium

(was) sent-down into that place, the avenger of capital

rerum, quibus praeceptum-erat, fregSre

things (executioner), to whom it had been commanded, broke (his)

gulam laqueo. Ita ille patricius ex

throat with a rope [strangled him]. Thus that patrician of

clarissimfi gente Corneliorum, qui habuerat

the most-renowned nation (family) of the Cornelii, who had had

consulnre imperium Romae, invenit exitum vitag

the coiiMiiar authority of (at) Rome, found an end oflifo

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100 •ALLUSTII CATILINA.

dignum suis moribus que faetis. Supplicium

Worthy his manners and deeds. "Punishment

Bumptum-est eodem modo de Cethego, Statilio

was-taken in the same manner of (on) Cethegus, Statilius,

Gabinio, Cepario.
Gabinius, Ceparius.

Dum ea geruntur Romae, Gatilina

Whilst those (things) are oarried-on at Rome, Catiline

instituit duas legiones ex omni copiS, quam ipse

formed two legions out-of all the force, which he

adduxerat, et Manlius habuerat;

had led [had brought with him], and Manlius had had j

complet cohortes pro numero militum;

he fi lie-up the cohorts according-to (his) number of soldiers

dein uti quisque voluntarius, aut ex sociis

afterwards as each volunteer, or [those] out-of the allies

venerat in castra, distribuerat aequaliter ; ac

had come into the camp, he had distributed (them)' equally ;
and

expleverat legiones numero hominum brevi spatio

he had filled-up the legions with the number of men in a short space

cdm non-habuisset
(of time); when (whereas) he might not have had (he had not)

initio ampliiis duobus millibus. Sed circit&r

in the beginning more (than) two thousand. But ' about

quarta pars ex omni copia instructa-erat militaribus

a fourth part out-of all the force had been furnished with military

armis ; caeteri, ut casus armaverat quemque, portabant

arms j the rest, as chance had armed each, did carry

sparos aut lanceas, alii prseacutas sudes. Sed

javelins or lances, some sharp-pointed stakes. But

postquam Antonius adventabat cum exercitu, Catilina

after-that Antony did approach with an army, Catiline

^ facere iter per montes : modd

(began) to make (his) march through (over) the mountains : now

movere castra ad urbem, modd versus in Galliam

to move (his) camps to the city, now towards into Gaul

non dare occasionem pugnandi hostibus.

not to give [he did not give an] opportunity of fighting to the enemies.

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 101

Sperabat Be habiturum propediem magnas copias,

He did hope himself about-to-have shortly great forces,

si socii patravissent incepta Romas.

if (his) companions might have executed (their) andertakings at Rome.

Interea, fretus opibus conjurationis, repudiabat

Mean-time, relying to (on) the resources of the conspiracy, he did reject

servitia, cujus magnae copiae concurrebant

slaveries (slaves), of which great forces (numbers) did run-together

ad eum initio simul videri

to him in the beginning; at-the-same-time (thinking it) to seem

alienum suis rationibus, communic&sse causam civium

foreign to his purposes, to have shared the cause of citizens

cum fugitivis servis. Sed postquam nuncius pervenit

with fugitive slaves. But after-that a messenger arrived

in castra, conjurationem patefactam

into the camps, [that] the conspiracy (to be) laid-open [was dis-

Romae supplicium sumptum de

covered] at Rome; [that] punishment [was] taken of (on)

Lentulo et Cethego, que caeteris, quos memoravi

Lentulus and Cethegus, and the others, whom I have mentioned

supra; plerique, quos spes rapinarum, aut studium

Above many, whom the hope of rapines, or zeal

novarum rerum, illexerat, dilabuntur: Catilina

of new things (change), had allured, slip-away Catiline

abducit reliquos, magnis itineribus per asperos

leads-off the rest, by great marches through rugged

montis (montes), in Pistoriensem agrum, eo consilio,

mountains, into the Pistorian land, with this design,

uti profugeret occulta per tramites in Galliam. At

that he might escape secretly by by-ways into Gaul. But

Quintus Metellus Celer existumans Catilinam, ex

Quintus Metellus Celer thinking Catiline, from

difficultate rerum, agitare ilia

the difficulty of things (his circumstances), to agitate (project) those

eadem, quae diximus supra, praesidebat cum

same (things), whioh we have said above, did preside with

tribus legionibus in Piceno agro. Igitur, ubi

three legions in the Picene land. Therefore, when
9*

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102 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

cognovit iter ejus ex perfugis, movit

he knew [the direction of] the march of him from deserters, he moved

castra proper^, ac consedit sub radicibus ipsis

camps hastily, and encamped under the roots themselves

montium, qua descensus erat illi

(at the foot) of the mountains, where a descent was to him (Catiline)

properanti in Galliam. Neque tamen Antonius aberat

hastening into Gaul. Neither however Antony was distant

longfc, utpote qui sequeretur magno exercitu

far, as (One) who might (did) follow with a great army

expedites in fugam
the disencumbered (those light armed) into flight (for retreat)

sequioribus locis. Sed Oatilina, postquam vidit sese

in more-level places. But Catiline, after-that he saw himself

clausum montibus atque copiis hostium, res adversas

enolosed by mountains and the forces of the enemies, things adverse

in urbe, neque ullam spem fugae, neque prresidii,

in the city, neither any hope of flight, nor of protection

ratus optumum factu

[of succour], having deemed (it) the best [thing] to be done [he

tentare fortunam belli in tali re,

could do] to try the fortune of war in such a thing (crisis),

statuit confligere Antonio quam-primum.

resolved to engage to (with) Antony. as-first (as soon as

Itaque concione advocata, habuit

possible). Therefore an assembly having been called, he (delivered)

orationem hujuscemodi
a speech of this-kind

" Ego habeo compertum, milites verba

" I have (it) found, soldiers ! [that] words {do]

non addere virtutem viris; neque exercitum

not to add (give) valour to men ; neither [is] an army

fieri strenuum ex ignavo, neque fortem

to be made [made] vigorous from (being) indolent, nor brave

ex timido, oratione imperatoris. Quanta audacia

from fearful, by the speech of a general. How-much courage

inest animo cujusque, natura aut moribus,

[Link] to the mind of ©very-one, by nature or by dispositions,

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SALLUSTII CATILTNA. w 103

tanta solet patere in bello. Nequicquam

eo-much is-wont to lie-open (be displayed) in war. In-vain

hort^re, quem neque gloria neque pericula

thou mayest exhort (him), whom neither glory nor dangers

excitant : timor animi officit auribus. Sed ego

excite cowardice of mind obstructs to (his) ears. But I

advocavi vos, quo monerem pauca,

have assembled you, in-order-that I might advise a few (things),

simul, uti aperirem causam mei consilii.

at- the -same- time, that I might disclose the cause of my design.

Milites, scitis quantam cladem socordia atque

Soldiers, you know how-great a defeat the slothful n ess and

ignavia Lentuli attulerit ipsi que

indolence of Lentulus may have brought (has brought) to himself and

nobis, que quo modo, dum opperior prsesidia

to us, and in what manner, whilst I am-waiting-for reinforcements

ex urbe, nequiverim (perf. sub.) proficisci

out-of the city, I may have been-unable (I have been unable) to set-out

in Galliam. Verd nunc omnes intelligitis juxta*

into Gaul. But now (you) all understand equally

mecum in quo loco nostra res sint. Duo

with me in what situation our things may be (are). Two
exercitus hostium, unus ab urbe, alter k
Gallia*
armies of enemies, one from the city, the other from Gaul

obstant : egestas frumenti atque aliarum rerum

oppose (us) : the want of corn and of other things

prohibet esse diutifis in his locis, si animus

prevents (us) to be longer in these places, if (our) mind

maxumfe-ferat. Iter
may chiefly-bear (incline).- [Even if our minds incline us thereto.] A way
est aperiundum ferro, quocunque placet ire.
is to-be-opened by the sword, wheresoever it pleases (us) to go.

Quapropter moneo vos, uti sitis forti atque parato

Wherefore I advise you, that you may be with brave and prepared

animo, et memineritis, ciim "inibitis prselium,

mind, and will have remembered, when ye shall enter the battle,

vos portare divitias, decus, gloriam,

you to carry (that you carry) riches, honour, glory*

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104 SALLUSTII GATILINA.

praeterea libertatem atque patriam, in vestris dextris.

besides liberty and country, in your right

Si vincimus, omnia erunt tuta nobis

(hands). If we conquer, all (things) shall be safe to us;

commeatus abundt, municipia et colonise patebunt.

provisions abundantly, municipal-towns and colonies will be-open.

Sin cesserimus metu,

ilia eadem fient
But-if we shall have yielded by fear, those same (things) will be made

advorsae. Neque quisquam locus neque amicus

adverse. Neither any place nor friend

teget, quem arma texerint non.

will cover (protect) (him), whom arms may have oovered not. [Who has

Praeterea, milites, eadem

not protected himself by his arms.] Besides, soldiers, the same

necessitudo non-impendet nobis et illis. Nos

necessity does not-impend to (over) us and them. We
certamus pro patriS, pro libertate, pro vita:
contend for (our) country, for liberty, for life:

est supervacaneum illis pugnare pro potentiS

it is useless to them to fight for the power

paucorum. Quo, memores pristinae virtutis,

of a few. Wherefore, mindful of pristine valour,

aggredimini audacius. Licuit vobis

attack (them) the more-boldly. It was lawful for you

agere aetatem in exsilio cum summ& turpi-

to act (spend your) age in exile [with] the utmost base-

tudine : nonnulli potuistis, bonis amissis,

ness some (of you) have been-able, (your) goods having been lost,

exspectare alienas opes Romae : quia ilia

to look-to others' wealth at Rome : beoause those (things)

videbantur foeda atque intoleranda viris, decre-

did seem foul and intolerable [to men], you have re-

vistis sequi haec. Est opus audaciS

solved to follow these (my interests). (There) is need of boldness,

(all.), si vultis relinquere haec. Nemo, nisi

if you will to leave (to complete) these. No-one, unless

victor, mutavit bellum pace. Nam sperare

a conqueror; has changed war with (for) peace. For to hope

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 105

salutem in fug&, turn avertere ab hodtibus, arma

safety in flight, then to turn-away from the enemies, the arma

quis corpus tegitur, ea est ver& dementia.

by which the body is covered, that is indeed madness.

Maxumum periculum est semper iis in praelio, qui

The greatest danger is always to those in battle, who
timent maxum& : audacia habetur pro muro.
fear most boldness is had (accounted) for a wall.

Milites, cum considero Vos, et cum aestumo vestra

Soldiers, when I consider yon, and when I estimate your

facta, magna spes victories tenet me. Animus,

deeds, great hope of victory possesses me. (Your) mind,

aetas, vestra virtus hortantur me: praeterea neces-

age, your valour encourage me: moreover, neces-

situdo, quae facit etiam timidos fortis (fortes). Nam

sity, which makes even the oowardly brave. For

angustiae loci prohibent, ne multitudo hostium

the denies of the place prohibit, lest the multitude of the enemies

queat circumvenire. Quod si fortuna inviderit

may be-able to surround (us). But if fortune shall have envied

vestrae virtuti, cavete, ne inulti amittatis

to your valour, beware, lest unrevenged you may lose

animam; neu capti, trucidemini, sicuti pecora,

life nor taken, you may be slaughtered, as cattle,

potius qu&m pugnantes more virorum,

rather than fighting in the manner of men,

relinquatis cruentam atque luctuosam victoriam

you may leave a bloody and mournful victory

hostibus." >
to the enemies."

Ubi dixit haec, commoratus paululum,

When he said these (words), having delayed a little,

jubet signa canere, atque deducit ordines in

he orders the trumpets to sound, and leads-down the ranks to

aequum locum : dein, equis omnium remotis,

a level place : then, the horses all of having been removed,

qud amplior animufi esset militibus,

in- order-that a greater mind (spirit) might be to the soldiers,

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106 SALLU6TII CATILINA.

periculo exaequato, ipse pedes instruit exercitum

the danger haying been equalled, he on-foot arranges the army

pro loco atque copiis. Nam, uti planities

according-to the situation and forces. For, as a plain

erat inter montis (montes) sinistros, et aspera rapes

was between the mountains on-the-left, and a rugged rock

ab dextera, constituit octo cohortes in fronte;

from the right, he placed eight cohorts in front

collocat reliqua signa arctius in

he arranges the remaining standards (divisions) more-closely in

subsidiis. Subducit ab his in primam aciem,

reserves. He draws-out from these into the first line,

omnis (omnes) lectos, centuriones, et evocatos,

all the chosen, the centurions, and (those) called-out

praeterea quemque optumfc armatum ex

(veteran), besides every best armed (man) of

gregariis militibus: jubet Oaium Manlium curare in

the common soldiers: he orders Caius Manlius to command on
dextrS parte, quemdam Faesulanum in sinistra
the right part (wing), a certain Fsesulan on the left

ipse adsistit cum libertis et colonis

he stands with the freedmen and colonists [of Sylla's army]

propter aquilam, quam Caius Marius dicebatur habuisse

near the eagle, which Caius Marius was said to have had

in exercitu Cimbrico bello. At ex altera parte

in (his) army in the Cimbrian war. But from (on) the other side

Caius Antonius, seger pedibus, permittit exercitum

Caius Antony, diseased in feet, commits the army

Marco Petreio, legato, quod nequibat adesse

to Marcus Petreius, (his) lieutenant, because he was-unable to be-present

praelio. Ille locat veteranas cohortes,

to (at) the battle. He (Antony) places the veteran cohorts,

quas conscripserat causS tumulti (tumultus),

which he had levied by cause (on account) of the tumult,

in fronte, caeterum exercitum post eas, in subsidiis.

in the front, the rest-of the army behind those, in reserves.

Ipse circumiens equo, nominans unumquemque,

Himself (Petreius) going-about on horse, naming each-one,

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SALLUSTII CATILINA. 107

appellat, hortatur, rogat, uti meminerint

addresses, encourages, asks (them), that they may have remembered
se cernere contra inermes latrones,
(to remember) themselves to contend against unarmed robbers,

pro patri£, pro liberis, pro suis aris atque

for [their] country, for [their] children, for their altars and

focis. Militaris homo, qu6d fuerat tribunus,

hearths. (This) military man, because he had been tribune,

aut praefectus, aut legatus, aut praetor, amplius

or prefect, or lieutenant, [or pretor,] more (than)

triginta annos cum magnS, gloria in exercitu, noverat

thirty years with great glory in the army, had known

plerosque ipsos, que fortia facta eorum; accendebat

most-of them, and the brave deeds of them; he did kindle

animos militum commemorando ea. Sed ubi,

the spirits of the soldiers by recounting those (things). But when,

omnibus rebus exploratis, Petreius dat signum

all things having been explored, [Petreius] gives the signal

tub& jubet cohortes incedere paullatim.

by trumpet, (and) orders the cohorts to advance a little.

Exercitus hostium facit idem. Postquam ventum est

The army of the enemies does the same. After it was coma

ed, unde praelium posset committi k

(they came) there, whence the, battle might be engaged-in by

ferentariis, concurrunt maxumo clamore, infestis

the light-armed, they rush with the greatest shout, with hostile

signis; omittunt pila; res geritur gladiis.

standards ; cast-aside the javelins ; the affair is-carried-on with swords.

Veterani, memores pristinae virtutis,

The veterans, mindful of (their) pristine valour, (began)

instare acriter, cominus ; illi hand timidi

to press-on vigorously, hand-to-hand ; they (the others) not fearful

resistunt: certatur maxuma vi. Interea

resist it is contended with the greatest force. Meantime

Catilina versari cum expeditis in primS

Catiline (began) to be occupied with the light-armed in the first

acie : succurrere laborantibus,

line j
to relieve (to those) labouring (hard-presied),

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108 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

'

accersere integros pro sauciis; providere

tosummon fresh (men) instead-of the wounded ; to provide for

omnia; ipse pugnare multum; saepe

all (things) ; himself to fight much often

ferire hostem; exsequebatur simul officia

to strike the enemy j he did discharge at-the-same-time the duties

strenui militis et boni imperatoris. Ubi

of a vigorous soldier and of a good commander. When
Petreius videt Catilinam tendere magnfi vi,
Petreius sees Catiline to strive with great force,

contrfi; ac ratus-erat, inducit pratoriam

otherwise than he had supposed, he leads-in the pretorian

cohortem in medios hostis (hostes), interficit

cohort into the middle-of the enemies, kills

que eos perturbatos atque alios resistentes

hoth those disordered and others resisting

alibi: deinde aggreditur caeteros utrimque

elsewhere : afterwards he attacks the rest on-both-sidos

ex lateribus. Manlius et Faesulanus pugnantes

of the flanks. Manlius and the Faasulan fighting

in primis cadunt.
in the first (the van) fall. [Fell fighting among the first]

Postquam .Catilina videt copias fusas que se

After-tbat Catiline saw (his) forces routed and himself

relictum cum paucis, memor generis atque su»

left with a few, mindful of (his) race and his

pristine dignitatis, incurrit in confertissumos hostes,

ancient dignity, he rushes into the thickest enemies,

que ibi pugnans confoditur. Sed, praelio

and there fighting is run-through. But, the battle

confecto, turn verd cerneres quanta

having been finished, then in-truth thou mightest perceive how-great

audacia, que quanta vis animi, fuisset (pi. sub.)

boldness, and how-great strength of mind, might have been (had been

in exercitu Catilinse. Nam quisque, anima

in the army of Catiline. For every -one, (his) life

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 SALLUSTII CATILINA. 109

amiss&, fer& tegebat corpore

being lost, almost (for the most part) did cover with (his) body

locum, quem vivus ceperat pugnando.

the place, which (when) alive . he had taken in fighting.

Autem pauci, quos medios, praetoria cohors

But a few, whom (being) middle, the pretorian cohort

disjecerat, conciderant pauld diversius,

had dispersed, had fallen a little more-differently [more soat-

sed omnes tamen adversis vulneribus.

tered], but all however with front wounds.

Ver6 Catilina repertus-est inter cadavera

But Catiline was found among the dead-bodies of (his)

hostium longfe k suis, etiam spirans pauluHim,

enemies far from his-own (men), even breathing a little,

que retinens vultu ferociam animi,

and retaining in [his] countenance the fierceness of mind,

quam vivus habuerat. Postremo, quisquam

which (when) alive he had had. Finally, any-one

ingenuus civis ex omni copia, neque captus-est

free-born citizon of all the force, neither was taken

in prselio, neque in fugS. Ita cuncti pepercerant

in the battle, nor in the flight. So all had spared

suae que vitae hostium just*L

to their-own and the life of enemies equally. [So little did all spare

Neque, tamen,
either their own life, or that of the enemy.] Neither, however,

exercitus Komani populi adeptus-erat lsetam

the army of the Roman people had obtained a joyful

aut incruentam victoriam. Nam quisque strenuis-

or bloodless victory. For each bra-

simus aut occiderat in praelio, aut

vest (man) either had fallen [in] the engagement, or

discesserat graviter vulneratus. Autem multi,

had departed severely wounded. But many,

qui processerant & castris gratis

who had proceeded from the camps by favour (for the sake)

10

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110 SALLUSTII CATILINA.

visundi aut spoliandi, volventes cadavera, alii

of going-to-see or despoiling, rolling the dead-bodies, some

reperiebant amicum, pars hospitem, aut cognatum,

did discover a friend, part a guest, or a relation.

Fuere item, qui cognoscerent (imp. sub.)

(There) were likewise (some), who might know (did recognise)

suos inimicos. Ita lsetitia, moeror, luctus,

their- own enemies. Thus gladness, sorrow, grief,

atque gaudia varife-agitabantur per omnem

and joys were variously-mixed (exhibited) throughout the whole

exercitum.
army.

BHD OF THE OATILDCABIAN WAB,

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.
SALLUST'S JUGURTHA.

Humanum genus queritur falso de su& natura,

The human race complains unjustly of its-own nature,

qu6d imbecilla atque brevis aevi,

because (being) weak and of short age (duration),

regatur (sub.) potius sorte qu&m

it may be governed (is governed) rather by lot (chance) than

virtute. Nam contrS, invenias

by virtue (native energy). For (but) on-the-contrary you may find

reputando, neque aliud majus, neque prae-

by reflecting, neither another (thing) greater, nor more-

stabilius; que industriam hominum desse

excellent; and [that the] industry of men to bo- wan ting

magis naturae, quam vim aut

mdre [is more wanting] to nature, than strength (efficacy) or

tempus. Sed animus est dux atque imperator vitae

time. But the mind is the guide and governor of the life

mortalium, qui, ubi grassatur ad gloriam via

of mortals, which, when it advances to glory by the way

virtutis, est abundfc pollens, que potens, et clarus,

of virtue, is abundantly efficient, and powerful, and illustrious,

neque eget fortuna; quippe, quae potest

neither wants fortune; for (as being that), which is-able

neque dare neque eripere probitatem, industriam,

neither to give nor to wrest-away honesty, industry,

que alias bonas artis (artes) cuiquam.

and other good endowments for (from) any-one.
(Ill)

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112 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Sin captus pravis cupidinibus, usus

But-if (the mind) taken by depraved desires, baying used

paulisper pernicios& lubidine, pessum-datus-

(indalged) for-a-little-time destructive passion, has been precipi-

est ad inertiam et voluptates ccorporis, ubi vires,

tated to indolence and tbe pleasures of the body, when forces

tempus, ingenium defluxere per eocordiam,

(strength), time, ability have flowed-away by indolence,

infirmitas naturae accusatur : quique actores

the infirmity of nature is accused: each (of) the authors [of these

transferunt suam culpam ad negotia.

evils] transfer their-own fault to (their) affairs.

Qu6d* si tanta cura bonarum rerum esset

But if so-great a care of good things might be (were)

hominibus, quanto studio petunt

to men, with how-much zeal they seek (things) [but if men as

aliena
zealously sought good things, as they do those, which are] foreign

ac profutura nihil, etiam multum periculosa,

and about-to-profit nothing, even greatly dangerous,

neque regerentur magis, quam regerent casus;

neither might they be governed more, than they might govern chances

et procederent ed magnitudinis, ubi

(events) ; and they might advance to that (point) of greatness, where

fierent, pro mortalibus,

they might become, instead-of mortals [in as much as mortals are

aeterni gloria\ Nam uti genus hominum

allowed], everlasting in glory. For as the race of men
est compositum ex corpore et anima ; ita cunctae
is composed of body and soul; so all (our)

res que omnia nostra studia sequuntur, alia

things and all our pursuits follow, others (some)

naturam corporis, alia animi. Igitur

the nature of the body, others (the nature) of tjie mind. Therefore

praeclara facies, magnae divitise, ad-hoc vis

a fine appearance, great riches, to-this (besides) strength

corporis, et omnia alia hujuscemodi, dilabuntur

of body, and all other (things) of tais-kind, glide-away

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 113

brevi; at egregia facinora ingenii sunt

shortly but the illustrious acts of the understanding are

immortalia, sicuti anima. Postremd, uti est

immortal, as the soul. Finally, as (there) is

initium, sic finis bonorum corporis et

a beginning, so (is there) an end of the goods of the body and

fortunae; que omnia orta, occidunt; et

of fortune; and all (things) having risen, fall; and

aucta, senescunt; animus incorruptus, aeternus,

being increased, grow-old; the mind uncorrupted, eternal,

rector humani generis, agit atque habet

the ruler of the human race, acts and has (comprehends)

cuncta, neque ipde habetur.

[controls] all (things), neither itself is bad (comprehended).

Qud pravitas eorum

[Nor is it controlled by any thing.] Wherefore the depravity of those

est magis admiranda, qui dediti gaudiis

is the more to-be-wondered-at, who addicted to the pleasures

corporis, agunt aetatem per luxum atque

of the body, act (spend their) age through luxury and

ignaviam: caeterum sinunt ingenium, quo

indolence: but allow the understanding, (than) which

neque est aliud melius neque amplius

neither is (there) another (thing) better nor more-extensive

natur& mortalium, torpescere incultu atque

in the nature of mortals, to grow- torpid from wan t-of-culture and

socordiS; ciim prsesertim tarn multae, que variae

slothfulness ; when especially so many, and various

artes animi sint (sub.), quibus summa claritudo

arts of the mind may be (are), by which the highest renown

paratur. Verfim ex his artibus, magistratus et

is procured. But out-of these employments, magistrates and

imperia, postremd, omnis cura publicarum rerum,

authorities, finally, all care of public things,

videntur mihi minumS cupiunda hac tempestate:

appear to me by-no-means to-be-desired nt this time

quoniam neque honos datur virtuti, neque illi

since neither honour is given to virtue, neither they

10*

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114 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

quibis jus fuit per fraudem tuti aut magis

to whom authority has been [through fraud] (are) secure or more

honesti e6. Nam quidem regere patriam

honourable on-that-account For indeed to rule (one's) country

aut parentes vi, quamquam et possis,

or parents by force, although and (even) thou mayest be-able,

et corrigas delicta, tamen est importunum, cum

and mayest amend faults, yet it is unpleasant, since

praesertim omnes mutationes rerum portendant (sub.)

especially all changes of things may portend

caedem, fugam, que alia hostilia. Autem

slaughter, banishment, and other hostile (things). But

niti frustra neque quaerere aliud

to endeavour in-vain and-not to seek (acquire) another (thing)

fatigando se, nisi odium est extremae

by fatiguing (one's) self, unless hatred is (the part) of extreme

dementias : nisi fortS inhonesta et perniciosa

madness unless perhaps a dishonourable and destructive

lubido tenet quem, gratificari decus atque suam

passion possesses any-one, to deliver-up honour and his

libertatem potentiae paucorum. Caeterum ex aliis

liberty to the power of a few. But of other

negotiis, quae exercentur ingenuv memoria

[things], which are exercised by the understanding, the memory
rerum gestarum est in-primis magno usui;
of things carried-on (history) is particularly to great advantage

de virtute cujus, quia multi dixere,

of the virtue (merit) of which, because many have spoken [thereof ],

puto praetereundum ; simul ne quis

I think [it is] to-be-passed- by ; at-the-same-time lest any (one)

existumet extollere memet per insolentiam

may think (me) to extol myself through insolence (vanity)

laudando meum studium. Atque ego credo

by praising my pursuit. And I believe (those)

fore, qui imponant nomen

to be about-to-be [there will be those], who may impose the name
inertiae meo tanto que tarn utili labori, quia
of indolence to (on) my 10-great and so useful labour, because

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 115

decrevi agere aetatem procul a*

I have resolved to act (spend) (my) age [life] at-a-distance from

republica certfc quibus

the republic (public affairs) ; surely (they will be by those) towhom
videtur maxume industria salutare plebem, et
it seems the greatest industry to salute the community, and

quaerere gratiam conviviis. Qui, si reputaverint

to seek favour by banquets. Who, if they shall have reflected

et quibus temporibus adeptus-sum magistratum,

and (both) in what times I have obtained the magistracy,

et quales viri nequiverint (perf. subl) assequi

and what-sort-of men may have been unable to attain

idem, et postea quae genera hominum pervenerint

the same, and afterwards what kinds of men may have come
{perf. 8ub.\ in senatum, profectd existumabunt me
into the senate, in -deed will think me
mutavisse judicium mei animi magis merito
to have changed the judgment of my mind rather deservedly [for

qu&m ignavi&; que majus commodum

good reason] than from inactivity ; and greater advantage

venturum reipublicae et meo otio,

about-to-come [would result] to the republic also from my leisure (re-

quam ex negotiis aliorum. Nam

tirement), than from the businesses (activity) of others. For

saepfe audivi Quintum Maxumum, Publium Sci-

often I have heard Quintus Maximus (and) Publius Sci-

pionem, praeterea praeclaros viros nostrae

pio, besides (other) illustrious men of our

civitatis solitos dicere ita; animum

state (to have been) accustomed to speak thus; the mind

accendi sibi vehementissumfc

to be inflamed to them most- violently [that the mind was greatly

ad virtutem, ciim intuerentur

excited] to virtue, when they might (did) look-on

imagines majorum. Scilicet non illam ceram

the images of (their) ancestors. Forsooth not that wax
neque figuram habere tantam vim in sese, sed
nor figure to have so-great force in themselves, but

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116 SALLUSTII /UGURTHA.

earn flammam crescere in pectore egregiis viris

that flame to increase in the breast to the illustrious men
memorifi rerum gestarum, neque sedari prius-
by the memory of things carried-on, and-not to be allayed before-

quam virtus adaequaverit famam atque gloriam

that (their) virtue may have equalled the fame and glory

eorum, At contra^ quis omnium est

of them [their ancestors]. But on-the-other-hand, who of all is

his moribus, quin contendat

with these (the present) manners, but may contend [who is there

cum
in our present corrupt manners, that does not rather contend] with

suis majoribus, divitiis et sumptibus, non probitate

his ancestors, in riches and in expenses, not in honesty

neque industria. Etiam novi homines, qui

nor in industry. Also new (obscure) men, who
soliti-erant antea ante venire nobilitatem per
had been accustomed before to outstrip the nobility by

virtutem, nituntur ad imperia et honores

virtue, strive to [obtain] commands and honours

furtim et per latrocinia potius quam bonis artibus.

by-stealth and by robberies rather than by good arts.

Proinde-quasi prsetura et consulatus, atque omnia

Just-as-if the pretorship and consulship, and aU

alia hujuscemodi, sint clara et magnifica

other (things) of-this-kind, may be (are) illustrious and magnificent

per se, ac non-habeantur perinde, ut

by themselves, and may not-be-had (regarded) just-so, as

virtus eorum est, qui sustinent ea. Verum ego

the virtue of those is, who sustain those (offices). But I

processi liberius que altius, dum

'
have proceeded more (too) freely and more-profuundly [lar], whilst

piget que taedet me morum civitatis. Nunc

it grieves and wearies me of the morals of the state. Now
redeo ad inceptum.
I return to (my) undertaking.

Sum scripturus bellum quod Romanus populus

I am about to write the war which the Roman people

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 117

gessit cum Jugurthfi, rege Numidarum : primum,

carried-on with Jugurtha, king of the Numidians first,

quia fuit magnum et atrox, que vari£ victoriS;

because it was great and fierce, and with various victory;

dein quia primiim itum-est obviam

then because first it was gone against (opposition was made) *

#
superbise nobilitatis. Quse contentio permiscuit
to the pride of the nobility. Which contention confounded

cuncta divina et humana, que processit

all (things) divine and human, and proceeded

ed vecordise, uti bellum, atque vastitas

thither (to that pitch) of madness, that war, and the desolation

Italise, facerent finem civilibus studiis.

of Italy, might make (did make) an end to civil pursuits (conten-

Sed priusquam expedio initium hujuscemodi

tions). But before-that I prepare the beginning of this-kind

rei, repetam supra pauca qud

of thing, I will trace-back a few (things) in-order-that

ad cognoscendum omnia sint magis

[to the knowing of them] all (things) may-be more

illustria que magis in aperto. Secundo

clear and more in open (evident). In the second

Punico bello, quo Hannibal, dux

Punic war, in which Hannibal, the general of the

Carthaginiensium, attriverat maxume opes Italise,

Carthaginians, had impaired most the resources of Italy,

post magnitudinem Romani nominis;

since the greatness [renown] of the Roman name
Masinissa, rex Numidarum, receptus in
Masinissa, king of the Nuinidians, having been received into

amicitiam a Publio Scipione, cui postea fuit

friendship ,
by Publius Scipio, to whom afterwards was

cognomen Africano ex virtute, fecerat multa

the surname Africanus from (his) valour, had done many
et praeclara facinora militaris rei;
and illustrious exploits of military thing (nature),

ob quse Romanus populus dedit dono

on-account-of which the Roman people gave for a present

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118 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

regi quascumque urbis (urbes) et agros

to the king whatsoever cities and lands it (they)

ceperat manu, Carthaginiensibus victis,

had taken by hand (by force), the Carthaginians being conquered,

et Syphace capto, imperium cujus valuit

and Syphax being taken, the power of whom [Syphax] prevailed
magnum atque lat& in Afric£; igitur amicitia
great and widely in Africa ; therefore the friendship

Masinissae permansit bona atque honesta nobis.

of Masinissa continued good and honourable to us.

Sed finis imperii que vitse ejus fuit

But the end of the government and of the life ofhim was

idem. Dein Micipsa filius solus obtinuit regnum,

the same. Then Micipsa [his son] alone obtained the kingdom,

Manastabale et Gulussfi fratribus absumptis

Manastabal and Gulussa (his) brothers having been taken-off

morbo. Is genuit ex sese Atherbalem et

by disease. He begot from himself Adherbal and

Hiempsalem, que habuit domi eodem cultu

Hiempsal, and had of (at) home in the same cultivation

quo suos liberos, Jugurtham, filium

in which (he had) his-own children, Jugurtha, the son of (his)

fratris Manastabalis, quern Masinissa reliquerat

brother Manastabal, whom Masinissa had left
i

privatum, qu6d ortus-erat ex concubinaV Qui

private, because he had sprung from a concubine. Who
ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus,
when first he grew- up, prevailing in forces (bodily strength),

decora* facie, sed mult6 maxumfc validus

with beautiful appearance, but by-much most strong

ingenio, non dedit se corrumpendum luxu

in understanding, he gave-not himself to-be-corrupted to luxury,

(luxui), neque , inertiae. Sed, uti mos illius

nor to indolence. But, as the custom of that

gentis est, equitare, jaculari, certare cum

nation is, to ride, to cast-the-javelin, to contend with (his)

sequalibus cursu: et cum anteiret

equals in the course : and when (though) he might excel (did excel)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 119

omnes gloria, tamen esse cams omnibus: ad

all in glory, yet (he began) to be dear to all to

hoc agere pleraque tempora in

this (besides) to spend [he spent] most [of his] times in

venando, primus, aut in primis, ferire

hunting, [was] the first, or among the first, to strike

leonem atque alias feras, ipse facere

the lion and other wild-beasts, himself to do [did]

plurimum, et loqui minumum de se. Quibus

the most, and to say [said] the least of himself. By which
rebus, tametsi Micipsa fuerat laetus initio,
things, although Micipsa had been joyful in the beginning,

existumans virtutem Jugurthae fore gloriae

thinking the virtue of Jugurtha to be about- to-be for glory

suo regno, tamen postquam intelligit

to his kingdom, yet after he understands

adolescentem hominem crescere magis que magis,

the young man to increase more and more,

sua* aetate exacta, et [Link] parvis,

his-own age being spent out, and (his) children small,

vehementer permotus eo negotio, volvebat multa

exceedingly affected by that business, he did revolve many
cum suo animo. Natura mortalium, avida
(things) with his-own mind. The nature of mortals, covetous

imperii, et praeceps ad cupidinem animi

of command, and precipitate to the desire of the mind

explendam, terrebat
to-be-satiated, [and precipitate in gratifying their desires], did affright

eum; praeterea, opportunitas suae aetatis que

him moreover, the opportunity of his-own age and (that)

liberorum, quae agit etiam mediocres viros

of his children, which acts (drives) even moderate men
transvorsos . ad hoc studia
oblique (in a wrong direction) ; to this (besides) the zeals (affections)

Numidarum accensa in Jugurtham, ex

of the Numidians kindled towards Jugurtha (did alarm him), from

quibus erat anxius, ne qua seditio aut

whom he was anxious (apprehensive), lest any sedition or

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120 SAI*LUSTII JUGURTHA.

bellum oriretur, si interfecisset talem virum

war might arise, if he might have killed such a man
dolis. Circumventus his difficultatibus, nbi
by stratagems. Beset by these difficulties, when
videt hominem tarn acceptam popularibus
he sees a man so accepted (dear) to (his) countrymen

posse opprimi neque per vim, neque insidiis,

to be-able to be destroyed neither by force, nor by snares,

statuit objectare eum periculis, et tentare

he determined to expose him to dangers, and to try

fortunam eo modo, qudd Jugurtha erat promptus

fortune in that manner, because Jugurtha was ready

"manu, et appetens militaris gloriae. Igitur

in hand (action), and desiring of military glory. Therefore

Numantino bello, Micipsa, cum mitteret

in the Numantine war, Micipsa, when he might send (did send)

auxilia equitum (pi.) atque peditum (pi.) Romano

auxiliaries of cavalry and of infantry to the Roman
pbpulo, prsefecit Numidis, quos mittebat in
people, appointed (him) to the Numidians, whom he did send into

Hispaniam, sperans eum facile occasurum

Spain, hoping him easily about-to-fall [that he would

vel ostentando virtutem, vel seevitia

fall] either in displaying (his) valour, or by the cruelty

hostium; sed ea res evenit aliter ac

of the enemies ; but that thing happened otherwise and (than)

ratus-erat. Nam Jugurtha, ut erat impigro

he had imagined. For Jugurtha, as he was with (of) an active

atque acri ingenio, ubi cognovit naturam Publii

and sharp disposition, when he knew the nature of Publius

Scipionis, qui erat turn imperator Romanis, et

Scipio, who was then - general to the Romans, and

morem hostium, pervenerat. brevi

the manner of the enemies, had come shortly [he soon came]

in tantam claritudinem> multo labore, que multa

into so-great renown, by much labour, and by much

cur&, praeterea, parendo modestissumfc, et eundo

care, moreover, by obeying most-modestly, and by going

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6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 121

ssepe obvi&m perictdis, uti esset

often toward to dangers, [to meet danger], that lie might be (was)

vehementer carus nostris, maxumo

exceedingly dear to our (men), to the greatest [and the greatest]

terrori Numantinis. Ac sanfc erat et

terror to the Numan tines. And indeed he was and (both)

Btrenuus praelio et bonus consilio, quod est in-primis

vigorous in battle and good in counsel, which is peculiarly

difficillumum ; alterum quorum solet plerumque

most-difficult the one of which is-accustomed generally

adferre timorem ex providentifi, alterum temeritatem

to produce fear from foresight, the other rashness

ex #
audaciS. Igitur imperator agere ferfc
from boldness. Therefore the general (began) to-do almost

omnis (omnes) asperas res per Jugurtham,

all rough [perilous] things through Jugurtha,

habere in amicis, amplecti eum magis

to have (him) among (his) friends, to embrace him more

que magis in-dies, quippe

and more daily, [to become daily more attached to him], inasmuch

cujus consilium neque ullum

as whose counsel neither any [as by his counsel no]

inceptum erat frustrk. Hue accedebat

undertaking was in-vain. Hither did approach (was added)

munificentia animi et solertia ingenii, quibus

a munificence of mind and cleverness of understanding, by which

rebus conjunxerat multos ex Romanis sibi

things he had united many out-of the Romans to him

familiari amicitia. Ea tempestate fuere in nostro

in familiar friendship. In that time there were in our

exercitu complures novi atque nobiles,

army very-many new (obscure) and noble (men),

quibus divitiae erant potiores bono

towhom riches were better (more desirable) (than) good

que honesto factiosi, potentes domi, magis

and honourable (conduct) ; factious, powerful of (at) home, more

clari quAm honesti apud socios; qui

conspicuous than honourable among the allies ; who
11

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122 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

accendebant non-mediocrem animum Jugurthsd

did inflame the immoderate mind of Jugurtha

pollicitando, si rex Micipsa accidisset

by promising (frequently), if king Micipsa might have fallen (were

fore uti solus potiretur

dead) to be about-to-be that (he) alone might enjoy

imperio {all.) Numidiae,

the empire [he alone might obtain his kingdom] of Numidia, [that]

maxumam virtutem esse in ipso, omnia

the greatest valour to be [was] in himself, [that] all (things to

venalia Romae. Sed postquam, NumantiS

be) [were] saleable of (at) Rome. But after, Numantia
deleta, Publius Scipio decrevit dimittere
being destroyed, Publius Scipio resolved to dismiss

auxilia, ipse reverti domum, adduxit in

the auxiliaries, himself to return home, he led into

Praetorium Jugurtham, donatum atque laudatum

the Praetorian-tent Jugurtha, having been gifted and praised

magnified pro concione ; que ibi secretd monuit

magnificently before the assembly ; and [there] secretly advised

uti coleret amicitiam Romani populi

(him) that he should cultivate the friendship of the Roman people

potius public^ qu&m privatim; neu insuesceret

rather publicly than privately ; nor should he accustom

largiri quibus; quod esset .

(himself) to bribe to any; [for] (that) which might-be [is] (the

multorum emi periculosfc k paucis.

property) of many to be bought [is bought] dangerously from a few.

Si vellet permanere in suis artibus,

If he might wiU to continue in his-own arts, [if he continued

et gloriam et
to cultivate the abilities he possessed], and (both) glory and
regnum venturum ultrd illi:
kingdom (to be) about-to-come [would come] spontaneously to him :

sin pergeret properantitis, ipsum

but- if he should proceed more (too) hastily, himself (to be)

casurum prsecipitem sufimet pecunift.

about-to-fall [that he would fall] headlong by his-own money

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 123

Sic locutus, dimisit eum cum Uteris, quas

Thus having spoken, he dismissed him with letters (a letter), which

redderet- Micipsse. Sententia earum erat heec:

he might deliver to Micipsa. The purport of these (it) was this

virtus tui Jugurthae Numantino bello fuit

the valour of thy Jugurtha in the Numantine war has been
long& maxuma; quam rem certfc-scio esse gaudio
by far the greatest; which thing I certainly know to be for joy

tibi. Est carus nobis ob sua merita:

to thee. He is dear to us on-account-of his deserts

nitemur summa ope, ut sit idem

we will endeavour with the highest might, that he may be the same

senatui que Romano populo. Quidem gratulor

to the senate and to the Roman people. Indeed I congratulate

tibi pro nostrfi; amicitifi. En habes virum

to thee for (in regard to) our friendship. Lo thou hast a man

dignum te (abl.\ .atque suo avo MasinissS.

worthy thee, and his-own grandsire Masinissa.

Igitur ubi rex cognovit ea, qu»

Therefore when the king knew those (things), which

acceperat famS, esse ita ex literis

he had received by report, to be so from the letters (letter)

imperatoris, permotus cum virtute turn gratia

of the general, affected as-well by the valour as by the favour

viri, flexit suum animum, et aggressus-est

of the man, he bent (changed) his mind, and essayed

vincere Jugurtham beneficiis, que statim

to overcome Jugurtha by favours, and immediately

adoptavit eum et instituit haeredem pariter cum

adopted him, and appointed (him) heir equally with

filiis testamento. Sed ipse confectus

(his) sons by a will. But he being finished (spent),

post paucos annos, morbo, atque eetate, ciim

after a few years, by disease, and by age, when
intelligent finem vitse adesse sibi,
he might perceive (did perceive) the end of life to be-present to him,

dicitur habuisse verba hujuscemodi cum

[to be near], is said to have had words of this-kind with

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124 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Jugurthft, coram amicis, et cognatis, que item

Jugurtha, in-presence-of friends^ and relations, and also (his)

filiis Atherbale et Hiempsale:

sons Adherbal and Hiempsal:

"Jugurtha, ego accepi te parvum, patre

"Jugurtha, I received thee little, (thy) father

amisso, sine spe, sine opibus in

haying been lost [being dead], without hope, without resources into

meum regnum, ezistumans me non fore minus

my kingdom, thinking me not to-be-about-to-be less

carum tibi ob beneficia,

[that I would be no less] dear to thee on-aocount-of (my) kindnesses,

quam si genuissem: neque ea

than if I might have (had) begotten (thee) : neither that

res habuit me falsam. Nam

thing has had me deceived. [Nor have I been deceived.] For

ut omittam tua alia magna et egregia, novissume

that I may omit thy other great and excellent (acts), very -lately

rediens Numantia, honoravisti que me que meum

Human tia, thou hast honoured both me and
returning from my
regnum glorifi; que fecisti Romanos ex
kingdom by (thy) glory j and thou hast made the Romans from

amicis amicissumos nobis tu& virtute: nomen

friends most-friendly to us by thy valour : the name of (our)

familiae renovatum-est in Hispania: postremd,

family has been renewed in Spain finally,

vicisti invidiam glorid, quod est

thou bast conquered envy by glory, (a thing) which is

difficillumum inter mortalis (mortales). Nunc quoniam

among mortals.
most-difficult Now since

natura facit finem vitae mihi, moneo que obtestor

nature makes an end of life to me, I advise and conjure (thee)

per hanc dextram, per fidem regni, uti

by this right (hand), by the faith of a kingdom, that

habeas hos caros, qui propinqui tibi genere,

thou mayest have those dear, who relations to thee by kindred,

sunt fratres meo beneficio ; neu malis adjungere

are brothers by my kindness ; nor thou mayest prefer to attach

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 6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 125

alienos quam retinere conjunctos sanguine

(to thee) strangers than to retain (those) united by blood.

Non exercitus, neque thesauri sunt prsesidia regni,

[Not] an army, nor treasures are the defences of a kingdom,

veriim amici: pariuntur officio et fide,

but friends : they are procured by office (service) and by faith,

quos queas neque cogere armis, neque

whom thou mayest be-able neither to compel by arms, nor

parare auro. Autem quis amicior fratri

to procure by gold. But who (should be) niore-friendly to a brother

qu&m frater? aut quern alienum invenies fidem,

than a brother ? or what stranger wilt thou find faithful,

si fueris hostis tuis?

if thou mayest have been (hast been) an enemy to thy -own (relations)?

Equidem ego trado regnum firmum vobis, si eritia

Indeed I deliver the kingdom strong to you, if you will be

bcni, imbecillum si mali. Nam parvae res

good, (but) weak if bad. For small things

crepcunt concordiS, maxumoe dilabuntur discordia.

increase by concord, the greatest glide-away by discord.

Caeterum, Jugurtha, decet te ante hos, quia

But, Jugurtha, it becomes thee before these, because

es prior setate et sapienti£, providere ne

thou art superior in age and wisdom, to provide lest

quid eveniat aliter: nam in omni

any (thing) may happen otherwise [than I wish] : for in every

certamine, qui est opulentior, etiamsi accipit

contest, (he) who is more-opulent, although he receives

injuriam, tamen videtur facere quia plus-potest.

an injury, yet- seems to do (it) because he is-more-powerful.

Autem vos, Atherbal et Hiempsal, colite, observate

But you, Adherbal and Hiempsal, reverence, [and] regard

hunc talem virum ; imitamini virtutem, et enitimini

this uch a man j imitate (his) valour, and endeavour

ego ne-videar sumpsisse qu&m genuisse

(that) I may not-seem (rather) to have adopted than to have begotten

meliores liberos."
better children."

11*

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126 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Ad ea, Jugurtha, tametsi intelligebat regem

To these (words), Jugurtha, although he did perceive the king

locutum-(esse) ficta, et ipse agitabat longfe

to have spoken feigned (words), and he did revolve far

aliter animo, tamen respondit benignfc pro

otherwise in mind, yet answered kindly according- to

tempore. Micipsa moritur paucis diebus p5st.

the time. Micipsa dies a few days after.

Postquam illi fecerant justa magnified regio

After they had made the obsequies magnificently in a royal

more, reguli convenerunt in unum,

manner, the petty-princes assembled in one (place),

ut disceptarent inter se de cunctis rebus.

that they might debate among themselves about all matters.

Sed Hiempsal, qui erat minumus ex illis,

But Hiempsal, who was the least [the youngest] of them,

ferox natura, despiciens etiam antea ignobilitatem

fierce by nature, despising even before the mean-descent

Jugurthse, quia erat impar materno genere, adsedit

of Jugurtha, because he was unequal by maternal kindred, sat-beside

Atherbalem dexterS, ne Jugurtha foret medius

Adherbal on the right, lest Jugurtha might be [in the] middle

ex tribus, quod ducitur honori, et apud

of the three, which is led (esteemed) for honour, and (also) among
Numidas. Dein, tamen, fatigatus a
the Numidiaos. Afterwards, however, having been importuned by (his)

fratre, ut concederet aetati, vix transductus-est

brother, that he might yield to age, scarcely was brought-over

in alteram partem. Ibi, cum dissererent

to the other part (side). There, when they might (did) discuss

multa de imperio administrando, Jugurtha

many (things) about the government to-be-administered, Jugurtha

jacit inter alias res oportere omnia

throws-out among other things to behove (that it was fit) all

consulta et decreta quinquennii rescindi, nam

the decisions and decrees of (the last) five years to be rescinded, for

Micipsa confectum annis per ea tempora,

Micipsa worn-out with years during those times,

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 127

valuisse parum animo. Turn Hiempsal

to have availed little in mind. [Was weak in mind.] Then Hiempsal

respondit idem placere sibi nam

answered [that] the same to please to him [pleased him] : for

illum-ipsum '
pervenisse adoptione
[that he] himself ( Jagnrtha) to hare come [had come] by adoption

in regnum his tribus proxumis annis.

into the kingdom in these three next (latest) years.

Quod verbum descendit altihs in pectus Jugurthae

Which word descended more-deeply into the breast of Jugurtha

qu&m quisquam ratus-(erat). Itaque anxius ira et

than any-one had supposed. Therefore restless by anger and

metu ex eo tempore, moliri, parare,

by fear from that time, (he began) to contrive, to prepare,

atque habere ea modd in animo, quibus

and to have those (things) only in mind, by which

Hiempsal caperetur per dolum. Quae uti

Hiempsal might be taken throngh srtatagem. Which as

procedunt tardi&s, neque ferox animus

they advance more (too) slowly, neither (his) fierce mind

lenitur, statuit perficere inceptum quovis

is soothed, he determined to accomplish (his) undertaking by any

modo. Placuerat primo conventu, quern

manner. It had pleased (them) in the first assembly, which

memoravi supra, factum-(esse) ab regulis, •

I have related above, to have been made, by the petty-princes, [that]

thesauros dividi .propter dissen-

the treasures to be divided [should be divided] on-account-of disagree-

sionem, que finis (fines) imperii constitui

merit, and the boundaries of government to be assigned [should

singulis. Itaque tempus decernitur ad

be assigned] to each. Therefore a time is decreed to (for)

utramque rem, sed maturius ad pecuniam distri-

each thing, but sooner to the money to-be-dis-

buendam.
tributed. [But that the money should be first distributed.]

Reguli concessere interea in loca propinqua

The petty-princes departed mean-time into the places near

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128 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

thesauris, alius alid (alius alio). Sed Hiempsal

to the treasures, one one way (another the other-way). But Hiempsal

fort& utebatur, in oppido, ThirmidS, domo ejus,

by-chance did use, in the town, Thirmida, the house of him,

qui fuerat proxumus lictor * Jugurthae, semper

who had been the nearest (chief ) lictor of Jugurtha, always

carus que acceptus ei: quern ministrum

dear and received (agreeable) to him : which ,
servant

oblatum casu, ille onerat promissis, que impellit,

presented by chance, he loads with promises, and impels (him),

uti eat tanquam visens suam domum: paret

that he may go aa-if visiting his house: may procure
adulterinas claves portarum, nam verae refere-
false keys of the gates, for the true (keys) were car*

bantur ad Hiempsalem: caeterum seipsum venturum

ried back to Hiempsal but himself about-to-come

cum magnft manu, ubi res postularet.

with a great band, when the thing might require. [But that he

Numida
himself would come with a great force, at the proper time.] The Numidian

conficit mandata brevi ; atque introducit milites

finishes (his) commands shortly ; and leads-in the soldiers

Jugurthae noctu, uti doctus-erat. Qui postquam

of Jugurtha by-night, as he had been instructed. Who after that

irrup^re in aedes diversi

they burst-in into the houses (house) different (here and there) (began)

quaerere regem, interficere alios dormientis

to seek the king, to kill others (some) sleeping,

(dormientes), alios occursantis (occursantes)

others meeting (them);

scrutari abdita loca ; effringere clausa miscere

to search the hidden places ; to break-open closed (places) : to mingle

omnia strepitu et tumultu: cum interim

all (things), with noise and tumult when mean-time

Hiempsal reperitur occultans se tugurio ancillse

Hiempsal is found concealing himself in the hut of a servant

mulieris, quo profugerat initio pavidus et

Woman, whither he had fled in the beginning fearful and

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 129

ignarus loci. Numidae referunt caput ejus,

ignorant of the place. The Numidians carry-back the head of him,

uti
*
jussi-erat, ad Jugurtham. Cseterihn fama
as they had been ordered, to Jugurtha. But the report

tanti facinoris divulgatur brevi per omnem Africam

of so-great a crime is divulged shortly through all Africa

metus invadit Atherbalem, que omnis (omnes), qui

fear • seizes Adherbal, and all, who

fuerant sub imperio Micipsae. Numidae discedunt

had been under the government of Mioipsa. The Numidians depart

in duas partes : plures sequuntur Atherbalem,

(divide) into two factions : the more follow Adherbal,

sed meliores bello ilium alterum. Igitur

but the better in war that other [Jugurtha]. Therefore

Jugurtha armat copias qu&m maxumas potest

Jugurtha arms forces as* greatest he can [collects

adjungit urbis (urbes) partim y\> alias

a great force] : unites cities partly by force, others

voluntate suo imperio ;

parat imperare omni
by inclination to his government; prepares to rule ail [over all]

Numidiae. Atherbal, tametsi miserat legatos

Numidia. Adherbal, although he had sent ambassadors (to)

Romam, qui docerent senatum de caede fratris,

Rome, who might inform the senate of the murder of (his) brother,

et suis fortunis; tamen fretus multitudine militum,

and his-own fortunes yet relying on tho multitude of soldiers,

parabat contendere armis. Sed ubi res venit ad

did prepare to contend with arms. But when the thing came to

certamen, victus profugit ex praelio in

a contest, being conquered be fled from battle into the [Roman]

provinciam, ac conteridit dehinc Romam. Turn

province, and hastens thence (to) Rome. Then

Jugurtha, consiliis patratis, postquam potiebatur

Jugurtha, (his) designs being accomplished, after that he did possess

omni NumidiS. (abl), reputans cum animo in otio

all Numidia, revolving with (his) mind in leisure

suum facinus, timere Romanum populum, neque

his crime, (began) to fear the Roman people, neither

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130 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

habere spem usquam advorshs iram ejus,

to have hope any-where against the wrath of it (them),

nisi in avariti& nobilitatis, et su& pecuniS.

unless in the avarice of the nobility, and in his-own money.

Itaque paucis diebus, mittit legatos Romam cum

Therefore in a few days, he sends ambassadors (to) Rome with

multo auro que argento, quis prsecipit uti primum

much gold and silver, to whom he instructs that • first

expleant veteres amicos muneribus, dein anquirant

they may satisfy (his) old friends with presents, then may aoquire

novos: postremd ne-cunctentur parare largiundo

new finally theymay not-hesitate to procure by bribing

quemcumque possint. Sed ubi legati venere

whomsoever they may be-able. But when the ambassadors came #

Romam, et misere ex prsecepto regis,

(to) Rome, and sent according-to the instruction of the king,

magna. munera hospitibus que aliis, auctoritas

great presents to (his) hosts and to others, the authority

quorum pollebat in senatu ea tempestate:

of whom was powerful in the senate at that time

tanta commutatio incessit ut Jugurtha

so-great a change seized (them) that Jugurtha might (did)

veniret ex maxumfi, invidiS in gratiam et

come from the greatest envy (odium) into the interest and

favorem nobilitatis. Pars quorum inducti spe, alii

favour of the nobility. Part of whom induced by hope, others

praemio, nitebantur ambiundo singulos

by reward, did endeavour by going-about (canvassing) single (members)

ex senatu, ne-consuleretur gravius

of the senate, (that) it might not-be-consulted more (too) severely

in eum.
against him. [That too severe measures might not be adopted against

Igitur, ubi legati satis-confidunt,

him.] Therefore, when the ambassadors are sufficiently-confident,

senatus datur utrisque constituto die. Turn

the senate (a hearing) is given to each on an appointed day. Then
accepimus Atherbalem locutum-(esse) hoc modo:
we have heard Adherbal to have spoken in this manner

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 131

"Conscripti patres! mens pater Micipsa moriens

"Conscript fathers! my father Micipsa dying

praecepit mihi, uti existumarem tantummodo procura-

instraoted to me, that I should think only. the guardian-

tionem regni Numidiae meam ; caeteriim jus et

ship of the kingdom of Namidia mine but the right and

imperium esse penes vos: simul eni-

govenjment to be in-the-power-of you : at-the-same-time I should en-

terer esse maxumo usui Romano populo domi

deavour to be for greatest use to the Roman people at-home

que militise. Ducerem vos in locum

and of war (abroad). I should lead (regard) you in the plaoe

cognatorum mihi, vos affinium si

of relations to me, you of neighbours [and as neighbours] : if

fecissem ea, me habiturum

I might have done (had done) those (things), me about-to-have [that I

exercitum, divitias, munimenta regni

would have] an army, riches, fortifications of the kingdom

in vestra amicitifi. Quae praecepta mei patris

in your friendship. Which precepts of my father

ciim agitarem, Jugurtha, sceleratissimus

when I might (did) revolve, Jugurtha, the most-wicked

homo omnium, quos terra sustinet, vestro imperio

man of all, whom the earth sustains, your command
contempto, expulit me nepotem Masinissae, etiam
being despised, has expelled me the grandson of Masinissa, even

ab stirpe socium atque amicum Bomani

from stem (earliest origin) an ally and friend of the Roman

populi, regno que omnibus fortunis. Atque

people, from my kingdom and all fortunes. And
ego, conscripti patres, quoniam eram venturus
I, conscript fathers, since I was about-to-como

*e6 miseriarum, vellem me posse

to that (pitch) of miseries, should will me to bo-able [could have

petere auxilium h vobis potiiis

wished, that I were able] to seek aid from you rather

ob mea, qu&m ob beneficia

on-account-of my-own [services], than on-aocount-of the kindnesses

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132 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

meorum majorum ; ac maxumfe, beneficia

of my ancestors ; and chiefly, [that] kindnesses [favours]

deberi mihi a Romano populo, quibus

to be due [might be due] to me by the Roman people, which

egerem non: secundum ea, utl

I might want not [to be requited] : next- to those, that

uterer debitis, si erant desideranda. Sed

I might use (them as) due, if they were to-be-wanted. But

quoniam probitas ipsa est parum tuia per se,

since honesty self is little (not) safe by itself,

neque fuit in manu mihi, qualis

neither was it in hand (possible) to me, (to know) what-sort

Jugurtha foret;
Jugurtha might be [to determine what sort of person Jugurtha

confugi ad vos, conscripti patres, quibus

might be] ; I have fled to you, conscript fathers, towhom
cogor esse oneri priusqu&m usui,
I am compelled to be for a burden before-that for advantage

quod est miserrumum mihi.

[I have been of any use to you], which is very-wretched to me.

Caeteri reges aut victi bello, recepti-sunt in

The rest (other) kings either conquered in war, have been received into

amicitiam k vobis, aut appetiverunt vestram societatem

friendship by you, or have sought your alliance

in suis dubiis rebus. Nostra familia instituit

in their doubtful affairs. Our . family instituted

amicitiam cum Romano populo Carthaginiensi bello,

friendship with the Roman people in the Carthaginian war,

quo tempore fides ejus erat magis petenda

in which time the faith (honour) of it was more to-be-sought

quam fortuna. Conscripti patres ! nolite

than the fortune [the advantage]. Conscript fathers ! be-unwilling

pati me progeniem quorum nepotem Masinissae

to suffer me the offspring of whom the grandson of Masinissa

petere auxilium & vobis frustr&. Si haberem

to seek aid from you in-vain. If I might have (had)

nihil causae ad-impetrandum, praeter miserandam

nothing of cause to-obtain (it), except (my) miserable

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6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 133

fortunam; qu&d pauld antfe rex potens genere,

fortune; that a little before a king powerful in race,

fara&, atque copiis, nunc deformatus serumnis,

in fame, and in resources, now deformed by woes,

inops exspecto alienas opes: tamen

destitute I look to foreign (others) resources yet

erat majestatis Romani populi prohibere

it was (the part) of the majesty of the Roman people to prohibit

injuriam: neque pati regnum cujusquam

injury neither to suffer the kingdom of any-one

crescere per scelus. Verihn ejectus-sum

to increase by wickedness. But I have been cast-out

iis finibus, quos Romanus populus dedit meis

from those boundaries, whioh the Roman people gave to my

majoribus: unde pater, et meus avus uni

ancestors whence (my) father, and my grandfather together

vobiscum expulere Syphacem et Carthaginienses.

with -you expelled Syphaz and the Carthaginians.

Conscripti patres ! vestra beneficia erepta-sunt

Conscript fathers ! your kindnesses have been torn-from

mihi, vos despecti-estis in me& injuria. Eheu

to me, ye have been despised in my injury. Alas

miserum me pater Micipsa, tua beneficia

wretched me! (whether), father Micipsa, thy * favours

evasere huccine, uti is, quern tu fecisti

have come hither (to this), that he, whom thou hast made
parem cum tuis liheris, que participem regni,
equal with thy-own children, and a partner of the kingdom,

sit potissimiim extinctor tuae

stirpis ? Ne
may be chiefly the destroyer of thy stem (race) ? Whether

ergo nostra familia erit nunquam quieta?

therefore our family shall be never tranquil ?

Ne versabimur semper in sanguine, ferro

Whether shall we be engaged always in blood, in iron

fuga? Dum Carthaginienses fuere incolumes,

(sword), in flight ? Whilst the Carthaginians were safe,

patiebamur omnia sseva jure. Hostis ab

we did suffer all cruel (things) by right An enemy from (oar)
12

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134 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

latere: vos amici procul:

side : [an enemy pressing hard on us] : yon friends at-a-dibtance

omnis spes erat in armis. Postquam ilia pestis

all hope was in arms. After that plague

ejecta-est ex Africfi, laeti agitabamus pacem,

was-cast-out out-of Africa, joyful we did agitate (enjoy) peace,

quippe quis erat nullus hostis, nisi fortfe

forsooth to whom there was no enemy, unless by chance

quern jussissetis. Autem

whom you might have ordered [us to consider as such]. But

ecce ! Jugurtha ex-improviso, efferens sese intolerance

lo! Jugurtha suddenly, exalting himself with intolerable

audacia, scelere, atque superbifi, meo fratre, atque

boldness, wickedness, and pride, my brother, and

eodem suo propinquo interfecto, primum fecit

the same his-own relation being killed, first made
regnum ejus prsedam sui sceleris: post, ubi
the kingdom of him the plunder of his wickedness : after, when
nequit capere me iisdem dolis, exspectantem
he is-unable to take me by the same stratagems, expecting

nihil minus, quam vim aut bellum, efficit in

nothing less, than violence or war, he makes (me) in

vestro imperio, sicut videtis, extorrem patriS,

your government, as you see, an exile from (my) country,

domo, inopem et coopertum miseriis, ut

from home, destitute and covered with miseries, (so) that

essem tutiiis ubivis qu&m in meo regno. Ego

I might be safer any-where than in my kingdom. I

existumabam sic, conscripti patres, uti audiveram

did think thus, conscript fathers, as I "had heard

meum patrem prsedicantem, eos, qui colerent

my father declaring, those, who might cultivate

diligenter vestram amicitiam, suscipere multum

diligently your friendship, to-undertake much
laborem, caeterum esse maxumfc tutos ex omnibus.
labour, but to be most safe of all.

Quod fuit in nostra familiS,

What has been in (in the power of) our family,

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 135

praestitit, ut adesset vobis

it has performed, that u might be present (was present) to yon

in omnibus bellis: conscripti patres, est vestrft

in all wars conscript fathers, it is in your

manu uti nos simus tuti per otium.

hand (power) that we may be safe through leisure (in time of

Pater reliquit nos duos fratres:

peace). (My) father left us two brothers:

ratus-est Jugurtham fore

be supposed [that] Jugurtha to be about-to-be [would be]

conjunctum tertium nobis suis beneficiis. Alter

allied (as) a third to us by his favours. Another

eorum necatus (est) ego

(one) of them has been killed ; [my brother was killed] I

ipse alter vix effugi impias manus.

myself the other scarcely have escaped his impious hands.

Quid agam? aut qu6 potissumum infelix

•What shall I do ? or whither chiefly unhappy

accedam? Omnia praesidia generis

shall I go-to ? All the protections of (my) race

extincta-sunt pater concessit naturae, uti

have been extinguished : (my) father yielded to nature, as

erat necesse; propinquus, quern minumfc decuit,

was necessary ; a relation, whom by-no-means it became,

eripuit vitam fratri per scelus: alia

snatched life to (from my) brother by wickedness : another (one)

clades oppressit alium: affines, amicos,

calamity oppressed another (one) : (my) kinsmen, friends,

meos caeteros propinquos, capti ab JugurtM,

my other relations, (those) taken by Jugurtha,

pars acti-sunt in crucem pars objecti

part have been driven (affixed) to a cross part exposed

bestiis: pauci, quibus anima relicta-est,

to beasts : few, to whom soul (existence) has been left,

clausi in tenebris, exigunt vitam graviorem

shut-up in darknesses, spend life more-severe (than)

morte cum moerore et luctu. Si omnia, quae

death with sorrow and grief. If all (things), which

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136 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

ftut amisi, aut facta-sunt advorsa ex necessariis

either I have lost, or have been made adverse from necessary

manerent incolumia; tamen si quid

(friendly) might remain safe; yet if any (thing)

mali accidisset, ex-improviso,

of evil might have happened (had happened) suddenly,

implorarem vos, conscripti patres, quibus decet,

I would implore you, conscript fathers, to whom it becomes,

jus et omnia (omnes) injurias esse

right and (that) all injuries to be [should be]

curae, pro magnitudine imperii.

for care, [cared for], for (considering) the greatness of (your) empire.

Verd nunc exul patrifi, domo, solus

But now an exile from (my) country, from home, alone

atque egens omnium honestarum rerum, quos

and needing of all honourable things, whom
accedam, aut quos appellem? ne nationes
may I go-to, or whom may I address ? whether (those) nations

an reges, omnes qui sunt infesti nostra familiae

or kings, all who are hostile to our family

ob vestram amicitiam ? an licet mihi adire

on^account-of your friendship T or is-it-lawful for me to go
quoquam, ubi sint non plurima hostilia
any-wbere, where there may-be not very-many hostile

monumenta meorum majorum? an potest quisquam,

monuments of my ancestors? or can any-one,

qui aliquando fuit hostis vobis

who sometime [at any time] has been an enemy to you

misereri nostri? Postrem6, Masinissa ita

to pity of us ? [pity us] ? Finally, Masinissa so

instituit nos, conscripti patres, ne-coleremus

instructed us, [conscript fathers], (that) we should not-cultivate

quern, ne-acciperemus societates,

[the friendship of] any one, (that) we should not-receive alliances,

ne nova foedera, nisi Romani populi:

not new leagues, unless (those) of the Roman people

abundfc magna praesidia fore nobis in vestra

abundantly great protections to be about-to-be to us in your

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 SALLDSTII JUGURTHA. 137

amicitiS:
friendship : [that your friendship would be an ample protection to us] :

occidenduin nubis unii, si

to-be-fallen to (by) us [that we must fall] together, if

fortuna mutaretur huic imperio. Estis magna et

fortune should be changed to this empire. Ton are great and
opulenti virtute ac diis volentibus; omnia
opulent by valour and the gods willing; all (things)

sunt secunda et obedientia; qu6 licet curare

are prosperous and obedient; wherefore it is- lawful to take-care

facilius injurias sociorum. Vereor tantum

(redress) more-easily the injuries of allies. I fear only

illud, ne privata amicitia Jugurthae, parum cognita,

that, lest the private friendship of Jugurtba, little known,

agat quos transvorsos: quos ego audio

may drive any oblique (astray) : whom I hear

niti maxum£ ope, ambire, fatigare vos

to endeavour with greatest might, to go-about, to importune you

singulos, ne-statuatis quid de

single (individually), (that) you may not-determine any (thing) of (him)

absente, causfi incognitS: me,

absent, (his) cause being unknown (unheard) : [that] me, [I],

cui licuerit manere in

to whom it may have been -lawful [it was permitted] to remain in (my)

regno fingere verba, et simulare fugam.

kingdom to feign words, and to pretend flight. [Made- a feigned

Qu&d utinam videam ilium,

statement and pretended flight]. But 0-tbat I may see him,

impio facinore cujus projectus-sum in has

by the impious crime of whom I have been cast into these

miserias, simulantem hsec eadem: et

miseries, pretending these same (things): and (that)

aliquando cura humanarum rerum oriatur aut apud

some-time a cure of human things may arise either with

vos aut apud immortalis (immortales) deos ; ut ille,

you or with the immortal gods; that he,

qui est nunc ferox atque praeclarus suis soeleribus,

who is now fierce and conspicuous by [his] crimes,
12*

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138 SALLUSTn JUGURTHA.

excniciatus omnibus malis, reddet gravis (graves) poenas

tortured by all evils, will return heavy penalties

jmpietatis in nostrum parentem, necis mei fratris,

of impiety unto our parent, of [for] the murder of my brother,

que mearum miseriarum. Jam, jam, frater carissume

and of [for] my miseries. Now, now, brother most-dear

meo animo, quamquam vita erepta-est tibi,

to my mind, although life has been torn to (from) thee,

immaturo, et unde minume-decuit

immature [while quite young], and whence (by whom) it-least-became

tamen puto tuum casum magis lsetandum quam

yet I think thy lot more to-be-rejoiced-at than

dolendum. Enim amisisti non simul cum anim£

to-be-grieved-at For thou hast lost not together with life

regnum, sed fugam, exilium, egestatem et omnis

a kingdom, but flight, exile, want and 'all

(omnes) has serumnas, quae premunt me: At ego

these woes, which oppress me: But I

infelix, praecipitatus in tanta mala, pulsus ex

unhappy, precipitated into so-great evils, driven out-of (my)

patrio regno, praebeo spectaculum humanarum rerum

native kingdom, afford a spectacle of human things;

incertus quid agam, ne ipse egens

uncertain what I may do, whether jnyself wanting (destitute)

auxilii, persequar tuas injurias, an potestas

of aid, shall prosecute thy wrongs, or (whether I) the power

cujus vitse que necis pendet ex alienis opibus,

of whose life and death depends of (on) foreign (others') resources

consulam regno.
[depends on the aid of others], may consult (provide) for the kingdom.

Utinam ! emori
[May provide for the welfare of the kingdom.] 0-that ! to die

esset honestus exitus meis fortunis, ne-viderer

might be an honourable issue to my fortunes, (that) I might not- seem

vivere contemptus, si defessus malis, concessissem

to live despised, if wearied by evils, I might have yielded

injuriae. Nunc quoniam neque lubet

(had yielded) to injury. Now since neither it pleases (me)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 139

vi'vere, neque licet mori sine dedecore, conscripti

to live, nor is it-lawful to die without disgrace, conscript

patres, per vos, per liberos atque vestros parentes

fathers, by you, by (your) children and your pareuts,

per majestatem Romani populi, subvenite mihi

by the majesty of the Roman people, aid to me [me]

misero; ite obvi&m injuriae; nolite pati

wretched; go toward (oppose) to injury; be-unwilling to suffer

regnum Numidiae, quod est vestrum, tabescere per

the kingdom of Numidia, which is your-own, to waste-away by
,,
scelus et sanguinem nostrae familiae.
wickednesjLand the blood of our family."

Postquam rex fecit finem loquendi, legati

After- that the king made an end of speaking, the ambassadors

Jugurthse, freti magis largitione qu&m causa,

of Hugurtha, relying more on bribery than (their) cause,

respondent paucis: Hiempsalem

answer in few (words) Hiempsal (to have been)

interfectum ab Numidis, ob suam saevitiam ;

killed by the Numidians, on-account-of his cruelty;

Atherbalem inferentem bellum ultro queri

[that] Adherbal bringing-on war spontaneously to complain

postquam superatus-sit
[complained] after' that he may have been conquered (was conquered)

quod nequisset facere injuriam:

beoause he might have been unable (had been unable) to do injury :

Jugurtham petere ab senatu

[that] Jugurtha to seek [sought] from the senate (that)

ne-putaret se alium ac cognitus-esset

it might not-tbink himself other than he might have been known

Numantiae, neu poneret verba

(had been known) atNumantia, nor might place the words

inimici ante sua facta. Deinde utrique egrediuntur

of an enemy before his deeds. Afterwards both go-out

curia: senatus statim consulitur: fautores

from the senate-house : the senate immediately is consulted : the favourers

legatorum, praeterea magna pars depravata gratia,

of the ambassadors, besides a great part corrupted by favour

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140 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

nitebantur contemnere dicta Atherbalis,

(interest), did endeavour to despise the sayings ofAdherbal,

extollere virtutem Jugurthae laudibus, gratia, voce,

to extol the virtue of Jugurtha by praises, by favour, by yoice,
denique omnibus modis pro alieno scelere et
finally by all means for foreign (another's) wickedness and

flagitio,
villany [they exerted themselves to defend the wickedness and villany

quasi pro su& gloria. At contra

of another], as-if for their-own glory. But on-the-other-hand

pauci, quibus bonum et aequum erat carius

a few, towhom good and just was dearer (than)

divitiis, censebant subveniendum Atherbali,

riches, did think to-be-relieved to Adherbal (Adherbnl

et mortem Hiempsalis $ever&

should be relieved) and the death of Hiempsal severely

vindicandam. Sed ex omnibus maxumfc iEmilius

to-be-avenged. But out-of all chiefly iEmilius

Scaurus, nobilis homo, impiger, factiosus, avidus

Scaurus, a noble man, active, factious, greedy

potentiae, honoris, divitiarum, cseterum callidfc

of power, of honour, of riches, but cunningly

occultans sua vitia. Postquam is videt famosara

concealing his vices. After that he sees the infamous

que impudentem largitionem regis, veritus

and shameless bribery of the king, having feared

quod solet in tali re, ne polluta licentia

what is-usual in such a thing, lest the polluted licentiousness

accenderet invidiam, continuit

might inflame envy [might excite odium], he restrained (his)

animum a consueta lubidine. Tamen ilia pars,

mind from [his] wonted passion. However that part

quae anteferebant pretium aut gratiam vero,

[party], which did prefer reward or favour to truth,

vicit in senatu. Decretum -fit, uti decern

conquered in the senate. A decree is made, that ten

legati dividerent regnum quod Micipsa obtinucrat,

ambassadors should divide the kingdom, which Micipsa had obtained,

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 141

inter Jugurtham et Atherbalem. Cujus legationis,

between Jugurtba and Ad herbal. Of which embassy,

Lucius Opimius, clarus homo, et turn potens in

Lucius Opimius, an illustrious man, and then powerful in

senatu, fuit princeps ;

quia conBul, Caio Graccho
the senate, was chief; because (as) consul, Caius Gracchus

et Marco Fulvio interfectis, exercuerat acerrumS

and Marcus Fulvius being killed, he had exercised very-sharply

vindictam nobilitatis in plebera. Jugurtha,

the revenge of the nobility against the common-people. Jugurtha,

tametsi habuerat eum in amicis Romae, tamen

although he had had him among friends at Rome, yet

recepit curatissumS; perfecit dando

received (him) most-attentively ; he [Jugurtha] accomplished by giving

et pollicendo multa, uti anteferret

and by promising many (things), that he might prefer [that Opimius

commodum regis famae, fide (fidei),

should prefer] the convenience of the king to fame, to faith (honour),

postremd omnibus suis rebus. Aggressus reliquos

lastly to all his-own things. Having attacked the remaining

legatos e&dem vi&, capit plerosque

ambassadors [in the same manner], he takes most : [he gains most

fides fuit carior paucis, quam pecunia.

of them] : faith (honour) was dearer to few, than money.

In divisione, pars Numidiae, quae attingit Mauritaniam,

In the division, the part of Numidia, which touches Mauritania,

opulentior agro que viris, traditur Jugurtbae.

more-opulent in land and in men, is delivered to Jugurtha.

Atherbal possedit illam alteram potiorem specie

Adherbal possessed that other (part) better in appearance

quam usu, quae erat portuosior, et magis exornata

than in use, which was superior-in-harbours, and more furnished

sedificiis. Res videtur postulare

-with buildings. The thing (subject) seems to require (me)

exponere situm Africae paucis, et attingere

to explain the situation of Africa in few (words), and to touch-on

eas gentis (gerftes) quibuscum bellum aut amicitia

those nations with which war or friendship

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142 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

fuit vobis. Sed loca, et nationes, item

had been to us. But the places, and nations, also

solitudines, quae frequentata-sunt minis ob

deserts, which have been frequented less on-account-of

calorem aut asperitatem, narraverim haud facile

heat or roughness, I may have related not easily

compertum, de iis;
(as) discovered, of those j
[I cannot easily, or with any certainty,

absolvam
relate what may have been discovered respecting them] ; I will despatch

caetera quam-paucissumis.
the rest in the fewest possible (words).

In divisione orbis terrae, plerique posuere

In the division of the globe of the earth, most have placed

Africam in tertifi, parte: pauci Asiam et

Africa in the third part a few (say) Asia and

JEuropam tantummodo esse, sed Africam

Europe only to be, but Africa (to be contained)

in Europa. Ea babet finis (fines) ab occidente,

in Europe. It has [for] boundaries from (on) the west,

fretum nostri maris et oceani: ab ortu

the strait of our sea and of the ooean [Gibraltar] : from the rising

solis declivem latitudinem,

of the sun (on the east) a sloping latitude, [extent in breadth],

quern locum incolae appellant Catabathmon. Mare

which place the inhabitants call the Catabathmus. The sea

saevum, importuosum: ager fertilis frugum,

(is) rough, harbourlesB the land fertile of fruits

bonus pecori, infoecundus arbori: penuria aquarum

good for cattle, unfruitful for tree : soarcity of waters

coelo que terrfi

from heaven and from earth : [there is a scarcity of rain and of rivers]

genus bominum salubri corpore, velox,

the race of men with (of ) wholesome body, swift,

patiens laborum: senectus dissolvit plerosque,

enduring of labours: old-age destroys most,

nisi qui interfere ferro, aut k bestiis:

unless (those) who have perished by iron (sword), or by beasts

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 143

nam morbus haud ssepe superat quemquam. Ad

for disease not often overcomes any-one. To

hoc plurima animalia malefici generis. Sed

this (besides) very-many animals of a destructive kind. But

dicam quam-paucissumis, qui mortales habuerint

I will tell in the-fewest-possible (words), what mortals may have bad

Africam initio, que qui postea

(inhabited) Africa in the beginning, and who afterwards

accesserint, aut quo modo per-

may have approached (were added), or in what manner they may have

mixti-sint inter se, quamquam est diversum

been intermingled among themselves, although it is different

ab ea fam&, quae obtinet plerosque,

from that report [account], which possesses most [that

tamen, ut interpretatum-est nobis ex

generally prevails], however, as it has been interpreted to us out- of

Punicis libris, qui dicebantur regis

the Punic books, which were said (to be those) of king

Hiempsalis; que uti cultores ejus terras

Hiempsal and as the tillers [inhabitants] of that land

putant rem habere sese. Caeterum fides

think the thing to have itself [believe]. But the faith

ejus rei erit pen£s

k
auctores.
(credit) of that thing shall be in-the-power-of the authors. [But the

Gaetuli
truth of such narrations must rest with the authors thereof.] The G etulians

et Libyes, asperi que inculti, quis et ferina

and the Libyans, rough and uncultivated, to whom and (both) wild

caro et pabulum humi erat cibus, uti pecoribus,

flesh and fodder of the ground was food, - as to cattle,

habuere Africam initio. Hi regebantur

had (inhabited) Africa in the beginning. These were ruled

neque moribus, neque lege, aut imperio cujusquam:

neither by morals, neither by law, or command of any-one

vagi, palantes, habebat sedes, quas

wandering, straying, they did have the seats [the places of rest], which

nox coegerat. Sed postquam Hercules

night had compelled (them to have). But after-that Hercules

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144 SALLUSTII JUGURT5A.

interiit in Hispanifi, sicut Afri putant, exercitus

perished in Spain, as the Africans think, the army

ejus compositus ex variis gentibus, duce

of him composed out-of various nations, (their) leader

amisso, ac multis passim petentibus imperium

being lost, and many every-where seeking command
quisque sibi, dilabitur brevi.
each for himself, glides-away shortly. [The army is soon dispersed.]

Ex eo numero Medi, Persse, et Armenii

Out-of that number the Medes, the Persians, and the Armenians

transvecti navibus in Africam, occupavere locos

transported in ships into Africa, occupied the places

proxumos nostro mari. Sed Pers®

nearest to our sea [the Mediterranean]. But the Persians

magis intra oceanum

more within the ocean : [but the Persians settled near to the Atlantic

que hi habuere alveos navium inversos pro

ocean] : and these had the hulls of ships inverted for

tuguriis: quia neque materia erat in agris,

huts because neither material was in the fields,

neque copia emundi aut mutandi ab

neither plenty (opportunity) of buying or of changing from

Hispanis. Magnum mare et ignara lingua

the Spaniards. A great sea and an unknown tongue

prohibebant commercia. Hi paulatim miscuere

did prohibit commerces. These by-degrees mixed

Gsetulos secum per connubia; et ipsi appellavere

the Getulians with -them by marriages ; and they called

semet Numidas, quia saepe tentantes agros

themselves Numidians, because often trying the fields

petiverant alia, deinde alia loca. Cseteriim

they had sought other, afterwards other (different) places. But
adhuc sedificia agrestium Numidarum, quae illi
ad-yet the edifices of the rustic Numidians, which they

vocant Mapalia, sunt oblonga, tecta ineurvis

cail Mapalia, are oblong, covered with curved

lateribus, quasi carinse navium. Autem Libyes

bides, as-if the keels of ships. But the Libyans

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SALLUSTH JUGURTHA. 145

accessere Medis et Armeniis.

acceded (added themselves to) to the Medes and to the Armenians.

Nam hi agitabant propiiis Africum mare;

For these did agitate (live) nearer the African sea

(Gaetuli magis sub sole; haud procul ab

(the Getulians more under the sun ; not far from

ardoribus) que hi habuere oppida matur&.

the heats) and these (the Libyans) had towns early.

Nam divisi freto ab HispaniS, instituerant

For divided by a strait from Spain, they had resolved

mutare res inter se. Libyes corrupere

to exchange things among themselves. The Libyans corrupted

nomen eorum paulatim, appellantes, barbara*

the name of them by-degrees, calling (them), in barbarous

lingufi, Mauros, pro Medis. Bed res

tongue, Moors, instead-of Medes. But the thing (state)

Persarum adolevit brevi: ac postea Numidae

of the Persians increased shortly : and afterwards the Numidians

nomine, digressi k parentibus propter

byname, having departed from (their) parents on-account-of (their)

multitudinem, possedere ea loca, quae proxuma

multitude, ' possessed those places, which nearest

Carthaginem appellatur Numidia. Deinde, utrique

Carthage is called Numidia. Afterwards, each

freti alteris, coegere

[the parent state, and colony] relying on the others, compelled (their)

finitimos armis aut metu sub suum imperium;

neighbours by arms or by fear under their-own command;

addidere nomen que gloriam sibi: magis hi

they added name and glory to themselves : rather these

qui processerant ad nostrum mare: quia

[the colony] who had proceeded to our sea : because

Libyes minus bellicosi quam Gaetuli : denique,

the Libyans (are) less warlike than the Getulians : finally,

pleraque inferior pars Africae possessa-est ab

most-of the lower part of Africa was-possessed by

Numidis : omnes victi concessere in gentem

the Numidians : all the conquered yielded into the nation

13

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146 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

que nomen imperantium.

and name of (those) commanding. [Were incorporated among

Postea Phoenices, alii gratis

their conquerors.] Afterwards the Phenicians, others (some) for the sake

multitudinis minuendae domi, pars plebe

of the multitude to -be -lessened at home, part the commonalty

solicitatS, cupidine
• imperii, et aliis
having been solicited, from a desire ofcommand, and others (being)

avidis novarum rerum, condidere Hipponem,

desirous of new things, built Hippo,

Adrimetum, Leptim, que alias urbis (urbes) in

Adrimetum, Leptis, and other cities on

maritima or&: que eae auctae multum brevi,

the maritime coast : and these being increased much shortly,

pars fuere presidio que aliae deeori suis

part were for a protection and others for an ornament to their

origimbus. Nam puto melius silere de

origins. For I think (it) better to be-silent concerning

Cartbagine, qu&m dicere parum, quoniam tempus

Carthage, than to say little, since the time

monet properare alid. Igitur Cyraene est prima,

advises to hasten elsewhere. Therefore Cyraene is the first

colonia Theraeon, secundo mari, ad

(city), a colony of the Thersei, in favourable (along the) sea, at

Catabathmon, qui locus dividit JEgyptum ab

(near) the Gatabathmus, which place divides Egypt from

Africa, ac^deinceps duae Syrtes, que Leptis

Africa, and afterwards the two Syrtes (quicksands), and Leptis

inter eas: deinde arae Philenon, quern locum

between them : then [the] altars of the Phileni, which place

versus JEgyptum Carthaginienses habuere finem

toward Egypt the Carthaginians had (as) the boundary

imperii : post, aliae Punicae urbes. NumidaB

of (their) government : after, other Punio cities. The Numigians
tenent csetera loca usque ad Mauritaniam. Mauri
hold tne other places until to Mauritania. The Moors
sunt proxumfc Hispaniam. Accepimus
are nearest (to) Spain. We have received (heard)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 147

Gaetulos agitare super Numidiam, partim in

the Getulians to agitate (live) above Numidia, partly in

tuguriis, alios vagos incultiiis. JEthiopas

huts, others wandering more-uncultivatedly. The Ethiopians

esse post eos. Dein loca exusta ardoribus solis.

to be after them. Then places parched by the heats of the sue.

Igitur Jugurtbino bello, Romanus populus

Therefore in the Jugurthine war, the Roman people

administrabat per magistrates pleraque oppida ex

did administer by magistrates most towns of

Punicis, et finis (fines) Carthaginiensium, quos

the Carthaginians, and the boundaries of the Carthaginians, which

babuerant novissumfc: magna pars Gaetulorum,

they bad bad very-newly (lately) : a great part of the Getuliuns,

et Numidse usque ad flumen Mulucbam, erant

and the Numidians as-far-as to the river Mulucha, were

sub JugurthS : Bex Bocchus, ignarus Romani

under Jugurtba King Bocchus, ignorant of the Roman
populi caetera prater nomen,
people (as to) other (things) besides the name, [ignorant of the

que item cognitus

Roman people in every thing except name], and also known
antea nobis neque bello neque pace, imperitabat
before to us neither inwar nor in peace, did command

omnibus Mauris: satis dictum de Africa*

to all the Moors : enough has been said of Africa

et incolis ejus ad necessitudinem

and the inhabitants of it to (for) the necessity

rei.
the thing (subject).

Postquam, regno diviso, legati

After that, the kingdom having been divided, the ambassadors

decessere Africa^ et Jugurtba videt sese adeptum-(esse)

departed from Africa, and Jugurtha sees himself to have obtained

proemia sceleris contra timorem animi;

the rewords of wickedness contrary-to the fear of (his) mind;

ratus quod acceperat ex amicis apud

having supposed what he had received (heard) from (his) friends at

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148 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Numantiam, certum, omnia esse

Numantia, certain [that for a certainty], all (things) to be

venalia Romae, et simul accensns

renal at Rome, and at-the-same-time having been inflamed

pollicitationibus illorum, quos expleverat pauld ant&

by the promises of those, whom he had satisfied a little beforo
muneribus, intendit animum in regnum
with gifts, directs (his) mind into the kingdom
Atherbalis. Ipse acer, bellicosus : at is quem
of Adherbal. Himself vigorous, warlike: but he whom
petebat, quietus, imbellis, placidus ingenio,
he did seek, (was) quiet, unwarlike, placid in disposition,

opportunus injuriae, metuens magis qu&m metuendus.

suitable for injury, fearing rather than to-be-feared.

Igitur invadit finis (fines) ejus de-improviso cum

Therefore he invades the boundaries of him suddenly with

magnfi manu: capit multds mortalis (mortales), cum

a great band : takes many mortals, with

pecore atque ali& prsediE : incendit aedificia

cattle and with other plunder: burns the odifices;

accedit pleraque loca hostiliter cum equitatu.

approaches most places hostilely with cavalry.

Deinde convertit cum omni multitudine in suum

Then he turns with all the multitude into bis-own

regnum, existumans Atherbalem permotum dolore

kingdom, thinking Adherbal moved by grief

«rindicaturum suas injurias

(resentment) about-to-avenge [would revenge] his wrongs

manu, que earn rem fore causam

by hand (action), and that thing to-be-about-to-be [would be] the cause

belli. At ille misit legatos ad Jugurtham,

of war. But he sent ambassadors to Jugurtha,

questum de injuriis, quod neque existumabat se

to complain of the injuries, because neither did he think himself

parem armis, et fretus-erat amicitiS Romani populi

equal in arms, and had relied on the friendship of the Roman people

magis quain Numidis : qui tametsi retulerant

rather than on the Numidians : who although they had brought-back

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 149

contumeliosa dicta, tamen decrevit pati omnia

contumelious sayings, yet he resolved to suffer all (things)

priusqu&m sumere bellum: quia

sooner-than to take war [to make war] : because (war)

tentatum antea cesserat seeds. Gupido

tried before had resulted otherwise (untowardly). The desire

Jugurthae neque minuebatur magis e6:

ofJugurtba neither was lessened more on-this-account:

quippe qui invaserat jam totum regnum ejus

inasinuch-as (one) who had invaded already the whole kingdom of him

animo. Itaque coepit gerere bellum non ut antea,

in mind. Therefore he began to carry-on war not as before,

cum praedatoria manu, sed magno exercitu comparato,

with a plundering band, but with a great army being provided,

et apertfc petere imperium totius Numidiae.

and openly to seek the command of the whole of Numidia.

Caeterum, quS, pergebat, vastare

But, wheresoever he did proceed (he began), to lay-waste

urbis (urbes), agros, agere praedas,

cities, lands, to drive-away plunders [to drive off the cattle

augere animum suis, terrorem

and flocks], to increase mind (spirit) to his-own (men), terror

hostibus.
to the enemies. [To increase the courage of his own men, and strike

Atherbal ubi intelligit processum-

terror to his enemies.] Adherbal when he understands to have pro-

(esse) eo, uti regnum 'aut esset

ceeded [that it had come] to-this, that (his) kingdom either should be

relinquendum, aut retinendum armis, neoessario

to-be-left, or to-be-retained by arms, necessarily

parat copias, et procedit obvius Jugurthae.

prepares forces, and proceeds opposite (against) to Jugurtho.

Interim exercitus utriusque consedit prope oppidum

Meantime the army of each encamped near the town

Cirtam, haud longfe & mari; et praelium non

Cirta, not far from the sea ; and the battle (was) not

inceptum, quia erat extremum diei: sed ubi

begun, because it was tfye. extreme of the day : but when
13*

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150 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

plerumque noctis processit, lumine etiam turn

most of the night advanced, the light even then (taing)

obscuro,
obscure [the night having nearly passed, and the day began to dawn],

Jugurthini milites, signo dato, invadunt castra

the Jugurthine soldiers, the signal being given, invade the camps

hostium; fugant que fundunt partim

of the enemies ;
put-to-flight and pour (rout) partly (some)

semisomnos, alios sumentes arma: Atherbal profugit

hnlf-asleep, others taking arms: Adherbal escapes

cum paucis equitibus Cirtam : et ni fuisset

with a few horsemen (to) Cirta: and unless there might have been

multitudo togatorum, quae prohibuit

(had been) a multitude of toga-wearers (Romans), which prohibited

Numidas insequentes moenibus, bellum inter duos

the Numidians pursuing from the walls, the war between the two

reges foret coeptum et patratum uno die. Igitur

kings might be begun and finished in one day. Therefore

Jugurtha circumsedit oppidum, aggreditur expugnare

Jugurtha beset the town, attempts to storm (it)

vineis que turribus, et machinis omnium generum :

with mantlets and towers, and machines of all kiods

maxumfc festinans antecapere tempus

chiefly hastening to anticipate the time (of return)

legatorum, quos audiverat missos ab

of the ambassadors, whom he had heard (to have been) sent by
Atherbale Romam ante praelium factum.
Adherbal (to) Rome before the battle being done (fought).

Sed postquam senatus accepit de bello eorum,

But after that the senate received (heard) of the war of them,

tres adolescentes legantur in Africam, qui adeant

three young-men are deputed into Africa, who may go-to
ambos reges; nuncient verbis senatus
both the kings; may announce (to them) in the words of the senate

que Romani populi, velle et censere eos discedere

and of the Roman people, to will and to think them to depart

ab armis
from arms : [that it was their wish and determination, that they should

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SALLUSTU JUGURTHA. 151

ita esse dignum que se que

desist from war] : so to be worthy and (both) themselves and

illis.
them. [This was due both to their dignity and that of the kings.]

Legati veniunt maturantes in Africam; magis

The ambassadors come hastening into Africa; the more

e6 quod audiebatur Romse, dum parant

on-this-account, because it was heard at Rome, whilst they prepare

proficisci, de praelio facto, et oppugnatione

to set-oat, of the battle having been done (fought), and the siege

Cirtae. Sed is rumor erat clemens. Oratione

of Cirta. But that report was mild. The speech

quorum accept^, Jugurtha respondit, neque

of whom being received, Jugurtha answered, neither

quidquam esse majus neque carius sibi

any (thing) to be greater nor dearer to him (than)

auctoritate senatfis : se ita enisum-(esse) ab

the authority of the senate : himself so to have endeavoured from

adolescentia ut probaretur ab quoque optumo :

youth that he might be approved by every best (man):

placuisse Publio Scipioni,

to have pleased [that he had made himself acceptable] to Publius Scipio,

siimmo viro, virtute, non malitid: adoptatum-esse

the highest man, by virtue, not by malice: to have been adopted

in regnum a Micipsa ob easdem artis (artes),

Into the kingdom by Micipsa for the same arts (endowments),

Qon penurifi liberorum: caeteriim qud fe-

not from want of children: but by how-much he might have

cisset plura bene atque strenufc, e6

done (had done) more (things) well and vigorously, by that

animum minis .tolerare

(therefore) (his) mind less to endure [would less endure]

injuriam : Atherbalem insidiatum-(esse) suae vitoe

injury Adherbal to have plotted for his life

dolis: quod ubi comperisset, isse obviam

by deceits: which when he might have found, to have gone toward
:"
sceleri
(he opposed) to wickedness : [he discovered and opposed this wickedness]

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152 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Romanum populum facturum neque rectfc, neque

the Roman people (to be) about-to-do neither rightly, neither

pro bono, si prohibuerit sese ab jurei

for [their] good, if it shall have prohibited him from the right'

gentium: postremo, missurum '

of nations : lastly, (to be) about-to-send [that he was about to

brevi legatos Romam de omnibus rebus.

send] shortly ambassadors (to) Rome concerning all things.

Ita utrique digrediuntur. Copia Atherbalis

Thus both depart. An opportunity of Adherbal

appellandi fuit non. Jugurtha, ubi

to-be-addressed (of addressing Adherbal) was not. Jugurtha, when
ratus-est eos decessisse Africa, neque posset
he supposed them to have departed from Africa, neither he might be-able

expugnare Cirtam armis propter

to storm [neither could he storm] Girta with arms on-account-of

naturam loci, circumdat maenia vallo atque

the nature of the place, he surrounds the walls with a rampart and

fossa: extruit turris (turres), que firmat eas

trench: raises towers, and strengthens them

praesidiis: praeterea tentare dies que noctes

with guards : besides (he began) to try days and nights

aut per vim aut dolis: ostentare

[to take the place] either by violence or stratagems : to display

modo praemia, modo formidinem defensoribus moenium,

now rewards, now terror to the defenders of the walls,

erigere suos ad virtutem hortando, prorsus

to excite his own (men) to valour by encouraging, altogether

intentus parare cuncta. Atherbal ubi intelligit

intent to prepare all (things). Adherbal when he understands

omnis (omnes) suas fortunas sitas in extremo,

all his fortunes situate in extreme (danger),

hostem infestum, nullam spem auxilii^ bellum non

the enemy hostile, no hope of assistance, the war not

posse trahi penuria necessariarum rerum;

to be able to be protracted from want x>f necessary things j
[he]

delegit duos maxumfc impigros ex iis, qui profugerant

chose two most active out-of those, who had fled

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 153

uni Cirtam, confirmat eos pollicendo

together (to) Cirta, strengthens (prevails on) them by promising

multa, ac miserando suum casum, uti

many (things), and by bewailing his-own misfortune, that

pergerent noctu per munitiones hostium

they would proceed by night through the fortifications of the enemies

ad proxumum mare, dein Romam. Numidse

to the next sea, then (to) Rome. The Numidians
efficiunt jussa paucis diebus; literae
execute the commands in a few days letters (a letter)

Atherbalis recitatae in senatu, sententia quarum

ofAdherbal (was) read -aloud in the senate, the purport of which

fuit haec:
was this

" Conscripti patres ! mitto saepfc ad vos oratum

" Conscript fathers ! I send often to you to entreat

non mea culpa, sed vis Jugurthae subigit

not by my-own fault, but the violence ofJugurtha forces (me);

quern tanta lubido extinguendi me invasit, uti

whom so-great a desire of destroying me has seized, that

neque habeat vos, neque immortalis (im-

neither he may have (he has) you, nor the immortal

mortales) deos in animo ; malit

gods in (his) mind ; he may have-rather (he prefers)

meum sanguinem qu&m omnia Itaque socius

my blood than ail (things). Therefore an ally

et amicus Romani populi, teneor obsessus armis

and friend of the Roman people, I am held besieged with arms

jam quintum mensem: neque beneficia mei patris

now the fifth month : neither the favours ofmy father
Micipsse, neque vestra decreta auxiliantur mihi:
Micipsa, nor your decrees aid to me:

sum incertus urgear acrius ferro,

I am uncertain (whether) I may be oppressed more-fiercely by iron

an fame. Mea fortuna dehortatur me

(sword), or by hunger. My fortune dissuades me
scribere plura de Jugurthfi : etiam expertus-sum
to write more concerning Jugurtha: also I have experienced

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154 6ALLUSTH JUGURTHA.

antea, partim fidei esse miseris. Nisi tamen

before, little of faith (eredit) to be to the wretched. Unless however

intelligo ilium petere supri qu&m ego sum,

I understand him to seek (something) above than I am,

neque sperare vestram

[something higher than myself], neither to hope-for your

amicitiam et meum regnum simnl. Occultum-est

friendship and my kingdom together. It has been concealed

nemini utrum existumet gravius. Nam occidit

to no-one which he may think more-serious. For he killed

meum fratrem Hiempsalem initio; dein

my .
brother . Hiempsal in the beginning; afterwards

expulit me patrio regno. Quae sanfe

he expelled me from (my) paternal kingdom. What indeed

fuerint nostrae injuriae, nihil ad vos.

may have been (have been) our wrongs, (is) nothing to you.

Ver&m nunc tenet vestrum regnum armis: tenet

But now he possesses your kingdom by arms : ho holds

clausum, atque obsidet me, quern vos posuistis

shut (confined), and besieges me, whom you have placed
imperatorem Numidis : mea pericula declarant
(as) a ruler to the Numidians : my dangers declare

quanti fecerit verba lega-

of how-much (value) he may have made (has made) the words of the am-
torum. Quid est reliquum, quo possit moveri,
bassadors. What is remaining, by which he may be-able to be moved,

nisi vestra vis ? Nam ego quidem vellem et

unless your force? For I indeed should wish and (both)

haec, quae scribo, et ilia quae antea

these (words), which I write, and those (things) which before .

questus-sum in senatu, forent vana

I have complained in the senate, might be (were) vain (groundless)

potiiisquam mea miseria faceret fidem verbis.

rather- than my misery should make faith (credit) to (my) words.

Sed quoniam natus-sum eS, ut essem ostentui

But since I have been born for- this, that I might be for a spectacle

scelerum Jugurthae, jam non-deprecor mortem

if the wickednesses of Jugurtha, now I do not-depreoate death

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 155

neque serumnas, tantummodo imperium inimici, et

nor miseries, but-only the command of an enemy, and
cruciatus corporis. Consulite regno
tortures of body. Consult (provide) for the kingdom

Numidiae quod est vestrum uti libet eripite

of Numidia which is your-own as it pleases (you) : rescue

me ex impiis manibus, per majestatem

me from impious hands, by (for the sake of) the majesty

imperii, per fidem amicitiae; si ulla memoria

of the empire, by the faith of friendship; if any recollection

mei avi Masinissae remanet apud vos."

of my grand-sire Masinissa remains among you."
His literis recitatis, fuere
These letters (this letter) having been read-aloud, there were (some)

qui censerent exercitum mittendum

who might think (thought) an army f
to-be-sent (should be sent)

in Africam, et subveniendum Atherbali

into Africa, and to-be-relieved to Adherbal [and Atherbal re-

quamprimum, uti interim

lfeved] as-soon-as-possible, that [in the mean time]
consuleretur de Jugurtha, quoniam
it should be deliberated concerning Jugurtha, since

non-paruisset legatis. Sed

he might not have obeyed (had not obeyed) to the ambassadors. But

enisum summ& ope ab illis isdem

(it was) endeavoured with the utmost might by those same

fautoribus regis, tale decretum ne-fieret.

favourers of the king, (that) such a decree might not-be-made.

Ita publicum bonum, ut solet plerisque negotiis,

Thus the public good, as isusual in most affairs, (was)

devictum privatfi gratifi. Tamen nobiles majores

overcome by private interest. However noble (men) greater

natu usi amplis honoribus,

by birth (elder) having used ample honours, [having enjoyed the

legantur in Africam: in
highest honours of the state], are deputed into Africa : among
quis fuit Marcus Scaurus, de quo memoravimus
whom was Marcus Scaurus, of whom we have recorded

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156 BALLUSTII JUGUBTHA.

supri, consularis et turn princeps senati. Hi,

above, a consular (man) and then chief of the senate. These,

quod res erat in invidi& et simul

because the thing was in envy (odium), and at-the- same-time

obsecrati a Numidis, ascendSre

having been besought by the Numidians, embarked [on board]

navim triduo, dein brevi adpulsi Uticam,

a ship in -three-days, then shortly being carried (to) Utica,

mittunt literas ad Jugurtham, accedat

send letters (a letter) to Jugurtha, (that) he may repait

quam-ocissumfc ad provinciam; se
(to repair) as quickly as possible to the province; themselves

missos (esse) ad eum ab senatu. Hie, ubi

to have been sent to him by the senate. He, -when

accepit, claros homines, auctoritatem

he received (intelligence), [that] illustrious men, the authority

quorum audiverat pollere Romae, venisse

of whom he had henrd at Rome,
to prevail to have come [had come]

contra suum inceptum, primo commotus metu,

against his undertaking, at-first moved by fear,

atque lubidine, agitabatur divorsus.

and by passion, was agitated different (in different waypj.

Timebat iram senatus, ni paruisset

He did fear the anger of the senate, unless he might have obeyed

legatis: porro animus, caecus

(had obeyed) to the ambassadors : moreover (his) mind, blind

cupidine, rapiebat ad inceptum scelus.

with desire, did hurry (him) to the undertaken wickedness.

Tamen pravum consilium vicit in avido

However the depraved design conquered in (bis) covetous

ingenio. Igitur, exercitu circumdato,

(ambitious) disposition. army having been placed -around,
Therefore, the

nititur - summa vi irrumpere Cirtam,

he endeavours with the utmost force to break-in to Cirta,

maxumfc sperans sese inventurum casum victorise

chiefly hoping himself about-to-find a chance of victory

aut vi aut dolis, manu hostium

either by force or by stratagems, the band [the forces] of the enemies

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 SALLUSTII JUOURTHA. 157

diductft. Ubi quod procedit secus,

having been separated. When which (attempt) proceeds otherwise,

neque potest efficere quod intenderat, uti potiretur

neither can-he effect what he had designed, that he might possess

Atherbalis priusquam conveniret legatos ; venit

of Ad herbal before-that he might meet the ambassadors ; he came

cum paucis equitibus in provinciam, ne morando

with (a) few horsemen into the province, lest by delaying

amplius, incenderet Scaurum, quem metuebat

more (longer), he might incense Scaurus, whom he did fear

plurimum. Ac tametsi graves minae nunciabantur

very -much. And although heavy threats were announced

verbis senatfis, quod non-desisteret ab

in the words of the senate, because he would not-desist from

oppugnatione, tamen multfi. oratione consumpt£,

the siege, yet much speech being wasted,

legati discessere frustra. Postquam ea

the ambassadors departed in-vain. After that those (things)

audita-sunt Cirtae, Italici, virtute quorum moenia

were heard at Cirta, the Italians, by the valour of whom the walls

defensabantur, confisi, deditione fecta, sese

were defended, having trusted, a surrender being made, themselves

fore inviolatos propter magnitudinem

to be about-to-be [would be] uninjured on-account-of the greatness

Romani populi, suadent Atherbali, uti tradat

of the Roman people, persuade to Adherbal, that he may deliver

que se et oppidum Jugurthae, tantum paciscatur

botb himself and the town to Jugurtha, only may bargain

vitam ,ab eo; de caeteris

[and only bargain] for life from him j concerning tho others

fore curse senatui.

to be-about-to-be for a care to the senate. [That the senate would care

At ille, tametsi rebatur omnia

for the rest.] But he, although he did suppose all (things)

potiora fide, Jugurthae, tamen quia potestas

preferable (than) the faith of Jugurtha, however because the power

cogendi erat pen&s eosdem, si adversaretur,

of oompellingj(him) was in-the-power-of the same, if he should oppose,

14

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158 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

fecit deditionem ita, uti Italici censuerant. Igitur

made a surrender so, as the Italians had resolved. Therefore

Jugurtha in primis necat Atherbalem

Jugurtha in (among) the first puts-to-death Adherbal

excruciatum : deinde interfecit omnes Numidas

having been tortured : afltewards he killed all the Numidian

puberes, atque negotiatores promised, uti quisque

youths, and merchants promiscuously, as each

fuerat obvius armatis. Quod postqfBam

had been opposite (met) to the armed (men). Which after that

cognitum-est Romae, et res coepta(est) agitari

itwas known at Rome, and the thing was begun to be agitated

in senatu; illi iidem ministri regis leniebant

in the senate ; those same servants of the king did mitigate

atrocitatem facti interpellando, ac saepfc gratifi,

the atrocity of the deed by interrupting, and often by interest,

interdum trahendo tempus jurgiis. Ac ni

sometimes by protracting the time in contentions. And unless

Caius Memmius, tribunus designatus plebis, acer

Caius Memmius, tribune elect of the people, an acute

vir, et infestus potentiae nobilitatis, edocuisset

man, and hostile to the power of the nobility, might have instructed

Romanum populum, id agi,

(had instructed) the Roman people, that to be acted, [that it was

uti scelus Jugurthae condonaretur

in agitation,] that the wickedness of Jugurtha might be pardoned

per paucos factiosos, profect6 omnis

through (a) few factious (persons), in-deed all

invidia dilapsa-foret consultationibus

the envy (odium) would have passed-away by the deliberations

prolatandis. Tanta erat

to-be-deferred (by deferring the deliberations). So-great was

vis gratia, atque pecuniae regis. Sed ubi

the force of the interest, and of the money of the king. But when

senatus, conscientift delicti, timet populum,

the senate, from a consciousness of crime, fears the people,

provinciae Numidia atque Italia decretae (sunt)

the provinces Numidia and Italy were decreed

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 159

futuris consulibus Sempronia lege: Publius

to the future , consuls by the Sempronian law : Publius

Scipio Nasica, Lucius Bestia Calpurnius declarati (sunt)

Scipio Nasica, Lucius Bestia Calpurnius were declared

eonsules : Numidia obvenit Calpurnio, Italia

consuls Numidia came-by-lot to Calpurnius, Italy

Scipioni. Dein exercitus scribitur, qui

to Scipio. Afterwards an army '
is written (levied), which

portaretur in Africam: stipendium, que alia,

should be carried into Africa: pay, and other

quae forent usui bello, decernuntur. At

(things), which might be for use in war, are decreed. But

Jugurtha, nuncio accepto contra spem, quippe

Jugurtha, a message being received against hope, forsooth

cui hseserat in animo omnia

(one) to whom it had settled in mind (who thought) alt (things)

venire Romae; mittit filium et duos familiares

to be-venal at Rome ; sends (his) son and two intimate

cum eo legatos ad senatum; que

(friends) with him (as) ambassadors to the senate ; ami

praecipit iis uti illis, quos miserat, Hiempsale

directs to these as to those, whom he had sent, Hiempsal

interfecto, aggrediantur
having been killed, (that) may attempt [that they should attempt]

omnis (omnes) mortalis (mortales) pecunifi,

(to bribe) all mortals with money

qui postquam adventabant Romam, senatus

who after that they did approach (to) Rome, the senate

. consultus-est h Bcsti&, ne placeret

was consulted by Bestia, whether it might please (them)

legatos Jugurthae recipi moenibus;

the ambassadors of Jugurtha to be received in the walls (the city)

que ii decrevere, ut decederent Italia in

and these decreed, that they should depart from Italy in

proxumis decern diebus, ni venissent

the next ten days, unless they might have oome (had oome)
**
deditum regnum que ipsum. Consul
to surrender the kingdom and [and the king] himself. The consul

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160 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

jubet nunciari Numidis ex decreto

orders (it) to be told to the Numidians according-to^ the decree

senatfis. Ita illi discedunt domum, rebus

of the senate. Thus they depart home, (their) affairs

infectis. Interim Calpurnius, exercitu

being unaccomplished. Mean-time Calpurnius, an army
N

parato, legat sibi

being prepared, deputes to himself [selects for himself lieutenants]

nobiles homines factiosos, auctoritate quorum

noble men factious, by the authority of wbo^m

sperabat, quae deliquisset fore

he did hope, what he might have transgressed to bft about-to be [would

munita, in quis fuit Scaurus, de naturd et

be] protected, amongst whom was Scaurus, of the nature and

habitu cujus memoravimus supra. Nam multae

disposition of whom we have recorded above. For many

que bonae artes animi et corporis erant in

and good arts (qualities) of mind and of body were in

nostro consule ; omnis (omnes) quas avaritia

our consul; all which avaVice

praepediebat. Patiens laborum, acri ingenio,

did hinder. Patient of labours, with (of) a sharp disposition,

satis providens, haud ignarus belli, firmissimus

sufficiently provident, not ignorant of war, most-firm

contra pericula et insidias. Sed legiones

against dangers and snares. But the legions

transvectae (sunt) per Italiam Rhegium, atque

were conveyed through Italy (to) Rhegium, and

inde Siciliam, porro ex Sicili& in Africam.

thence (to) Sicily, moreover from Sicily into Africa,

Igitur Calpurnius, commeatibus paratis initio,

Therefore Calpurnius, provisions being prepared in the beginning,

acriter ingressus-est Numidiam; que cepit multos

vigorously entered Numidia; and took many

mortalis (mortales), et aliquot urbis (urbes) pugnando.

men, and some cities by fighting.

Sed ubi Jugurtha coepit tentare pecuni^

But when Jugurtha began to try (tempt him) with money

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 161

per legatos, que ostendere asperitatem

through ambassadors, and to show the roughness (difficulty)

belli, quod administrabat, animus, aeger avaritia,

of the war, which he did manage, (his) mind, sick with avarice,

conversus-est facilfe. Caeterum Scaurus assumitur

was changed easily. But Scaurus is chosen (as)

socius et administer omnium consiliorum; qui

an associate and manager of all (his) designs; who
tametsi impugnaverat regem acerrumfc a principio,
although he had opposed the king inost-sharply from the beginning,

plerisque ex factione ejus corruptis,

most ^of the faction of him [of his party] being corrupted,

tamen abstractus-est 4 bono que honesto in

yet he was drawn-away from good and honourable into

pravum magnitudine pecuniae. Sed Jugurtha primum

depraved by the greatness of the money. But Jugurtha at-first .

redimebat tantummodo moram belli, existumans sese

did purchase only a delay of war, thinking himself

effecturum aliquid interim Romae pretio,

about-to-effect some (thing) in-the-mean-time at Rome by price

aut gratis ; ver6 posteaquam accepit

(bribery), or by interest; but after -that he received (heard)

Scaurum participem negotii, adductus in maxumam

Scaurus partaker of the business, led into the greatest

spem pacis recuperandae,

hope of peace to-be-recovered (of recovering peace),

statuit praesens agere cum eis

he resolved present (personally) to act (treat) with them

de omnibus pactionibus. Caeterum

about ail agreements. [About a treaty.] But

interea, causa fidei, Sextius mittitur k

mean-time, for the sake of faith, Sextius is sent by

consule quaestor in Vaccam, oppidum Jugurthae

by the consul (as) questor into Vacca, a town of Jugurtha

species cujus rei erat acceptio frumenti, quod

the pretence of which thing was the receiving of corn, which

Calpurnius palam imperaverat legatis, quoniam

Culpurnius openly had ordered to the ambassadors, since
14*

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 :

162 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

inducise agitabantur morS, deditionis.

truees were agitated (continued) by the delay of surrender.
x
Igitur rex venit in castra {pi.) uti constituerat
Therefore the king came into the camp, as he had resolved :

ac locutus pauca, consilio praesenti,

and having spoken a few (words), the council (being) present,

de invidi£ sui facti, atque lit acciperetur

of the envy (odium) of his deed, and that he might be received

in deditionem, transegit reliqua secreta cum

into surrender, transacted the remaining (things) secret with

BestiS et Scauro : dein accipitur in deditionem

Bestia and Scaurus : then he is received into surrender

postero die, sententiis exquisitis quasi

on the following day, the opinions being sought (taken) [as-if]

per-saturam. Sed uti imperatum-erat pro consilio,

indiscriminately. But as it had been commanded before the council,

triginta elephanti, pecus, atque multi equi, cum

thirty elephants, cattle, and many horses, with

non parvo pondere argenti traduntur qusestori.

not a small weight of silver are delivered to the questor.

Calpurnius proficiscitur Romam ad magistratus

Calpurnius sets-out (to) Rome to magistrates

rogandos.
to-be-asked (to elect magistrates). [To preside at the election of magis

Pax agitabatur in Numidii et nostro

trates.] Peace was agitated (enjoyed) in Numidia and in our

exercitu. Postquam fama divulgavit res gestas

army. After that fame divulged the things earried-on

in Africa, que quo modo actse-forent,

in Africa, and in what manner they might have been done (had been

agitari de facto consulis

done), (it began) to be discussed concerning the deed of the consul

Romge per omnis (omnes) locos et conventus.

at Rome through all places and assemblies.

Gravis invidia apud plebem : patres erant

Heavy envy (odium) among the commonalty : the fathers were

soliciti; paruum-constabat ne probarent tantum

anxious; it was not-evident whether they should approve so-great

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 163

flagitium, an subverterent decretum consulis. Ac

villany, or should overthrow the decree of the consul. And
potentia Scauri, quod is ferebatur auctor et socius
the power of Scaurus, because he was reported the adviser and associate

Bestiae, maxumfc impediebat eos k vero que hones to.

ofBestia, chiefly did prevent them from true and honourable

At Caius Memmius, de libertate cujus

(conduct). But Caius Memmius, of the freedom of whose

ingenii, et odio potentiae nobilitatis diximus supr&,

disposition, and hatred of the power of the nobility we have said above,

inter dubitationem et moras senatfis hortari

(began) amid the hesitation and delays of the senate to encourage

populum concionibus ad-vindicandum

the people in assemblies to vindicate (punish such conduct.)

monere ne-desererent rempublicam, ne suam

to advise they would not-forsake the republic, not their-own

libertatem : ostendere multa superba, crudelia facinora

liberty to point-out many proud, cruel crimes

nobilitatis : prorsus intentus, accendebat animum

of the nobility : altogether intent, he did inflame the mind (spirit)

plebis omni modo. Sed quoniam facundia

of the commonalty in every manner. But since the eloquence

Memmii fuit clara que pollens Romae ea

ofMemmius was illustrious and powerful at Rome at that

tempestate, existuraavi decere perscribere unam

time, I have thought (it) to be-fit to transcribe one

orationem ejus ex tam multis ; ac dicam potissumum

speech of him out-of so many ; and I will say chiefly

ea quae disseruit in concione post reditum

those (words) which he discussed in the assembly after the return

Bestiae, verbis hujusmodi

of Bestia, in words of this-kind

"Multa dehortantur me & vobis,

"Many (things) dissuade me from (addressing) you,

ni studium reipublicae superet omnia ; opes

unless (my) zeal for the republic may surmount all; the resources

factionis, vestra patientia, nullum jus; ac maxumfc,

of a faction, your-own patience, no right; and chiefly,

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164 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

quod est plus periculi quam honoris innocentiae.

because (there) is more of danger than of honour to innocence

Nam quidem piget dicere ilia,

(integrity). For indeed it grieves (me) to say those (things),

quam fueritis his XV (quindecim)

how you may have been (ye have been) in these fifteen

annis ludibrio superbiae paucorum : quam foed& que

years for a sport to the pride of a few : how disgracefully and

quam inulti vestri defensores perierint

how unrevenged your defenders may have perished (have pe-

uti animus sit vobis corruptus

rished) ; that the mind may be to you (your mind is) corrupted

vobis ab ignavifi atque socordia: qui exsurgitis ne

for you by indolence and slothfulness who rise : [not]

quidem nunc, inimicis obnoxiis,

even now, (your) enemies (being) obnoxious, [being in

atque etiam nunc

your power, on account of their corruption], and even „ now
timetis eos, quibus decet vos esse terrori. Sed
fear them, to whom it becomes you to be for a terror. But

quamquam haec sunt talia, tamen animus

although these (things) are such, yet (my) mind
subigit ire obviam potentiae factionis.
forces (me) to go toward (to oppose) to the power of a faction.

Certfe ego experiar libertatem quae tradita-est mihi

Surely I will try-for the liberty which has been delivered to me
a meo parente; verum situm-est in vestrfi manu,
from my parent; but it is placed in your hand,

Quirites! faciam id frustra,

[in your power], Romans (whether)
! I may do that in-vain,

an ob rem. Neque ego hortor

or on-account-of the thing (effectually). Neither [do] I exhort

vos quod vestri majores fecere saepe, uti eatis

you (to think) which your .ancestors have done often, that you may go

arm&ti contra injurias. Est nihil opus

armed against injuries. There is nothing (no) need with (of)

vi, nihil secessions Est necesse ipsi

force, nothing with (of) secession. It is necessary (that) they

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 165

eant praecipites suomet more. Tiberio Graccho

inay go headlong in their-own manner. Tiberius Gracchus

occiso, quern aiebant parare regnum, graves

being slain, whom they did say to prepare (aim at) kingdom, heavy

qusestiones habitse-sunt in Romanam plebem.

inquisitions were held against the Roman commonalty.

Multi mortales necati-sunt in carcere, post csedem

Many men have been put-to-death in prison, after the slaughter

Caii Gracchi, et Marci Fulvii, item vestri ordinis.

oi Caius Gracchus, and of Marcus Fulvius, also of your order.

Non lex, sed lubido eorum fecit finem utriusque

Not law, but the caprice of them has made an end of each

cladis. Sed sane* fuerit paratio regni,

slaughter. But indeed it may have been a procuring of kingdom,

restituere sua jura plebi. Quidquid

to restore their-own rights* to the commonalty. Whatsoever

riequitur ulcisci sine sanguine civium,

is-unable (they are-unable) to avenge without the blood of citizen?,

[let whatever could not have been punished, without shedding the blood

factum-sit jure. Taciti indignabamini

of citizens], may have been done by right. Silent you were-indignant

serarium expilari
the treasury to be plundered [at the plundering of the treasury}

superioribus annis; reges et liberos populos

in former years ;
[that] kings and free people

pendere vectigal paucis nobilibus; et summam

to pay [pay] tribute to a few nobles ; and the highest

gloriam et maxumas divitias esse penfes

glory and the greatest riches to be in-the-power-of

eosdem: tamen habuere parum susce-

thesame: yet they have had (accounted it) little tohave under-

pisse hsec talia facinora impune : itaque postremd,

taken these such crimes with impunity: therefore lastly,

leges, vestra majestas, omnia divina et humana,

the laws, your majesty, all divine and human (things),

tradita-sunt hostibus. Neque pudet aut poenitet

have been delivered to enemies. Neither does it shame or grieve

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166 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

eos qui fecere ea sed incedunt magnified

those who have done those (things) : but they stmt pompously

per vestra ora, ostentantes sacerdotia, et

through (before) your faces, displaying priesthoods, and

consulatus, pars suos triumphos: perinde-quasi

consulates, part their-own triumphs just-as-if

habeant ea honori, non praedae. Servi

they may have these for honour, not for plunder. Slaves

parati aere, perferunt non injusta imperia

procured by brass (money), bear not the unjust commands
dominorum : Quirites, nati imperio, vos-toleratis
of masters Romans, born for command, do you-endure

servitutem aequo animo ? At qui sunt hi

slavery with even mind [calmly] ? But who are those

qui occupavere rempublicam ? Sceleratissumi homines,

who have seized the republic ? The most-wicked men,

cruentis manibus, immani avariti&, nocentissumi,

with bloody hands, with (of) dreadful avarice, most-injurious,

que iidem superbissumi : quibus fides, decus, pietas,

and the same most-proud : to whom faith, honour, piety,

postremd, omnia honesta atque inhonesta sunt

lastly, all honourable and dishonourable (things) are

quaestui. Pars eorum, habent pro munimento,

for gain. Part of them, have for a bulwark,

occidisse tribunos plebis, alii injustas

to have killed tribunes of the commonalty, others unjust

quaestiones, plerique fecisse coedem in vos: ita

inquisitions, most to have done slaughter against you : thus

qu&m quisque fecit pessumS, tarn est maxumfc

as each has done most-badly, so is-he most

tutus transtulere
safe ; [the worse any one has acted the safer he is] ; they have transferred

metum k suo scelere ad vestram ignaviam

fear from their-own wickedness to your indolence

omnis (omnes) quos cupere eadem, odisse eadem,

all whom to desire the same, to have hated the same,

metuere eadem coegit in unum. Sed haec est

to fear the same has collected into one (body). But this is

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 167

amicitia inter bonos, factio inter malos. Quod si

friendship among the good, faction among the bad. But if

vos haberetis curam libertatis tarn, qu&m illi

you might have a care of liberty so, as they

accensi-sunt ad dominationem ; profectd respublica

have been inflamed to tyranny j
indeed the republic

neque vastaretur sicuti nunc, et vestra beneficia

neither would be desolated as now, and your favours

forent penfes optumos, non audacissumos.

[of offices] would be in-the-power-of the best, not the most-daring.

Vestri majores armati, bis occupavere Aventinum

Your ancestors armed, twice occupied the Aventine (mount)

per secessionem gratia juris parandi et

by a secession for-the-sake of justice to be procured and

majestatis constituendse ; nonne vos-nitemini

of dignity to-be-established ; whether (or-not) will you endeavour

summa ope pro libertate, quam accepistis

with the utmost might for the liberty, which you have received

ab illis? atque vehementitis eb qud est

from them? and the more-earnestly therefore by-how-much it is

majtts dedecus amittere parata, qu£m non

a greater disgrace to lose (things) obtained, than not

paravisse omnino! Aliquis dicet, Quid

to have acquired (them) at-all Some-one will say, What
igitur censes? vindicandum in
therefore thinkest-thou ? (it is) to-be- vindicated against [why that

eos, qui prodidere

punishment should be inflicted on] those, who have betrayed

rempublicam hosti, non manu, neque vi;

the republic to the enemy, not by hand (action), neither by force

quod est magis indignum vos fecisse, qu&m

which is more unworthy (for) you to have done, than

accidisse illis: verum quaetionibus et indi-

to have happened to them : but by examinations and by the in form a-

cio Jugurthse ipsius. Qui, si est dedititius,

tion of Jugurtha himself. Who, if he is a surrenderor

erit profectd obediens vestris jussis : sin

will be indeed obedient to your com mauds : but-if

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168 6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

contemnit ea, scilicet setimabitis qualis ilia

he despises those, forsooth you will estimate what- sort that

pax aut deditio sit, ex qu& impunitas

peace or surrender may be, from which impunity

scelerum ad Jugurtham, maxumse diviti»

of (for) crimes (accrues) to Jugurtha, the greatest riches

pervenerint ad paucos potentis (potentes), damna

may have come to a few powerful (persons), losses

atque dedecora in rempublicam. Nisi etiam forte*

ard disgraces to the republic. Unless [also] perhaps

satietas dominationis eorum nondum tenet vos:

a satiety of the tyranny of them not-yet possesses you

et ilia tempora, cum regna, provinciae, leges, jura,

and those times, when kingdoms, provinces, laws, rights,

judicia, bella atque paces, postremo omnia divina

judgments, wars and peaces, lastly all divine

et humana erant pen&s paucos, placent

and human (things) were in-the-power-of a few, please

magis quam haec: autem vos, hoc est, Romanus

mure than these (times) : but you, this is, the Roman
populus, invicti ab hostibus, imperatores omnium
people, un conquered by enemies, rulers of all

gentium habebatis satis retinere animam.

nations did have (did account it) sufficient to retain existence.

Nam quidem quis vestrum audebat recusare servitutem ?

For indeed who of you did dare to refuse slavery ?

Atque tametsi ego existumo flagitiosissumum viro

And although I - think (it) most-disgraceful to a man

accepisse injuriam impunfe ; tamen paterer

to have received injury with-impunity ;
yet I would suffer

asquo animo vos ignoscere sceleratissumis

with even (patient) mind you to pardon to the most-wicked

hominibus, quoniam sunt cives ni misericordia

men, since they are citizens unless compassion

esset casura in perniciem. Nam et fecisse

might be about-to-fall into destruction. For and (also) to have done

mate impunfc est parum illis, quantum

badly with-impunity is little to them, how-great (so much)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 169

importunitatis habent, nisi deinde

of vexation [of insolence] they have, unless afterwards

licentia faciundi eripitur, et aeterna

the privilege of doing (so) is taken-away, and eternal

solicitudo remanebit vobis, cum intelligetis aut

anxiety will remain to you, when you shall understand either

esse-serviendum, aut libertatem

to be-enslaved, [that you are either to be enslaved] or liberty

retinendam per manus. Nam quidem quae spes

to-be-retained by hands (force). For indeed what hope

fidei aut concordiae est? H1I volunt dominari;

of faith or of concord is there t They will to tyrannise

vos esse liberi : illi facere injurias, vos probibere r

you [will] to be free : they to do injuries, you to prohibit

postremd utuntur vestris sociis, veluti hostibus,

(them) : lastly they use your allies, as enemies,

hostibus pro sociis. Ne potest pax aut

(your) enemies for allies. Whether can peace or

.amicitia esse in mentibus tarn divorsis? Quare

friendship be in minds so different? Wherefore

moneo que hortor vos, ne-dimittatis tantum

I advise and exhort you, (that) you may not-dismiss so great
c
scelus impunitum. Peculatus factus-est
aerarii
wickedness unpunished. A robbery of the treasury has been made

non; neque pecuniae ereptse sociis per vim: quae

not; neither moneys snatched from allies by force: which

quamquam sunt gravia, tamen habentur jam

although they are heavy (crimes), yet are had now
pro nihilo consuetudine : auctoritas senatus
for nothing by custom the authority of the senate

prodita (est) acerrumo hosti : vestrum imperium

has been betrayed to your most-fierce enemy :your dominion

proditum : respublica fuit venalis domi que militiae.

betrayed the republic has been venal at home and abroad.

Quae nisi quaesita-erunt, nisi

Which unless it shall have been inquired-into, unless (it shall be)

vindicatum in noxios, quid erit reliquum,

vindicated against the guilty, what will be remaining,

15

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17ft SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

nisi ut vivamus obedientes illis qui fecere ea?

unless that we may live obedient to those who have done those

Nam facere quaelibet impunfe id est

(things)? For to do any (things) with-iropunity, that is

esse regem. Neque ego-hortor vos, Quiwtes ! uti

to be king. Neither do I exhort you, Romans ! that

jam malitis vestros civis(cives) fecisse perperam

now you-may-rather your citizens to have done amiss

qu&m rectfe: sed ne eatis perditum bonos,

than rightly: but lest you may go to destroy the good,

ignoscendo malis. Ad-hoc praestat multo in

by pardoning to the bad. To this (besides) it is better by much in

republic^ esse immemorem beneficii qu&m maleficii.

a republic to be unmindful of a kindness than of injury.

Bonus tantummodo fit segnior, ubi

A good (man) only is made more-careless, when
negligas; at malus improbior.
thou mayest neglect (him); but a bad (man) more wicked.

Ad-hoc, si injuriae sint non, haud-egeas auxilii

Besides, if injuries be not, thou mayest not-want of aid

saepe.
often.

Caius Memmius dicundo haec atque alia

Caius Memmius by saying these and other (things)

hujuscemodi persuadet Romano populo, uti Lucius

of this-kind persuades to the Roman people, that Lucius

Cassius, qui turn erat praetor, mitteretur ad

Cassius, who then was pre tor, should be sent to

Jugurtham, que duceret eum Romam, public^

Jugurtha, and should lead him (to) Rome, the publio

fide interpositfi, qud delicta

* Scauri
faith haying been interposed, in-order-that the transgressions of Scaurua

et reliquorum, quos arcessebant pecuniae captae,

and of the rest, whom they did accuse of money being taken,

patefierent indicio regis. Dum

might be-open (be discovered) by the information of the king. Whilst

haec geruntur Romae, qui relicti in

these (things) are carried-on at Rome, (they) who having been left in

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 171

Numidifi ab Bestir praeerant exercitui, secuti

Numidia by Bestia did preside to the army, haying followed

morem sui imperatoris, fecere plurima et

the custom of their commander, did very-many and

flagitiosissima facinora. Fuere qui corrupti

most-disgraceful crimes. There were (some) who being corrupted

auro, traderent (imp. sub.) elephantos

hy gold, might (did) deliver the elephants

Jugurthae; alii venderent perfugas*; pars

to Jugurtha; others might (did) sell the deserters ; part

agebant praedas ex pacatis. Tanta vis

did drive-away plunder from pacified (provinces). So-great a force

avaritiae invaserat in animos eorum veluti

of avarice had invaded against the minds of them as

tabes. At Cassias praetor, rogatione

a pestilence. But Cassius the pretor, an inquiry

perlatfi, k Caio Memmio, ac omni

having been carried (passed) by Caius Memmius, and all

uobilitate perculsS, proficiscitur ad Jugurtham

the nobility being-struck (terrified), sets-out to Jugurtha

que persuadet ei, timido, et diffidenti suis rebus,

and persuades to him, fearful, and distrusting to his affairs,

ex conscientifi, quoniam dedidisset

from conscience, since he might have surrendered (had sur-

se Romano populo, ne-malit experiri

rendered) himself to the Roman people, thathemaynot-rather to try

vim quam misericordiam ejus: praeterea

the force than compassion of it (them) besides

interponit suam fidem privatim, quam ille

he interposes his-own faith privately, which he (Jugurtha)

ducebat non minoris quam publicam

did lead (think) not of less (value) than the public (faith).

Talis erat fama de Cassio ea tempestate. Igitur

Such was the fame of Cassius at that time. Therefore

Jugurtha venit Romam cultu quam maxumd

Jugurtha came (to) Rome in habit, as most

miserabili contra regium decus.

miserable contrary -to royal honour. [In mean dress, inoon-

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172 BALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

At tametsi magna vis animi

sistent with royal dignity.] But although great strength of mind

erat in ipso, confirmatus ab omnibus, potential

was in himself, being strengthened by all, by the power

aut scelere quorum gesserat cuncta ea

or wickedness of whom he had carried-on all those (things)

quae memoravimus supril, parat Caium

which we have recorded above, he prepares (procures) Caius

Bsebium, tribunum plebis, magn£ mercede,

Bsebius, a tribune of the common-people, by a great reward,

impudentid. cujus munitus-foret contra jus et

by the impudence of whom he might be secured against law and

omnis (omnes) injur ias. At Caius Memmius,

aU injuries. But Caius Memoiiu?,

concione advocata, quamquam plebes erat

an assembly being summoned, although the commonalty was

infesta regi, et pars jubebat duci in

hostile to the king, and part did order (him) to be led into

vincula, pars supplicium sumi de hoste

chains, part punishment to be taken of the enemy

more majorum, ni aperiret

in the manner of (our) ancestors, unless he would disclose

socios sceleris; consulens magls dignitati

the companions of (his) wickedness ; consulting more to dignity

qu&m irse, sedare motus,et mollire

than to anger, (began) to allay the commotions, and to soften

animos eorum; postremd, confirmare publicam

the minds of them lastly, to affirm the publio

fidem fore inviolatam per sese.

faith to be about-to-be [should be] inviolate through himself.

Post, ubi silentium coepit, Jugurthfi producto,

Afterwards, when silence began, Jugurtha being led-forth,

facit verba: memorat

he makes words: [he, Memmius, addresses him] : recounts (his)

facinora Bomae que Numidiae ; ostendit scelera

crimes at Rome and at Numidia; shows (his) wickednesses

in patrem que fratres; quamquam Bomanus

towards (his) father and brothers although the Roman

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 173

populus intelligat quibus juvantibus que

people may understand (understands) by whom assisting and

quibus ministris egerit ([Link].) ea, tamen

by what servants he may have done (he did) those (things), yet

velle habere magis manifesta ex illo: si

to will to have (them) more manifest from him : if

aperiat verum, magnam spem sitam illi

he may disclose the truth, great hope (would be) placed for him

in fide et dementia Romani populi, sin

in the faith and the clemency of the Roman people, but-if

reticeat, fore non saluti

he be silent, to-be -about- to-be not [it would not be] for safety to (his)

sociis, sed corrupturumr se que

companions, but about-to-destroy [but would destroy] himself and

suas spes. Dein, ubi Memmius fecit finem dicendi,

his hopes. Then, when Memmius made an end of speaking,

et Jugurtha jussus-est respondere, Caius Baebius,

and Jugurtha was-ordered to answer, Caius Baebius,

tribunus plebis, quem diximus supri

tribune of the common-people, whom we have said above (to have

corruptum pecunifi, jubet regem tacere: ac

been) corrupted by money, orders the king to be-silent : and

tametsi multitudo, quae aderat in concione,

although the multitude, which was-present in the assembly,

vehementer accensa, terrebat cum clamore, vultu,

exceedingly inflamed, did affright with clamour, countenance

saepe impetu, atque omnibus aliis quae

(looks), often with violence, and with all other (things) which

ira amat fieri; tamen impudentia vicit. Ita

anger loves to be done ; yet impudence conquered. Thus
populus habitus ludibrio, discedit ex concione:
the people being held in ridicule, departs out- of the assembly

animi augescunt Jugurtha, que Bestiae, et

minds (spirit) increase to Jugurtha, an<^
, to Bestia, and

caeteris, quos ilia quaestio exagitabat. Erat ea

to the rest, whom that inquiry did harass. There was at that

tempestate quidam Numida Romae, Massiva nomine*

time a certain Nutnidian at- Rome, Massiva by name,

15*

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174 SALLUSTU JUGURTHA.

filius Guluss®, nepos Masinissae, qui quia fuerat

son of Gulus8a, grandson of Masinissa, who because he had been

advorsus JugurthaB in dissensione regum, Cirt&

adverse to Jugurtha in the dissension of the kings, Cirta

deditS, et Atherbale interfecto, profugus

being surrendered, and Adherbal being killed, (as) an exile

abierat ex Africa. Spurius Albinus, qui gerebat

had departed out-of Africa. Spurius Albinus, who did carry -on

consulatum cum Quinto Minucio Rufo proxumo anno

vhe consulship with Quintus Minuoius Rufus in the next year

post Bestiam, persuadet huic, quoniam sit ex

after Bestia, persuades to him, since he may be (is) of

stirpe Masinissse, . urgeat Jugurtham

the stem (family) of Masinissa, (that) he may press Jugurtha

invidifi cum metu ob scelera,

by odium with fear on-account-of (his) wickednesses, (and)

petat
may seek [and as odium, with fear on account of his wickedness, pressed

regnum Numidiae
hard on Jugurtha, he, Massiva, should seek] the kingdom of Numidia

ab senatu. Consul, avidus belli gerundi,

from the senate. The consul, desirous of the war to be-carried-on,

malebat omnia moveri quam senescere.

had -rather all (things) to be disturbed than to grow old.

Provincia Numidia evenerat ipsi, Macedonia Minucio.

The Province Numidia had come tohim, Macedonia to Minucius.

Quae postquam Massiva coepit agitare neque

Which (things) after that Massiva began to deliberate neither

est satis praesidii Jugurthse in amicis ;

quod
is there sufficient of protection to Jugurtha in friends; because

conscientia impediebat alium eorum, mala fama

conscience did hinder another (one) of them, bad character

et timor animi alium: imperat Bomilcari, proxumo

and fear of mind another: he commands to Bomilcar, the nearest

ac maxumfc fido sibi, paret insidiatores

and most faithful to him, (that) he may procure assassins

Massivae pretio, sicuti confecerat multa

for Massiva by a reward (bribe), as he had accomplished many (things)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 175

ac maxumfc occulte. Sin id parum-procedat,

an 4 most secretly. But- if that may not-succeed,
interficiat Numidam quo vis modo. Bomilcar matur®
he may kill the Nuraidians in any manner. - Bomilcar speedily

exsequitur man data et explorat itinera, que

regis,
executes the mandates of the king, and explores the journeys, and

egressus ejus, postremd,

egresses of him, [his routes, and time of leaving home], lastly,

cuncta loca atque tempora

all [his] places [of resort] and times [of frequenting them]

per homines artifices talis negotii ; dein ubi

through men skilful of (in) such business; then when
res postulabat, tendit insidias. Igitur unus ex
the thing did require, he lays snares. Therefore one of

eo numero, qui parati-erant ad csedem,

that number, who had been procured to (for) the murder,

aggredltur Massivam pauld inconsultius, obtruncat

attacks Massiva a little too-rashly, murders

ilium; sed ipse deprehensus, profitetur indicium,

him but he being apprehended, confesses the information,

multis hortantibus, sed in-primis

[gives full information], many encouraging (him), but -particularly

Albino consule. Bomilcar, comes ejus, qui venerat

Albinus the consul. Bomilcar, the companion of him, who had come
Romam publicfi fide, fit reus magls ex
(to) Rome with the public faith, is made criminal rather according-to

aequo que bono, quam ex jure gentium.

just and good, than according-to the right of nations.

At Jugurtha manifestus tanti sceleris,

But Jugurtha manifest (convicted) of so-great wickedness,

omisit non niti contra verum priusquam

omitted not to endeavour against the truth before- that

animadvortit invidiam facti esse super suam

he perceives the envy (odium) of the deed to be above his

gratiam atque pecuniam. Igitur quamquam dederat

interest and money. Therefore although he had given

quinquaginta ex amicis vades in priora

fifty of (his) friends (as) bails in the former

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176 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

actione, consulens magis

action, [when Bom Hear was first put on trial], [consulting more

regno, qu&m vadibus, dimittit Bomilcarem

for his kingdom, than for the securities,] he sends-away Botnilcar

clam in Numidiam, veritus ne metus parendi

privately into Numidia, having dreaded lest a fear of obeying

sibi invaderet reliquos popularis (populares), si

to him might attack (his) remaining subjects, if

supplicium sumptum-foret de illo:

punishment might have been taken (had been taken) of him :

et ipse jussus & senatu decedere Italifi,

and he been ordered by the senate to depart from Italy,

profectus-est eodem paucis diebus. Sed postquam

set-out to the same (place) in a few days. But after that

egressus-est Rom&, tacitus, respiciens e6, fertur,

he departed from Rome, silent, looking-back thither, he is reported,

Sostrem6 dixisse, urbem venalem, et . mature

st\y to have said, the city (to be) venal, and speedily

perituram, si invenerit emptorem. Interim Albinus,

about-to-perish, if it shall have found a purchaser. Meantime Albinus,

bello renovato, maturS portare in Africam

the war being renewed, (began) speedily to convey into Africa

commeatum, stipendium, que alia, quae forent

provision, pay, and other (things), which might be

usui militibus: ac ipse statim profectus,

for use to soldiers : and himself immediately set-out,

ut conficeret bellum armis, aut deditione, aut

that he might finish the war by arms, or by surrender, or

quovis modo. At Jugurtha contra trahere

in any manner. But Jugurtha on-the-other-hand (began) to protract

omnia, et facere alias, deinde alias caussas

all (things), and to make other, then other causes

morse: pollicere deditionem, ac deinde simulare

of delay : to promise a surrender, and then to pretend

metura : cedere instanti, et paullo post instare,

fear to yield (to him) urging, and a-little after to urge

ne sui diffiderent: ita ludificare

(him), lest his-own (people) might distrust: thus to ba tile

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 BALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 17T

consulem modd mor& belli, mod6 pacis. Ac fu&re,

the consul now by delay of war, now of peace. And there were

qui existumarent (imp. sub.) turn Albinum

(some), who might (did) think then Albinus

haud ignarum consilii regis; neque crederent

not ignorant of the design of the king ; nor would believe

bellum tarn facile traotum ex tant& properantiS,

the war so easily protracted out-of (after) so-great haste,

magis socordiA quam dolo. Sed postquam,

rather from inactivity than by deceit. But after-that,

tempore dilapso, dies comitiorum

the time having glided-away, the day of the elections

adventabat, Albinus, fratre Aulo relicto

did approach, Albinus, (his) brother Aulus being left

pro praetor in castris, decessit Romam.

[pro pretor] in the camps, departed (to) Rome.
Respublica agitabatur atrociter efi tempestate
The commonwealth was harassed dreadfully at that time

Romae tribunitiis seditionibus. P. Lucullus,

at Rome by tribunitial seditions. Publius Lucullus,

et L. Annius, tribuni plebis, nitebantur

and Lucius Annius, tribunes of the people, did strive

continuare magistratum, collegis

to continue (their) magistracy, (their) colleagues

resistentibus : quae dissensio impediebat comitia

opposing (it) : which dissension did hinder the elections

totius anni. Aulus adductus in spem ea mora,

of the whole year. Aulus being led into hope by that delay,

quern diximus supra relictum (esse) propraetore in

whom we have said above to have been left (as) propraetor in

castris, aut belli conficiundi, aut

the camps, either (for the sake) of the war to-be-finished, or

pecuniae capiundae ab rege terrore exercitfis,

of money to-be- taken from the king by the terror of (his) army,

evocat milites ex hibernis in expeditionem,

calls-out the soldiers out-of winter-quarters into an expedition,

mense Januario: que magnis itineribus asperfi

in the month January : and by great marches in a rough

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178 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

hieme, pervenit ad oppidum Suthul, ubi thesauri

winter, arrived at the town Suthul, where the treasures

regis erant. Quod quanquam poterat neque

of the king were. Which although [he] was-able neither

capi neque obsideri, et saavitiS, temporis

to be taken nor to be besieged, both by the severity of the time

et opportunitate loci, (nam limosa

and by the commodiousness [defences] of the place, (for a marshy

planicies fecerat paludem hiemalibus aquis circum

plain had made a lake from the wintry waters about

murum situm in extremo prserupti montis)

the wall situate on the extreme (edge) of a rugged mountain)

tamen, aut gratis simulandi, qu6 adderet

however, either for the sake of pretending, in -order- that he might add

formidinem regi, aut csecus cupidine

(strike) terror to the king, or blind with a desire

potiundi oppidi ob thesauros, agere

of possessing the town on-account-of the treasures, (he began) to act

vineas, jacere aggerem, que properare

(advance) mantelets, to throw-up a mound, and to hasten

alia, quae forent usui incepto. At

other (things), which might be for use to the undertaking. But

Jugurtha, vanitate atque imperitifi 'legati

Jugurtha, the vanity and ignorance of the lieutenant

cognitS, subdolus augere amentiam

being known, crafty (began) to increase (his) insanity

missitare supplicantis legatos: ipse, quasi

to send-often supplicating ambassadors : himself, as-if

vitabundus ductare exercitum per saltuosa

avoiding (him) to lead (his) army through woody

loca, et tramites. Denique, pepulit Aulum

places, and cross-paths. Finally, he forced Aulus

spe pactionis, uti Suthule relicto,

by the hope of an agreement, that Suthul being left,

insequeretur sese in abditas regiones, veluti

he might pursue himself into hidden (remote) regions, as-if

cedentem: ita delicta fore occultiora.

yielding thus (his) transgressions to be about- to -bo more seoret

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SALLUSTII JUttURTHA. 179

Interea tentabat exercitum die que noctu,

Meantime he did try (tempt) the army by day and by night,

per callidos homines : corrumpere centuriones que

by crafty men to corrupt the centurions and

duces turmarum, uti transfugerent ; uti alii, signo

leaders of companies, thatthey might desert; that others, a sign

dato, desererent locum. Quae postquam

being given, might abandon the place. Which (things) after that

instruxit ex sententia ; circumvenit castra

he arranged according- to (his) determination,' he surrounded the camps

Auli de-improviso intempesta nocte, multitudine

of Aulus suddenly in unseasonable night, with a multitude

Numidarum. Romani milites, perculsi insolito

of Numidians. The Roman soldiers, struck with the unusual

tumultu, alii capere arma; alii abdere se;

tumult, (began) others to take arms; others to hide themselves;

pars confirmare territos; trepidare omnibus

part to enoourage the affrighted; to tremble in all

locis; vis hostium magna; coelum

places; the force of the enemies (was) great; heaven (the sky)

obscuratum nocte atque nubibus, periculum

darkened by the night and by clouds, the danger (was)

anceps: postrem6, erat in-incerto

double [on both sides] : lastly, it was doubtful (whether)

foret tutius fugere an manere. Sed ex eo

it might be safer to flee or to remain. But out-of that

numero, quos diximus paullo ant& corruptos-(esse),

number, whom we have said a little before to have been corrupted,

una cohors Ligurum, cum duabus turmis

one cohort of Ligurians, with two companies

Thracum, et paucis gregariis-militibus, transi§re

of Thracians, and a few common-soldiers, went-over

ad regem, et centurio primi-pili tertise

to the king, and a centurion of the first-order of the third

legionis dedit locum introeundi hostibus per

legion gave a place of entering to the enemies through

munitionem, quam acceperat uti defenderet;

a fortification, which he had received that he might defend (it)

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180 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

que ea cuncti Numidae irrupSre. Nostri

and by that all tbe Numidians burst-in. Our (men)

plerique armis abjectis, occupavere proxumum

most (their) arms being thrown- aw ay, seized the nearest

collem fceda fug&. Nox atque praeda castrorum

• hill in shameful flight. Night and the spoil of the camps

remorata-sunt hostes, quo minus-uterentur

delayed the enemies, that they might not use (improve)

victoria^ (abl.) Dein Jugurtha postero die facit

the victory. Afterwards Jugurtha in the following day makes

verba cum Aulo in colloquio: "Tametsi tenet

words with Aulas in a conference : " Although he holds

ipsum cum exercitu clausum fame que ferro,

him with (his) army shut-up by famine and iron

tamen se memorem humanarum rerum;

(sword), however himself (to be) mindful of human things

si faceret foedus secum,

if he would make a treaty with-himself, (that he would be)
•
missurum omnis (omnes) incolumes sub jugum
about-to-send aU safe under the yoke;

praeterea, uti decederet Numidift decern

besides, that he should depart from Numidia in ten

diebus." Quae quanquam erant gravia et

days." Which (things) although they were heavy and
plena flagitii, tamen, quia mutabantur metu
full of infamy, however, because they were exchanged with the fear

mortis, pax convenit, sicuti libuerat regi.

of death, peace was agreed -on, so-as it had pleased to the king.

Sed ubi ea comperta-sunt Romae, metus

But when those (things) were discovered at Rome, fear

atque moeror invasere civitatem: pars dolere

and sorrow attacked the state : part (began) to grieve

pro gloriA imperii; pars, insolita bellicarum

for the glory of the empire ; part, unused of warlike

rerum, timere libertati. Omnes infesti

affairs, to fear for (their) liberty. All (were) hostile

Aulo, ac maxume qui fuerant ssep& praeclari

to Aulus, and chiefly (those) who had been often illustrious

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 181

bello; quod armatus quaesiverit salutem

in war; because being armed he may have sought safety

dedecore potius quam manu. Consul

by disgrace rather than by hand (by valour). The consul

Albinus, timens invidiam ex delicto

Albinus, fearing odium from the transgression of (his)

fratris ob ea, ac deinde periculum,

brother on-account-of these (things), and then danger [to him-

consulebat senatum de foedere: et tamen

self], did consult the senate concerning the treaty : and however

interim scribere supplementum exercitui

mean-time (began) to write (levy) an addition to the army;

arcessere auxilia ab sociis et Latino nomine;

to send-for auxiliaries from the allies and the Latin name;

denique, festinare omnibus modis. Senatus decernit

finally, to hasten in all manners. The senate decrees

ita uti fuerat par: " Nullum foedus

so as had been equal (proper) " No treaty

potuisse fieri suo-injussu

to have been-able to be made [could be made] without their-order

atque populi." Consul impeditus a

and (that) of the people." The consul being hindered by
tribunis plebis, ne-portaret secum
the tribunes of the people, (that) he might not carry with him

copias quas paraverat, proficiscitur in Airicam

the forces which he had prepared, sets-out into Africa

paucis diebus* Nam omnis exercitus deductus

in a few days. For all the army being led-away

Numidia, hiemabat in provincial uti

from Numidia, did winter in the province, as

convenerat. Postquam venit eo, quamquam

it had been agreed-on. After that he came thither, although

ardebat animo persequi Jugurtham, et mederi

he did burn in mind to pursue Jugurtha, and to remedy

fraternae invidiae, militibus cognitis, quos praeter

to brotherly odium, the soldiers being known, whom besides

fugam, imperio soluto, licentia atque

(their) flight, authority being dissolved, licentiousness and

16

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182 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

lascivia corruperant, statuit ex copift

wantonness had corrupted, he determined from the plenty

rerum nihil agitandum sibi.

of things nothing to be agitated to (by) himself. [From the nature of

Interea, C.
the case, that nothing could be done by him.] Meantime, Caius

Mamilius Limetanus, tribunus plebis, promulgat

Mamiliu8 Limetanus, tribune of the people, publishes

rogationem ad populum Romse, " Uti qusereretur

an inquiry (bill) to the people at Rome, " That it should be inquired

in eos, consilio quorum Jugurtha neg-

against those, by advice of whom Jugurtha might have (had) con-

lexisset decreta senati; que qui acce-

temned the decrees of the senate ; and who might have (had) re-

pissent pecunias ab eo in legationibus aut imperiis

oeived moneys from him in embassies or commands;

qui tradidissent elephantos, que qui

who might have (had) delivered elephants, and who
perfugas; item qui fecissent pactiones
deserters; likewise who might have (had) made conventions

de pace aut bello cum hostibus." Partim

about peace or war with the enemies." (Persons) partly

conscii sibi, alii metuentes pericula ex invidi£

conscious to themselves, others fearing dangers from the odium

partium, parabant impedimenta huic rogationi,

of parties, did prepare impediments [to this demanded-investigation],

(quoniam poterant non resistere apertfe, quin

(sinee they were- able not to resist openly, but-that

faterentur ilia et talia alia placere

they might confess those (things) and such other (things) to please

sibi)
to themselves) [unless they should be content to confess those, and such

occulta per amicos ac maxumfc per

other things] secretly by (their) friends and chiefly by

homines Latini nominis et Italicos socios.

men of the Latin name (nation) and the Italian allies.

~Sed est incredibile memoratu, quam intents

But it is incredible to be related, how intent

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 SALLUSTII JUOURTHA. 183

plebes fuerit, que quantfi, vi,

the common-people may have been (was), and with how-great force,

jusserit (perf. sub.), decreverit, voluerit

(they) may have ordered, may have decreed, may have willed

rogationem, magis odio nobilitatis, cui ilia

the inquiry (bill), more from hatred of the nobility, for whom those

mala parabantur, qu&m carfi reipublicae; tanta

evils were prepared, than from regard of the state ; so-great

lubido erat in partibus. Igitur caeteris perculsis

passion was in the factions. Therefore the rest being strucK

metu, M. Scaurus, quern memoravimus supra

with fear, Marcus Soaurus, whom we have recorded above

fuisse legatum Bestiae, inter laetitiam plebis

to have been a lieutenant of Bestia, between the gladness of the people

et fugam suorum, civitate etiam turn

and the flight of his-own (friends), the state even then (being)

trepidfi, cum tres quaesitoris rogarentuc

fearful, when (as) three inquisitors might be (were) demanded

ex MamilianS rogatione, effecerat ut

from [by] the Mamilian bill, [he] had accomplished that

ipse crearetur in eo numero. Sed quaestione

he might be created [selected] in that number. But the inquiry

exercitfi asperfc, que violenUr ex rumore, et

being carried-on roughly, and violently from report, and

lubidine plebis, ut insolentia saepfc ceperat

the passion of the people, as intemperance often had taken

nobilitatem ex secundis rebus, sic plebem

the nobility from favourable things, so (it seized) the people

e& tempestate. Caeterum mos popularium

in that time. But the custom of popular

partium, et factionum senati, ac deinde omnium

parties, and of factions of the senate, and afterwards of all

malarum artium, ortus-est paucis annis ant&

bnd qualities [practices], arose in a few years before

Romae, otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae

at Rome, from leisure and the abundance of those [things] which

m or tales ducunt prima. Nam ant& Garthaginem

mortals deem first. For before Carthage

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184 SALLUSTII JCGURTHA.

deletam, Romanus populus et senatus *ractabant

being destroyed, the Roman people and the senate did manage
rempublicam placidS que modest^ inte* se;
the commonwealth quietly and moderately amon& themselves;

neque erat certamen gloriae neque d,minationis

neither was (there) a contest of glory nor of supremacy

inter cives: hostilis metus retinebat civitatem bonis

among citizens : the hostile fear did keep the utate in good

,artibus. Sed ubi ilia formido discessit

qualities [practices]. But when that terror departed

mentibus, scilicet ea lascivja atque saperbia

from (their) minds, forsooth that wantonness and pride

quae secundae res amant, incessere. Ita pobtquam

which prosperous things loves, came-on. Thus after- that

adepti-sunt otium, quod optaverunt in advorsis rebus,

they obtained the leisure, which they wished in adverse things,

fuit asperius que acerbius. Namque

it was more-rough (injurious) and more-bitter. For

nobilitas coepere vertere dignitatem, populus

the nobility began to turn (their) dignity, the people (their)

libertatem, in lubidinem: quisque ducere,

liberty, into passion every one (began) to draw-away,

trahere, rapere sibi. Ita omnia abstracta-sunt

to drag, to seize for himself. Thus all (things) were drawn-away

in duas partis (partes). Respublica, quae fuerat

into two parties. The commonwealth, which had been

media, dilacerata-(est). Caeterum nobilitas pollebat

middle, was torn-asunder. But the nobility did prevail

magis factione: vis plebis, soluta

more in party : the force of the common-people being dissolved

atque dispersa in multitudinem, minus-poterat

«nd scattered among the multitude, was less-powerful

agitabatur belli que domi arbitrio paucorum.

it whs transacted of war (abroad) and at-home by the will of a few.

jErarium, provinciae, magistratus, gloriae, que triumphi

The treasuries, the provinces, magistracies, glories, and triumphs

erant penes eosdem; populus urgebatur militisi

wore in-the-power-of the same,* [the people were harassed by war

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 185

atque inopi&; imperatores cum paucis diripiebant

and want;] the commanders with a few did plunder

bellicas prsedas. Interea parentes aut parvi liberi

the warlike spoils. Mean-while the parents or little children

militum pellebantur sedibus, uti quisque

of the soldiers were expelled from (their) settlements, as everyone

erat confinis potentiori. Ita avaritia

was neighbouring to a more-powerful (person). Thus avarice

sine modo que modesti&, cum potentifi

without measure and moderation, with power (began)

invadere, polluere, et vastare omnia; habere

to attack, to defile, and to waste all (things); to have

nihil pensi, neque sancti,

nothing of consideration, [to regard nothing], nor of sacred, [nor

quoad ipsa prsecipitavit semet. Nam

as sacred], until it threw-headlong itself. For

ubi-primum reperti-sunt ex nobilitate, qui

when-first (persons) were found out-of the nobility, who
anteponerent veram gloriam injustae potentise, civitas
would prefer true glory to unjust power, the state

coepit moveri, et civilis dissensio, quasi permixtio

began to be disturbed, and civil discord, as-if a confusion

terrae, oriri. Nam postquam Tiberius, et

of the earth, (began) to arise. For after-that Tiberius, and

C. Gracchus, quorum majores addiderant multum

Caius Gracchus, whose ancestors had added much
reipublicae Punico atque aliis bellis, coepere vindicare
to tbe state in the Punic and in other wars, began to assert

plebem in libertatem, et patefacere scelera

the common-people into liberty, and to expose the crimes

paucorum ; nobilitas noxia atque eo perculsa,

of a few j
the nobility guilty and therefore struck (terrified),

ierat-obviam actionibus Gracchorum, modd per socios

had opposed to the processes of the Gracchi, one-time by the allies

ac Latinum nomen, interdum per Romanos

v

and the Latin name (nation), sometimes by the Roman

equites, quos spes societatis dimoverat &
knights, whom the hope of a union had separated from

16*

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186 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

plebe: et primS necaverat ferro

the common-people: and first had killed with the iron (sword)

Tiberium, dein Caium post paucos annos ingredientem

Tiberius, then Cuius after a few years entering-on

eadem, alterum tribunum, alterum triumvirum

the same (things), the other (one) a tribune, the other a triumvir

coloniis deducendis, cum M. Fulvio Flacco. Et

for colonies to-be-led-on, with Marcus Fulvius Flaccus. And
san& animus satis moderatus fuit haud Gracchis
truly a mind sufficiently moderate was not to the imicclii

cupidine victoriae. Sed est sat i us vinci bono

from eagerness of victory. But it is preferable to be conquered in a good

more, quam vincere injuriam malo. Igitur

manner (cause), than to conquer injury" in a bad (one). Therefore

nobilitas, usfi e& victoria ex sua lubidine,

the nobility, having used that victory according-to their pulsion,

extinxit multos mortales ferro aut fuga

destroyed many mortals with the iron (sword) or by banishment;

que addidit plus timoris quam potentiae sibi in

and added more of fear than of power to themselves unto

reliquum. Quae res plerumque pessum-

the rest (remaining time). Which thing generally has preci-

dedit magnas civitates : dum alteri volunt

pi tated [destroyed] great states: whilst the others will

vincere alteros quovis modo, et ulcisci victos

to conquer the others in any manner, and to avenge the conquered

acerbius. Sed si parem disserere singillatim aut

more-bitterly. But if I may prepare to discuss individually or

pro magnitudine de studiis

in proportion-to the greatness (of the affair) about the zeals

partium et omnibus moribus civitatis, tempus deseret

of parties and all the morals of the state, time will fail

maturius qu&m res. Quamobrem redeo

sooner than the thing (subject). Wherefore I return

ad inceptum.
to the undertaking.

Post fcedus Auli que foedam fugam nostri

After the treaty of Aulus aud the disgraceful flight of our

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exercitus, Metellus et Silanus, consules designati,

army, Metellus and Silanus, the consuls elect,

partiverant provincias inter se: que Numidia

bad shared the provinces between themselves : and Numidia

evenerat Metello, acri viro, et quanquam

had come (by lot) to Metellus, a vigorous man, and although

adverso partibus populi, tamen aequabili

adverse to the factions of the people, however with (of) steady

et inviolata fama. Ubi is primum ingressus-est

and inviolate report. When he first entered-on

magistratum, ratus omnia alia sibi cum

the magistracy, having thought all other (things) for himself with

collegfi, intendit animum ad bellum quod

(his) colleague, he applies (his) mind to the war which

erat gesturus. Igitur diffidens veteri exercitui,

he was about to carry-on. Therefore distrusting to the old army,

scribere milites, arcessere praesidia

(he began) to write (levy) soldiers, to send-for protections [aid]

undique: parare arma, tela, equos, et caetera

from-every-side : to prepare arms, weapons, horses, and the other

instrumenta militiaa, ad hoc commeatum

instruments of warfare, to this (besides) provision

affatim; denique, omnia quae solent esse

abundantly; finally, all (things) which are accustomed to be

usui in vario bello, et egenti multarum rerum.

for use in a changeable war, and needing of many things.

Cseterum senatus adnitebatur ad ea

But the senate did strive to those (things)

patranda auctoritate, socii que Latinum

to-be-accomplished by (its) authority, the allies and the Latin

nomen et reges mittendo auxilia ultro,

name (nation) and kings by sending auxiliaries voluntarily,

postremo omnis civitas summo studio.

1 lastly all the state (did strive) with the highest zeal.

Itaque omnibus rebus paratis que compositis

Therefore all things being prepared and arranged

ex sententia, profiqjscitur in Numidiam,

according-to determination, he sets-out into Numidia,

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188 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

magnft spe civium, cum propter bonas

with great hope of the citizens, as-well on-account-of (his) good

artis (artes), turn maxumS quod gerebat invictum

qualities, as chiefly because he did bear an un conquered

animum advorsum divitias: ante id tempus nostras

mind- against riches : ' before that time our

opes contusae-erant que hostiura auctae

resources had been bruised and (those) of the enemies increased

avaritia magistratuum. Sed ubi venit in

by the avarice of the magistrates. But when he came into

Africam, exercitus Spurii Albini, pro consule,

Africa, the army of Spurius Albinus, [acting] for the consul,

traditur ei, iners, imbellis, patiens neque

is delivered to him, inactive, un warlike, enduring neither

periculi neque laboris, promptior lingua* qudm

of danger nor of labour, more-ready in tongue than

manu, praedator ex sociis, et ipse praeda

in hand (action), a plunderer from allies, and itself the prey

hostium, habitus sine imperio et modestia. Ita

of the enemies, held without authority and moderation. Thus

plus solicitudinis accedebat novo imperatori ex

more of anxiety did accrue to the new eommander from

malis moribus, quftm auxilii aut bonae spei

(their) bad habits, than of aid or of good hope

ex copi& militum. Tamen Metellus statuit

from the abundance of the soldiers. However Metellus resolved

non attingere bellum prius quam

not to touch the war before than he might have (had)

coegisset milites laborare discipline

compelled the soldiers to labour (under) the discipline of (our)

majorum, quamquam mora imminuerat et tempus

ancestors, although the delay had diminished both the time

aestivorum comitiorum, et putabat aniinos

of the sumuier elections, and he did think the minds

civium intentos, expectatione eventi. Nam

of the citizens intent-on (him), by expectation of the issue. For

Albinus, perculsus clade fratris Auli que

Albinus, struck with the defeat of (his) brother Aulus and

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 189

exercitus, habebat milites plerumque stativis

of the army, did hold the soldiers generally in stationary

castris, quantum temporis aestivorum fuit

camps, as-much of the time of the summer-quarters [as] he was

in imperio, postquam decreverat non egredi

in authority, after-that * he had resolved not to go-out

provincial nisi cum odos aut egestas pabuli

from the province, unless when the stench or want of forage

subegerat mutare locum. Sed neque

had compelled (him) to change (his) place. But neither

vigiliae deducebantur militari more; ut

the watches were conducted . in a military manner; as

lubebat cuique, aberat ab . signis.

it did please to every-one, he was-absent from" (his) standards.

Lixae, permisti cum militibus, vagabantur

The victuallers, intermixed with the soldiers, did stray-about

diu que noctu: et palantes vastare

by-day and by night : and roving (were accustomed) to ravage

agros, expugnare villas, certantes agere praedas

the lands, to assault the country-seats, vying to drive booties

pecoris et mancipiorum; que mutare ea

of cattle and of slaves; and to exchange those

advectitio vino et talibus aliis cum mercatoribus :

for imported wine and such other (things) with the merchants

praeterea vendere frumentum datum public^,

besides to sell the corn given publicly (at public

mercari panem indies : postremd, quaecunque

expense), to traffic-in bread daily lastly, whatever

proba ignaviae que luxuriae queunt dici aut

disgraces of laziness and of luxury can be said or

fingi, cuncta fu^re in illo exercitu, et alia

be imagined, all (those) were in that army, and others

ampliiis. Sed comperior Metellum fuisse

more (besides). But I find Metellus to have been

minus magnum et sapientem virum in e&

less a great and wise man in that

difficultate, quam in hostilibus rebus : moderatum (esse)

difficulty, than in hostile affairs : to have governed

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190 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

tantfi temperantifi inter ambitionem que

with so-great moderation between ambition and
saevitiam. Namque primum sustulisse
severity. For (I find him) first to have withdrawn

adjumenta ignaviae edicto, "quisquam

the aids of laziness by an edict, " (that) any-one

ne-venderet panem in castris, aut quern alium

should-not-8ell bread in the camps, or auy other

coctum cibum lixse ne-sequerentur exercitum

oooked food; (that) scullions should not-follow the army;

gregarius miles ne-haberet servum aut

(that) a common soldier should-not-have a slave or

jumentum in castris, neve in agmine:"

a beast-of-burthen in the camps, nor in the army
statuisse modum arte* ceteris;
(on the march) :" to have appointed a limit closely to the rest;

praeterea movere castra quotidifc transvorsis

moreover to move the camps daily by cross

itineribus; munire vallo atque foss&

journeys; to fortify (them) with a rampart and with a ditch

juxti ac-si hostes adessent; ponere

equally as-if the enemies might be (were) at-hand ; to place

crebras vigilias, et ipse cum legatis

frequent watches, and himself with the lieutenants

circuire eas ; item adesse modd in agmine

to go-round them; likewise to be-present one-time in the troop (march)

in primis, modd in postremis, saepe* in medio,

among the first, one-time among the last, often in the middle,

ne quisquam egrederetur ordine ; uti miles

lest any-one might go-out from the rank; that the soldier

portaret cibum et arma, ciim incederent

should carry food and arms, when they might (did) proceed

frequentes signis. Ita

numerous [when they marched in a body] with the standards. Thus

confirmavit exercitum brevi, magis prohibendo &

he strengthened the army shortly, more by preventing from

delictis quam vindicando. Interea ubi Jugurtha

transgressions than by punishing. Mean-time when Jugurtha

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 191

accepit ex nunciis, quae Metellus

received (heard) from messengers, what (things) Metellus

agebat; simul factus certior Romae de

did act; at-the-same-time being made more-sure at Rome of

innocentia ejus, diffidere suis rebus, ac

the integrity of him, (he began) to distrust in his-own affairs, and

turn demum conatus-est facere veram deditionem.

then at-last endeavoured to make a trtfe (real) surrender.

Igitur mittit legatos ad consulem cum suppliciis,

Therefore he sends ambassadors to the consul with entreaties,

qui peterent tantummodo vitam ipsi que liberis,

who might ask only life for himself and children,

dederent omnia alia

might surrender [that he would surrender] all other (things)

Romano populo. Sed cognitum-erat jam antea

to the Roman people. But it had been known already before

experimentis Metello, genus Numidarum esse infidum,

by trials to Metellus, the race of the Numidians to be faithless,

mobili ingenio, avidum novarum rerum.

with changeable disposition, eager of new things (revolution).

Itaque aggreditur legatos diversos alium ab alio

Therefore he accosts the ambassadors apart one from the other;

ac tentando paullatim, postquam cognovit

and by trying (them) by degrees, aftcr-that he knew (them)

opportunos sibi, persuadet pollicendo multa,

convenient for himself, he persuades (them) by promising many
uti traderent Jugurtbam sibi maxumd
(things), that they should deliver Jugurtha to himself particularly

vivum, sin id procedat parum, necatum: caeterum

alive, but- if that may succeed little (not), killed: but

jubet nunciari palam regi, quae forent

he orders to be announced openly to the king, what (things) might be

ex voluntate. Deinde ipse procedit

according-to (his) will. Afterwards himself proceeds

in Numidiam paucis diebus, intento atque infesto

into Numidia in a few days, with a prepared and hostile

exercitu: ubi tuguria erant plena hominum,

army where the cots were full of men,

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pecora (pi.) que cultores in agris, contra

the cattle and the cultivators (were) in the fields, contrary- to

faciem belli: praefecti regis procedebant obvii

the appearance of war: the prefects of the king did proceed opposite

ex oppidis et mapalibus r parati dare

(towards him) out-of the towns and cottages, prepared to give

frumentum, portare commeatum, postremo facere

corn, to carry provision, finally to do

omnia quae imperarentur. Neque Metellus

all (things) which might be ordered. Neither Metellus

idcirco minus incedere munito agmine,

therefore (began) the less to proceed with a guarded troop, [Metellus

sed pariter
did not on that account march with less precaution], but equally

ac-si hostes adessent, explorare late*

as-if the enemies might be (were) at- hand, to search widely

omnia, credere ilia signa deditionis ostentui,

all (things), to believe thoso signs of a surrender for a show,

et tentare locum insidiis.

and to try (sound) the place for ambuscades. [And that the enemy

Itaque ipse erat

only sought a proper place for an ambuscade.] Therefore himself was

cum expeditis cohortibus, item delect^ manu

with the light-armed cohorts, also with a chosen band

funditorum et saggitariorum, apud primos ;

of slingers and archers, at (among) the first [in front]

C. Marius legatus curabat cum

Caius Marius (his) lieutenant did take care (was on duty) with

equitibus in postremo dispertiverat

the cavalry in the last (the rear) : he had shared (divided)

auxiliaros equites tribunis legionum, et prsefectis

the auxiliary cavalry to the tribunes of the legions, and to the prefecU

cohortium, in utrumque latus; uti velitea

of cohorts, unto each side (wing)j that the skirmisher*

permixti cum his, propulsarent equitatus (pL)

being mingled with these, might repulse the cavalry

hostium, quocunque accederent. Nam erat

of the enemies, wheresoever they might approach. For (there) was

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tantus dolus in JugurtM, que tanta peritia locorum

eo-great deceit in Jugurtha, and so-great knowledge of the places

et militiae, ut haberetur in-incerto absens

and of warfare, that it might be held doubtful (whether) absent

an prsesens, gerens pacem an bellum, esset

or present, carrying-on peace or war, he might be

perniciosior. Erat haud longfc ab eo intinere,

more -destructive. There was not far from that route,

quo Metellus pergebat, oppidum Numidarum,

by which Metellus did proceed, a town of the Numidians,

nomine^ Vacca, forum venalium rerum, maxumfc

by name Vacua, a mart of saleable things, most

celebratupa totius regni ; ubi multi mortales Italici

frequented of the whole kingdom; where many mortals of the Italian

generis consueverant et incolere et mercari.

race had been accustomed both to dwell and to purchase.

Hue consul, gratis simul tentandi,

Hither the consal (went), for the sake at-the-same-time of trying (it),

et si opportunitates loci paterentur, imposuit

and if opportunities of the place might suffer (it), he placed

presidium : praeterea imperavit comportare

a garrison moreover he ordered (them) to bring

frumentum, et alia, quae forent usui bello:

corn, and other (things), which might be for use in war

ratus id, quod res monebat, frequentiam

having thought that, which the affair did advise, the assemblage

negotiatorum et commeatuum juvaturum

of merchants and of provisions [there] about-to-assist

exercitum, et jam fore

the army, [would aid his army], and now to be about-to-be

munimento rebus paratis.

for a defence [and would now be a defence] for the things prepared.

Inter h«c negotia, Jugurtha modd mittere

Among these affairs, Jugurtha now (began) to send

impensiits supplices legatos, orare pacem:

more-earnestly suppliant ambassadors, to entreat peace

dedere omnia Metello prater suam vitam

to surrender all (things) to Metellus except his life

17

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194 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

que liberorum. Quos consul dimittebat

and (that) of (his) children. Whom the consul did dismiss

item domum, uti priores, illectos ad

also home, [and] as the former, being allured {by him] to

proditionem neque abnuere neque polliceri

treachery (he appeared) neither to refuse' nor to promise

regi pacem quam postulabat, et, inter eas

to the king the peace which he did require, and, among those

moras, exspectare promissa legatorum.

delays, to await the promises of the ambassadors.

XJbi Jugurtha composuit dicta Metelli cum

When Jugurtha oompared the words of Metellus with (his)

factis, ac animadvertit se tentari suis artibus;

deeds, and perceived himself to be tried by his-own arts 5

quippe cui pax nunciabatur verbis, cseterum

forsooth to whom peace was announced in words, but

re asperrimum bellum erat, maxuma

in the thing (in reality) the roughest war was, [for] a very-great

urbs alienata, ager cognitus hostibus, animi

city [was] alienated, the land known to the enemies, the minds

popularium tentati coactus

(affections) of (his) country-men tried [tampered with] ; compelled

necessitudine rerum, statuit certare armis. Igitur,

by the necessity of things, he determined to contend by arms. Therefore,

itinere hostium explorato, adductus in spem

the route of the enemies being reconnoitred, being led into the hope

victoria ex opportunitate loci, parat copias

of victory from the convenience of the place, he prepares forces

omnium generum qu&m-maxumas potest, ac antevenit

of all kinds as-great-as he is-able, and outstrips

exercitum Metelli per occultos tramites. Flumen,

the army of Metellus by concealed by-paths. A river,

nomine Muthul, oriens h meridie, erat in e&

by name Muthul, rising from the south, was in that

parte Numidise, quam Atherbal possederat in

part ofNumidia, which Adherbal had possessed in

divisione; k quo mons aberat fermfc viginti

the division; from which a mountain was -distant nearly twenty

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 195

millia passuum, pari tractu,

thousands of paces, in an equal [parallel] direction [with the river],

vastus ab natura et humano cultu;

desert from nature and human cultivation ; [and uncultivated

sed collis oriebatur quasi ex medio eo,

by man] ; but a hill did arise as-if from the middle-of it,

pertinens in immensum, vestitus oleastro ac

reaching unto an immense (extent), clothed with wild-olive and

myrtetis, que aliis generibus arborum, quae

with myrtle-groves, and with other kinds of trees, which

gignuntur arido atque arenoso humi. Autem

are produced in a dry and sandy (soil) on-the-ground. But

media planities deserta, panuria aquas,

the middle plain (was) desert, [as there was] a scarcity of water,

praeter loca propinqua flumini: ea consita

except the places near to the river : those planted

arbustis frequentabantur pecore atque cultoribus.

with shrubs were frequented by cattle and by husbandmen.

Igitur Jugurtha, acie suorum extenuatS,

Therefore Jugurtha, the line of his (men) being lengthened,

consedit in eo colle, quern docuimus

encamped in that hill, which we have taught (shown) (to be)

porrectam transvorso itinere praefecit

extended in a transverse way (direction): he appointed

Bomilcarem elephantis et parti pedestrium copiarum

Bomilcar to the elephants and to part of the foot forces

que edocet eum quae ageret: ipse propior

and instructs him what (things) he should do : himself nearer

montem collocat suos cum omni equitatu et

the mountain places his (men) with all the cavalry and

delectis peditibus: dein circumiens singulas turmas

[chosen] foot then going-round each-of the companies

et manipulos, monet atque obtestatur, uti, memores

and divisions, he reminds and beseeches, that, mindful

pristinae virtutis et victories, defendant

of (their) ancient valour and victory, they may defend

sese que suum regnum ab avaritift Romanorum:

themselves and his kingdom from the avarice of the Romans^

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196 SALLUSTII JUaURTHA.

certamen fore cum his quos miserint (perf. sub.

the contest to be about- to-be with those whom they may have sent (they

victos anted, sub jugum: ducem, non animum,

sent) conquered before under the yoke : the general, not the mind,

mutatum-(esse) illis: omnia quae decuerint

to have been changed for them : all (things) which may have been-fit

(perf. sub.) ab imperatore, provisa-(esse) suis

[to provide] from a commander, to have been provided for his (men);

locum (esse) superiorem, consererent manum.

the place (ground) to be superior, they should join hand (battle),

uti prudentes cum imperitis, ne

as skilful (persons) with unskilful, [in the localities], not (as)

pauciores cum pluribus, aut rudes cum

the fewer with the mere- (numerous), or the ignorant with

melioribus bello: proinde essent parati

the better [skilled] in war wherefore they should be prepared

que intenti, signo dato, invadere Romanos: ilium

and ready, a signal being given, to attack the Romans : that

diem aut confirmaturum omnes labores et

day either (to be) about-to-establish all (their) labours and

victorias, aut fore initium maxumarum

victories, or to be about-to-be the beginning of the greatest

serumnarum. Ad hoc commonefacere

miseries. To this (besides) (he began) to remind

sui beneficii, et ostentare eum ipsum

(each) of his kindness, and to point-out that (person) himself

aliis, viritim, uti extulerat quemque pecuniS,

[to others,] individually, as he had exalted each by money

aut honor e ob militare facinus : postremo,

or by honour on-account-of a military exploit finally,

excitare alium alio modo, pollicendo pro

to rouse another in another manner, by promising according-tc

ingenio cujusque, minitando, obtestando: ctim

the disposition of every-one, by often-threatening, by beseeching : when
interim Metellus, ignarus hostium, degrediens
[in the mean-time] Metellus, ignorant of the enemies, coming-down

monte, conspicatur cum exercitu. Primd,

$om the mountain, espies (him) with (his) army. First,

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 197

dubius quidnam insolita facies ostenderet, (nam

doubtful what the unusual appearance might display, (for

equi que Numidse consederant inter virgulta,

the horses and the Numidians had encamped among the shrubs,

neque plan& occultati humilitate arborum, et

neither * quite concealed by the lowness of the trees, and

tamen incerti quidnam esset, ipsi atque

however uncertain what it might be, themselves and

militaria signa obscurati ciim natur& loci,

the military standards being concealed as-well by the nature of the place,

tim dolo), dein insidiis cognitis brevi,

as by stratagem), then the ambuscades being known shortly,

constituit agmen paulisper. Ibi ordinibus

he halted the troop (army) a-little. There the ranks

commutatis, instruxit aciem triplicibus

being changed, he arrayed (his) line with triple

subsidiis, in dextro latere, quod erat proximum

reserves, on the right side (flank), which was nearest

hostes: dispertit funditores et sagittarios

the enemies : he divides the slingers and archers

inter manipulos; locat omnem equitatum in

among the companies ; places all the cavalry in

cornibus; ac cohortatus milites pauca

the wings ; and having exhorted the soldiers a few (words)

pro tempore, deducit aciem in planum,

according-to the time* he leads-down the line into the level (ground)

principiis transvorsis sicuti

the van-guards (being led) across [the^ front being changed] so-as

instruxerat. Sed ubi animadvertit Numidas

he had arrayed (them). But when he perceived the Numidians

quietos, neque degredi colle, veritus ex

quiet, nor to come-down from the hill, having feared from

tempore anni et inopifi aquae, ne exercitus

the time of the year and the want of water, lest the army
conficeretur siti, prsemisit legatum Rutilium
might be spent with thirst, he sent-forward the lieutenant Rutilius

cum expeditis cohortibus et parte equitum, ad

with the light-armed cohorts and part of the cavalry, to

17*

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198 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

flumen, uti antecaperet locum castris,

the river, that he might take-previously a place for the camps,

existumans hostes remoraturos suum iter

thinking the enemies about-to-retard his march

crebro impetu, et transvorsis prseliis,

by frequent assault, and indirect battles, [and flan ft attacks,]

et quoniam diffiderent armis, tentaturos

and since they might distrust to arms, (to be) about-to-try

lassitudinem et sitim militum.

the fatigue and thirst of the soldiers. [And since he ( Jugurtha)

distrusted a battle, he was about to try the effects of fatigue and thirst xm

Dein ipse procedere paullatim,

our soldiers.] Afterwards himself (began) to advance gradually,

pro re atque loco, sicuti descenderat

according-to the affair and the place, just-as he had descended

monte habere Marium post principia

from the mountain : to have Marius behind the vanguards;

ipse esse cum equitibus sinistra alse, qui

himself [Metellus] to be with the cavalry of the left wing, who
facti-erant principes in agmine.
had been made chiefs (the van) on the troop (on the march).

At ubi Jugurtha videt extremum agmen Metelli

But when Jugurtha sees the last troop of Metellus

prsetergressum suos primos, occupat montem

having passed bis-own first, he occupies the mountain

prsesidio quasi dufim millium peditum, qu&

with a guard as-if (about) of two thousand infantry, where

Metellus descenderat: ne fort& adversariis

Metellus had descended : lest by-chance, the enemies

cedentibus foret receptui, ac p6st munimento:

retreating it might be for a refuge, and afterwards for a defence

dein, signo dato repent^, invadit hostes. Alii

then, a signal being given suddenly, he attacks the enemies. Other

Numidae caedere postremos: pars tentare

Numidians (began) to strike the last part to try (them)

h sinistra ac dextrS: infensi adesse, atque

from the left and right hostile to be-at-hand, and

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instare : conturbare ordines Romanorum omnibus

to press-on to disturb the ranks of the Romans in all

locis; quorum etiam qui fuerant obvii

places; of whom even (those) who had been opposite (opposed)

hostibus firmioribus animis, ludificati incerto

to the enemies with more-strong minds, baffled by the uncertain

prselio, ipsi modo sauciabantur eminus, neque

battle, themselves now were wounded at-a-distance, nor

erat copia contra" feriundi aut

was there plenty (the means) on-the-other-hand of striking (them) or

conserendi manum. Equites docti jam

of joining hand (battle). The cavalry being taught already

ant& ab JugurtM, recipiebant sese

before by Jugurtha, did betake themselves (did retreat)

non confertim, neque in unum, ubicunque turma

not closely, nor in one (body), whenever a company

Romanorum cceperat insequi, sed quam-maxume*

of the Romans had begun to pursue, but as-much -as-possible

divorsi, alius alio. Ita priores

apart, the other (one) from the other. Thus (being) superior

numero, si m
nequiverant deterrere hostes a
in number, if they had been-unable to deter the enemies from

persequendo, circumveniebant disjectos ab

pursuing, they did surround (them) scattered from

tergo aut lateribus : sin collis opportunior

the back [rear] or the sides: but-since the hill (was) more-convenient

fug® quam campi fuerant, ek ver6 equi

for flight than the plains had been, there truly the horses

Numidarum consueti evadere facile*

of the Numidians being accustomed (were able) to escape easily

inter virgulta; asperitas et insolentia loci

among the shrubs ; the roughness and unusualness of the place

retinebat nostros. Cseterum facies totius

did keep-back our (men). But the appearance of the whole

negotii varia, incerta, foeda, atque miserabilis;

business (was) variable, uncertain, foul, and wretched;

pars dispersi a* suis, cedere, alii insequi

part scattered from their-own, (began) to give- way, others to pursue;

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200 [Link] JUGURTHA.

observaro neque signa neque or dines : ubi

to regard neither standards nor ranks where

periculum ceperat quemque, resistere ac propulsare

danger had taken each, to resist and to 'repulse

ibi: arma, tela, equi, viri, hostes, cives

there: arms, weapons, horses, men, enemies, citizens [were]

permixti; nihil agi consilio neque imperio;

iutenningled; nothing to be acted by counsel nor by command;

fors regere omnia. Itaque multura diei

chance to govern all (things). Therefore much of the day

processerat, cum etiam turn eventus erat in incerto.

had advanced, when even then the issue was in a doubtful

Denique, omnibus languidis labore et

(state). Finally, all (being) faint by labour and

sestu, ubi Metellus videt Numidas instare minus,

by heat, when Metellus sees the Numidians to press-on less,

conducit milites paullatim in unum;

he leads-together the soldiers gradually into one (body)

restituit ordines, et collocat quatuor legionarias

he restores the ranks, and places four legionary

cohortes advorsum pedites hostium. Magna

cohorts against the foot-soldiers of the enemies. A great
pars eorum fessa consederat superioribus locis.
part of them wearied had sat-down on the higher places.

Simul orare, hortari milites,

At-the-same-time (he began) to beseech, to exhort the soldiers,

"Ne-deficerent, neu paterentur fugientes

" (That) they should not-fail, nor should suffer fleeing

hostes vincere: neque castra neque ullum

enemies to conquer (them) : neither camps nor any

munimentum esse illis, quo cedentes

fortification to be for them, whither yielding

tenderent: omnia sita in armis."

they might proceed-to all (things to be) placed in arms."

Sed nee quidem erat Jugurtha quietus interea;

But neither [indeed] was Jugurtha quiet mean-time;

circuire, hortari, renovare prselium, et

(he began) to go-about, to exhort, to renew the battle, and

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 201

ipse cum delectis tentare omnia; subvenire

himself with chosen (men) to- try ail (things); to relieve

suis; instare hostibus dubiis, retinere,

to his-own (men) ; to press-on to the enemies doubtful, to retain

quos cognoverat firmos, pugnando eminus.

(those) whom he had known firm, for fighting at-a-distance.

Duo imperatores, summi viri, certabant eo

The two commanders, very-great men, did contend in that

modo inter se: ipsi pares, ceterum

manner between themselves: themselves equal, but

disparibus opibus. Nam virtus militum erat

with unequal resources. For bravery of soldiers was

Metello, locus advorsus: omnia alia opportuna

to Metellus, the place adverse aU other (things) convenient

Jugurthae, praeter milites. Denique,

[favourable] to Jugurtha, except (his) soldiers. Finally,

ubi Romani intelligunt nequo perfugium esse

when the Romans understand neither a refuge to be

sibi, neque copiam pugnandi fieri ab

for themselves, nor plenty (means) of fighting to be made by

hoste, et jam erat vesper diei, evadunt

the enemy, and now it was the evening of the day, they depart

advorso colle, sicuti

on the opposite hill, [they charge up the hill,] as

praeceptum-fuerat. Loco amisso, Numidae

it had been instructed (them). The place being lost, the Numidians

fusi que fugati, pauci interfere : velocitas,

(were) routed and put-to-flight, a few perished: (their) swiftness,

et regio ignara hostibus tutata-sunt plerosque.

and a country unknown to the enemies protected moat.

Interea Bomilcar, quem diximus supra praefectum

Meantime Bomilcar, whom we have said above to have been set-over

elephantis et parti pedestrium copiarum ab

to the elephants and to part of the foot forces by

Jugurtha, deducit suos paullatim in aequum

Jugurtha, leads down his (men) gradually into the level

locum, ubi Rutilius praetergressus-est eum; ac

place, when Rutilius passed-by him; and

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202 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

quietus exornat aciem, uti res postulabat, dum*

tranquil arrays (his) line, as the affair did require, while

legatus pergit festinans ad flumen, quo

the lieutenant proceeds hastening to the river, whither

premissus-erat ; neque remittit explorare quid

he had been sent- before; nor does he relax to examine what

hostis ageret ubique. Postquam accepit

the enemy might do every-where. After-that he received (heard)

Rutilium consedisse jam, et vacuum

llutilius to have encamped already, and (to be) empty (free from

animo, que simul clamorem augeri

anxiety) in mind, and at*the-same-time the shout to be increased

ex prselio Jugurthse, veritus ne legatus, re

from the battle of Jugurtha, having feared lest the lieutenant, the affair

cognit&j foret auxilio suis laborantibus,

being known, might be for aid to bis-own [hard-pressed] (people),

porrigit aciem lati&s, quo obficeret

he stretches (his) line more-widely, [by which he might hinder

itineri hostium quam diffidens virtuti

the march of the enemy] which distrusting to the valour of (his)

militum, statuerat artfc ; que eo modo procedit

soldiers, he had arranged closely ; and in that manner he proceeds

ad castra Rutilii. Eomani animadvertunt

to the camps of Rutilius. The Romans perceive

magnam vim pulveris ex-improviso ; nam

a great force (quantity) of dust suddenly for

ager consitus arbustis prohibebat prospectum. Et

the land planted with shrubs did prevent the view. And
primo rati aridam humum agitari vento;
first having thought the dry ground to be disturbed by the wind

pdst, ubi vident manere sequabilem, et

afterwards, when they see (it) to remain equal, and
appropinquare magis que magis, sicuti acies
to approach more and more, as if the line [of the

movebatur, re cognitfi, properantes

army] was moved, the affair being known, hastening

capiunt arma, ac consistunt pro castris, sicuti

they take arms, and stand before the camps, as

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imperabatur. Deinde, ubi ventum-est propitis,

it was ordered. Afterwards, when it was come nearer,

concurritur utrimque magno clamore. Numidse

it is rushed on-both-sides with a great shout. The Numidians

remorati tantummodo dum putant auxilium

having delayed (stood) only whilst they think aid

in elephantis, postquara vident eos impeditos

in the elephants, after-that they see them hindered

ramis arborum, atque ita disjectos circumveniri,

by the branches of the trees, and thus scattered to be surrounded,

faciunt fugam: ac plerique, armis abjectis,

they make flight: and most, (their) arms being thrown-away,

abeunt integri auxilio collis, aut noctis,

depart whole (unhurt) by the aid of the hill, or of the night,

quae jam aderat. Quatuor elephanti capti,

which now was at-hand. Four elephants (were) taken,

omnes reliqui, quadraginta numero, interfecfi.

all the rest, forty in number, (were) killed.

At quanqu&m Romani erant fessi itinere, atque

But although the Romans were wearied by the journey, and

opere castrorum, et laeti que praelio, tamen

by the work of the camps, and glad also by the battle, however

quod Metellus morabatur ampli&s opinkme,

beoause Metellus did delay more (than) opinion,

procedunt obviam
[longer than they thought he ought,] they advance towards (him)

instructi que intenti: nam dolus , Numidarum

arrayed and prepared: for the deceit of the Numidians

patiebatur nihil languidi neque remissi.

did suffer nothing of faint nor of relaxed (conduct).

Ac primd, nocte obscurS, postquam erant

And first, the night (being) dark, after-that they were

haud procul inter Be, alteri

not far between themselves, [the Romans,] the others (began)

facere formidinem et tumultum simul apud

to make terror and tumult at-the-same-time among
alteros strepitu,
the others by the noise, [they each alarmed one another by the noiso

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204 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

velut hostes adventare: et

and tumult,] as-if the enemies (began) to come-up: and

miserabile facinus admissum (esset), psenfe

a wretched deed would have been committed, almost

imprudentifi, ni equites prasmissi utrimque

by ignorance, unless cavalry being sent-forward on-either-side

exploravissent rem. Igitur pro

might have (had) examined the affair. Therefore instead-of

metu, gaudium exortum (est) repent^ ; milites laeti

fear, joy arose suddenly ; the soldiers joyful

appellant alius alium, edocent acta,

. accost another (one) another, they inform [tell] (their) deeds,

atque audiunt: quisque fert sua fortia

and hear (others') : every-one carries (extols) his-own brave

facta ad coelum. Quippe humanae res habent

deeds to heaven. Forsooth human affairs have

sese ita: in victorift licet vel ignavis

themselves thus : in victory it is lawful or (even) to the cowardly

gloriari : advorsse res detrectant etiam

to boast adverse things detract (sink the courage of) even

bonos. Metellus moratus quatriduo (sing.) in

the good. Metellus having delayed four-days in

iisdem castris, reficit saucios cum cura: donat

the same camps, refreshes the wounded with care: he presents

meritos in prselio more

(rewards those) having deserved-well in the battle in the manner

militise; laudat universos in concione, atque agit

of warfare; he praises all in an assembly, and acts

gratias: hortatur, gerant parem

(returns) thanks : he exhorts (them), [that] they may bear an equal

animum ad csetera, quae sunt levia:

mind (spirit) to the rest, which are light (things)

pugnatum (esse) satis jam pro victoria, reliquos

to have been fought sufficiently now for victory, the rest

labores fore pro praed&. Taraen misit

(remaining) labours to be about- to-be for spoil. However he sent

interim transfugas et alios opportunos

mean-time deserters and others convenient (persons)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 205

exploratum ubi gentium Jugurtha,

to examine where of nations (where-in-the-world) Jugurtha

aut quid agitaret; ne esset cum

(might be), or what he might act ; whether he might be with

paucis, an haberet exercitum; ut, victus,

a few, or might have an army how, being conquered,

gereret sese. At ille receperat sese in

he might conduct himself. But he had betaken himself into

saltuosa loca, et munita natura ;

que ibi cogebat
woody places, and fortified by nature ; and there did collect

exercitum ampliorem numero hominum, sed hebetem

an army very- copious in number of men, but dull

que infirmum, cultorem agri ac pecoris magis

and weak, a cultivator of the land and cattle more

quam belli. Id eveniebat ea gratia, qudd

than of war. That did happen from that favour (account), because

nemo omnium Numidarum sequitur regem ex fug£

no-one of all the Numidians follows the king from flight

prseter regios equites: discedunt ed, qu6

except the royal cavalry they depart thither, whither

animus cujusque fert: neque id ducitur

the mind ofevery-one carries (him): neither that is led (deemed)

flagitium militiae: ita mores habent se. Igitur

a crime of warfare : thus manners have themselves. Therefore

ubi Metellus videt animum regis etiam turn esse

when Metellus sees the mind of the king even then to be

ferocem; bellum renovari, quod posset non

fierce j
the war to be renewed, which might be-able not

geri nisi ex lubidine illius, praeterea

to be carried-on unless from the pleasure of him, [Jugurtha,] besides

iniquum cer%tamen sibi cum hostibus,

a disadvantageous contest for himself [Metellus] with the enemies,

illos vinci minore detrimento quam suos

them to be conquered with less loss than bis-own (soldiers)

vincere,
to conquer, [that he (Metellus) would suffer a greater loss when victor,

statuit bellum
than tho enemy would when vanquished,] he resolved the war

18

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206 SALLUSTII JUQURTHA.

gerundam non praeliis, neque acie, sed

to be c&rried-on not by skirmishes, nor in -open-battle, bat

alio more. Itaque pergit in opulentissima

in another manner. Therefore he proceeds into the most-wealthy

loca Numidiae; vastat agros; capit multa castella

places of Numidia; ravages the lands; takes many castles

et oppida, munita temerfe, aut sine praesidio,

and towns, fortified rashly (in a harry), or without garrison,

que incendit, jubet puberes interfici; omnia

and barns (them), orders the adults to be killed j
all

alia esse praedam militum. Ea formidine

other (things) to be the booty of the soldiers. From that terror

multi mortales dediti obsides Eomanis:

many mortals (were) surrendered (as) hostages to the Romans:
frumentum, et alia quae forent usui,
corn, and other (things) which might be for use, (were)

praebita affatim : praesidium impositum ubicunque

afforded abundantly : a garrison (was) placed wherever

res postulabat. Quae negotia terrebant

the thing did require [one]. Which transactions did affright

regem multo magis qu&m praelium malfc pugnatum

the king by much more . than the battle iU fought

ab suis. Quippe, omnis spes cujus erat

by his-own (men). Forsooth (he), all the hope of whom was

sita in fug&, cogebatur sequi; et qui

placed in flight, was compelled to follow ; and (he) who
nequiverat defendere sua loca
had been-unable to defend his-own [advantageous] places (was forced)

genere bellum in alienis.

to carry-on war in others' (places). [In places chosen by another.]
Tamen capit consilium quod videbatur optumum
However he takes the counsel which did seem best

ex inopi&: jubet plerumque exercitum opperiri

from necessity : he orders most-of the army to await (him)

in eisdem locis; ipse sequitur Metellum cum

in the same places; himself follows Metellus with

delectis equitibus : ignoratus

chosen cavalry : unknown [unobserved by the Romans] by (his)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 207

nocturni8 et aviis itineribus, aggreditur repentS

nightly and pathless routes, he attacks suddenly

Romanov palantes. Plerique eorum inermes

the Romans straggling. Most of them (being) unarmed
cadunt, multi capiuntur : nemo omnium profugit
fall, many are taken no-one of all escaped

intactus; et Numidae discedunt in proxumos

untouched; and the Numidians depart into the nearest

colles, sicuti jussi-erant^ prius qu&m

hills, so-as they had been ordered, before than it (they)

subveniretur ex
castris. Interim rebus Metelli
might be assisted from the camps. Mean-time the affairs of Metellus

cognitis, ingens gaudium ortum (est) Romae : ut

being known, great joy arose at Rome : how
gereret que se et exercitum more
he might (did) conduct both himself and the army in the manner
majorum; in advorso loco, tamen,
of (our) ancestors; (though) in an adverse place, however,

fuisset (plup. sub.) victor virtute

he might have (had) been a conqueror by (his) valour; might (did)

potiretur agro hostium; coegisset

possess with the land of the enemies ; might have (had) compelled
Jugurtham, magnificum ex socordifi, Auli, habere
Jugurtha, splendid from the laziness of Aulus, to have
spem salutis in solitudine aut fugS. Itaque
hope of safety in solitude or in flight Therefore
senatus decernere supplicia immortalibus
the senate (determined) to decree thanksgivings to the immortal
Dii8 ob ea feliciter acta: civitas,
Gods on-account-of those (things) fortunately transacted : the state,

trepida antest, et sollicita de eventu belli,

fearful before, and anxious about the issue of the war, (began)

agere laeta': fama esse praeclara de Metello.

to act joyful report to be illustrious about
:
Metellus.
Igitur intentior eo, niti ad
Therefore more prepared on that (account), (he began) to strive to (for)

victoriam: festinare omnibus modis; tamen cavere,

victory: to hasten in all manners; however to beware,

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208 SALLUSTII JUGURTBA.

necubi fieret opportunus hosti;

lest-any-where he might become convenient to the enemy ; (.give an

meminisse
advantageous opportunity to the enemy;] to have remembered (to re-

in vidiam sequi post gloriam. Ita quo

member) envy to follow after glory. Thus by what

erat clarior, eo (erat)

(by how much) he was more-illustrious, by that (by so much) (he was)

magis anxius: neque praedari effuso

more anxious: nor (did he permit) to plunder with a scattered

exercitu post insidias Jugurthae. Ubi erat opus

army after the snares of Jugurtha. When there was need

frumento aut pabulo, cohortes agitabant

with (of) corn or with forage, the cohorts did carry-on

presidium cum omni equitatu: ipse ducebat partem

guard with all the cavalry : himself did lead part

exercitfis, Marius reliquos. Sed ager vastabatur

of the army, Marius the rest. But the land was ravaged

magis igni, quam praedS. Faciebant castra duobus

more by fire, than by plunder. They did make camps in two

locis haud long£ inter se. Ubi erat opus

places not far between themselves. When there was need

vi, cuncti aderant: ceterum agebant

with (of) force, aU were at-hand but they did act

divorsi, qu6 fuga atque formido crescerent

apart, in-order-that the flight and terror might increase

latius. E6 tempore Jugurtha sequi

more-widely. In that time Jugurtha (began) to follow

per colles; quaerere tempus aut locum

through (over) the hills to seek a time or place

pugnae ; corrumpere pabulum et fontes aquarum,

of battle to spoil the forage and fountains of waters,

quorum erat penuria, qu& audierat hostem

of which there was a scarcity, where he had heard the enemy

venturum ; ostendere se modo Metello interdum

about- to-come; to show himself one-time to Metellus, sometimes

Mario; tentare postremos in agmine,

to Marius; to try <attack) the last on the troop (march),

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SALLUSTII JTJGURTHA. 209

ac regredi statim in colles

[to attack the rear,] and to return immediately unto the hills;

rursus minitari aliis, pdst aliis ; neque facere

again to threaten to others, afterwards to others ; neither make
prselium, neque pati otium; tantummodd
battle, nor to suffer quietness only

retinere ' hostem ab incepta. Ubi

to keep-back the enemy from (his) undertakings. When
Rom anus imperator videt se fatigari dolis,
the Roman commander sees himself to be harassed by stratagems,

neque copiam pugnandi fieri ab hoste,

nor opportunity of fightiug to be made by the enemy,

statuit oppugnare magnam urbem, nomine Zamam,

he resolved to assault a great city, by name Zauia,

et arcem regni in e£ parte qu& erat sita;

and the citadel of the kingdom in that part in which it was situate;

ratus id, quod negotium poscebat,

having considered that, which the business did require, [that]

Jugurtham venturum auxilio suis

Jugurtha about-to-come [would come] for aid to his-own

laborantibus, que prselium fore ibi.

labouring (hard pressed), and a battle to be about-to-be there.

At ille, edoctus a perfugis quae

[Would be there.] But he, instructed by deserters what (things)

parabantur, antevenit Metellum magnis itineribus;

were prepared, outstrips Metellus by great marches

hortatur oppidanos defendant moenia, perfugis

exhorts the townsmen (that) they may defend the walls, deserters

additis auxilio, quod genus erat firmissumum

being added .for aid, which kind (of men) was the most-firm

ex copiis regis, quia nequibat fallere.

out-of the forces of the king, because* it was-unable to deceive (him).

Praeterea pollicetur semet adfore in tempore

Besides he promises himself to be about to-be-present in time

cum exercitu. Ita rebus compositis, discedit in

with the army. Thus affairs being arranged, he departs into

loca qu^m-maxumS occulta ; ac paullo post, Marium

places as- much-as-possible hidden; and a little after, Marius
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210 SALLUSTII JUGUflTIIA.

mi8sum Siccam ex itinere, frumentatum cum

being sent (to) Sicca out-of the march, to provide-corn with

paucis cohortibus; quod oppidum primum omnium

a few cohorts ; which town first of all

post malam pugnam defeccrat ab rege.

ufter the bad (unsuccessful) battle had revolted from the king.

Eo pergit noctu cum delectis equitibus, et

Thither he proceeds by night with chosen cavalry, and

Romanis jam egredientibus, facit pugnam in

the Romans already going-out, he makes battle in

porta: simul hortatur Siccenses magnS

the gate : at-the-same-time he exhorts the Siccenses with a great

voce, "Uti circumveniant cohortes ab tergo;

voice, "That may surround
they the cohorts from the rear;

fortunam dare illis casum prseclari facinoris, si

fortune to give to them a chance of a noble exploit, if

fecerint id; postea sese acturum

they shall have done that; afterwards himself (to be) about- to-spend

setatem in regno, illos in libertate sine

(bis) age in the kingdom, them in liberty without

metu." Ac ni Marius properavisset

fear/' And unless Marius might have (had) hastened

inferre signa, atque evadere oppido,

to bear-forward the standards, and to escape from the town,

profectd cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium

certainly all or a great part of the Siccenses

mutavissent fidem ; Numidse agunt sese

would have changed fidelity ; the Numidians act (conduct) themselves

tantS mobilitate. Sed Jugurthini milites

with so-great fickleness. But the Jugurthiue soldiers

sustentati paullisper ab rege, postquam liostes

being supported a-little-while by the king, aftec-that the enemies

urgent majore vi, paucis amissis, profugi

press (them) with greater force, a few being lost, escaping

discedunt. Marius pervenit ad Zamam. Id oppidum

depart. Marius arrived to Zauaa. That town

situm in campo, munitum-erat magis opere

situate in a plain, had been fortified more by work (artj

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 211

qttam natura, egens nullius idonese rei, opulent um

than by nature, wanting of no suitable thing, plentiful

armis que viris. Igitur Metellus, rebus paratis

in arms and in men. Therefore Metellus, things being prepared

pro tempore atque loco, circumvenit cuncta

according- to time and place, surrounds all

mcenia exercitu; imperat legatis, ubi quisque

the walls with the army; commands to the lieutenants, where everyone

curaret: deinde, signo -dato, ingens

should take-care (command) : afterwards, a signal being given, a great

clamor simul oritur undique. Neque

shout at-the-same-time arises from-every-side. Nor [does]

ea res terret Numidas; manent infensi que

that thing dismay the Numidians ; they remain hostile and

intenti sine tumultu: praelium incipitur. Eomani

prepared without confusion : the battle is begun. The Romans

pugnare, quisque pro ingenio, pars

(began) to fight, every-one according-to (his) ability, part

eminus glande aut lapidibus;

from-a-distance with acorn (pellet) or with stones; [by throwing

alii evadere, alii succedere

leaden balls and stones ;] others to retire, others to succeed (thera)

ac modo suffodere murum, modo aggredi

and one-time to undermine the wall, one-time to attack (it)

scalis ; cupere facere praelium in manibus.

with ladders ; to desire to make battle in hands (hand to

Oppidani contra ea volvere saxa

hand). The townsmen against those (things) (began) to roll stones

in proxumos, mittere sudes, pila, praeterea

on the nearest, to send (throw) stakes, darts, besides

taedum mistam pice et sulphure, ardentia. Sed

torch-wood mingled with pitch and sulphur, burning. But

timor aninii tie quidem muniverat satis illos, qui

fear of mind not even hud fortified sufficiently those, who
manserant procul. Nam jacula emissa tormentis
had remained at-a-distance. For javelins sent from engines

aut manu vulnerabant plerosque, que boni

or the hand did wound most, and the good (brave)

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212 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

atque ignavi erant pari periculo, sed imparl

and the inactive were in equnl danger, but with unequal

fama. Dum certatur sic apud Zamam, Jugurtha

fame. Whilst it is contended thus at Zama, Jugurtha

ex-improviso invadit castra hostium cum magnS

suddenly attacks the camps of the enemies with a great

manu, qui erant in praesidio remissis et

bund, (those) who were on guard (being) negligent and
expectantibus omnia magis qu&m praelium,
expecting all (things) more than a battle,

irrumpit portam. At nostri perculsi repentino

he bursts the gate. But our (men) struck with sudden

metu, consulunt quisque sibi pro

fear, consult every-one for himself according-to (his)

moribus : alii fugere ; alii capere arma

habits others (began) to flee ; others to take arms

magna pars vulnerati, aut occisi. Ceterum

a great part (were) wounded, or slain. But
ex omni multitudine non amplius quadraginta,
out-of all the multitude not more (than) forty,

raemores Romani nominis, grege facto,

mindful of the Roman name, a flock (body) being formed,

cepere locum paullo editiorem qu&m alii;

took a place (station) a little more-elevated than the others;

neque quiverunt depelli inde maxumS vi;

nor were they-able to be beaten-oflf thence by the greatest force;

sed pauci remittere tela missa eminus,

but the few (began) to throw-back the darts sent from-a-distance,

frustrati miniis in pluribus:

being disappointed less in the more (numerous) : [their missiles

sin
were more effective against the more numerous assailants:] but-if

Numidae accessissent propiiis, ibi vero

the Numidians might have approached nearer, there truly

ostendere virtutem, et caedere, fundere,

(they began) to show (their) valour, and to cut, to rout,

atque fugare eos maxum& vi. Interim cum

and to put-to-flight them with the greatest force. Mean-time when

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 213

Metellus gereret rem acerrum&, accepit

Metellus might (did) carry-on the affair most-vigorously, he heard

hostilem clamorem et tumultum zi tergo : deinde

a hostile shout and tumult from the rear: then (his)

equo convorso, animadvertit fugam fieri advorsum

horse being turned, he perceived a flight to be made toward

se quae res indicabat esse populares.

himself, which thing did show (them) to be countrymen. [His

Igitur misit omnem equitatum proper^ ad

own men.] Therefore he sent all the cavalry speedily to

castra, ac C. Marium statim cum cohortibus

the camps, and Caius Marius immediately with cohorts

sociorum, que lacrymans obsecrat eum "Per

of the allies, and weeping beseeches him "By (their)

amicitiam, que per rempublicam, ne-sinat

friendship, and by the commonwealth, (that) he may not permit

quam contumeliam remanere in victore exercitu,

any disgrace to remain in (their) victorious army,

neve hostes abire inultos." Ille efficit

nor the enemies to depart unrevenged." He executes (his)

mandata brevi. At Jugurtha impeditus munimento

commands shortly. But Jugurtha prevented by the fortification

castrorum, ciim alii prsecipitarentur super

of the camps, when others (some) might be thrown-headlong upon

vallum, alii properantes in angustiis,

the rampart, others hastening in the narrow-passes [of the gates],

ipsi officerent sibi,

themselves might (did) obstruct to themselves, [obstructed one another],

multis amissis, recipit sese in munita loca.

many being lost, betakes himself into fortified places.

Postquam nox aderat, Metellus, negotio

After-that night was-at-hand, Metellus, the business

infecto, revortitur in castra cum exercitu.

being undone, returns into the camps with the army.

Igitur postero die, pri&s qu&m

Therefore in the following day, before that he might (did)

egrederetur ad-oppugnandum, jubet omnem

go-out to-assault, he orders all

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214 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

equitatum agitare pro castris in e& parte,

the cavalry to be-aotive before the camps in that part,

adventus regis erat: dispertit

where the approach of the king was : he divides [he assigns]

portas, et proxuma loca tribunis: deinde ipse

the gates, and the nearest places to the tribunes : then himself

pergit ad oppidum, atque aggreditur murum, uti

proceeds to the town, and attacks the wall, as

superiore die. Interim Jugurtha ex-occulto invadit

on the former day. Meantime Jugurtha secretly attacks

nostros repent^. Qui locati-fuerant in

our (men) suddenly. (Those) who had been placed in

proxumo territi paullisper

the nearest (place) [to the enemy] affrighted a-little

perturbantur : reliqui cito subveniunt. Neque

are confused the rest quickly come-up. Nor
Numidae quivissent' resistere diutius, ni
the Numidians might have been-able to withstand longer, unless

pedites permixti cum equitibus facerent

[their] infantry mingled with the cavalry might (did) make
magnam cladem; quibus illi freti, non
a great slaughter; to (on) which they relying, (began), not

uti solet equestri praelio, sequi, dein cedere,

as is-usual in a cavalry fight, to follow, then to give-way,

sed concurrere advorsis equis, implicare, ac

but to rush-together with adverse horses, to involve, and
perturbare aciem: ita, suis peditibus expeditis,
to confuse the line : thus, their infantry being disentangled,

dare hostes pene victos.

to give (to effect), the enemies nearly vanquished. [Thus the Romans

nearly vanquished were given to the infantry, disentangled from the

Certabatur magn& vi eodem

cavalry.] It was contended with great violence in the same
tempore apud Zamam. Ubi quisque legatus aut
time at Zama. Where every lieutenant or

tribunus curabat, e6 niti acerrumfe,

tribune did command, there (he proceeded) to strive most-vigorously,

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 215

neque alius habere spem magis in alio quam in

nor another to have hope more in another than in

sese: que oppidani pariter agere, oppugnare,

himself: and the townsmen equally (began) to act, to assault,

aut parare omnibus locis; alteri sauciare alteros

or to prepare in all places ; the others to wound the others

avidius qu&m tegere semet; clamor

more-eagerly than to protect themselves; the shout (was)

permixtus hortatione, laetitiS, gemitu: item

mingled with encouragement, with gladness, with groaning: also

strepitus armorum ferri ad coelum: tela

the rattling of arms to be carried to heaven (the sky) : darts

volare utrimque. Sed illi qui defensabant moenia,

to fly on-either-side. But they who did defend the walls,

intenti prospectabant equestre praelium, ubi

fixed did view -at-a-dis tan ce the cavalry fight, when
hostes modd remiserant pugnam paullulum.
the enemies only had relaxed the battle a little.

Animadverteres eos modd laetos, mod 6 pavidos,

Thou mayest perceive them one-time glad, one-time fearful,

uti quaeque res erant Jugurthae,

as every affairs were to Jugurtha, [according as the contest

ac sicuti possent audiri aut

was with Jugurtha,} and as they might be-able to be heard or

cerni h suis, alii monere, alii

to be perceived by their-own, others (began) to advise, others

hortari, aut significare manu, aut niti

to encourage, or to beckon with the hand, or to strain with (their)

corporibus; agitare hue et illuc, quasi

bodies; to drive hither and thither, as-if

vitabundi aut jacientes tela. Quod ubi

about-escaping or hurling darts. Which when

cognitum-est Mario, nam is curabat in

It was known to Marias, for he did take-care (command) in

e& parte, agere leniis consulto, ac simulare

that part, (he began) to act more-gen tly by design, and to pretend

diffidentiam rei: pati Numidas

a distrust of the affair : to allow the Numidians [in the town]

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216 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

visere praelium regis sine tumultu.

to go-to-see [to look at] the battle of the king without confusion.

Ita illis adstrictis studio suorum,

Thus they being tied-down (engaged) with zeal of their-own (people),

[while tbey were thus intent, and taken up with their own people,]

aggreditur murum repent^ magn& vi; et jam

he attacks the wall suddenly with great force ; and now
milites aggressi scalis ceperant jam propfe
the soldiers having attempted with ladders had taken now nearly

summa, cum oppidani concurrunt, ingerunt

the highest (parts), when the townsmen rush-together, throw

lapides, ignem, praeterea alia tela. Nostri

stones, fire, besides other weapons. Our (men)

primo resistere; deinde ubi unae atque alterae

first (began) to oppose; then when one and other

scalae comminutae (sunt), qui supersteterant

ladders were broken-in-pieces, (those) who had stood-on (them)

afflicti-sunt; caeteri abeunt quisque quo modo

were dashed-down; the rest depart every-one in what manner

potuere, pauci integri, magna pars confecti

tbey were-able, few whole (unhurt), a great part spent

vulneribus. Deinde nox diremit praelium utrimque.

with wounds. Then night dissolved the battle on-either-side.

Postquam Metellus videt inceptum frustra,

After- that Metellus sees (the thing) undertaken in-vain,

neque oppidum capi, neque Jugurtham facere

nor the town to be taken, nor Jugurtha to make

pugnam nisi ex insidiis, aut suo loco;

battle unless out-of ambushes, or in his-own (chosen) place;

et jam aestatem esse exactam, discedit ab Zam£;

and now the summer to be spent, he departs from Zama;
et imponit praesidia in iis urbibus, quae defecerant
and places garrisons in those cities, which had revolted

ab se, que munitae-erant satis loco aut

from himself, and had been fortified sufficiently by the place or

mcenibus. Collocat caeterum exercitum in provinciam

by walls. He places the rest-of the army into the province

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SALLUSTn JUGURTHA. 217

quae est proxuma Numidiee, gratis

which [is] next to Numidia, by favour (for the sake)

hiemandi. Neque concedit id tempus quieti aut

of wintering. Nor does he grant that time to rest or

luxuriae ex more aliorum; sed quoniam

luxury aocording-to the custom of others ; but since

bellum procedebat parum armis, parat tendere

the war did succeed little by arms, he prepares to stretch

insidias regi per amicos, et uti

snares for the king by (his) friends, [the king's,] and to use

perfidifi eorum pro armis. Igitur aggreditur

the treachery of them instead-of arms. Therefore he attacks

multis pollicitationibus Bomilcarem, qui fuerat

withmany promises Bomilcar, who had been
Romse cum Jugurthft, et fugerat judicium inde,
at Rome with Jugurtha, and had escaped trial thence,

vadibus datis, clam de morte Massivae

sureties being given, secretly concerning the death of Massiva

quod erat maxuma copia fallendi per

because there was the greatest opportunity of deceiving through

maxumam amicitiam: ac efficit prim6, uti

the greatest friendship : and he accomplishes first, that

veniat occultus ad se gratis colloquendi;

he may come concealed to himself for the sake of conferring ;

deinde fide datfi, si tradidisset

then (his) faith (solemn promise) being given, if he might have delivered

Jugurtham vivum aut necatum sibi, fore,

Jugurtha alive or killed to himself, to be about-to-be,

ut senatus concederet impunitatem et omnia sua

that the senate would grant forgiveness and all his

illi; persuadet facilfc Numidae, cum

(possessions) to him j he persuades easily to the Numidian, as-well

infido ingenio,
with faithless disposition, [as well on account of his faithless disposition,]

turn metuenti ne, si pax fieret Romanis,cum

then (as) fearing lest, if peace might be made with the Roman 9,

ipse traderetur ad supplicium per conditiones.

himself might be deUvered to punishment by the conditions.

19

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218 SALLITSTII JUGURTHA.

Ubi primiim fuit opportunum, is accedit Jugurtham

When first itwas convenient, he approache* Jugurtha

anxium, ac miserantem suas fortunas, monet,

solicitons, and lamenting his-own fortunes, he advises,

atque lacrumans obtestatur utl provideat

and weeping beseeches (him), that he may provide

aliquando sibi que liberis, et genti

gome-time for himself and children, and for the nation

Numidarum merenti optumd; sese

of the Numidians deserving very- well (of him); themselves

victos(esse) omnibus praeliis, agrum vastatum,

to have been conquered in all the battles, the land ravaged,

multos mortale8 captos, occisos ; opes regni

many persons taken, [or] slain; the resources of the kingdom

comminutas-esse ;
jam et virtutem militum
to have been broken ; already both the valour of (his) soldiers

et fortunam tentatam (esse) saepfc satis

and fortune to have been tried often enough : he may (should)

caveat, ne, illo cunctante, NumidaB consulant

beware, lest, [he hesitating], the Numidians may consult
sibi. Impellit animum regis his atque
for themselves. He impels the mind of the king by these and

talibus aliis ad deditionem. Legati

by such other (reasonings) to a surrender. Ambassadors

mittuntur ad imperatorem, qui dicerent Jugurtham

are sent to the general, who should say Jugurtha

facturum imperata, ac tradere sese que

about-to-do (the things) ordered, and to deliver himself and

suum regnum in fidem illius sine ulla pactione.

his kingdom unto the faith of him without any covenant.

Metellus proper^ jubet cunctofc senatorii ordinis

Metellus hastily orders all of senatorial rank

accersiri ex hibernis; habet concilium

to be sent-for out-of winter-quarters ; he holds a council

eorum, atque aliorum quos ducebat idoneos.

of those, and of others whom he did lead (think) proper.

Ita imperat Jugurthae more majorum

Thus he orders to Jagttrtha in the manner of (our) ancestors

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 219

ex decreto concilii, per legatos,

aoeording-to the decree of the council, by the ambassadors, (to furnish)

ducenta millia pondo argenti, omnes

two hundred thousands pounds-weight of silver, all (his)

elephantos, aliquantum equorum et armorum. Quae

elephants, some-what of horses and of arms. Which
postquam facta-sunt sine mor&, jubet
(things) after-that they were done without delay, he orders

omnes perfugas adduci vinctos. Magna pars

all the deserters to be brought-up bound. A great part

eorum adducti (sunt) uti jussum-erat ; pauci

of them were brought-up as it had been ordered ; a few

abierant in Mauritaniam ad regem Bocchum,

had gone-away into Mauritania to king Bocchus.

cum deditio primum ccepit. Igitur Ju'gurtha, ubi

when the surrender first began. Therefore Jugurtha, when

spoliatus-est armis, que viris, et pecunia, cihn

he was stripped-of arms, and men, and money, when
ipse vocaretur ad Tisidium imperandum,
himself might be (was) called to Tisidium to-be-commande^,

rursus coepit flectere suum animum, et timere

again began to bend (change) his mind, and to fear

digna ex mal& conscientifi.. Denique,

worthy (deserved things) from an evil consciousness. Finally,

multis diebus consumptis per dubitationem, cum

many days being spent through (in) doubt, when
mod6 duceret omnia potiora
one time he might (did) deem all (things) better (than)

bello, taedio advorsarum rerum; interdum ipse

war, from weariness of adverse things ; sometimes he

reputaret, quam gravis casus ex regno

might (did) revolve, how heavy the fall from a kingdom

in servitutem foret; multis que magnis

into slavery might be (was); many and great

prsesidiis perditis nequidquam,

protections being lost [by what he had surrendered] in-vain,

sumit bellum de-integro. Senatus, Rom»,

be takes (begins) war anew. [The senate, at Rome,

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220 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

consultus de provinciis, decreverat Numidiam

having consulted about the provinces, had decreed Numidia

Metello. Per idem tempus haruspex

to Metellus.] Through (about) the same time a soothsayer

dixerat magna atque mirabilia portendi C.

had said great and wonderful (things) to be foreboded to Caius

Mario fortd supplicanti diis per hostias;

Marina by chance praying to (he gods by victims ;
[sacrificing

proinde fretus diis, ageret quae

to the gods;] wherefore relying on the gods, he might act what

agitabat animo; experiretur fortunam

he aid revolve in mind; he might try fortune

qudm-saepissumfc ; cuncta eventura

as-often-as-possiblo j all (things to be) about-to-happen

prosper^. At ingens cupido consulatfis exagitabat

prosperously. But a great desire of the consulship did harass

ilium jam an tea; ad quern capiundum

(excite) him already before; to which to-be-taken (to obtain

omnia alia erant abundfc, praetor

which) aU other (qualities) were abundantly, except

vetustatem familiae; industria, probitas, magna

the antiquity of (his) family industry, honesty, a great

scientia militiae, ingens animus belli,

knowledge of warfare, a great mind (spirit) of (in) war,

modicus domi, victor lubidinis, et divitiarum,

moderate of (at) home, a conqueror of passion, and of riches,

tantummodd a vidua glorias. Sed is natus (est) et

only greedy of glory. But he was born and

altus omnem pueritiam Arpini, ubi

reared (during) all (bis) boyhood of (at) Arpinum, when
primiim aetas fuit patiens militiae, exercuit sese
first (his) age was enduring of warfare, he exercised himself

stipendiis, faciundis, non Graecfi, facundifi,

in pays (military services) to-be-made, not in Greek eloquence,

neque urbanis munditiis; ita integrum ingenium

nor in polite refinements ; thus (his) sound ability

adolevit brevl inter bonas artes. Ergo ubi

grew-up shortly among good arts (pursuits). Therefore when

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 221

primum petit militarem tribunatum h populo,

first he seeks a military tribuneship from the people,

plerisque ignorantibus faciem ejus, notus

most (of them) not-knowing the face of him, being known

facilfe, declaratur
easily, [but being known by name, as a brave soldier,] he is declared

per omnes tribus. Deinde peperit alium,

by all the tribes. Afterwards he begot (procured) another

post alium sibi ab eo magistrate;

(one magistracy), after another for himself from that magistracy

que agitabat eo modo semper in potestatibus,

and he did manage in that manner always in (his) commands,

ut haberetur dignus ampliore

that he might bo (was) held worthy with more-ample (higher

quam gerebat. Tamen is

authority) than he did carry-on [possessed]. However he (though)

talis vir ad id locorum audebat non

such a man to that of places (up to that time) did dare not

adpetere consulatum, (nam postea datus-est

to solicit the consulship, (for afterwards he was given

prreceps ambitione). Etiam turn

(precipitated) headlong by ambition). Even then

plebes alios magistratus; nobilitas

the common-people (did bestow) other magistracies ; the nobility

tradebat consulatum per manus inter se.

did deliver the consulship through (their) hands among themselves.

Nemo novus erat tarn clarus, neque tarn

No-one new (man) was so illustrious, nor so

egregiis factis, quin k haberetur

with excellent deeds, but-that he might be (was) held

indignus illo honore, et quasi pollutus.

unworthy with that honour, and as-if defiled. [And as if he

Igitur, ubi Marius videt dicta

would defile it] Therefore, when Marius sees the sayings

haruspicis intendere eodem, qu5 cupido

of the soothsayer to tend to the same (point), whither the desire

animi hortabatur, rogat missionem ab

of (his) mind did encourage, he asks (his) discbarge from
19*

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222 SALLUSTH JUGURTHA.

Metello gratift petundi; cui

Metellus by favour (for the sake) of seeking (it) ; to whom
quamquam virtus, gloria, atque alia optanda
although valour, glory, and other (things) to-be- wished

bonis superabant, tamen contemptor

by good (men) did abound, however a despiser (scornful)

animus, et superbia, commune malum nobilitatis,

mind, and pride, the common evil of the nobility,

inerat. Itaque commotus primum

was-in (him). Therefore being moved (surprised) first

insolitfi re, mirari consilium ejus; et

by the unusual thing, (he began) to wonder-at the design of him ; and

monere quasi per amicitiam " ne-inciperet

to advise (him) as-if through friendship (that) " he should not- begin

tarn prava, neu gereret animum

(things) so corrupt, [so erroneous,] nor should carry- a spirit

super fortunam: omnia non esse cupienda

above (his) fortune all (things) not to be to-be-desired

omnibus; suas res debere placere

to (by) all his-own things to owe (ought) to please

satis illi
sufficiently to him : [that he ought to bo satisfied with his station :]

postremo, caveret petere id k Romano populo,

lastly, he should beware to seek that from the Roman people,

quod negaretur jure illi." Postquam dixit haec,

which might be denied by right to him." After-that he said these,

atque talia alia, neque animus Marii flectitur,

and such other (advices), neither the mind of Marius is bent,

respondit, sese facturum quae peteret, ubi

he answers, himself about-to-do what he might (did) ask, when
primilm potuisset per publica negotia.
first he might have been-able by the publie affairs. [As soon

Ac fertur dixisse
as public affairs would permit] And he is reported to have said
x
postea ssepius postulanti eadem.
afterwards (to him) oftener requesting the same (things),

" Ne-festinaret abire, ilium petiturum

«* He should not-hasten to depart, him about- to-ieek [that he would

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 223

consulatum maturfc satis cum suo Alio."

seek] the consulship early enough with his-own son."

Is militabat eo tempore contubernio

He (the son) did serve in that time in the fellowship of (his)

patris ibidem, natus circiter viginti annos; quae

father there, born about twenty years; which

res accenderat Marium vehementer, cum pro

thing had inflamed Marius violently, as-well for

honore, quern affectabat, turn contra Metellum.

the honour, which he did aim-at, then (as) against Metellus.

Ita grassari, cupidine atque ir&, pessumis

Thus (he began) to proceed, by desire and by anger, the worst

consultoribus : neque abstinere ullo facto, neque

advisers nor to refrain from any deed, nor

dicto, quod foret modo ambitiosum,

saying, which might be only ambitious, [by which he might.

habere milites, quibus praeerat in

gain popularity,] to have the soldiers, to whom he w as-over in

hibernis, laxiore imperio quam anted,:

the winter- quarters, in more-remiss command than before

loqui criminosS, et simul magnified, de

to speak censuringly, and at-tbe-same-time boa&tingly, about

bello, apud negotiatores, quorum erat magna

the war, among the merchants, of whom there was a great

multitudo Uticae: "Dimidia pars exercitfls

multitude of (at) Utica: "If the half part of the army might be

permitteretur sibi, habiturum Jugurtham

(were) granted to himself, (to be) about-to-have Jugurtha

in catenis paucis diebus: trahi consulto ab

in chains in a few days : to be protracted designedly by

imperatore, quod inanis homo, et regiae

the commander, because the empty (vain) man, and of royal

superbiae, gauderet nimis imperio." Omnia

pride, might (did) rejoice too-much in command." All

quae videbantur illis firmiora ed, qu6d

which (sayings) did seem to them more-sure therefore, because

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224 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

eorruperant familiares res •

they had injured (their) family affairs (their property)

diuturnitate belli.
by the length of the war.

Praeterea, quidam Numida, nomine Gaud a, filius

Beside*, a certain Numidian, by name Gauda, a son

Manastabalis, nepos Masinissee, erat in nostro

[Link], grandson of Masinissa, was in our

exercitu; quern Micipsa scripserat secundum

army j whom Micipsa had written (appointed) second

hseredem testamento, confectus morbis, et ob

heir by will, spent by disease, and on-account-of

earn causam mente paullum imminuta.

that cause with a mind a little diminished (impaired).

Cui petenti, Metellus negaverat utrumque,

To whom requesting (them), Metellus had denied each

uti poneret sellam juxta

(of the following), that he might place (his) chair near (him)

more regum, item posted, turmam Romanorum

in the manner of kings, also afterwards a troop of Roman
equitum caus& custodise: honorem, quod
horsemen by cause (for the sake) of guard : the honour, because

foret modo eorum quos Romanus populus

it might be (was) in the manner of those whom the Roman people

appellavisset reges: presidium, quod

might have (had) called kings : the guard, because

foret contumeliosum in eos, si Romani equites

it might be insulting unto them, if Roman horsemen

traderentur satellites Numidse. Marius

should be delivered (as) guards to a Numidian. Marius

aggreditur hunc anxium, atque hortatur uti petat

accosts him anxious, and encourages that he may seek
poenas contumeliarum in imperatorem,
punishments of the insults against the commander, [received from

cum suo auxilio: extollit secund&

the commander,] with his assistance : he extols with favourable

oratione hominem animo parum-valido ob

speech the man with a mind not-strong on-account-of

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 225

morbos: "Ulum esse ingentem virum, nepotem

diseases: "Him to be a great man, grandson

Masinissee; si Jugurtha foret captus aut

of MasiDissa ; if Jugurtha might be (were) taken or

occisus, habiturum imperium

slain (to be) about-to-have [he would have] the government

Numidiae sine mor£; aded id posse evenire

of Numidia without delay ; thus that to be-able to happen

maturS si ipse
speedily, [that indeed this might speedily happen,] if himself

missus-foret consul ad id bellum."

might have (had) been sent (as) consul to that war/'

Itaque ipse impellit et ilium et Romanos equites,

Therefore he impels both him and the Roman knights,

milites et negotiatores, alios ; spes pacis

soldiers and merchants, (and) others ; the hope of peace (urges)

plerosque, uti scribant asperS Romam ad

most, that they may write roughly (severely) to Rome to

suos necessarios in Metellum de bello; poscant

their acquaintances against Metellus about the war; may request
Marium imperatorem. Sic consulates petebatur
Marius (as) commander. Thus the consulship was sought

illi a* inultis mortalibus honestissumfi suffragatione.

for him by many mortals with most-honourable canvass.

Simul nobilitate fus&

At-the-same-time the nobility being poured (defeated) [being made of

per Mamiliam legem, e£

equal importance in voting,] by the Mamilian law, at that

tempestate plebes extollebat novos.

time the common-people did extol [to office] new (men).

Ita cuncta procedere Mario. Interim

Thus all (things) (began) to succeed for Marius. Mean-time

Jugurtha, deditione omissfi, postquam incipit

Jugurtha, the surrendor being omitted, after-that he commences

bellum parare omnia cum magn& curfi,

the war (began) to prepare all (things) with great care,

festinare cogere exercitum; affectare,

to hasten to collect an army to aim-at [to recover]

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226 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

civitates qu» defeoerant ab se, formidine, aut

the cities which had revolted from himself, by terror, or

ostentando prsemia, communire suos locos; reficere.

by displaying rewards, to fortify his-own plaoes ; to repair,

aut commercari arma, tela, que alia, quae

or to purchase arms, weapons, and other (things), which

amiserat spe pacis; allicere servitia

be had lost in the hope of peace; to entice the slaveries (slaves)

Romanorum, et tentare eos ipsos qui erant

of the Romans, and to try those (persons) themselves who were

in praesidiis, pecuniS; pati nihil prorsus

in the garrisons, by money ; to suffer nothing altogether

intactum, neque quietum, agitare cuncta.

untouched, nor * tranquil, to disturb all (things).

Igitur Vaccenses, principes civitatis qu6 Metellus

Therefore the Yacoensian, chiefs of the state where Metellus

imposuerat presidium initio, JugurthS

had placed a garrison in the beginning, Jugurtha

pacificante, fatigati suppliciis regis, neque

making-peace, being importuned by the entreaties of the king, neither

alienati antei voluntate, conjurant inter se ; nam

alienated before in will, conspire among themselves; for

vulgus, uti solet, plerumque, et maxumfe

the common -people, as is usual, generally, and chiefly (that)

Numidarum, erat, mobili ingenio, seditiosum

of the Numidians, was, with changeable disposition, seditious

atque discordiosum, cupidum novarum rerum,

and turbulent, desirous of new things (revolution),

advorsum quieti et otio: dein, rebus compositis

inimical to rest and to leisure : then, things being arranged

inter se, constituunt in tertium diem, qudd

between themselves, they appoint on the third day, because

is festus que celebratus per omnem Africam,

that (being) festive and celebrated through aU Africa,

ostentabat ludum et lasciviam magis qu&m

did display play and wantonness more than

formidinem. Sed ubi tempus fuit, invitant alius

fear. But when the time was, they invite the other

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 227

alium - suas domos, centuriones que militares

(the one) another (to) their houses, the centurions and military

tribunos, et T. Turpilium Silanum praefectum ipsum

tribunes, and Titus Turpilius Silanus the governor himself

oppidi: obtruncant omnes eos inter epulas, prater

of the town : they massacre all those among the feasts, except

Turpilium : posted aggrediuntur milites palantes,

Turpilius afterwards they attack the soldiers wandering,

inermes, ac sine imperio, quippe in tali die.

unarmed, and without command, inasmuch-as on such a day.

Plebes facit idem, pars

[As became such a day.] The common-people do the same, part

edocti ab nobilitate, alii incitati studio talium

instructed by the nobility, others urged from zeal of such

rerum, quis ignorantibus acta, que consilium,

things, to whom not-knowing (their) acts, and design,

tumultus ipse, et novae res, placebant satis.

the confusion itself, and new things, did please sufficiently.

Komani milites, improviso metu, incerti que

The Roman soldiers, from the sudden n
fear, doubtful and

ignari quid facerent potissimdm, trepidare ad

ignorant what they should do chiefly, (began) to hurry to

arcem oppidi, ubi et signa scuta erant:

the citadel of the town, where the standards and shields were

presidium hostium, portae clausae ant&

a guard of the enemies, (and) the gates being shut before

prohibebant fugam: ad hoc mulieres que

did hinder (their) flight : to this (besides) the women and

pueri mittere certatim pro tectis

boys (began) to send (cast) emulonsly before the roofs

cedificiorum saxa, et alia, quae locus praebebat.

of the buildings stones, and other (things), which the place did afford.

Ita anceps malum neque caveri,

Thus the double evil (could) neither be guarded-against,

neque posse resisti infirmissumo generi

nor (did it appear) to be able to be opposed to the weakest sort

d fortissumis:
by the bravest : [nor oould the bravest resist the weakest portion of

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228 BALLUSTII JtJGHJRTHA.

boni que mali, strenui et imbelles,

mankind :] the good and the bad, the active and the unwarlike,

inulti, obtruncati (sunt) jxxxtk. In e& tantS

un revenged, were slaughtered alike. In that so-great

asperitate, Numidis seevissumis, et

roughness (misfortune), the Numidians (being) most-cruel, and

oppido clauso undique, Turpilius praefectus, unus

the town being shut on-every-side, Turpilius the governor, one

ex omnibus Italicis profugit intactus:

(alone) out-of all the Italians escaped untouched:

comperimus parhm, an id evenerit ita

we have discovered little, whether that may have happened so

misericordii hospitis, an pactione, an

from the compassion oT (his) host, or by agreement, or

casu: nisi, quia in tanto malo turpis vita

by chance: unless (but), because in so-great an evil abase life

fuit potior integrfi famS, videtur

was better (than) sound fame (character), he seems

improbus que intestabilis. Postquam Metellus

villainous and detestable. After-that Metellus

comperit de rebus actis Vaccae, moestus

discovered about the things done at Vacca, sorrowful

abit paullisper § conspectu:

he departs a little-while out-of sight (from public)

deinde ubi ira et segritudo permista-sunt,

afterwards when anger and sorrow were-mingled,

festinat ire ultum injurias cum maxuma cura.

he hastens to go to avenge the injuries with the greatest care.

Educit legionem cum qu4 hiemabat, et

He leads-out the legion with which he did winter, and
. qu&m-plurimos Numidas equites potest, expeditos,
as-many Numidian cavalry he is-able, prepared,

cum occasu solis: et

[both disencumbered], with [at] the setting of the sun : and
poster& die circiter tertiam horam pervenit
in the following day about the third hour he arrives

in quamdam planitiem, circumventam locis paulld

into a certain plain, surrounded with places a little.

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BALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 229

superioribus. Ibi docet milites, fessos

higher. There he teaches (informs) the soldiers, fatigued

magnitudine itineris, et jam abnuentes omnia,

by the greatness of the march, and now refusing all (things),

oppidum Vaccam abesse non amplius

[that] the town Vacca to be distant [is distant] not more

mille passuum: decere illos

(than) a thousand of paces to become [that it became] them

pati reliquum laborem «quo animo, dum

to suffer the rest (remaining) labour with even mind, until

caperent poenas pro suis civibus, fortissumis

they might take penalties for their-own citizens, very-brava

atque miserrumis viris. Prseterea ostentat

and most- wretched men. Besides he points-out

praedam benign^.
the plunder liberally. [He liberally grants them the plunder of the

Sic animis eorum arrectis, jubet

place.] Thus the minds (spirits) of them being raised, be orders

equites ire in primo, latS, pedites

the cavalry togo in front, extended, the infantry

quam-arctissum£, et occultare signa. Ubi

as-closely-as-possible, and to conceal the standards. When
Vaccenses animadvert^re exercitum pergere
the Vaccenses perceived the army . to proceed

advorsum se, rati primo esse

against themselves, having thought (it) at-first to be

Metellum, uti res erat, clausere portas: deinde

Metellus, *
as the thing was, they shut the gates then

ubi vident agros neque vastari, et eos qui

when they see the lands neither to be ravaged, and those who
aderant primi NumidaS equites; arbitrati
were present first (to be) Numidian cavalry; having thought (it)

rursum Jugurtham, procedunt obvii

again (to be) Jugurtha, they proceed opposite (towards him)

cum magno gaudio. Equites que pedites, signo

with great joy. The cavalry and infantry, a signal

dato repent^, alii caedere

being given suddenly, others (some began) to slaughter

20

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230 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

vulgum effusum oppido; alii festinare

the common-people poured-forth from the town j others to hasten

ad portas: pars capere turres: ira, atque spes

to the gates : part to take the towers : anger, and the hope

praedae posse pl&s quam lassitudo. • Ita

of booty to be-able (to do) more than fatigue. Thus

Vaccenses laetati (sunt) modd biduum ex

the Vaccenses rejoiced only two-days from (their)

perfidifi: magna et opulens civitas fuit cuncta

treachery : the great and wealthy city was all

poenae aut praedae.

for punishment or for booty. [Was given up to punishment or booty.]

Turpilius, quern praefectum oppidi ostendimus

Turpilius, whom (being) governor of the town we have shown
supra* profugisse unum ex omnibus,
above to have escaped one (alone) out-of all,

jussus k Metello dicere causam;

being commanded by Metellus to say (plead his) cause

postquam expurgat sese parum, conderanatus que

after-that he clears himself little, being condemned and
verberatus, solvit poenas capite; nam
scourged, he loosed (paid) penalties by (his) head ; [life ;] for

is erat civis ex Latio. Per idem

he was a citizen out-of Latium. Through (during) the same

tempus Bomilcar, impulsu cujus Jugurtha

time Bomilcar, by the instigation of whom Jugurtha

inceperat deditionem, quam deseruit metu,

had begun the surrender, which he abandoned -from fear,

suspectus regi, et ipse suspiciens eum,

being suspected to (by) the king, and he suspecting him, (began)

cupere noyas res; quaerere dolum ad

to desire new things (revolution) ; to seek a stratagem to

perniciem ejus; fatigare animum diu

the destruction of him [Jugurtha] ; to weary (his) mind by -day

que noctu; denique, tentando omnia, adjungit

and by-night; finally, by trying all (things), he unites (as;

socium sibi Nabdalsam, nobilem hominem,

an associate to himself Nabdalsa, a noble man,

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 231

clarum magnis opibus, que acceptum suis

illustrious by great riches, and received (popular) to his-own

popularibus: qui solitus-erat pleriimque ductare

countrymen who had been accustomed generally to lead

exercitum seorsum ab rege, et exsequi omnes

an army apart from the king, and to execute all

res, quae superaverant Jugurthse, fesso aut

things, which had remained-over to Jugurtha, fatigued or

adstricto majoribus ex quo gloria que opes

bound-down to greator (affairs) ; from "which glory and riches

inventae illi. Igitur dies statuitur insidiis

were found to (by) him. Therefore a day is appointed for the snares

consilio utriusque: placuit csetera parari

by the plan of each : it pleased (them) the rest to be prepared

ex tempore, uti res posceret. Nabdalsa

according-to time, as the thing might demand. Nabdalsa

profectus (est) ad exercitum, quern jussus habebat

set-out to the army, which being ordered he did have

inter hiberna Komanorum, ne hostibus

between (near) the winter-quarters of the Romans, lest the enemies

inultis ager vastaretur.

(being) unrevenged the land might be ravaged. [Lest the land might

Postquam, is, perculsus

be ravaged by the enemy with impunity.] After-that, he, struck

magnitudine facinoris, venit non ad tempus; que

by the greatness of the crime, came not to time; and

metus impediebat rem: Bomilcar, simul cupidus

fear <Rd hinder the thing : Bomilcar, at-the-same-time desirous

patrandi incepta, et anxius timore

of perpetrating his undertakings, and anxious from the fear of (his)

socii, ne vetere consilio omisso, queereret

associate, lest the old design being laid-aside, he might seek

novum; mittit letteras ad eum per fideles

anew (one); sends letters (a letter) to him by, faithful

homines: in queis accusare mollitiem que

linen: in which (he began) to accuse the softness and

socordiam viri; testari Deos, per quos

inactivity of the man; to attest the Gods, through whom

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282 SALLUSTn JUGURTHA.

juravisset ; monere, ne-converteret

be might have (bad) sworn j to advise, (that) he should not-turn

preemia Metelli in pestem: exitium

the rewards of Metellus into (his) plague (ruin): destruction

adesse Jugurthae; cseterihn id mod6 agitari,

to be at-hand to Jugurtha; but that now to be discussed,

ne periret su& virtute, an Metelli:

whether he might perish by his valour, or (that) of Metellus

proinde reputaret cum suo animo,

wherefore he should revolve with his-own mind, (whether)

mallet praemia an cruciatum. Sed cum hae

be might prefer rewards or torture. But when these
litterse allatae (sunt), Nabdalsa, fessus, corpore
letters were brought, Nabdalsa, fatigued, (his) body

exercito, fortfe quiescebat in lecto; ubi, verbis

being exercised, by-chance did rest in abed; where, the words

Bomilcaris cognitis, cura, deinde somnus cepit,

of Bomilcar being known, anxiety, then sleep took

uti solet segrum animum. Erat quidam

(seized him), as it is-wont a sick mind. There was a certain

Numida ei, fidus curator negotiorum, que

Numidian to him, a faithful manager of (his) affairs, and

acceptus, et particeps omnium consiliorum,

received (approved), and a partaker of all (his) design*,

nisi novissumi. Qui postquam, audivit litteras

unless of the newest (last). Who after-that, he heard the letters

allatas, ratus, ex consuetudine,

(letter) being brought, having thought, according-to custom,

opus esse operfi, aut suo ingenio, introiit

need to be with (his) assistance, or his understanding, entered

in tabernaculum : illo dormiente, sumit ac perlegit

into the tent: he sleeping, he takes and reads- through

epistolam positam temerfc super caput in pulvino:

the letter placed rashly above (his) head on the pillow

dein, insidiis cognitis, pergit proper^ ad regem.

then, the snares being known, he proceeds quickly to the king.

Nabdalsa experrectus paullo pcist, ubi reperit

Nabdalsa being awaked a little after, when he found

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 233

neque epistolam, et cognovit omnem rem, uti

neither the letter, and knew all the thing, as

acta-erat,
it had been transacted, [and was informed of what had taken place,]

prim6 conatus (est) persequi indicem ;

postquam id
at-first endeavoured to pursue the informer; after- that that

fuit -frustrd,, accedit Jugurtham gratis

was in-vain, he approaches Jugurtha by favour (for the soke)

placandi: praeventum perfidiS,

of appeasing (him): (he says) to have been'prevented by the treachery

sui clientis, facere, quae ipse paravisset

of his dependant, to do, what (things) he might have prepared

lacrumans, "obtestatur per amicitiam,

(had intended) : weeping, "he beseeches (him) by friendship,

que per sua acta fideliter ante A,

and by his (deeds) transacted faithfully before, (that)

ne-haberet sese suspectum super tali scelere."

he would not-have himself suspected about such guilt."

Rex respondit placid^ ad ea, aliter atque

The king answered calmly to those (words), otherwise and

gerebat animo. Bomilcare, que multis aliis,

(than) he did bear in mind. Bomilcar, and many others,

quos cognoverat socios insidiarum, interfectis,

whom he had known associates of the snares, being slain,

oppresserat iram, ne qua seditio oriretur ex

he had repressed (his) wrath, lest any sedition might arise out-of

eo negotio. Neque fuit ulla dies aut nox quieta

that business. Neither was any day or night tranquil

Jugurthae post id locoriim neque

to Jugurtha after that of places (that circumstance) : neither (was

credere satis cuiquam loco, neque

he able) to believe (trust) sufficiently to any place, nor

mortali, neque tempori: metuere cives que

person, nor time : (he began) to fear citizens and

hostes juxta: circumspectare omnia, et pavescere

enemies alike: to look-around-on all (things), and to fear

pmni strepitu: requiescere noctu alio atque

in every noise to rest by night in another (one) and
20*

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234 SALLUSTII JUGUItTHA.

alio loco,
another place, [be continually changed his place of repose at night,]

contra regium decus : interdum excitus somno,

agninst royal propriety : sometimes roused from sleep, (bis)

armis arreptis, facere tumultum : exagitari ita

arms being snatcbed-up, to make a tumult : to be harassed thus

formidine, quasi vecordifi. Igitur, ubi Metellus

by fenr, as-if by insauity. Therefore, when Metellus

cognovit ex perfugis de casu Bomilcaris,

knew from deserters concerning the calamity of Bomilcar,

et indicio patefacto, parat que festinat

and the information being laid-open, he prepares and hastens

cuncta rursus tamquam ad integrum bellum.

all (things) again as-if to a fresh war.

Dimittit Marium domura, fatigantem de

He dismisses Marius home, wearying (him) about (his)

profectione, et simul invitum et offensum,

departure, and at-tbe-same-time unwilling and offended,

ratus parum idoneum sibi. Et plebes

having thought (him) little useful for himself. And the common -people
Romae, litteris quae missae-erant de Metello ac
at Rome, the letters which had been sent about Metellus and

Mario cognitis, acceperant volenti animo

Marius being known, had received (them) with a willing mind

de ambobus. Nobilitas, quae fuerat anteA

concerning both. (His) nobility, which had been before

decori, esse invidiae imperatori: at humilitas

for honour, (began) to be for envy to the commander: but humbleness

generis addiderat favorem illi alteri: caeterura

of race had added favour to that other but [moreover]

studia partium magis qudm sua bona aut mala

the zeals of parties more than their-own good or bad

moderata in utroque. Praeterea, seditiosi

(qualities) directed in each. Besides, seditious

magistrates exagitare vulgum,

magistrates (began) to harass [agitate] the common -people,
arcessere Metellum capitis omnibus conoionibus,
to impeach Metellus of head (capitally) in all harangues.

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 235

celebrare virtutem Marii in majus.

to celebrate the valour of Marias into greater (too highly).

Denique, plebes accensa (est) sic, uti opifices

Finally, the common-people was inflamed so, that the artisans

que omnes agrestes, quorum res que fides

and all the rustics, whose thing (property) and credit

erant sitae in manibus,

were placed in (their) hands, [who depended on their daily work for

operibus relictis, frequentarent

support,] (their) works being left, might (did) frequent

Marium, et ducerent sua necessaria

Marius, and might lead (did deem) their-own necessary (matters)

post honorem illius.

after the honour of him. [And postponed their own necessary affairs

Ita nobilitate perculsS,

to the honour of Marius.] Thus the nobility being struck, [defeated],

consulatus mandatur novo • homini post multas

the consulship is committed to a new man after many
tempestates: et postea frequens populus rogatus
epochs and afterwards a numerous people being asked

a Manlio Mantino, tribuno plebis, quern

by Manlius Mantinus, tribune of the common-people, whom it (they)

vellet gerere bellum cum Jugurtha, jussit

might will to carry-on the war with Jugurtha, ordered

Marium. Sed senatus decreverat Numidiam

Marius. But the senate had decreed Numidia

Metello; ea res fuit frustra. Eodem tempore,

to Metellu8; that thing was in-vain. In the same time,

Jugurtha, varius que incertus, amicis amissis,

Jugurtha, changeable and uncertain, (his) friends being lost,

plerosque quorum ipse necaverat, cseteri formidine;

most of whom himself had killed, the re* from fear;

pars profugerant ad Romanos, alii ad regem

part had fled to the Romans, others to king

Bocchum : cum bellum posset neque

flocchus: when the war might be (was) able neither

geri sine administris, et duceret

to be carried -on without managers, and he might lead (did deem it)

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236 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

periculosum experiri fidem novorum in tantS

dangerous to try the faith of new (ones) in so-great

perfidiS, veterum, agitabatur. Neque res neque

treachery of the old, was harassed. Neither a thing nor

consilium, aut quisquam hominum placebat illi

apian, or any-one of men did please to him

satis mutare itinera que praefectos

sufficiently : (he began) to change (his) routes and governors

in-dies: modo pergere advorsum hostes interdum

daily one-time to proceed against the enemies sometimes

in solitudines: saepfc habere spem in fug&, at paullo

into deserts: often to have hope in flight, but a little

post in armis: dubitare an crederet minus

after in arms : to doubt whether he should believe (trust) less

virtuti an% fidei popularium. Ita,

to the valour or to the faith of (his) countrymen. Thus,

quocunque intenderat, res erant advorsae.

wheresoever he had directed (his mind), things were adverse.

Sed inter eas moras, Metellus ostendit sese repent^

But among those delays, Metellus shows himself suddenly

cum exercitu^ Numidae parati (sunt), que

with (his) army. The Numidians were prepared, and
~~
instructi pro tempore
arrayed according-to the time [as well as the time and occasion

ab JugurtM: dein praelium incipitur. In

would permit] by Jugurtha : then a battle is begun. In

qui parte rex adfuit pugnae, ibi certatum (est)

what part the king was-present to the battle, there it was contended

aliquamdiu : omnes caeteri milites ejus pulsi (sunt)

some-time all the rest-of the soldiers of him were repulsed

que fugati primo congressu. Romani potiti (sunt)

and put-to-flight in the first encounter. The Romans possessed

signorum et armorum et aliquanto numero

of the standards and arms and some number
hostium. Nam pedes magis qu&m arma
of the enemies. For (their) feet more than arms
tutata-sunt Numidas ferme in omnibus proeliis.
protected the Numidians almost in all the battles.

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SALLUSTIT JUGURTHA. 237

Jugurtha e& fug£ modo diffidens impensius suis

Jugurtha in that flight now distrusting more-earnestly to his

rebus, pervenit cum perfutris et parte equitatfis

affairs, arrived with the deserters and part of the cavalry

in solitudines, dein Thalam, in magnum et

into deserts, then to Thnlu, into a great and

opulentum oppidum, ubi plerique thesauri, que

wealthy town, where inost-of the treasures, and

multus cultus pueritiae

much furniture of boyhood (relating to youthful instruction) of (his)

filiorum erat. Postquam quae comperta-sunt

sons was. After-that which (things) were discovered

Metello, quamquam cognoverat arida

to (by) Metellus, although he bad known dry (parched)

atque vasta loca esse inter Thalam que proxuraum

and desert places to be between Th&la and the next

flumen, in spatio quinquaginta millium; tamen,

river, in a space of fifty miles however

aggreditur supervadere omnes asperitates ac

he attempts to surmount all asperities (difficulties) and

etiam vincere naturam, spe belli patrandi,

even to overcome nature, in the hope of the war to-be-completed,

si potitus-foret ejus oppidi.

if he might have possessed [if he got possession] of that town.

Igitur, jubet omnia jumenta levari

Therefore, he orders all the beasts-of-burdcn to be lightened

sarcinis, nisi frumento decern dierum

from the baggages, except corn of [for] ten days

caeteriim utres mod6, et alia idonea

but [moreover] bladders only, and other (things) proper

aquae portari. Praeterea conquirit plurimum

for water to be carried. Besides he seeks the roost

domiti pecoris ex agris quam potest,

of tamed cattle out-of the lands as he is-able, [he collects as

que eo
many tame cattle from the fields as he can,] and there (on them)

imponit vasa cujusque modi, pleraque

he places the vessels of every manner (kind), most (qf them)

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238 SALLUSTII JUGTJRTHA.

lignea, collecta ex tuguriis Numidarum. Ad

wooden, gathered out-of the cottages of the Numidians. To

hoc imperat finitumis qui

this (besides) he orders to the neighbouring (people) whi

dederant -se Metello post fugam regis,

had surrendered themselves to Metellus after the flight of the king,

quisqtie portaret quum plurimtim aquae

(that) every-one should carry as-much -as-possible of water;

prsedicit diem que locum ubi forent

he appoints-before the day and place where they should-be

praest6. Ipse onerat jumenta ex flumine,

at-hand. Himself loads the boasts-of-burden from the river,

quam aquam diximus supri esse proxumam

which water we have said above to be nearest

oppido. Instructus eo modo proficiscitur ad

to the town. Furnished in that manner he sets-out to

Thalam. Deinde ubi ventum-est ad id loci, - quo

Thala. Afterwards when it was come to that of place, where

praeceperat Numidis; et castra posita-sunt

he had instructed to the Numidians [to be] ; and the camps were placed

que munita; tanta vis aquae dicitur

(pitched) and fortified; so-great a force (quantity) of water is said

missa repentfe coelo, ut ea foret

(to have been) sent suddenly from heaven, that that might be (was)

modo satis que super exercitui. Praeterea

now enough and above (more) for the army. Besides

commeatus amplior spe

(there was) provision more-abundant (than) hope ; [than was hoped

quia Numidae, sicuti plerique in novfii deditione,

for j] because the Numidians, as most in anew surrender,

intenderant officia.
had strained (their) offices. [Had exceeded what they were required

Caeterum milites usi (sunt) religione magis

to do.] But the soldiers used religion more (than)

pluvia, que ea res addidit multum animis

the rain, and that thing added much to the minds (spirits)

eorum ; nam rati (sunt) sese esse enrae

of them; for they imagined themselves to be for care

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SALLUST1I JUliURTHA. 239

immortalibus Diis. Deinde perveniunt ad Thalam

to the immortal Gods. Afterwards they arrive at Thala

postero die* contra opinionem Jugurthae.

on the following day, contrary-to the opinion of Jugurtha.

Oppidani, qui crediderant se munitos

The townsmen, who bad believed themselves fortified

asperitate locorum, perculsi atque

by the roughness of the places, struck by the great and

insolit& re, parare bellum nihilo segnius;

unusual thing, (began) to prepare war by nothing more-fnactively

nostri facere idem. Sed

[not the less on that account;] our (men) to do the same. But

rex jam credens nihil infectum Metello,

the king now believing nothing undone to (by) Metellus,

quippe qui industrial vicerat omnia, arma,

inasmuch-as who by industry had vanquished all (things) arms,

tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam,

weapons, places, times (seasons), finally nature herself,

imperitantem caeteris, profugit noctu ex

ruling *
to the rest (of things), escaped by night out-of

oppido cum liberis, et magnfi parte pecuniae;

the town with (his) children, and with a great part of the money;

neque moratus posted in ullo loco amplius

neither having delayed afterwards in any place more (than)

unfi, die, aut una nocte, simulabat sese properare

one day, or one night, he did pretend himself to hasten

gratis negotii; caeterum timebat

by favour (for the sake) of business but he did fear

proditionem, quam putabat posse vitare celeritate.

treachery, which he did think to be-able to avoid by speed.

Nam talia consilia capi per otium et

For (he knew) such counsels to be taken through leisure and

ex opportunitate. At ubi Metellus videt oppidanos

from opportunity. But when Metellus sees the townsmen

intentos praelio, simul oppidum munitum et

intent in the battle, at-the-same-time the town fortified both

operibus et loco, circumvenit moenia vallo

by works and by the place, be surrounds the walla with a rampart

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240 6ALLUSTTI JUGURTHA.

que fossfi. Deinde jubet agere Tineas

and a ditch. Then he orders to act (put-in -action) mantelets

locis maxumfe idoneis ex copi£;

in the places most suitable according-to the opportunity;

[in such places, out of the whole number of places, that were most suitable

que jacere aggerem super eas, et

for them ;] and to throw a mound above (beyond) those, and

turribus impositis super aggerem tutari opus et

towers being placed upon the mound to defend the work and
administros. Contra haec oppidani
the managers (engineers). Against these (things) the townsmen (began)

festinare, parare; prorsiis nihil fieri reliquum

to hasten, to prepare; altogether nothing to be made left

ab utrisque. Denique Romani

by each. [Nothing was left undone by each.] Finally the Romans
fatigati multo labore ant&, que prseliis, potiti (sunt)
wearied by much labour before, and battles, possessed

oppido modd, post quadraginta dies,

with the town [took the town] now, after forty days,

qu&m ventum-erat eo; omnis prseda

than (since) it had been come thither; all the booty

corrupta (est) k perfugis. Postquam ii vident

was destroyed by the deserters. After-that those see

murum feriri arietibus, que suas res

the wall to be struck by the (battering) rams, and their things

affiictas, comportant aurum atque

overthrown [and ruined], they carry the gold and
argentum et alia quae decuntur prima
silver and other (things) which are deemed the first [most valu-

regiam domum; ibi,' onerati vino et

able] (to) the royal house ; there, loaded with wine and
epulis, corrumpunt que ilia et domum, et semet
with feasts, they destroy both them and the house, and themselves

igni; et ipsi volentes pependSre eas poenas,

by fire ; and themselves willing paid those penalties,

quas victi metuerant ab hostibus. Sed

which being conquered they had feared from the enemies. But

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 241

pariter cum Thal£ captft, legati

equally (at the same time) with Thala being taken, ambassadors

venerant ad Metellum ex oppido Lepti, orantes

had come to Metellus out-of the town Leptis, praying

uti mitteret praesidium que praefectum e5;

that he would send a garrison and a governor thither,* [that]

quemdam Hamilcarem, nobilem, factiosum hominem

a certain Hamilcar, a noble, factious man
studere novis rebus; advorsum
to study for new things ;
[was exciting a revolution ;] against

quern neque imperia magistratuum neque leges

whom neither the commands of the magistrates nor the laws

valerent; ni festinaret id, suam salutem,

might avail •
unless he should hasten that, their-own safety

socios illorum, fore in summo periculo.

the allies of £hem, to be about-to-be in the highest danger.

Nam Leptitani jam-inde & principio Jugurthini

For the Leptitani ever-since from the beginning of the Jugurthine

belli miserant ad consulem Bestiam, et postea

war had sent to the consul Bestia, and afterwards

Romam, rogatum amicitiam que societatem. Deinde,

to Rome, to entreat friendship and alliance. Afterwards,

ubi ea impetrata (sunt), mansere semper

when those (things) were obtained, they remained always

boni que fideles, et fecerant gnave cuncta

good and faithful, and had done actively all (things)

imperata & BestiS, Albino, que Metello; que ita

ordered by Bestia, Albinus, and Metellus; and thus

adepti (sunt) facilS ab imperatore, quae

obtained easily from the commander, what (things)

petebant. Quatuor cohortes Ligurum emissae

they did ask. Four cohorts of Ligurians were sent-out

ed, et Caius Annius praefectus. Id oppidum

thither, and Caius Annius (as) governor. That town

conditum-est ab Sidoniis, quos accepimus

was built by the Sidonians, whom we have received (heard)

profugos ob civiles discordias venisse

(being) exiles on-account-of civil discords to have come

21

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242 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

in eos locos; caeterum situm inter duas Syrtes,

into those places; but situate between the two Syrtes,

quibus nomen inditum ex re.

to whioh the name (was) given from the thing. [From the nature

Nam sunt duo sinus in extremft

of the thing.] For there are two bays in the remotest

Africfii prope, impares magnitudine, pari

Africa nearly, unequal in sise, with equal (similar)

naturfii, quorum proxuma terra sunt praealta;

nature, of which (the parts) nearest to the land are very-deep

caetera alta, uti fors tulit; alia vadosa

the rest deep, as chance has brought (directed) ; others fordable

in tempestate. Nam ubi mare coepit esse magnum

in a tempest. For when the sea has begun to be great

et saevire ventis, fluctus trahunt

. limum, que
and to rage by the winds, the waves draw [move] mud, and

arenam et ingentia saxa: ita facies locorum

sand and huge rocks : thus the appearanee of the places

mutatur simul cum ventis; nominatse-sunt Syrtes

is changed together with the winds ; they have been named Syrtes

ab tractu. Lingua ejus

(quicksands) from the drawing [or dragging.] The language of that

civitatis modd con versa (est) connubio Numidarum;

state lately was changed by marriage of the Numidians

pleraque legum que cultfis Sidonica,

most (things) of laws and of living (are) Sidonian, [their

quae retinebant
laws and customs are, for the most part, Sidonian,] which they did retain

ed facilius, qudd agebant aetatem procul

therefore more-easily, because they did act (spend) age (life) far

ab imperio regis. Multi que vasti loci erant

from the authority of the king. Many and desert places were

inter illos et frequentem Numidiam.

between them and numerous (inhabited) Numidia [and the

Sed quoniam venimus in has

densely inhabited Numidia.] But since we have come into these

regiones per negotia Leptitanorum, videtur non

regions through the affairs of the Leptitani, it seems not

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 248

indignum memorare egregium atque mirabile facinus

unworthy to relate an excellent and admirable exploit

duorum Carthaginiensium ; locus admonuit nos

of two Carthaginians j
the place has reminded us

earn rem.
that thing.

Tempestate qu& Carthaginienses imperitabant

In the time in which the Carthaginians did rule-over

pleraeque Africa, Cyrenenses quoque fuSre magni

to most-of Africa, the Cyrenians also were great

atque opulenti. Ager in medio ^renosus,

and wealthy. The land in the middle (was) sandy,

una specie; neque erat flumen neque mons,

with one appearance j neither was there river nor mountain,

qui discerneret fines eorum; quae res habuit

which might distinguish the bounds of them; which thing held

eos in magno que diuturno bello.

them in a great and lasting war. [Which thing kept the
•
Postquam
Carthaginians and the Cyrenians in perpetual war.] After-that

legiones item classes utrimque saepfc fusse (sunt),

the legions also the fleets on-either-side often were routed,

que fugatae, et alteri attriverant alteros

and put-to-flight, and the others (the one) had wasted the others

aliquantum; veriti ne alius aggrederetur mox

some- what; having feared lest another might attack soon-after

victos que victores defessos, faciunt

the conquered and the conquerors wearied, theymake
sponsionem per inducias, uti legati proficiscerentur
an agreement by truces, that deputies should depart

domo certo die; in quo loco fuissent

from home on a certain day j in what place they might have been

obvii is haberetur communis finis

opposite (had met) that should be held the common boundary

utriusque populi. Igitur duo fratres missi

of each people. Therefore the two brothers sent

Carthagine, quibus nomen erat Philaenis,

from Carthage, towhom the name was Philaeni,

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244 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

maturavSre pergere iter; Cyrenenses i£re

hastened to proceed [with] the journey ; the Cyrenians went

tardius. Cognovi parum, ne id evenent

more-slowly. I have learned little, whether that may have happened

socordiS an casu. Ceterum tempestas solet

by inactivity or by chance. But a tempest is accustomed

retinere in illis locis haud secus atque in

to detain in those places not otherwise and (than) in

mari. Nam ubi ventus coortus per sequalia

sea. For when the wind having arisen through the level

loca et nuda gignentium

places and naked (of things) producing [and destitute of vegetation]

excitavit arenam humo, ea agitata magn£

has raised the sand from the ground, that being shaken with great

vi, solet implere ora que oculos; ita

violence, is accustomed to fill the faces and eyes; thus

prospectu impedito, morari iter. Postquam

the view being obstructed, to delay the journey. Afier-tuat

Cyrenenses vident se esse aliquanto posteriores,

the Cyrenians see themselves to be by some-thing later,

et metuunt poenas domi ob rem

and fear punishments at home on-account-of the thing

corruptam crinjinari
being spoiled [ill managed] (they began) to accuse

Carthaginienses digressos domo antfc tempus

the Carthaginians having departed from home before the time

conturbare rem; denique malle omnia quam

to confuse the affair; finally to prefer all (things) than

abire victi. Sed cum Poeni peterent

to depart overcome. But when the Carthaginians might (did) ask

aliam conditioner^ tantummodo aequam, Grseci

another condition, provided only equal (fair), the Greeks

faciunt optionem Carthaginiensium, vel,

[of Cyrene] make (offer) a choice of the Carthaginians, either,

ut illi obruerentur vivi ibi,

that they should be overwhelmed (buried) alive there (in those places v

quos peterent fines suo populo; vel sese

which they might seek (as) boundaries for their people ; or themselves

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 245

processuros efidem conditione in quem locum

about-to-advance with the same condition into what place

vellent : Philaeni, conditione probata,

they might will : the Philseni, the condition being approved,

condonavSre que se que suam vitam reipublicse;

bestowed both themselves and their life to the state

ita obruti (sunt) vivi. Carthaginienses

thus they were overwhelmed (buried) alive. The Carthaginians

consecravSre aras Philaenis fratribus in co loco;

consecrated altars to the Philseni brothers in that place;

que alii honores instituti (sunt) domi illis. Nunc

and other honours were instituted at homo to them. Now
redeo ad rem. Postquam Jugurtha, ThalS,
I return to the thing (subject). After-that Jugurtha, Thala

amissft, putat nihil satis firmum contra Metellum

being lost, thinks nothing sufficiently firm against Metellus

profectus per magnas solitudines cum paucis,

having set-out through great deserts with a few,

pervenit ad Gsetulos, ferum que incultum genus

he arrived to the GuHulians, a fierce and uncultivated race

hominum; et eo tempore ignarum Romani

of men ; • and in that time ignorant of the Roman
nominis. Cogit multitudinem eorum in-unum : ac
name. He collects a multitude of them together: and

paullatim consuefacit habere ordines, sequi

by-degrees accustoms (them) to hold ranks, to follow

signa, observare imperium, item facere alia

standards, to observe command, also to do other

militaria. Prseterea perducit proxuinos

military (things). Besides he leads-over the nearest (friends)

regis Bocchi, magnis muneribus et . majoribus

of king Bocchus, by great presents and by greater

promissis ad studium sui:

promises to a zeal of him : [to be zealous for him, and his

quis 'adjutoribus aggressus regem, impellit

cause:] by which helpers having accosted the king, he urges

uti suscipiat bellum advorsum Romanos. Id

(him) that he may undertake war against the Romans. Thai

21*

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246 SALLUSTII JUGUATHA.

fait facilius que pronius ea gratia,

was more-easy and more-inclined (ready) from that favour (account),

quod Bocchus, initio hujusce belli, miserat

because Bocchus, in the beginning of this war, had sent

legatos Romam petitum fcedus et amicitiam. Quara

ambassadors to Rome to solicit a treaty and friendship. Which

opportunissumam rem, bello incepto, pauci

inost convenient thing, the war being begun, a few

impediverant cseci avaritiS, quis erat mos

had hindered blind by avarice, to whom it was a custom

vendere omnia honesta atque inhonesta.

to .-ell all (things) honourable and dishonourable.

Etiam filia Jugurthse nupserat an tea Boccho.

Also the daughter of Jugurtha had married before to Bocchus.

Verum ea necessitudo ducitur levis a pud Numidas

But that relationship is deemed light among Nuuridians

que Mauros: quod singuli habent quam-plurimas

and Moors: because each have very?iuany

uxores, quisque pro opibus; alii

wives, every-one according-to (their) riches j others (some)

denas; alii plures: sed reges amplius eo. Ita

ten j
others more : but the kings more therefore. Thus

animus distrahitur multitudine : obtinet

(their) mind (affection) is divided by the multitude: it obtains

nullam pro socia : omnes sunt pariter viles.

none for a partner: all are equally cheap (despised).

Igitur, exercitus conveniunt in locum placitum

Therefore, the armies assemble into a place agreed-on

ambobus: ibi fide data et accepta, Jugurtha

to-both: there faith being given and received, Jugurtha

accendit animum Bocchi oratione : Romanos esse

inflames the mind of Bocchus by a speech : the Romans to be

injustos, profunda avaritia,

unjust, with (of) profound avarice, [insatiable in their avarice,]

communes hostes omnium: illos habere eandem

common enemies of all: them to have the same
caussam belli cum Boccho, quam secum, et
caase of war with Bocchus, which (Xhey had) with him, and

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 247

cum aliis gentibus; lubidinem imperitandi, quts

with other nations; a lust of ruling, to whom
omnia regna sint advorsa: turn sese,
all kingdoms are inimical then himself,

Carthaginienses paullo ant&, item regem Persen

the Carthaginians a little before, also king Perses;

p6st uti quisque videatur opulentissimus, ita

afterwards, as each may seem most-wealthy, so

fore hostem Romania.

to be about-to-be an enemy to the Romans. [So he would be considered

His atque aliis talibus

as an enemy of the Romans.] These and other such (words)

dictis, constituunt iter ad oppidum Cirtam

being said, they appoint (their) march to the town Cirta;

qudd Q. Metellus locaverat praedam, que captivos,

because Quintus Metellus had placed the booty, and -the prisoners,

et impedimenta ibi. Ita Jugurtha ratus (est)

and the baggages there. Thus Jugurtha thought (it)

fore pretium operse, nrbe aut capt£;

to be about-to-be the price of the labour, the city either being taken;

aut si Romanus venisset auxilio

or if the Roman (general) might have come to aid

suis, sese certaturos prselio. Nam,

to his-own, themselves (to be) about-to-contend by a battle. For,

callidus, festinabat id modo imminuere pacem

crafty, he did hasten that now to diminish the peace

Bocchi ne
of Bocchus; [to lessen Bocchus's chance of making peace;] lest

agitando moras, mallet aliud quam

by managing delays, he should wish-rather another (thing) than

bellum. Postquara imperator cognovit de societate

war. After-that the commander knew of the alliance

regum, facit copiam pugnandi, non temerfc

of the kings, he makes an opportunity of fighting, not rashly

omnibus locis, neque uti consueverat ssepfc

in all places, nor as he had been accustomed often

jam, JugurthS victo ceterum castris

already, Jugurtha being conquered but the camps

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248 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

munitis haud procul ab Cirta, opperitur reges;

being fortified not fur from Cirtu, be awaits tbe kings ;

ratus esse melius, Mauris cognitis,

having thought (it) to be better, tbe Moors being known, [tbe cha-

facere pugnam ex
meter of tbe Moors being known,] to make battle according-to

commodo, quoniam is novus hostis

convenience, [advantageously,] since that new enemy
accesserat. Interim, fit certior RomS
had come-up (was added). Mean-time, he is made more-sure from Rome

per litteras, provinciam Numidiam datam (esse)

by letters, \he province Numidia to have been given

Mario. Nam acceperat antfe, factum (esse)

to Marius. For he had received (news) before, to have been made

consulem. Quibus
consuL [For he had before heard that he was made consul.] By which
rebus perculsus supra bonum atque honestum,
things being struck beyond (what was) good or honourable,

neque tenere lacrumas neque moderari

(he was able) neither to hold (his) tears nor to govern

linguam: egregius vir in aliis artibus,

(his) tongue : an excellent man in other arts (qualities),

pati segritudinem nimis molliter.

(he was able) to endure sorrow too softly (effeminately).

Quam rem alii vortebant in superbiam;

Which thing others did turn into pride ;
[did attribute to

alii bonum ingenium

pride,*] others (said) (his) good ability [his honourable spirit]

accensum-esse contumelifi: multi, qudd victoria

to have been inflamed by the insult many (said), because : the victory

jam parta eriperetur ex manibus

already obtained might bo (was) snatched out-of (his) hands:

cognitum satis nobis, ilium excruciatum (esse)

it has been known sufficiently to us, him to have been tormented

magis honore Marii quam sufi, injuria; neque

more by the honour of Marius than by his-own injury nor

fuisse laturum tam anxifc, si provincia

to have been about-to-bear (it) so solicitously, if the province

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 249

adempta trader etur alii quam Mario. Igitur

taken-away might be delivered to another than toMarius. Therefore

impeditus eo dolore, et quia videbatur

hindered by that grief, and because it did seem (the part)

stultitiae curare alienam rem suo periculo,

of folly to attend-to another's affair with his-own danger,

mittit legatos ad '

Bocchum postulatum
he sends ambassadors to Bocchus to request (that)

"ne-fieret hostis Romano populo sine

" he would not-become an enemy to the Roman people without

caussS: eum habere magnam copiam societatis que

cause: him to have a great opportunity of an alliance an^.

amicitiae conjungendae,
of-friendship to be joined, [of entering into alliance and friendship

quae esset potior bello:

with the Roman people,] which might be better (than) war

quamquam confideret suis opibus, tamen,

although he might (did) trust to his resources, however,

debere non mutare incerta pro certis;

to owe (he ought) not to change uncertain (things) for certain

omne bellum sumi facile, cseterum desinere

every war to be taken-up easily, but to end

aegerrumfe; initium et finem ejus non esse in

most-difficultly j the beginning and end of it not to be in

potestate ejusdem, licere cuivis, etiam

the power of the same (person), to be-lawful for any-one, even

ignavo, incipere; deponi cum victores

for the cowardly, to begin (it); to be la id-aside when the conquerors

velint : proinde consuleret sibi que suo

may will : wherefore he should consult for himself and for his

regno; neu misceret suas florentes res cum

kingdom; nor should he mix his flourishing affairs with

perditis Jugurthae." Rex

facit verba placid^ satis
the ruined (affairs) of Jugurtha." The king answers calmly enough

ad ea " Sese cupere pacem, sed misereri

to those (words) : " Himself to desire peace, but to pity

fortunarum Jugurthae; si eadem copia fieret

of the fortunes of Jugurtha; if the same opportunity might be made

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250 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

illi, omnia conventura." Imperator

to him, nil (things) (should be) about-to-agree." The commander

rursus mittit nuncios, contra postulata

again tends messengers, against [in reply to] the requests

JBocchi. Ille probare partim, abnuere alia.

of Bocchus. He (willed) to approve partly, to refuse other (parts).

Eo modo, nunciis missis que remissis saepfc

In that manner, messengers being-sent and sent-back often

ab utroque, tempus procedere, et bellum

by each, the time (began) to advance, and the war

trahi intactum ex voluntate Metelli.

to be protracted untouched according-to the will of Metellus.

At Marius, ut diximus supr&, factus consul

But Marius, as we have said above, being made consul

cupientissimfii plebe, postquam populus jussit

by the most-eager common -people, after-that the people ordered

provinciam Numidiam ei, jam ante& infestus

the province Numidia for him, already before hostile

nobilitati; ver6 turn multus atque

to the nobility ; but then [he] (began) much (frequently) and

ferox instare; modo laedere singulos,

haughty to urge (them); now to injure (insult) individuals,

modd universos : dictitare, " Sese cepisse

now the whole to say -often, " Himself to have taken

consulatum spolia ex illis victis :" praeterea alia

the consulship (as) spoils from them overcome :" besides othez

magnifica pro se, et dolentia illis ; interim

splendid (things) for himself, and grieving to them ; mean-time

habere prima, quae erant opus bello:

to have first, (those things) which were needful for war

postulare supplementum legionibus ; arcessere

to require a complement for the legions to send-for

auxilia & populis, et regibus, que sociis: praeterea

auxiliaries from peoples, and kings, and allies: besides

accire quemque fortissumum ex Latio, plerosque

to summon each bravest (man) out-of Latium, [the] most

cognitos militifi, paucos famS, et

known [to him] in warfare, [a] few by fame, and

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 251

ambiendo cogerc homines, stipendiis

by canvassing to compel [to induce] men, (their) pays

emeritis, proficisci secum. Neque

(military duties) being served oat, to set-out with him. Nor

senatus, quamquam erat adversus, audebat

the senate, although it was hostile (to him), .did dare

abnuere illi de ullo negotio: cseterum etiam

to refuse to him about any business [thing :
:]
but even

lsetus decreverat supplementum

joyful had decreed a complement; [a new levy of soldiers;]

quia putabatur militiam plebi neque

because it was thought warfare (to be) to the oommon-people neither

volenti,
willing, [because military service was thought to be disagreeable to the

et Marius aut amissurus usum

common people,] and Marius either about-to-lose the advantage

belli aut studium vulgi. Sed ea res

of the war or the zeal of the common-people. But that thing

sperata (est) frustrS,. Tanta lubido eundi cum

was hoped in-vain. So-great a passion of going with

Mario invaserat plerosque: quisque

Marius had seized most (of them) each (did think)

sese fore locupletem praedfi; rediturum

himself to be about-to-be wealthy by the booty ; about-to-return

domum victorem: trahebant

[and would return] home conqueror : they did draw (resolve) [they

alia hujuscemodi animis; et

did fancy] other (things) of-this-kind in (their) minds ; and

Marius arrexerat eos non paullum su& oratione.

Marius had roused them not a little by his speech.

Nam, postquam, omnibus quae postulaverat

For, after-that, all (things) which he had required

decretis, vult scribere milites, advocavit

being decreed, he wills to write (levy) soldiers, he summoned

concionem populi, causft hortandi,

an assembly of the people, by cause (for the sake) of exhorting (them),

et simul exagitandi nobilitatem,

and at-the-same-time of harassing [inveighing against] the nobility,

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252 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

uti cohsueverat ; deinde disseruit hoc modo:

as he had been accustomed j then he discoursed in this manner:

"Ego scio Quirites, plerosque petere imperium

'•
I know Romans, most (persons) to solicit power

a vobis, et gerere, postquam adepti-sunt,

from you, and to carry (it) on, after-that they have obtained (it),

non iisdem artibus primo esse industrios,

not by the same arts (qualities): at first to be industrious,

supplices, modicos, , dehinc agere "

setatem
suppliant, moderate, afterwards to act (spend their) age

per ignaviam et superbiam; sed videtur

through sloth and pride ;
but (the thing) seems

contra mihi. Nam quo universa

otherwise to me. For by what (by how much) the whole

respublica est pluris, quam consulatus aut

commonwealth is of more (consequence), than the consulship or

prsetura, eo illam debere

the praetorship, by that (by so much) that to owe (ought)

administrari majore cur a, quam haec peti.

to be administered with greater cnre, than these to be sought.

[That offices ought to be administered with greater care, than they are

Neque fallit me, quantum negotii

sought for.] Neither does it deceive me, how-much of business

sustineam cum vestro maximo beneficio.

I may support with your greatest kindness. [How great a

Parare bellum, et
task your kindness has imposed on me.] To prepare war, and

simul parcere serario; cogere eos ad

at-the-same-time to spare to the treasury ; to compel these to

militiam, quos nolis

warfare, [to military service,] whom thou mayest be-unwilling

offendere; curare omnia domi que foris; et

to offend; to take-care-of all (things) at home and abroad; and
agere ea inter invidos, occursantes,
to act those (things) among the envious, the thwarting,

factiosos, est, Quirites, asperius

the factious, is, Romans, more-rough (more-difficult) (than)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 253

cpinione. Ad hoc, si alii

supposition. [Is supposed.] To this (besides), if others

deliquSre, vetus nobilitas, fortia facta

have transgressed, (their) ancient nobility, the brave deeds

majorum, opes * cognatorum et affinium,

of (their) ancestors, the resources of relations and of kinsmen,

multae clientele, omnia haec adsunt

many patronages, all these (things) are-present

praesidio: omnes spes sitae mihi in memet;

for a safeguard : all hopes (are) placed forme in myself;

quas est necesse tutari virtute et innocenti^:

which it is necessary to defend by valour and by integrity

nam alia sunt infirma. Et,

for other (qualities) [my"6tber dependencies] are weak. And,

intelligo illud Quirites, ora omnium esse

I understand that Romans, the countenances of all to be

conversa in me ; aequos et bonos favere,

turned upon me; the equal (just) and good to favour (me),

quippe mea benefacta procedunt reipublicae;

because my benefits succeed for tho state ; [a faithful

nobilitatem
discharge of my duty is for the good of the republic j] the nobility

quaerere locum invadendi. Quo est

to seek a place (opportunity) of attacking (me). Wherefore it is

adnitendum mihi acriiis, utt vos neque

to-be-striven to (by) me more-vigorously, that you neither

capiamini, et illi sint frustra.

may be taken, [ensnared,] and they may be in- vain (disappointed).

Fui ita & pueritiS ad hoc aetatis, ut

I have been so from boyhood to this (period) of age, that

habeam omnes labores, pericula consueta.

I may have all labours, dangers accustomed. [That I am
Est non consilium,
accustomed to all labours and dangers.] It is not (my) design,

Quirites, uti quae faciebam ante vestra

Romans, that what (things) I did do [before] (as) your

beneficia gratuitd,
benefits gratuitously, [before I received any reward from yon,]
22

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254 6ALLU8TII JUGURTHA.

de8eram ea, mercede accepta. Est difficile

I may desert those, a reward being received. It is difficult

illis temperare in potestatibus,

for those to govern in authorities, [to act with moderation in

qui simulavSre sese probos per

power,] who have pretended themselves honest through

ambitionem; vertit in naturam jam ex

ambition it has turned into nature now from

consuetudine mihi benefacere, qui egi omnem

custom for me to act-well, who have acted (spent) all

aetatem in optumis artibus. Jussistis

(my) age in the best arts [pursuits]. You have ordered

me gerere bellum cum Jugurtha ;

quam rem
me to carry-on the war with Jugurtha; which thing

nobilitas tulit aegerrumfc. Reputate, quaeso, cum

the nobility has borne most-hardly. Consider, I pray, with

vestris animis, num sit melius id mutari, si

your minds, whether it may be better that to be changed, if

mittatis quern ex illo globo nobilitatis ad hoc,

ye may send any out-of that band of the nobility to this,

aut aliud tale negotium, hominem veteris prosapiae,

or other such business, a man of old stock,

ac multarum imaginum, et nullius stipendii;

and of many statues, and of no military-service;

scilicet ut in tantfi; re, ignarus omnium,

forsooth that in so-great an affair, ignorant of all (things),

trepidet, festinet, sumat aliquem monitorem

he may tremble, may hurry, may take some admonisher

sui officii ex populo. Evenit ita plerumque;

of his dnty out-of the* people. It has happened so generally;

ut is, quern vos jussistis imperare, quaerat

that he, whom you have ordered to command, may seek
alium imperatorem sibi. At ego scio, Quirites,
another commander for himself. But I know, Romans,

qui postquam facti-sunt consules, coeperint

(those) who after-that they were made consuls, may have begun
legere acta majorum, et militaria
to read the deeds of (their) ancestors, and the military

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 255

praecepta Graecorum; prseposteri homines! Nam

precepts of the Greeks ; the preposterous men For

est posterius tempore, prius re atque usu,

it is later in time, (bat) sooner in fact and experience,

genere qu&m fieri.

to carry-on (an office) than to be made (an officer). [Qualifications

and experience ought to precede the election of any one to the consul-

Comparate. me
ship, if it is to be advantageous to the republic] Compare me
nunc, Quirites, novum hominem, cum superbi&
now, Romans, a new man, with the pride

illorum. Quae illi solent audire et legere,

of them. What (things) they are accustomed to hear and to read,

egomet vidi partem eorum; gessi alia';

I-myself have seen part of them ; I have carried-on others

quae illi litteris ego didici ea

what they (have learned) by letters I have learned those (things)

militando. Nunc existumate vos facta an

by serving-in-war. Now think ye (whether) deeds or

dicta sint pluris. . Contemnunt meam

words may be of more '
(value). They despise my
novitatem, ego, ignaviam illorum. Fortuna
newness (obscurity), I, the inactivity of them. (My) fortune

mihi, probra objectantur illis.

(is objected) to me, (their) disgraces are objected to them.

Quamquam ego existumo naturam omnium unam et

Although I think the nature of all one and

communem, sed quemque fortissumum

common, but (I think) each bravest (man)

generosissumum. Ac si posset jam quaeri

the most-noble. And if it might be-able now to be inquired

ex patribus Albini aut Bestiae, ne

.from the fathers of Albinus or of Bestia, whethor

. maluerint me an illos gigni ex se;

they may have-rather me or them to be begotten of themselves;

quid creditis responsuros, nisi, sese

what believe ye (them) about-to-answer, unless, themselves

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250 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

voluisse liberos, quam optumos? Quod

to have willed children, as the best (the best possible) ? But
si despiciunt me jure; faciant idem suis
if they despise me by right; let them do the same to their

majoribus; quibus nobilitas coepit ex virtute,

ancestors; to whom (their) nobility has begun out-of valour,

uti mihi. Invident meo honori; ergo invideant

as tome. They envy to my honour; therefore let them envy

labori, innocentiae, meis periculis etiam

to {my) labour, integrity, tomy dangers also;

quoniam cepi ilium per hsec. Verum

since I have received that (honour) by these. But (those)

homines corrupti superbia agunt aetatem

men corrupted by pride act (spend) age [their life]

ita, quasi contemnant vestros honores;

so, as-if they may despise [as if they despised] your honours

petunt hos, quasi vixerint honest &.

'
they seek these (honours), as-if they may have lived honourably.

Nse illi sunt falsi, qui expectant pariter

Truly they are deceived, who expect equally

diversissumas res, voluptatem ignaviae, et

the most-different things, the pleasure of inactivity, and

praemia virtutis. Atque etiam ciim faciunt verba

the rewards of valour. And also when they make words

apud vos aut in senatu,

among you [when they speak before you] or in the senate,

extollunt suos majores pler&que oratione; putant

they praise their ancestors in most-of the speech; they think

sese clariores memorando fortia facta eorum;

themselves more-iUustrious by recording the brave deeds of them ;

quod est contrsi. Nam quanto vita

which is on-the-contrary. For by how-much the life

illorum prueclarior, tan to socordia horum

of them (was) more-illustrious, by so-much the indolence of these (is)

flagitiosior. Et profectS res habet se ita:

more-criminal. And truly the thing has itself thus

gloria majorum est quasi lumen posteris,

the glory of ancestors is as-if a light to (their) posterities,

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 257

neque patitur bona neque mala eorum

nor Buffers the good nor evil (qualities) of them (to remain)

in occulto. Ego, Quirites, patior inopiam hujusce

in secret I, Romans, suffer the want of this

rei. Verum licet mihi

thing. [Of having illustrious ancestors.] But it is-lawful fur me
dif»ere meamet facta, id quod est multo prseclarius.
to say my own deeds, that which is by much more-illustrious.

Nunc videte qu&m iniqui sint. Quod

Now see how unjust they may be (they are). What
arrogant sibi ex alien & virtute, concedunt
they ussume to themselves from others' valour, they grant

non id mihi ex mea; scilicet, quia habeo

not that to me out-of ray-own ; forsooth, because I have

non imagines, et quia n6va nobilitas est

not images (statues), and because a new nobility is

mihi; quam certfe est melius peperisse qu&m

for me ; which surely it is better to have produced than

corrupisse acceptam. Equidem ego ignoro non,

to have spoiled (it) received. Indeed I am ignorant not,
6i velint jam respofflere mihi, orationem
if they may will now to answer to me, a speech

abundfe facundam et compositam fore

abundantly eloquent and composed (laboured) to be about-to-be

illis. Sed, cim in vestro

to them. [Will be at their command.] But, when [amidst your

maxumo benificio lacerent me que vos

most ample favour] they may tear (they revile) me and you

maledictis omnibus locis, placuit non reticere,

with reproaches in aU places, it has pleased (me) not to be- silent,

ne quis duceret modestiam in conscientiam.

lest any-one might lead (construct) moderation into consciousness.

Nam quidem nulla oratio potest laedere me, ex

For indeed no speech is-able to injure me, according-to

sententid mei animi. Quippe, est necesse vera

the opinion of my mind. Because, it is necessary a true (speech)

prajdicet benfc; vita que mei

may declare well ; [must speak well of me ;] (my) life and my
22*

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258 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

mores superant falsam. Sed quoniam

manners overcome (are above) a false (one). But since

vestra consilia accusantur, qui imposuistis

your counsels are accused, who have placed (conferred)

summum honorem et maxumum negotium mihi

the highest honour and the greatest business to (on) me;
reputate etiam atque etiam num id
revolve also and also (again and again) whether that

sit poenitendum. Possum non ostentare imagines

may be to-be-repented. I am-able not to display statues

neque triumphos aut consulatus meorum majorum

nor triumphs or the consulships of my ancestors

causs& fidei
by cause (for the sake) of faith (proof); [in order to obtain your confi-

at si res postulet hastas,

dence;] but if tbe thing may require (I can display) spears,

vexillum, phaleras, alia militaria dona, praeterea

a standard, trappings, other military gifts, besides

cicatrices advorso corpore. Hae sunt mese

scars in opposite (front) body. These are my
imagines, haec n^iilitas, non relicta
statues, this (my) nobility, not left [to me]
haereditate, ut ilia illis, sed quae ego qnaesivi
by inheritance, as those to them, but which I have sought

meis plurimis laboribus et periculis. Mea verba

by my very-many labours and dangers. My words
sunt non composita
are not composed; [they sny my language is not polished;]

facio id parvi virtus ipsa ostendit

I make (regard) that of little (consequence) ; virtue herself shows
se satis ; est opus illis artificio uti
herself sufficiently ; tbere is need to them with (of) artifice that

tegant turpia facta oratione. Neque didici

they may cover shameful deeds by speech. Nor have I learned

Graecas litteras. Placebat parum dicer

Greek letters (literature). It did please (me) little to learn

eas, quippe quae profuerunt nihil

those (letters), forsooth which profited nothing to (their)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 259

doctoribus ad virtutem. At
teachers to valour. [To make them brave men.] But

doctus-sum ilia multo optuma reipublicae

I have been taught those (things) by much the best for the state;

ferire hostem, agitare praesidia, metuere

to strike an enemy, to agitate (mount) guards, to fear

nihil, nisi turpem famam; pati hicmem ct

nothing, unless a baso character; to suffer winter and

aestatem juxta ; requiescere humi ; tolerare inopiam

summer alike; to rest on the ground; to endure want

et laborem eodem tempore. Ego hortabor milites

and labour in the same time. I will exhort the soldiers

his praeceptis; neque colam illos arctfc,

by these precepts; neither shall I treat them strictly (parsiino-

me opulenter; neque faciam laborem

niously), myself richly; nor shall I make the labour

illorum meam gloriam. Hoc est utile, hoc civile

of them my glory. This is useful, this citizen-like

imperium. Namque, cum tute agas per

authority. For, when thou-thysclf mayest act by

mollitiem, cogere excrcitum

softness (remissness), [in luxury and indulgence,] to force nn army

supplicio, id est esse dominum,

by punishment, [to perform its duties,] that is to be a despot,

non imperatorem. Vestri majores, faciundo haec

not a commander. Your ancestors, by doing these

atque talia, celebravSre que se que

and like (things), have distinguished both themselves and

rcmpublicam. Quis nobilitas freta, ipsa dissimilis

the state. On whom the nobility relying, itself unlike

moribus, contemnit nos aemulos illorum ; et repetit

in manners, despises us the rivals of them ; and seeks

omnes honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos

all honours not according-to merit, but as-if due

a vobis. Caeterum superbissumi homines errant

[from you]. But these most-haughty men mistuko

procul. Majores eorum reliqu&re illis omnia,

far. The ancestors of them left to them all (things;

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260 8ALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

qu® licebafr, divitias, imagines, praeclaram

which it was-lawfu), riches, statues, an illustrious

memoriam sibi reliquSre non virtutem;

memory of themselves ; they have left not virtue;

neque poterant : ea sola neque datur neque

nor were they able : that alone neither is given nor

accipitur dono. Aiunt me sordidum et

is received by gift They say me (to be) mean and

incultis moribus; quia exorno convivium

with uncultivated manners because I adorn a banquet

Earum scite; neque habeo ullum histrionem neque

tile skilfully ; neither have I any buffoon nor

coquum pluris pretii qu&m villicum: quae

cook of more price than (my) steward: which (charges)

lubet mihi, Quirites, confiteri. Nam accepi

it pleases to me, Romans, to confess. For I have received

ita, et ex meo parente et ex aliis Sanctis

(heard) so, both from my parent and from other reverend

viris, munditias convenire mulieribus, laborem viris,

men, refinements to suit to women, labour to men,

que plus gloriae qu&m divitiarum oportere esse

and more of glory than of riches to behove (ought) to be

omnibus bonis: arma, non supellectilem, esse

to all good (men) : arms, not furniture, to be

decori. Quin, ergo, faciant id semper quod

for ornament But, therefore, let them do that always which

juvat, quod aestumant carum: ament,

delights (them), which they value dear : let them love,

potent: ubi habuSre adolescentiam, ibi

let them drink : where they have had (their) youth, there

agant senectutem, in conviviis, dediti

let them act (spend) old-age, in banquets, devoted

ventri, et turpissimse parti corporis; relinquant

to the belly, and to the basest part of the body; let them leave

sudorem, pulverem, et alia talia nobis, quibus

sweat, dust, and other such (things) to us, to whom
ilia sunt jucundiora epulis. Verum est
those (things) are more-pleasant (than) feasts. But it is

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 261

non ita. Nam ubi turpissimi viri dedecoravere

not so. For when the basest men have disgraced

se omnibus flagitiis, emit ereptum prgemia

themselves with all infamies, they go to snatch-away' the rewards

bonorum. Ita luxuria et ignavia, pessumae artes,

of the good. Thus luxury and indolence, the worst arts

injustissimS officiunt nihil illis, qui

(qualities), inost-unjustly injure nothing to those, who
colu§re eas; sunt cladi innoxiae
have cultivated them; they are for destruction to the innocent

reipublicse. Nunc quoniam respondi illis,

state. Now since I have answered to them,

quantum mei mores, non flagitia illorum

as-inuch-as my manners, not the infamies of them

poscebant; loquar pauca de republic*!.

did require; I shall speak a few (words) concerning the state.

Primum omnium, Quirites, habete bonum animum

First of all, Romans, have a good mind

de Numidia; nam removistis omnia

(spirit) concerning Numidia; for you have removed all (things)

quae tutata-sunt Jugurtham ad hoc tempus,

which have protected Jugurtha to this time, (viz.)

avaritiam, imperitiam, superbiam. Deinde exercitus

avarice, unskilfulness, pride. Then the army
ibi, est sciens locorum,
there, is knowing of the places, [acquainted with the localities,]

sed mehercule magis strenuus quam felix: nam

but by-Hercules more brave than fortunate: for

magna pars ejus attrita-est avariti& aut

a great part of it has been wasted by the avarice or

temeritate ducum. Quamobrem, vos, quibus

by the rashness of the commanders. Wherefore, you, to whom
militaris setas est, adnitimini mecum, et capessite
a military age is, strive wjth me, and take-in-hand

rempublicam; neque metus ceperit

the state neither fear may have taken (let-it-take)

quemquam ex
any-one [neither let fear take possession of any one] from

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262 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

calamitate aliorum, aut superbift imperatorum.

the misfortune of others, or from tho pride of-commanders.

Egomet adero vobiscum in agmine, idem

I-niyself shall be-present with you on the march, the same (your)

consultor in praelio, et socius periculi

adviser in battle, and the companion of the danger [with you]

que geram me que vos juxt& in omnibus

and I shall condnct myself and you alike in all

rebus. Et profecto, diis juvantibus, omnia

things. And truly, the gods assisting, all (things)

sunt matura, victoria prseda, laus: si quae

are ripe, victory booty, praise: if which (things)

essent dubia, aut procul, tamen, decet omnes

might be (were) doubtful, or far-off, yet, it becomes all

bonos subvenire reipublicse. Etenim nemo

good (men) to aid to the state. For no-one

factus (est) immortalis ignavia : neque quisquam

has been made immortal - by indolence : nor any

parens optavit liberis, uti forent seterni

parent has wished for (his) children, that they might be everlasting

magis utl exigerent vitam boni que honesti.

rather that they might spend life (as) good and honest (men).

Dicerem plura, Quirites, si verba adderent virtutem

I would say more, Romans, if words might add valour

timidis: nam puto abundfe dictum strenuis-"

to the fearful : for I think abundantly said for the brave."

Oratione hujuscemodi habit£, postquam Marius

A speech of this-kind being held, after-that Marius

videt animos plebis arrectos, onerat naves

sees the minds of the common-people roused, he loads ships

proper^ commeatu, stipendio, armis, que aliis

speedily with provision, with pay, with arms, and with other

utilibus jubet A. Manlium, legatum,

useful (things) : he orders Aulus Manlius, (his) lieutenant,

proficisci cum his. Ipse, interea, scribere

to set-out with these. Himself, (began) meanwhile, to write (levy)

milites, non more majorum, neque ex

soldiers, not in the manner of (our) ancestors, nor acoording-to

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 263

classibus, sed uti libido cujusque erat,

classes (tribes), but as the desire of every-one was,

plerosque censos capite.

most (of thein) registered by the head (nominal citizens). [Most

Alii
of them were of the sixth or poorest class of citizens.] Others

memorabant id factum (esse) inopi£ bonorum,

did relate that to have been done from want of good (men),

alii per ambitionem consulis; qudd

others throngh the ambition cf the consul because

celebratus-erat que auctus ab eo genere;

he had been distinguished and increased by that kind (of people)

[because he owed his reputation and advancement to office principally to

et quisque egentissumus
that class of people ;] and every most-needy (person) (was)

opportunissumus homini quaerenti potentiam; cui

most-suitable to a man seeking power; to whom
sua sunt neque curse, quippe nulla
his-own (things) are neither for a care, because (he has) none

quae, et omnia videntur honesta cum

which (exist), and all (things) seem honourable with

pretio. Igftur, Marius profectus in

a price (reward). Therefore, Marius" having set-out into

Africam cum majore numero aliquanto qu&m

Africa with a greater number by something than

decretum-erat, advehitur Uticam paucis diebus.

had been decreed, is borne to Utica in a few days.

Exercitus traditur ei k P. Rutilio legato.

The army is delivered-up to him by Publius Rutilius the lieutenant

Nam Metellus fugerat conspectum Marii; ne

For Metellus had avoided the sight of Marius; lest

videret ea quae audita animus

he might see those (things) which being heard (his) mind

nequiverat tolerare. Sed consul, legionibus que

had been unable to endure. But the consul, the legions and

auxiliariis cohortibus expletis, proficiscitur in

auxiliary cohorts being filled-up, sets -out into

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264 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

fertilem agrum, et onustum praed£. Donat

a fertile land, and loaded with booty. He presents

omnia capta ibi militibus: dein aggreditur

all (things) taken there to the soldiers : then he attacks

castella et oppida parum munita naturft et viris

the castles and towns little fortified by nature and by men

facere multa praelia, cseterum alia levia

(he began) to make many battles, but other light (ones)

aliis locis. Interim, novi milites

in other (different) places. Mean-time, the new soldiers (began)

adesse pugnge sine metu; videre fugientes capi

tu be-present to battle without fear; to see the fleeing to be taken

aut occidi; quemque fortissumum tutissumum:

or to be slain; every bravest (man) the safest:

liber tatem, patriam, que parentes, et omnia alia

liberty, country, and parents, and all other

tegi armis : gloriam atque divitias

(things) to be protected by arms glory and riches

quceri. Sic brevi spatio,

to be sought (acquired) [thereby]. Thus in a short space (time),

novi que veteres coalu§re, et virtus omnium

the new and the old (soldiers) coalesced, and the valour of all

facta (est) aequalis. At ubi reges cognoverunt de

was made equal. But when the kings knew of

adventu Marii, abeunt diversi in diflSciles

the arrival of Marius, they depart different (apart) into difficult

locos. Ita, placuerat Jugurthae, spcranti hostes

places. Thus, it had pleased to Jugurtha, hoping the enemies

mox effusos, posse invadi; Romanos, sicuti

by-and-by scattered, to be-able to be attacked ; the Romans, so-as

plerosque, metu remoto, futuros laxius

most (persons), fear being removed, about-to-be more-remissly

que licentiiis. Interea, Metellus profectus

and more-licentiously. Mean-time, Metellus having set-out

Romam, accipitur laetissumis animis contra suam

to Rome, is received with most-joyful minds against his

spem: juxta carus plebi que patribua

hope: equally dear to the common-people and to the fathers

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 6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 265

postquam invidia decesserat. Sed Marias

after- that the odium had departed. But Mariug (began)

attendere pariter impigrfc que prudenter res

to observe equally actively and prudently the affairs

suorum et hostium: cognoscere quid boni

of his-own (men) and of the enemies : to know what of good

esset utrisque, aut contra: explorare itinera

might be to each, or otherwise : to reconnoitre the routes

regum, antevenire consilia et insidias

of the kings, to come-before (prevent) the designs and snares

eorum: pati nihil remissum apud se, neque

of them : to allow nothing negligent with himself, nor

tutum apud illos. Itaque, aggressus

safe with them [the kings]. Therefore, having attacked

saepfc et Gsetulos et Jugurtham agentes

often both the Gaetuli and Jugurtha acting (driving)

praedas ex nostris sociis, fuderat itinere,

booties from our allies, he had routed (them) on the march,

que exuerat regem ipsum haud procul ab

and had stripped the king himself not far from

Cirt& armis.
Cirta from (of his) arms. [Compelled him to fly with loss of arms.]

Quae postquam cognovit mod6 gloriosa,

Which (things) after-that he knew (to be) only glorious,

neque belli patrandi, statuit

nor (a means) of the war to-be-accomplished, he determined

circumvenire singulas urbes, quae erant

to surround each -of the cities, which were

opportunissumae viris, aut loco pro hostibus,

most-convenient in men, or in place (situation) for the enemies,

et advorsum se; ita Jugurtham aut

and against himself; thus Jugurtha either (would be)

nudatum praesidiis, si pateretur ea,

stripped from (of) the garrisons, if he should suffer those (things),

aut certaturum praelio. Nam Bocchus saepfc miserat

or about-to-contend in battle. For Bocchus often had sent

nuncios ad eum, u velle amicitiam

messengers to him, " to will [saying, that he wished] the friendship

23

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266 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Romani populi, ne-timeret quid

of the Roman people, (that) it might not-fear any (thing)

hostile ab se." Exploratum-est pariim, ne

hostile from himself." It has been discovered little, whether

simulaverit id, quft improvisus

he may have pretended that, in-order-that (being) unexpected

accederet gravior, an mobilitate ingenii,

he might come -on more-heavy, or. from fickleness of disposition,

solitus mutare pacem atque bellum. Sed

being accustomed to change peace and war. But

consul adire oppida que munita cast ell a,

the consul (began) to approach the towns and fortified castles,

uti statuerat; avortere alia partim vi,

as he had determined ; to turn-away (alienate) others partly by force,

alia metu, aut ostentando prfemia ab hostibus.

others by fear, or by displaying rewards from the enemy.

Ac prim6 gerebat mediocria, existumans

And at-first he did carry-on moderate (things), thinking

Jugurtham venturum in manus ob

Jugurtha abont-to-come into (his) hands on-account-of

tutandos suos.
protecting his-own (people). [Would come in his power, by being forced

Sed ubi accepit ilium

to protect his own people.] But when he received (heard) him
abesse procul, et intentum aliis negotiis,
to he-distant far, and intent to (on) other affairs,

visum-est tempus aggredi majora et magis aspera.

it seemed time to attempt greater and more rough

Erat magnum atque valens

(difficult things). There was a great and prevailing (powerful)

oppidum, nomine Capsa, inter ingentes solitudines;

town, by name Capsa, among great deserts

conditor cujus memorabatur Libys Hercules.

the founder of which was recorded [to be] the Libyan Hercules.

Cives ejus habebantur immunes apud Jugurtham,

The citizens of it were held free with Jugurtha,

levi imperio, et fidelissumi ob ea

(under) light government, and most faithful on-account-of those (things):

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&ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 267

muniti advorsum hostes, non modo moenibus, et

fortified against enemies, not only by walls, and

armis, atque viris, verum etiam multd magis

by arms, and by men, but also by-much more

asperitate . locorum. Nam praeter

by the roughness (difficulty) of the places. For except (the places)

propinqua oppido, omnia vasta, inculta,

near to the town, all (were) desert, uncultivated,

egentia aquae, infesta serpentibus, vis quarum

wanting of water, infested by serpents, the violence of which (is)

acrior inopia cibi, sicuti omnium ferarum: ad

more-sharp from want of food, so-a* of aU wild- beasts : to

hoc, natura ipsa serpentium perniciosa,

this (besides), the nature itself of serpents (being) destructive,

accenditur magis siti quam alifi re.

is inflamed more by thirst than by (any) other thing.

Maxima cupido potiundi ejus invaserat

A very-great desire of possessing of it [Capsa] had seized

Marium, ciim propter usum belli,

Marius, as-well on-account-of the use (convenience) of the war,

turn quia res videbatur aspera: et

then (as) because the thing did seem rough : (arduous) : and

Metellus ceperat oppidum Thalam magna* gloria*,

Metellus had taken the town Thala with great glory,

situm que* munitum haud dissimiliter ; nisi quod

situate and fortified not differently; unless that

aliquot fontes erant non longfc a moenibus apud

some fountains were not far from the walls at

Thalam : Capsenses utebantur una jugi

Thala the Capsenses did use one continual (ever-flowing)

aqu£ modo, atque e& intra

[one never-failing spring of] water only, and that within

oppidum, csetera pluvifi. Id

the town, the rest [they used was] rain (water). That

tolerabatur facilius, ed, que ibi et in omni

was endured more easily, therefore, both there and in all

AfricS, quae agebat incultifis procul k mari,

Africa, which did act (live) more-rudely far from the sea,

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268 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

quia Numidae vescebantur plerumque lacte

because the Numidians did feed generally with (on) milk

et ferin& came, neque quaerebant salem, neque

and with wild flesh, nor did they seek salt, nor

alia irritamenta guise. Cibqs erat illis

other incitements of the throat (luxury). Food was to them

advorsum famem atque sitim, non lubidini neque

against hunger and thirst, not for pleasure nor

luxuriae. Igitur, omnibus exploratis, consul,

for luxury. Therefore, all (things) being reconnoitred, the consul,

credo, fretus Diis (abl.\ nam poterat non

I believe, relying on the Gods, for he was-able nut

providere satis contra tantas difficultates consilio:

to provide sufficiently against so-great difficulties by counsel

quippe tentabatur etiam inopiS frumenti,

because he was tried [threatened] also with want of corn,

quod Numidse student pabulo pecoris magis

because the Numidians study for the food of cattle mure

quam arvo,
than for the land, [because the Numidians are more occupied with

et contulerant jussu regis

cattle, than with tillage,] and they had carried [by order of the king]

in munita loca quodcunque natum-fuerat : autem

into fortified places whatsoever had been produced but

ager aridus, et vacuus frugum e& tfempestate;

the land (was) dry, and empty of fruits in that time

nam erat extremum restatis; tamen, exornat

for it was the last of summer; however, he furnishes (himself)

providenter satis pro copi& rei:

providently enough according-to the opportunity of the thing:

attribuit omne pecus, quod fuerat prsedje

he assigns all the cattle, which had been for booty

superioribus diebus, agendum auxiliaribus

in the former days, to-be-acted (driven) by the auxiliary

equitibus; jubet A. Manlium, legatum, ire

horsemen; he orders Aulus Manlius, (his) lieutenant, to go

cum expeditis cohortibus ad oppidum Laris, ubi

with the light-armed cohorts to the town of Laris, where

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locaverat stipendium et commeatum que : dicit se

he had placed pay and provision : and he says himself

venturum eddem, praedabundum, post paucos

about-to-come to the same (place), plundering, after a few

dies. Sic suo incepto occultato, pergit ad

days. Thus his undertaking being concealed, he proceeds to

flumen Tanam. Caeterum distribuerat quotidie in

the river Tana. But he had distributed daily on

itinere pecus exercitui per centurias, item sequaliter

the march cattle to the army by - hundreds, also regularly

turmas
(by) companies ; [by companies of infantry, and proportion ably by troops

et curabat, uti utres fierent ex

of cavalry;] and did take-care, that bladders might be made out-of

coriis: simul, et lenire inopiam frumenti,

hides at-the-same-time, both to mitigate the want of corn,

et omnibus ignaris, parare quae forent mox

and jail (being) ignorant, to prepare what might be by -and -by

usui: denique, cum ventum-est ad flumen sexto

for use : finally, when it was come to the river in the sixth

die, maxuma vis utrium effecta (est). Ibi

day, a very-great force (quantity) of bladders was completed. There

castris positis levi munimento, jubet milites

the camps being placed with a slight defenoe, he orders the soldiers

capere cibum, atque esse paratos, uti egrederentur

to take food, and to be prepared, that they should go-out

cum occasu solis ; omnibus sarcinis abjectis,

with the setting of the sun ; all the baggages being cast-away,

onerare que se et jumenta modd aqufi.

to load both themselves and the beasts-of-burden only with water.

Dein, postquam tempus visum (est), egreditur

Then, after-that the time seemed (fit), he goes-out

castris ; que itinere facto totam noctem,

from the camps ; and the march beidg made the whole night,

consedit: facit idem proxumfi. Dein

he sat-down (encamped): he does the same on the next. Afterwards

pervenit tertifi, multo ante adventum

be arrived on the third (day), by much before the coming

23*

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270 8ALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

lucis, in tumulosum locum, intervallo non

of light (day), into a hilly place, in an interval (of) not

amplius duum millium ab CapsS; que opperitur

more (than) of two miles from Capsa; and waits

ibi quam-occultissume potest cum omnibus copiis.

there * as-secrctly-as he is able with all the forces.

Sed ubi dies coepit, et multi Numidae, metuentes

But when day began, and many Numidians, fearing

nihil hostile, egressi (sunt) oppido, jubet repentS

nothing hostile, came-out from the town, he orders suddenly

omnem equitatum et velocissumos pedites tendere

all the cavalry and the swiftest infantry to proceed

cursu ad Capsam, et obsidere portas : deinde,

in a race (haste) to Capsam, and to block-up the gates afterwards, :

ipse intentus sequi proper^, neque sinere

himself prepared (began) to follow speedily, nor to permit

milites prsedare. Quae, postquam

[nor did he permit] the soldiers to plunder. Which (things), after-that

oppidani cognovere, trepidae res, ingens metus,

the townsmen knew, the fearful things, great fear,

improvisum malum, ad hoc pars civium

an unforeseen evil, to this (besides) part of the citizens

extra moenia in potestate hostium, coegere

without the walls in the power of the enemies, compelled (them)

uti facerent deditionem. Caeterum oppidum

that they should make a surrender. But the town

incensum (est) ;
puberes Numidae interfecti ; omnes
was set-on-fire the adult Numidians killed; all

alii venumdati; praeda divisa militibus. Id

the others sold; the booty divided to the soldiers. That
facinus contra jus belli admissum (est) non
crime against the right (law) of war was committed not

avaritiS, neque scelere consulis; sed quia

from avarice, nor' by the wickedness of the consul; but because

locus opportunus Jugurthae, difficilis aditu

the place (was) convenient for Jugurtha, difficult in access

nobis: genus hominum mobile, infidum,

toot: the kind of men (was) fickle, faithless,

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6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 271

coercitum antS neque beneficio neque metu.

restrained before neither by kindness nor by fear.

Postqua^n Marius, magnus et clarus ante&,

After-that Marius, great and illustrious before,

patravit tantam rem sine ullo incommodo

accomplished so-great a thing without any inconvenience

suorum, coepit haberi major atque

of his-own (troops), he began to be accounted greater and

clarior: omnia non ben& consulta

more-illustrious all (things) not well planned

trahebantur in virtutem. Milites habiti

were drawn (construed) into valour. The soldiers held

modesto imperio, et simul locupletes,

in moderate authority, and at-the-same-time wealthy, (began)

ferre ad coelum ; Numidae timere

to bear (extol him) to heaven; the Numidians (began) to fear (hiui)

magis quam mortalem ;

postremd, omnes socii atque
more than mortal; lastly, all the allies and

hostes credere, aut divinam mentem esse illi, ant

enemies to believe, either a divine mind to be to him, or

cuncta portendi nutu deornm.

all (things) to be foreboded by the nod of the gods. [By the will of

Sed, ubi ea res evenit bene, consul

the gods.] But, when that thing happened well, the consul

pergit ad alia oppida: capit pauca, Numidis

proceeds to other towns: betakes a few, the Numidians

repugnantibus ; corrumpit igni plura deserta

resisting; destroys by fire more deserted

propter miserias Capsensium: omnia

on-account-of the misfortunes of the Capsenses all (thing*)

complentur luctu atque csede. Denique,

are filled with mourning and with slaughter. Finally,

potitus multis locis, (abl.) ac plerisque

having possessed many places, and most (of them)

incruento exercitu, aggreditur aliam rem, non

with a bloodless army, he attempts another thing, not

eadem asperitate qu& Capensium,

with the same roughness (danger) with which (the affair) of the Capsenses,

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272 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

caeteriim haud secus difficilem. Namque haud

but nut otherwise (less) difficult. For not

longS sl flumine MuluchS, quod disjungebat regnum

for from the river Mulucha, which did separate the kingdom

Jugurthse que BocGhi, erat saxeus mons inter

of Jugurtha and of Bocchus, there was a stony mountain between

cseteram planitiem, satis patens,

the rest-of [in the midst of] a plain, sufficiently opening (wide),

mediocri castello, editus in-immensum, uno

[on top,] with a moderate castle, elevated immensely, one

perangusto aditu relicto : nam omnis natura

very-narrow approach being left : for all the nature (of the

(erat) praeceps, velut opere atque consulto.

place) was steep, as-if by work and by design.

Quern locum Marius intendit capere summ&

Which place Marius resolves to take with the highest (utmost)

vi, qu6d thesauri regis erant ibi: sed ea res

force, because the treasures of the king were there : but that thing

gesta (est) melius forte quam consilio. Nam

was carried-on better by chance than by counsel. For
satis magna vis virorum atque
(there was) a sufficiently great force of men and
armorum, et frumenti castello, et fons aquae,
of arms, and of corn in the castle, and a fountain of water,

locus importunus aggeribus que turribus, et aliis

the place troublesome by ramparts and by towers, and by other

machinationibus
engines ; [the place unfit for mounds and towers, and other engines of war;]

iter castellanorum admodiim angustum,

the road of the castle-defenders very narrow,

prsecisum utrimque: vineae agebantur

cut-across on-either-side: mantelets were acted (put in motion)

frustril cum ingenti periculo. Nam cum ese

in-vain with great danger. For when those

processerant paulld, corrumpebantur igni aut

had advanced a little, they were destroyed by fire or
lapidibus: milites neque consistere pro
by stones the soldiers (were able) neither to stand before

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opere, propter iniquitatem loci; neque

the work, on-account-of the unevenness of the place; nor'

administrare inter vineas sine periculo: quisque

to manage between the mantelets without danger: every

optumus cadere aut sauciari; metus

best (man) (continued) to fall or to be wounded fear

augeri caeteris. At Marius, multis diebug et

to be increased to the rest. But Marius, many days and

laboribus consumptis, anxius trahere

labours being wasted, solicitous (began) to draw (ponder)

cum suo animo, ne omitteret inceptum,

with his mind, whether he should omit the undertaking,

quoniam erat frustra; an opperiretur fortunam,

since it was in-vain; or he should wait-for fortune,

quS {all.) usus-fuerat sfepfe prosper^.

which he had used (experienced) often successfully.

Quae, cilrn sestuans, agitaret

Which (things), when boiling (perplexed), he might (did) deliberate

multos dies que noctes, quidam Ligus, gregarius-miles

many days and nights, a certain Ligurian, a common-soldier

ex auxiliariis cohortibus, egressus castris

out-of the auxiliary cohorts, having gone-out from the camps

aquatum, animadvertit cochleas repentes inter

to water, perceived snails creeping among
saxa, haud procul ab latere castelli, quod erat
the stones, not far from the side of the castle, which was

avorsum prseliantibus ;
quarum cum
turned-away from (those) fighting of which [snails] when
peteret unam atque alteram, dein plures,
he might (did) seek one and another, then more,

studio legundi, egressus-est paullatim propS ad

from a desire of gathering, he went by-degrees nearly to

summum montis. Ubi, postquam intellexit

the highest (point) of the mountain. Where, after- that he perceived

solitudinem, vortit animum

a desert, [deserted place,] he turned (conceived) a mind

visundi ignara more human® cupidinis.

of going-to-see unknown (things) in the manner of human desire.

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274 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Et fortfc grandis ilex coaluerat in eo loco

And by chance a large holm-oak had grown-up '
in. that place

inter saxa, mod6 paullulum prona, dein

among the rocks, now (in part) a little bent, then

inflexa, atque aucta in altitudinem, quo natura

curved, and increased into height, whither naturo

fert cuncta gignentium; ramis cujus

carries all of growing (things) ; to the branches of which

modo, nisus, "modd eminentibus saxis,

one-time, haying leaned, one-time to the projecting rocks,

Ligus perscribit planitiem castelli; quod

the Ligurian writes-out (observes) the plain of the castle ; because

cuncti Numidae aderant intenti praeliantibus.

all the Numidians were-present intent to (those) fighting.

Omnibus exploratis quae ducebat

All (things) being examined which he did lead (deem)

fore usui mox, regreditur e&dem,

to be about-to-be* for use by-and-by, he returns by the same (way),

non temerfe, uti ascenderat, sed tentans et

not rashly, as he had ascended, but trying and

circumspiciens omnia. Itaque adit Marium

looking-round-on all (things). Therefore he goes-to Marius

proper^; edocet acta; hortatur "tentet

quickly ,• informs (the things) done j exhorts (that) " he may attempt
castellum ab e& parte, qu£ ipse ascenderat
the castle from that part, by which himself had ascended

castellum; pollicetur sese ducem itineris que

the castle; he promises himself the guide of the journey and

periculi." Marius misit ex

of the danger." Marius sent (some) out-of (those)

presentibus cum Ligure cognitum promissa

present with the Ligurian to know the promises

ejus; quorum uti ingenium cujusque erat, ita

of him ; of whom as the disposition of each was, so

nunciavSre rem difficilem aut facilem. Tamen

they announced the thing difficult or easy. However
animus consulis paullum arrectus. Itaque
the mind of the consul (was) a little excited. Therefore

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 275

delegit ex copi& tubicinum et comicinum

he chose out -of the plenty (number) of trumpeters and bugle-men

quinque quam velocissumos, et quatuor centuriones

five as most-swift, and four centurions

cum his, qui forent praesidio; que jubet omnes

with these, who might be for a guard; and .orders all

parere Liguri; -et constituit proxumum diem

to obey to the Ligurian ; and appoints the-next day

ei negotio. Sed ubi tempus visum (est)

for that business. But when the time • seemed (proper)

ex praecepto, omnibus paratis que

according-to instruction, all (things) being prepared and
compositis, pergit ad locum. Caeteriim illi, qui
arranged, he proceeds to the place. But they, who
praeerant centuriis, praedocti ab duce,
were-over to the centuries, previously-instructed by the guide,

mutaverant arma que ornatum, capite atque

had changed (their) arms and uniform, the head and

pedibus nudis, uti prospectus que nisus per

feet (being) naked, that the view and climbing through

saxa foret facilius; gladii et scuta

(among) the rocks might be more-easy ;
(their) swords and shields

super terga; veriim ea

(were placed) upon (their) backs but those (shields were)

Numidica ex coriis, gratifi ponderis;

Numidian (made) out-of hides, by favour (on account) of the weight;

et simul qud offensa

and at-the-same-time in-order-that .(the things) struck-against

streperent levius. Igitur Ligus praegrediens,

might sound more-lightly. Therefore the Ligurian going-before,

vinciebat laqueis saxa, et si quad radices

did tie with ropes the rocks, and if any roots

eminebant vetustate, allevati quibus milites

did project from age, lifted by which the soldiera

ascenderent faciliiis; interdum levare

might ascend more-easily ; sometimes (he began) to lighten (assist)

manu timidos insolentiS. itineris;

by the hand the fearful from the unusualness of the way;

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276 BALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

mittere singulos (plur.) inermes prse se, iibi

to send each unarmed before himself, when

ascensus erat paullo asperiorj deinde ipse sequi

the ascent was a little more-rough; then himself to follow

cum armis illorum, tentare potissimum quae

with the nrini of them, to try very-particularly what

videbantur dubia nisui; ac ascendens

did seem doubtful for leaning (climbing) ; and ascending

ssepius eadem, que descendens, dein statim

ery-often by the same (way), and descending, then immediately

digrediens, addere audaciam caeteris. Igitur,

itepping-asido, to add boldness to the rest Therefore,

fatigati diu que multum, perveniunt tandem in

being fatigued long and much, they arrive at-length into

castellum, desertum ab c£ parte, quod omnes

the castle, deserted from (on) that part, because aU
aderant advorsum hostes, sicuti aliis diebus.
were-present against the enemies, so-as in other days.

Ubi Marius cognovit ex nunciis, quae

When Marius knew from messengers, what (things)

Ligus egerat, quamquam habuerat Numidas

the Ligurian had acted, although he hud had the Numidians

intentos praelio toto die, turn ver6

engaged to (on) the battle in the whole day, then truly

cohortatus milites, ipse et egressus extra

having exhorted the soldiers, himself also having gone out without

vineas, testudine acta,

the mantelets, a penthouse-engine being acted (put in motion), [the sol-

diers forming a testudo with their shields, over their beads and on their

(coepit) succedere, et simul, terrero

sides,] began to advance, and at-the-same-time, to affright

hostem tormentis que sagittariis, et

the enemy with shooting-engines and with archers, and
funditoribus eminus. At Numidaa, vineis
with slingers at-a-distance. But the Numidians, the mantelets

Romanorum subversis, item incensis saspS antea,

of the Romans being overthrown, also burned often before

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 277

tutabantur non sese moenibus castelli ; sed

did defend not themselves in the walls of the castle; but (continued)

agitare dies que noctes pro muro ; maledicere

to be-active days and nights before the wall; to rail

Romania, ac objectare vecordiam Mario;

to the Romans, and to object-often insanity to Marius

„ minari servitium Jugurthae nostris militibus;

to threaten the slavery of Jugurtha to our soldiers j

[and to threaten our soldiers, that they would become the slaves of

esse feroces secundis rebus. Interim,

Jugurtha^] to be fierce in favourable things. Mean-time,

omnibus Romanis que hostibus intends

all the Romans and the enemies (being) intent to (on)

praelio, his certantibus pro gloria atque imperio,

the battle, these [fighting] for glory and authority,

illis pro salute, magnS vi utrimque, signa

those for safety, with great force on-either-side, the signs

(coeperunt) canere repentfe & tergo

(trumpets) (began) to sing (sound) suddenly from the rear;

ac mulieres et pueri primo, qui processerant visum

and the women and boys first, who had gODe -forth to see

fugere; deinde uti quisque erat proxumus

(began) to free; then as every-one was nearest

muro; postremd, cuncti armati que inermes.

to the wall lastly, all the armed and unarmed.

Ubi quod accidit, Romani instare,

When which (thing) happened, the Romans (began) to press-on,

fundere ed acrius, ac tantummodd sauciare

to rout therefore more- vigorously, and only to wound

plerosque; dein vadere super corpora

most (of them); then to proceed ovtr the bodies

occisorum, avidi gloriae, certantes petere murum

of the slain, greedy of glory, contending to seek the wall;

neque prseda morari quemquam omnium.

nor plunder (was able) to delay any-one of all.

Sic temeritas Marii correcta forte, invenit

Thus the rashness of Marius being corrected by chance, found (acquired)
24

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278 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

gloriam ex culp&. Cseterum, dum ea res geritur,

glory from fault Bat, whilst that thing is carried-on,

L. Sulla quaestor venit in castra cum magno

Lucius Sylla (as) quaestor came into the camps with great (much)

equitatu; quod relictus-erat Romae, uti

cavalry j because [he] had been left at Rome, that

cogeret ex Latio, et k sociis. Sed

he might collect [them] out-of Latium, and from the allies. But

quoniam res admdnuit nos tanti viri,

since the thing (subject) has reminded us of so-great a man,

visum-est idoneum dicere paucis de natura

it has seemed proper to say in a few (words) about the nature

que cultu ejus. Enim neque sumus

(disposition) and education [habits] of him. For neither are we

dicturi de rebus Sullse alio loco; et

about- to-say of the affairs of Sylla in another place ; and

L. Sisenna persecutus optumfc et diligentissimfc

Lucius Sisenna having followed-up best and most-diligently

omnium, qui dixSre eas res, videtur

of all (those), who have said (treated) those things, seems

mihi locutus ore pariim libero.

to me having spoken with a mouth little (by no means) free.

Igitur
[His relation seems to me to have but little political freedom.] Therefore

Sulla fuit nobilis patricise gentis, famili&

Sylla was a noble (man) of patrician nation (family), the family

extinctfi, propfe ignavifi majorum, eruditus

being extinct nearly by the indolence of (his) ancestors, skilled

juxti atque doctissumfc Grsecis atque Latinis

alike and moet-leamedly in Greek and in Latin

litteris, ingenti animo, cupidus voluptatum, sed

letters, with a great mind, desirous of pleasures, but

cupidior gloriae; esse luxurioso otio;

more-desirous of glory ; (he was able) to be in luxurious ease

tamen voluptas nunquam

[luxurious when at leisure ;] however pleasure never

remorata (est) ab negotiis, nisi qu6d potuit

retarded (him) from (his) affairs, unless that it was-able

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 279

consuli nonestius de uxore:

to be consulted more honourably about (his) wife : [unless he had

consulted his own character more in matrimonial affairs:] (he was)

facundus, callidus, et facilis amicitia; incredibilis

eloquent, crafty, and easy in friendship ; an incredible

altitudo ingenii ad negotia simulanda;

depth of ability to affairs to-be-dissembled; [of concealing

largitor multarum rerum, ac maxumfe

his affairs;] a bestower of many things, and chiefly

pecuniae; atque felicissumo omnium ante

of money; and (being) most-fortunate of all before

civilem victoriam, fortuna fuit nunquam super

the civil victory, (his) fortune was never above (his)

industriam ; que multi dubitav§re esset

industry; and many have doubted (whether) he might be (he was)

fortior an felicior. Nam habeo incertum

more-brave or more-fortunate. For I have (it) doubtful

pudeat magis an pigeat disserere

(whether) it may shame [more] or may grieve (me) to discuss

quae fecerit posted. Igitur

what (things) he may have done (he did) afterwards. Therefore

postquam Sulla venit in Africam atque in castra

after- that Sylla came into Africa and into the camps

Marii, cum equitatu, uti dictum-est supra,

of Marius, [with the cavalry,] as has been said above, (being)

rudis anted, et ignarus belli, factus-est solertissumus

unskilled before and ignorant of war, he became most-intelligent

omnium in paucis tempestatibus.

[the most skilful soldier] of aU in a few seasons.

Ad-hoc appellare milites

[In a short time.] Besides (he was accustomed) to address the soldiers

ibenignS; dare beneficia multis rogantibus, ipse

kindly; to give benefits to many asking, himself

'(dare) aliis per se ; invitus accipere ; sed

|(to give) to others by himself; unwilling to receive (any); but

ireddere ea properantius, qu&m mutuum aes;

to return those more-quickly, than borrowed brass (a loan);

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280 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

ipse repetere ab nullo: laborare id magis,

himself to ask-again from no-one : to labour-for that more (rather),

ut qu&m-plurimi deberent illi : agere joca, atque

that as-many-as-possible should owe to him : to act jests, and

seria cum humillimis ; adesse multus in

serious (matters) with the humblest; to be present much in

operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias: neque

the works, on the troop (march), and at the watches nor

interim laedere famam consulis, aut cujusquam

mean -trine to injure the character of the consul, or of any

boni, quod prava ambitio solet:

good (man), which corrupt ambition is accustomed (to do)

tantummodd neque pati alium priorem

only neither to suffer (any) other former [to be before

consilio neque manu antevenire plerosque.

him] in counsel nor in hand (action) ; to outstrip most.

Quibus rebus et artibus,

[He excelled most others.] By which things and arts (qualities),

factus (est) brevi carissumus Mario que militibus.

he became shortly most-dear to Marius and to the soldiers.

At postquam, Jugurtha amiserat oppidum Capsam

But after-that, Jugurtha had lost the town Capsa

que alios munitos locos, et utiles sibi, et

and other fortified places, and useful to himself, and

simul magnam pecuniam, mittit nuncios ad

at-tbe-same-time great money, he sencjs messengers to

Bocchum, adduceret copias quam-primum

Bocchus, (that) he should lead-up (his) forces as-soon-as-possible

in Numidiam: tempus praelii faciundi adesse.

into Numidia the time of battle to-be-made to be-at-hand.

Quern, ubi accepit cunctari, dubium belli,

Whom, when he received (heard) to delay, doubtful of the war,

atque trabere rationes pacis: corrumpit

and to draw (to devise) reasons of peace: he corrupts (bribes)

rursus, ut ante&, proxumos ejus donis, que

again, as before, the nearest (friends) of him by gifts, and
pollicetur tertiam partem Numidiae Mauro ipsi, si
promises a third part of Numidia to the Moor himself, if

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 281

Romani expulsi Africfi, aut suis

the Romans (should be) driven-out from Africa, or his-own

fimbus integris, bellum compositum-foret.

territories (being) entire, the war might have been arranged.

[Or peace being so made with the Romans, that he ( Jugurtha) should lose

Bocchus, illectus eo praemio, accedit

no territory.] Bocchus, allured by that reward, comes- to

Jugurtham cum magn& multitudine. Ita exercitu

Jugurtha with a great multitude. Thus the nriny

amborum conjuncto, invadunt Marium jam

of both being united, they attack Marius now
proficiscentem in hiberna, decima parte diei
setting-out into winter-quarters, the tenth part ofthedny
vix reliqua, rati noctem, quae jam
scarcely (*>eing) left, having thought the night, which now
aderat> fore munimento sibi
was -at- hand, to be about- to-be for a defence to themselves

victis; et si vicissent, nullo

being conquered ; and if they might have conquered, (to be) no

impedimento, quia erant scientes locorum

obstruction, because they were knowing of the places

contra, utrumque casum

[acquainted with the locality :] on-the-other-hand, each chance

fore difficiliorem Romania in tenebris.

to be about-to-be more-difficult to the Romans in the darknesses.

Igitur consul cognovit simul, ex multis, de

Therefore the consul knew at-the-same-time, from many, of

adventu hostium, et hostes ipsi aderant;

the arrival of the enemies, and the enemies themselves were-at-hand;

et priusqnam exercitus quivit instrui, aut

and before-that the army was-able to be arrayed, or

colligere sarcinas, denique, antequam

to collect the baggages, finally, before-that (it was able)

accipere signum aut ullum imperium, Mauri atque

to receive a signal or any command, the Moorish and

Gaetuli equites incurrunt in nostros non

Gsetulian horse rush against our (men) not
24*

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282 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

acie, neque ullo more prselii, sed catervatim,

in line (of battle), nor inany manner of battle, but in-troops,

uti fors conglobaverat quosque. Omnes qui

as chance had collected every (troop). All who
trepidi improviso metu, ac tamen memores
fearful from the unforeseen terror, and however mindful

virtutis, aut capiebant arma, aut defensabant ab

of valour, either did take arms, or did protect from

hostibus alios capientes; pars ascendere

the enemies others taking (them) ;
part (began) to mount (their)

equos, ire obviam hostibus: pugna fieri magis

horses, to go towards to the enemies : the buttle to become mure

similis latrocinio quam prselio: equites, pedites

like to a robbery than to a fight horse, foot

permixti sine signis, sine ordinibus, caedere

mingled without standards, without ranks, to slaughter

alios, obtruncare alios; circumvenire ab tergo

others (some), to maim others; to surround from the rear

multos pugnantes accerrumS contra adversos

many fighting most-vigorously against (those) opposite:

neque virtus, neque arma tegere

neither valour, nor arms (were able) to cover (protect) (them)

satis ;
quod hostes erant plures numero et
sufficiently; because the enemies were more in number and
circumfusi undique. Denique, veteres Romani que
poured-round on-e very-side. Finally, the veteran Romans and

novi, et scientes belli - ob ea

the new (recruits), and (those) knowing of war on-account-of those

facere orbes, si locus aut casus

(things) (began) to make rings, if the place or chance

conjunxerat quos : atque ita tecti atque instructi

had united any : and thus protected and arrayed

ab omnibus partibus, simul, sustentabant

from all parts, at-the-same-time, they did support

vim hostium. Neque fuit Marius territus aut

the force of the enemies. Neither was Marius affrighted or

magis demisso ammo quam ante&, in eo tam

more with cast-down mind than before, in that so

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 283

aspero . negotio; sed vagari passim cum

rough a business; but (he began) to hover every-where -with

su& turmfi, quam paraverat magis ex

his-own troop, which he had prepared (raised) rather out-of

fortifcsumis qu&m familiarissumis; ac modo

the bravest than the most-intimate and one-time

succurrere suis laborantibus, modo invadere

to aid to his-own (men) labouring, one-time to attack

manu hostes, ubi obstiterant

with (his) band the enemies, where they hud opposed

confertissumi ; consulere militibus,

most-dense to advise to the soldiers, [to aid his soldiers by

quoniam poterat non imperare, omnibus

fighting,] since he was able not to command, all

conturbatis. Que jam dies consumptus-erat, cum,

being disordered. And now the day had been spent, when,

tamen, barbari remittere nihil, atque

however, the barbarians (began) to relax nothing, and

instare acriis, utl reges prreceperant,

to press-on more-vigorously, as the kings had ordered,

rati. noctem pro se. Turn

having thought the night for themselves (in their favour). Then

Marius trahit consilium ex copiS,

Marius draws (takes) counsel from the plenty (condition)

rerum ; atque occupat duos colles propinquos inter

of things; and seizes two hills near among

se, uti esset locus

themselves, [near to one another,] that there might be a place

receptui suis. In uno quorum parum amplo

for a retreat for his (men). In one of which little extensive

castris, erat magnus fons aquae:

(not large enough) for camps, was a great fountain of water:

alter opportunus usui, quia editus et

the other (was) convenient for use, because (it was) raised and

praeceps magnS, parte: egebat munimento pauca.

steep in great part: did want with fortification in few

Caeteriim jubet
(in small part). [Required but little fortification.] But he orders

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284 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Sullam agitare noctem cum equitibus apud

Bylla to agitate (spend) the night with the cavalry at

aquam. Ipse contrahit in unum dispersos

the water. Himself draws together into one (body) the scattered

milites, hostibus conturbatis neque minus:

soldiers, the enemies being disordered neither (not) less

dein subducit cunctos pleno gradu in collem.

then ho withdraws all in full pace unto the hill.

Ita reges, coacti difficultate loci, deterrentur

Thus the kings, compelled by the difficulty of the place, are deterred

praelio: neque, tamen, sinunt suos abire

from battle: nor? however, do they permit their (men) to depart

longiiis, sed utroque colle circumdato multitudine,

farther, but each hill being surrounded by the multitude,

effusi, consedere. Dein crebris ignibus factis,

scattered, they sat-down. Then frequent fires being made,

barbari lsetari suo more, exsultare,

the barbarians (began) to rejoice in their manner, to exult,

strepere vocibus plerumque noctis: et

to roar with voices most of the night: and (their)

duces ipsi feroces; quia fug§re non,

generals themselves (were) fierce ; because they fled not,

agere ut pro victoribus.

(they began) to act as for conquerors. [As if they were conquerors.]

Sed cuncta ea facilia visu Romania,

But all those (things were) easy to be seen by the Romans,

ex tenebris et editioribus locis, que erant

out-of the darknesses and the higher places, and were
magno hortamento. Vero Marius confirmatus
for great encouragement. But Marius being encouraged

plurimum imperitifi, hostium, jubet

very-much by the ignorance of the enemies, orders

quam-maxumum silentium haberi; ne quidem

the greatest-possible silence to be kept; not indeed (even)
signa canere, uti solebant
the signs (trumpets) to sing (to sound), as they were accustomed

per vigilias; deinde ubi lux adventabat,

through the watches; then when light (day) did approach

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 285

hostibus jam defessis, ac captis somno paullo

the enemies now being wearied, and taken with sleep a little

ante, de-improviso vectigales tubicines

before, (he orders) suddenly the tributary trumpeters

omnes simul, item cohortium, turmarum,

all together, also (those) of the cohorts, of companies,

legionum, canere signa,

[of the troops of horse,] of legions, to sound the signs (trumpets),

milites tollere clamorem, atque erumpere portis.

the soldiers to raise a shout, and to burst-forth from the gates.

Mauri atque Gsetuli, exciti repente ignoto

The Moors and Geetulians, roused suddenly by the unknown

et horribili sonitu, poterant neque fugere, neque

and horrible sound, were-able neither to flee, nor

capere arma, neque facere aut providere quidquam

to take arms, nor to do or to provide any

omnino; ita vecordia quasi ceperat

*
(thing) at-all; thus madness as-it-were had taken (seized)

cunctos terrore, formidine strepitu, clamore, nullo

all with terror, with dismay by the noise, by shout, none

subveniente, nostris instantibus tumultu.

assisting, our (men) pressing-on with tumult.

Denique omnes fusi (sunt), que fugati arma

Finally all were routed, and put-to-flight,* (their) arms

et pleraque militaria signa capta; que plures

and most-of the military standards taken ; and more

interempti (sunt) eo prselio, qu&m omnibus

were destroyed in that battle, than in all

superioribus. Nam fuga impedita (est) somno et

the former. For flight was hindered by sleep and

insolito metu. Dein Marius proficiscitur in

by unusual fear. . Then Marius sets-out into

hiberna, uti coeperat, que decreverat agere

winter-quarters, as he had begun, which he had resolved to aet

in maritimis oppidis, propter commeatum;

(spend) in the maritime towns, on-account-of provision •

neque tamen factus (est) socors aut insolens victoriS

nor however was he made inactive o> haughty by victory;

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286 6ALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

Bed incedere quadrato agmine pariter

but (continued) to march in a squared troop (array) equally

atque in conspectu hostium. Sulla curabat

and (as) in sight of the enemies. Sylla did take-care

cum equitatu apud dextimos, A. Manlius

(commanded) with the cavalry at (on) the right, Aulus Manlius

cum funditoribus et sagittariis, praeterea cohortes

with the slingers and archers, besides the cohorts

Ligurum in sinistra parte; locaverat

of the Ligurians (commanded) in the left part; he had placed

tribunos primos et extremos cum expeditis

tribunes first and last with the light-armed

manipulis. Perfugse minumfe cari, et

divisions. Deserters (persons) by-no-means dear, and

scientissumi regionum, explorabant iter

most-skilful of the countries, did reconnoitre the march

hostium. Consul simul providere

of the enemies. The consul at-the-same-time (continued) to provide

omnia, quasi nullo imposito;

all (things), as-if no-one being placed-over (the men)

adesse apud omnes, laudare, increpare

to be-present at (with) all, to praise, to chide (those)

merentes. Ipse armatus que intentus item coeebat

deserving. Himself armed and prepared also didrompel

milites; neque munire castra secus

the soldiers; nor (did he cease) to fortify the camps otherwise

atque facere iter

and (than) tomake the march; [he fortified his camps with the same

mittere cohortes ex
care that he had made his march ;] to send cohorts out-of

legionibus excubitum in portfi, auxiliarios equites

the legions to watch in the gate, the auxiliary cavalry

pro castris; prseterea locare alios super vallum

before the camps ; besides to place others above the rampart

in munimentis, ipse circuire vigilias, non

in the fortifications, himself to go-about the watches, not

diffidentia futuri quae

from distrust of future (completion of) what he might have (had)

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 287

imperavisset, qu&m uti labos exsequatus cum

ordered, as that the labour being equalled with

imperatore esset militibus volentibus.

the commander might be to the soldiers willing. [That the com-

mander sharing in the toils of the soldiers, they might the more willingly

Et san& Marius coercebat exercitum

bear them.] And truly Marius did restrain (his) army

magis pudore, qu&m malo illo et aliis

more by shame, than by evil (severity) in that (time) and in other

temporibus Jugurthini belli; quod multi aiebant

times of the Jugurthine war; which many did say

fieri per ambitionem ;

pars qudd habuisset
to be done through ambition ;
part (said) because he might have held

voluptati si pueritiS consuetam duritiam, et alia

for pleasure from boyhood (his) accustomed hardihood, and other

quse caeteri vocant miserias. Nisi tamen

(things) which the rest call miseries. Unless (but) however

respublica gesta (est) ben& atque decorfc, pariter

the state was carried-on well and becomingly, equally

ac saevissumo imperio. Igitur citi

and (as) in the most-cruel authority. Therefore speedy

speculatores ostendunt sese simul

spies show themselves at-the-same-time

undique haud longfc >ab oppido Cirta, quarto

from-every-side not far from the town Cirta, in the fourth

die; qua re hostis intelligitur adesse. Sed

day; by which thing the enemy is understood to be-at-hand. But

quia redeuntes diversi, alius ab

because returning different, the one (from one, the other) from

alifii parte, atque omnes significabant idem;

another part, and all did signify (prove) the same

consul incertus quonam modo instrueret

(thing) ; the consul doubtful in what manner he should arrange

aciem, nullo ordine commutato, paratus

the line (of battle), no order being changed, prepared

advorsum omnia opperitur ibidem. Ita

against all (things) he waits in-the-same-place. Thus

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288 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

spes frustrata (est) Jugurtham, qui distribuerat

hope disappointed Jugurtha, who had divided (his)

copias in quatuor partes, ratus aliquos_ ex

forces into four parts, having thought some out-of

omnibus sequfc venturos hostibus ab tergo.

all equally about-to-come to (on) the enemies from the rear.

Interim Sulla, quern hostes attigerant primum,

Mean-time Sylla, whom the enemies had reached first,

cohortatus suos, ipse que alii invadunt

having exhorted his (men)! himself and the others attack

Mauros turmatim et equis confertis

the Moors by-troops and with horses crowded

quam-maxumS; caeteri manentes in loco

as-much-as-possible; the rest remaining in (their) place (began)

tegere corpora ab <- jaculis emissis

to cover (protect) (their) bodies from the javelins sent

eminus, et obtruncare, si qui venerant

froui-a-distance, and to massacre, [such,] if any [as] had come

in manus. Dum equites prseliantur eo

into (their) hands. Whilst the cavalry fight in that

modo, Bocchus cum peditibus, quos Alius ejus,

manner, Bocchus with the infantry, which the son of him,

Volux, adduxerat, neque adfuerant in priore

Volux, had led-up, nor had they been-present in the former

pugnS, morati in itinere, invadunt postremam

battle, having delayed on the march, attack the last [rear]

aciem Romanorum. Marius agebat turn apud

line of the Romans. Marius acted then at (with)

primos, qu6d Jugurtha ibi cum plurimis.

the first, [in front,] because Jugurtha [wns] there with very-many.

Dein Numida, adventu Bocchi cognito,

Then the Numidian, [Jugurtha,] the arrival of Bocchus being known,

convortit " clam • cum paucis ad pedites ; • ibi

turns secretly with a few (men) to the infantry; there

exclamat Latinfe, nam didicerat loqui

he cries-out Latin ly, [in Latin,] for he had learned to speak (that

apud Numantiam, "Nostros pugnare

language) at Numantia, "Our (men) to fight

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA, 289

frustrd, ; Marium interfectum (esse) paullo antS

in-vain Marius to have been slain a little before

sufi; manu:" simul ostendere

by his- own hand :" at-the-same-time (he began) to show (his)

gladium oblitum sanguine, quern cruentaverat

sword smeared with blood, which he had stained- with -blood

in pugnS, nostro pedite occiso impigre

in the battle, our foot-soldiery being slain actively (bravely)

satis.
enough. [Which he had stained with the blood of one of our foot-soldiers,

Quod ubi milites accepSre

quickly slain.] Which when the soldiers received (heard)

terrentur magis atrocitate rei quam

they are affrighted more by the dread fulness of the thing than

fide nuncii; que barbari simul

by the faith (belief) of the messenger; and the barbarians at-the-same-time

tollere animos, et incedere

(began) to raise (their) minds (spirits), and to advance

acrius in perculsos Romanos. Que jam

more-vigorously against the astonished Romans. And now
abferant paullum & fugd, cum Sulla, iis
they were-distant little from flight, when Sylla, those

profligatis advorsum quos ierat, rediens, incurrit

being routed against whom he had gone, returning, rushes-on

Mauris ab latere. Bocchus avertitur statim.

to the Moors from the flank. Bocchus is turned immediately.

At dum Jugurtha cupit sustentare suos et retinere

"But whilst Jugurtha desires to support his-own and to retain

victoriam jam propfc adeptam, circumventus ab

the victory now nearly obtained, being surrounded by
equitibus dextrfi sinistra, omnibus occisis,
the cavalry on the right (and) left, all being killed, (he)

solus vitabundus erumpit inter tela hostium.

alone about-escaping bursts-forth between the darts of the enemies.

Atque Marius interim, equitibus fugatis, accurrit

And Marius mean-time, the cavalry being put-to-flight, runs-up

auxilio suis, quos acceperat jam

to aid to his (men), whom he had received (heard) [now]
25

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290 SALLtJSTn JUGURTHA.

pelli. Denique hostes jam fusi (sunt)

to be repulsed. Finally the enemies were routed

undique. Turn horribile spectaculum in

on-every-side. Then (was) a horrible sight in

patentibus campis sequi, fugere ; occidi,

the open plains ; (they were seen) to follow, to flee ; to be killed,

capi; equi atque viri afflicti; ac multi,

to be taken; horses and men dashed-down; and many,
vulneribus acceptis, posse neque fugere,
wounds being received, (were seen) to be-able neither to flee,

neque pati quietem; modd niti, ac

nor to endure rest; one-time to lean (to stand-up), and

statim concidere: postremd, omnia qua

immediately to fall-down lastly, all (places) where
visus erat, constrata telis, armis, cadaveribus
the view was, were strewed with darts, with arms, with dead-bodies

et humus infecta sanguine inter ea. Postea

and the ground, stained with blood between them. Afterwards
loci consul jam victor haud dubifc,
of place (aftor this event) the consul now conqueror not doubtfully,

pervenit in oppidum Cirtam, qud profectus

arrived into the town Cirta, whither having set-out
initio intenderat. E6 legati
in the beginning he had determined (to arrive). Thither ambassadors

veniunt & Boccho post quintum diem, quam

come from Bocchus after the fifth day, than (since)
barbari pugnaverant mate iterum; qui petivSre
.~ v...k.^...
the v.«j
had ^.,-.».i
fought
barbarians badly again who sought
ab Mario verbis regis, " Mitteret
from Marius in the words of the king, (that) "He would send
duos quam-fidissumos ad eum: velle
[two] (persons) as-faithful-as-possible to him: towiU
disserere cum iis de suo commodo et de
to discuss with them about his-own advantage and about (that)

Romani populi." Ille statim jubet L. Sullam et

of the Roman people." He immediately orders Lucius Sylla and
A. Manlium ire. Qui, quamquam ibant acciti
Aulus Manlius to go. Who, although they did go sent-for

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SALLUSTII JUGtTBTHA. 291

tamen, placuit facere verba apnd

however, it pleased (them) to make words (a speech) at (to)

regem, uti aut flecterent avorsum ingenium,

the king, that either they might bend a disinclined . disposition,

'aut accenderent vehementihs cupidum

or might inflame (it) more-earnestly (being) desirous

pacis. Itaque Sulla, facundiae cujus

of peace. Therefore Sylla, to the eloquence of whom
concessum (est) k Manlio, non setati, locutus (est)
it was yielded by Manlio, not to age, spoke

pauca verba hujuscemodi : " Rex Boccbe, magna

a few words of this-kind " King Bocchns, great

lsetitia est nobis, cum dii monuSre te talem

gladness is to us, when the gods have advised thee such

virum, uti aliquando malles pacem

a man, that some-time (at length) thou shouldst prefer peace

quam bellum; neu commaculares te optumum

than war; nor shouldst stain thyself a very -good (man)

miscendo cum JugurtM, pessimo omnium: simul,

by mingling with Jugurtha, the worst of all : at-the-same-time,

demeres nobis acerbam necessitudinem

thou shouldst take from us the bitter necessity

persequi pariter te errantem, et ilium

to pursue (punish) equally thee erring, and him

sceleratissumum. Ad hoc, visum (est) melius

most-guilty. To this (besides), it seemed better

Romano populo, inopi jam a principio, quserere

to the Roman people, poor already from the beginning, to seek

amicos quam servos ;

que rati (sunt) tutius imperitare
friends than slaves ; and they thought safer to rule

volentibus qu&m coactis. Vero nulla amicitia

(them) willing than compelled. But no friendship (is)

opportunior tibi nostrS: primdm, quod

more convenient to thee (than) ours firstly, because

I absumus procul; in quo minimum offensae,

we are-distant far; in which (case) the least of offence (is),

par gratia, ac-si

[there if the least cause of offence, but of] equal favour, as-if

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292 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

adessemus: dein, quod habemus parentes

we might be-at-band : then, because we have (people) obeying (us)

abundfc; satis amicorum fuit neque nobis,

abundantly; (but) enough of friends has been neither to us,

jieque cuiquam omnium. Atque, utinam hoc

nor to any-one of all. And, 0-that this

placuisset tibi & principio ! profecto,

might have pleased to thee from the beginning certainly,

accepisses multo plura bona ad hoc

thou mightest have received by much more good (things) to this

tempus, quam perpessus-es mala. Sed quoniam

time, than thou hast -suffered evil. But since

fortuna regit pleraque humanarum rerum, cui

fortune rules most of human things, to which

scilicet placuisse experiri et nostram

forsooth she has pleased to try [that yon try] both oui

vim et gratiam; nunc quando licet per illam,

force and favour; now when it is-lawful through her,

festina atque perge uti coepisti. Habes multa

hasten and proceed as thon hast begun. Thou hast many
atque opportuna qu6 superes
and convenient (means) in-order-that thou may'st exceed

facilius errata officis.

more-easily (the things) erred-in by kindnesses. [By kind services.]

Postremd, demitte hoc in tuum pectus, Romanum

Lastly, send-down this into thy breast, the Roman
populum nunquam victum-esse beneficiis. Nam
people never to have been overcome by favours. For

tute scis quid valeat bello." Bocchus

thyself knowest what it may prevail in war." Bocchus (answered)

placidfe et benrgnfe ad ea; simul facit

calmly and kindly to those (words) ; at-the-same-time he makes

pauca verba pro suo delicto:

a few words for his transgression : [and spoke briefly in ex-

" Se cepisse arma non

tenuation of his transgression :] " Himself to have taken arms not

hostili animo, sed ob tutandum

with a hostile mind, but on-account-of protecting (his)

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 293

regnum : nam nequivisse pati earn partem

kingdom for to have been-unable to endure that part

Numidiae, unde expulerit (perf. sub.) Jugurtham

ofNumidia, whence he may have expelled (he expelled) Jugurtha

vi, factam suam jure belli, vastari a

by force, being made his-own by the right of war, to be ravaged by

Mario : praeterea, legatis missis Romam anted,

Marius : besides, ambassadors having been sent to Rome before,

repulsum (esse) v ab amicitifi,

to have been rejected [that he was rejected] from friendship

C83terum omittere Vetera, ac missurum

but to omit old (matters), and (to be) about-to-send

legatos turn ad senatum, si

[that he was about to send] ambassadors then to the senate, if

liceret per Marium." Dein, copiS

it might-be-lawful through Marius." Afterwards, opportunity

factfi, animus barbari flexus (est) ab amicis,

being made, the mind of the barbarian was bent by . friends,

quos Jugurtha, legatione Sullae et Manlii cognitS,

whom Jugurtha, the embassy ofSylla and of Manlius being known,

metuens id quod parabatur, corruperat

fearing that which was prepared, - had corrupted (bribed)

donis. Interea, Marius, exercitu composito in

by gifts. Mean-time, Marius, the army being arranged in

hibernaculis, proficiscitur cum expeditis cohortibus,

winter-stations, sets-out with the light-armed cohorts,

et parte equitatus, in sola loca, obsessum

and with part of the cavalry, into lonely places, to besiege

regiam turrim, qu6 Jugurtha imposuerat omnes

a royal tower, where Jugurtha had placed all

perfugas presidium. Turn Bocchus rursus, seu

deserters (as) a garrison. Then Bocchus again, either

reputando quae venerant sibi duobus

by reflecting what (things) had come (happened) to himself in two

prseliis, seu admonitus ab aliis amicis, quos Jugurtha

battles, or advised by other friends, whom Jugurtha

reliquerat incorruptos, delegit quinque ex omni

had left unbribed, chose five out- of all

25*

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294 SALLUSTH JUGURTHA.

copift necessariorum fides quorum

the plenty (number) of connexions,* [friends;] the faith of whom
et cognita (est), et ingenia erant validissuma.
both was known, and the abilities were most-able.

Jubet eos ire legatos ad Marium ; ac dein,

He orders those to go (as) ambassadors to Marius ; and then,

si placeat, Romam: permittit ipsis licentiaro

if it may please (him), to Rome : he allows to them the liberty

rerum agendarum, et belli componendi quocunque

of things to-be-acted, and of the war to-be-arranged in whatsoever

modo.
manner. [He gave them full power to negotiate and bring the war to a

Uli proficiscuntur mature* ad

close in any manner.] They set-out early (soon) to

hiberna Romanorum. Deinde, circumventi

the winter-quarters of the Romans. Afterwards, being surrounded

que spoliati a Gaetulis latronibus in itinere,

and plundered by Gaetulian robbers on the journey,

profugiunt pavidi sine decore ad Sullam,

they escape fearful without ornament [of office] to Sylla,

quern consul proficiscens in expeditione reliquerat

whom the eonsul setting-out on the expedition had left

pro prsetore. Ille habuit eos non pro vanis

for pretor. He had (treated) them not for vain

hostibus, uti meriti-erant, sed accurate et

(fickle) enemies, as they had deserved, but carefully and
liberaliter. Qu& re barbari et rati (sunt)
liberally. By which thing the barbarians both thought

famam avaritise Romanorum falsam, et Sullam

the report of the avarice of the Romans false, and Sylla

ami cum in sese ob munificentiam.

friendly unto themselves on-account-of (his) liberality.

Nam etiam turn largitio erat ignota multis; nemo

For even then bribery was unknown to many; no-one
putabatur munificus, nisi pariter volens: omnia
was thought • liberal, unless equally willing: all

dona habebantur in benignitate.

gifts were held in kindness. [As the result of kindness.]

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 295

Igitur patefaciunt mandata Bocchi Quaestori; *

Therefore they lay-open the commands ofBocchus to the Quaestor

simul petunt ab eo, uti adsit

at-the-same-time they request from him, that he may-be-present (as)

fautor que consultor sibi : .extollunt

a favourer and an adviser to themselves : they praise in (their)

oratione copias, fidem, magnitudinem sui regis,

speech the forces, faith, greatness of their king,

et alia, quae credebant aut esse utilia aut

and other (things), which they did believe either to be useful or

benevolentiae
(the part) of benevolence; [or tending to conciliate his good will;]

dein Suite pollicito omnia, docti quo

then Sylla having promised all (things), being taught in what

modo facerent verba apud Marium, item

manner they should make words at (before) Marius, also

apud senatum,
at the senate, [they should address Marius, and also the senate,]

opperiuntur ibidem circiter quadraginta dies. Postquam

they wait there about forty days. Afler-that

Marius, negotio infecto qud

Marius, the business being undone [unsuccessful] whither (to which)

intenderat, redit Cirtam, factus certior

he had aimed, returns to Girta, being made more-sure [being in-

de adventu legatorum, jubet que illos

formed] of the arrival of the ambassadors, he orders both them

et Sullam, que item L. Bellienum praetorem, venire

and Sylla, and also Lucius Bellienus the praetor, to come

Uticfi, prseterea omnes senatorii ordinis undique

from Utica, besides all of senatorial rank from-e very-side;

quibuscum cognoscit mandata Bocchi, in

with whom he knows (considers) the commands of Bocchus, in

quibus potestas eundi Romam fit

which [assembly the] power of goin^ to Rome is made [granted]

legatis; et induciae postulabantur interea

to the ambassadors ; and truces were requested mean-time

ab consule. Ea placu^re Sullae et

from [the] consul. Those (things) pleased to Sylla and

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29& SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

plerisque : pauci decernunt ferocitis ; scilicet, ignarl

to the most : a few determine more fiercely ; forsooth, ignorant

humanarum rerum, quae, semper fluxse et mobiles,

of human things, which, always evanescent and fickle,

mutantur in-adversum. "Caeterum tres Mauri,

are changed contrarily. But three Moors,

omnibus impetratis, profecti (sunt) Rotoam cum

all (things) being obtained, set-out to Rome with

Cn. Octavio Rufo, qui quaestor apportavera*

Cosbus Octavius Rufus, who (as) quaestor had brought
stipendium in Africam ; duo redeunt ad regem.
the pay [to Africa] two return to the king.

Bocchus lubens accepit ex his cum

Bocchus being-pleased received (heard) from these as-well

caetera, turn maxumfc benignitatem et studium

the -rest, then (as) chiefly the kindness and zeal

Sullae.
of Sylla/ [Bocchus, among the rest, heard with pleasure chiefly of the

Que Romae
kindness and seal of Sylla, in forwarding their mission.] And [at Rome]
respondetur hoc modo legatis ejus,
it is answered in this manner to the ambassadors of him,

petentibus amicitiam et foedus, postquam

seeking friendship and a treaty, after- that

deprecati-sunt "regem errSsse, et

they deprecated (lamented) " the king to have erred, and

lapsum (esse) scelere Jugurthae :" " Senatus

to have slipped by the wickednass of Jugurtha :" " The senate

et Romanus populus solet esse memor

and Roman people is accustomed to be mindful

beneficii et injuriae; caeterum facit gratiam

of kindness and of injury; but it makes favour (forgiveness)

delicti Boccho, quoniam poenitet:

of (his) transgression to Bocchus, since it repents (him)
,,
foedus et amicitia dabuntur, ciim meruerit.
a treaty and friendship shall be given, when he shall have deserved
Quibus rebus cognitis, Bocchus petivit
(them)." Whioh things being known, Bocchus requested

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 297

per litteras a Mario, uti mitteret Sullam

by letters (a letter) from Marius, that he would send Sylla

ad se; arbitratu cujus consuleretur

to himself; by the arbitration of whom it might be consulted

de communibus negotiis. Is missus (est) cum

about (their) common affairs. He was sent with

prsesidio equitum atque peditum, Baleariorum

a guard of horse and of foot, of Balearian

funditorum; praeterea sagittarii et Peligna cohors

slingers besides archers and a Pelignian cohort

cum velitaribus-armis i§re caus& itineris

with light-arms went by cause (for the sake) of the journey

properandi ; neque muniti (sunt) secus

to-be-hastened ; nor were they proteoted otherwise (less)

his, atque aliis armis advorsum tela

with these, and (than) with other arms against the darts

hostium, qu6d ea sunt levia. Sed denique

of the enemies, because those are light But finully

quinto die, Volux, filius Bocchi, ostendit sese

on the fifth day, Volux, the son of Bocchus, shows himself

in itinere repentfc in patentibus campis cum non

on the journey suddenly in the open plains with not

amplius mille equitibus; qui euntes temerfc

more (than) a thousand horsemen; who going rashly

et effusfe, efficiebant Sullae que omnibus

(in disorder) and dispersedly, did cause to Sylla and to all

aliis et numerum ampliorem vero, et hostilem

the others both a number larger (than) truth, and hostile

metum.
fear. [Which caused their numbers to appear greater than they really

were to Sylla and the rest, and to excite fear of an approaching enemy.]

Igitur quisque expedire se; tentare arma

Therefore every-one (began) to prepare himself; to try (his) arms

atque tela, intendere;

and darts, [to-bend] [his mind to the approaching engagement ;]

aliquantus timor, sed amplior spes, quippe

(there was) some fear, but greater hope, inasmuch-ai

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298 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

victorious, et advorsum eos quos vicerant

to conquerors, and against those whom they had conquered

saepfc. Interim equites prpemissi exploratum,

often. Meantime the cavalry sent-before to reconnoitre,

nunciant rem quietam, uti erat. Volux adveniens

announce the affair quiet, as it was. Volux coming-up

appellat quaestorem, se mis^um (esse) obviam

addresses the quaestor, (and says) himself to have been sent toward

illis k patre Boccho, et simul praesidio.

to them by (his) father Bocehus, and at-the-same-time for protection.

Deinde eunt conjuncti sine meta eum et proxunmm

Then they go united without fear that and the next

diem. Post ubi castra locata (sunt), et

day. Afterwards when the camps were placed (pitched), and

erat vesper diei, Maurus incerto

it was the evening of the day, the Moor [Volux] with uncertain

vultu pavens accurrit repentS ad Sullam, que

countenance trembling runs-up suddenly to Sylla, and

dicit, " Cognitum (esse) sibi ex speculatoribus

says, " To have been known to himself from scouts

Jugurtham abesse baud procul, simul rogat

Jugurtha to be-distant not far, at-the-same-time he entreats

atque hortatur profugeret clam secum

and exhorts (that) he would escape privately with him

noctu." Hie feroci anirno negat, " se pertimescere

by night." He with fierce mind denies, "himself to fear-much

Numidam toties fusum ; credere satis virtuti

the Numidian so-often routed; to trust sufficiently to the valour

suorum etiam si certa pestis adesset,

of his (men); even if certain destruction might be-at-hand,

mansurum potius quam quos ducebat,

(to be) about-to-remain rather than (those) whom he did lead,
proditis, parceret turpi fuga inoertae vitae,
being betrayed, he should spare by base flight to an uncertain life,

ac forsitan interiturae paullo p6st morbo."

and perhaps about- to-perish a little after by disease."

Caeterum monitus ab eodem, uti proficiscerentur

But being admonished by the same, that they should set-out

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 299

x
noctu, approbat consilium ;
ac. statim jubet
by night, he approves the plan ; and immediately orders

milites coenatos esse in castris; que creberrimos

the soldiers having supped to be in the camps j and very-frequent

ignes fieri, dein prim£ vigiliS egredi silentio.

fires to be made, then in the first watch to go out in silence.

Que jam omnibus fessis nocturao itinere,

And now all being fatigued with the nightly march,

Sulla pariter cum ortu solis metabatur

fiylla equally (together) with the rising of the sun did measure

castra; cum Mauri equites nunciant Jugurtham

camps ; when the Moorish cavalry announce Jugurtha

consedisse ante eos, intervallo circitfer

to have sat-down (encamped) before them, in a distance about

dufim millium. Postquam quod auditum-est,

of two miles. After-that which (thing) was heard,

turn ver6 ingens metus invadit nostros;

then truly great fear seizes our (men) ;
(they began)

credere se proditos k Voluce, et circumventos

to believe themselves betrayed by Volux, and surrounded

insidiis. Ac fuSre qui

with snares. And there were (those) who would (did)

dicerent (imp. sub.) vindicandum manu,

say (the thing) to be avenged by hand, [that he (Volux)

neque tantum scelus

nor so-great guilt

relinquendum inultum apud ilium. At Sulla,

to-be-left unrevenged at (with) him. But Sylla,

quamquam existumabat eadem, tamen probibet

although he did think the same (things), however prohibits

Maurum ab injuriS; hortatur suos,

(protects) the Moor from injury; encourages his (men),

" uti gererent fortem animum ;

pugnatum (esse)
u that they should carry a brave mind to have been fought

saepfe antfc benfe paucis strenuis advorsus

often before well with a few brave (men) against

multitudinem ;
quanto minds pepercissent
a multitude by-how-mudi less they might have spared

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800 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

sibi in praelio, fore tanto tutiores;

to themselves in battle, to-be-about-to-be by-so-much more safe;
nec decere quemquam, qui armaverit manus,
nor to become any-one, who may have armed (his) hands,

petere auxilium ab inermis pedibus, iii maxumo

to seek aid from (his) unarmed feet, in the greatest

metu, vertere nudum et caecum corpus ad

fear, (and) to turn (his) naked and blind body to

hostes." Deinde obtestatus maxumum Jovem, ut

the enemies." Then having attested the greatest Jupiter, that

adesset testis sceleris atque perfidiae

he would be-pro sent a witness of the guilt and of the treachery

Bocchi, jubet Volucem abire castris, quoniam

of Bocchus, he orders Volux to depart from the camps, since

faceret hostilia. Hie lacrumans

he might (did) do hostile (acts). He weeping (began)

orare "ne-crederet ea; nihil

to entreat (that) " he would not-believe those (things); nothing

factum (esse) dolo, ac magis calliditate Jugurthae;

to have been done by deceit, and more by the craft of Jugurtha;

cui speculanti videlicet suum iter

to whom watching forsooth his journey might have (had)

cognitum-esset. Caeteriim quoniam

been known. But since he [Jugurtha] might (did)

haberet (imp, sub.) neque ingentem multitudinem,

have neither a great multitude,

et spes que opes ejus

and the hopes and resources of him [Jugurtha] might (did)

penderent (imp. sub.) ex suo patre, credere

depend from bis [Volux's] father, to believe

ilium ausurum nihil palam, cfim ipse films

him about-to-dare nothing openly, when himself (his) son

adesset (imp. sub.) testis ; quare

might be (was) present (as) a witness; wherefore

videri optumum factu transire palam per media

to seem best to be done to pass openly through the middle

castra ejus; sese solum iturum cum

camps of him [Jugurtha]; himself [Volux] alone about-to-go with

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 301

SullS, Mauris vel prsemissis, vel relictis

Sylla, the Moors either being sent-before, or bei<g left

ibidem." Ea res probata (est), uti in tali negotio

there." J?hat thing was approved-of, as in such a business

ac profecti statim, transeunt incolumes,

and having set-out immediately, they pass-over safe,

JugurthS dubio atque haesitante, quia

Jugurtba (being) doubtful and hesitating, because

accesserant de-improviso. Deinde

they had approached unexpectedly. Afterwards

perventum-est paucis diebus, qud intenderant

it was arrived in a few days, whither they had determined

ire. Ibi quidam Numida, nomine Aspar, agebat

to go. There a certain Numidian, by name Aspar, did act

multum et familiariter cum Boccho, praemissus

much and familiarly with Bocchus, being sent-before (as)

orator ab JugurthS, postquam audierat

a pleader [agent] by Jugurtha, after-that he had heard

Sullam accitum, et speculatum subdolfc consilia

Sylla sent-for, and to watch craftily the designs

Bocchi ;
praeterea Dabar, filius Mussugradae, ex
of Bocchus; besides Dabar, son of MuBsugrada, out-of

gente Masinissae, caeterum impar materno

the nation (family) of Masinissa, but unequal by the maternal

genere, nam pater ejus ortus-erat ex concubinfi;

race, for the father of him had sprung from a concubine

carus que acceptus Mauro ob multa

dear and accepted (esteemed) to the Moor on-account-of many
bona ingenii, quern Bocchus expertus
good (qualities) of understanding, whom Bocchus having experienced

esse fidum Romanis multis tempestatibus ant&,

to be faithful to the Romans in many occasions before,

mittit illic6 nunciatum ad Sullam, "Sese

sends immediately to announce to Sylla, "Himself (to be)

paratum facere quae Romanus populus vellet;

prepared to do what (things) the Roman people might will;

ipse deligeret diem^ locum, tempus colloquio;

himself might choose the day, place, time for a conference

26

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302 SALLUSTn JUGURTHA*

sese habere omnia consulta integra cum illo;

himself to have all deliberations entire „ with him;

neu pertimesceret
nor he might fear [that he had kept every thing to be deliberated
:"
legatum Jugurthae
:"
with him, so that he might not fear] the ambassador of Jugurtha

quo communis res gereretur licentius;

and in -order-that the common affair might be carried-on more freely;

nam nequivisse caveri aliter at^ insidiis

for to have been-unable to bo guarded otherwise from the snares

ejus. Sed ego comperior Bocchum attinuisse

of him. But I find Boccbus to have detained

Romanes et Numidam simul spe

the Romans and the Numidian at-the-same-time with the hope

pacis, magis Punic£ fide, qu&m ob ea,

of peace, rather with Punio faith, than on-account-of those

quae praedicabat ;
que solitum (esse)
(things), which he did declare ; and to have been accustomed

volvere multum cum suo animo, traderet

to revolve much with his mind, (whether) he should deliver

Jugurtham Romanis, an Sullam illi; libidinem

Jugurtha to the Romans, or Sylla to him; desire

suasisse advorsum nos, metum pro nobis.

to have persuaded (him) against us, fear for us.

Igitur Sulla respondit, se locuturum pauca

Therefore Sylla answered, himself about-to-speak a few (words)

coram Aspare, caetera occult^, aut nullo, aut

before Aspar, the rest secretly, either no-one, or

qu&m-paucissumis presentibus; simul edocet

as-few-as-possible being present ; at-the-same-time he informs

quae responderentur. Postquam

(him) what (things) should be answered. After-thai

congressi (sunt), sicuti voluerant, dicit se missum

they met* so-as they had willed, ho says himself boing sent

§, consule venisse, quaesitum ab eo,

by the consul to have come, to inquire from him, (whether)

foret agitaturus pacem an bellum. Turn

he might be about-to-transact peace or war. Then

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 303

rex, uti fuerat praeceptum, jubet redire, post

the king, as had been instructed, orders (him) to return, after

decimum diem, ac decrevisse nihil etiam nunc,

the tenth day, and to have determined nothing even now,

sed responsurum illo die. Deinde^ ambo

but about-to-answer in that day. Then * both

digressi (sunt) in sua castra. Sed ubi plerumque

departed into their camps. But when most

noctis processit, Sulla arcessitur occult^ a

of the night advanced, Sylla is sent-for secretly by

Boccho; fidi interpretes tantummodo adhibentur

Bocchus; faithful interpreters only are applied

ab utroquc. Praeterea, Dabar internuncius,

(retained) by each. Besides, Dabar the inter-messenger,

sanctus vir, jurat ambobus ex

a holy (upright) man, swears to both according-to (their)

sentential ; ac rex statim incipit sic. Ego

opinion and the king immediately begins thus. I

nunquam ratus-sum fore, uti maxumus

never thought (the thing) to be about-to-be, that the greatest

rex in hfic terrS, et opulentissimus omnium, quos

king in this land, and the most-wealthy of all, whom
novi, deberem gratiam privato homini. Et
I have known, should owe a favour to a private man. And
Hercule, Sulla, ante te cognitum, egomet tuli
by Hercules, Sylla, before thee being known, I-myself have brought

opem ultrd multis aliis orantibus; indigui

assistance voluntarily to many others begging (it); I have wanted

nullius. Ego laetor id, quod caeteri

of none. I rejoice that, which the rest (of the world)

solent dolere, y imminutum (esse). Fuerit

are accustomed to grieve, to have been diminished. It will have been

pretium mihi eguisse aliquando tuae amicitiae;

a price (a reward) to me to have wanted [at length] of thy friendship

[
qu£ habeo nihil carius apud meum animum.
(than) which I have nothing dearer at (in) my mind
Aded licet experiri id; sume, utere arma, viros,
Thus it is-lawful to try that; take, use arms, men,

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304 SALLUSTH JUGURTHA.

pecuniam, postremd quicquid lubet animo; et

money, lastly whatever it pleases to (thy) mind ; and

putaveris gratiam nunquam redditam

thou shalt have thought (think) the favour never returned

tibi, quoad vives erit semper integra

to thee, as-long-aa thou shalt live ; it shall be always entire

apud me; denique, voles nihil

with me; finally, thou shalt will [thou shalt want] nothing

frustr&, me sciente. Nam, ut ego existumo,

in-vain, I knowing (it). For, as I think, (it is)

minus flagitiosum regem vinci armis, quam

less disgraceful a king to be conquered by arms, than

munificentifi. Cseterum* accipe paucis

by liberality. But receive (hear) in a few (words)

de vestrfi republic^, cujus missus-es

concerning your state, of which thou hast been sent

hue curator. Ego neque feci bellum Romano

hither (as) manager. I neither have made war to the Roman
populo, neque volui unquam factum ; tutus-sum
people, nor have I willed (it) ever made ; I have defended

meos fines advorsum armatos armis. Omitto

my borders against armed (men) by arms. I lay -aside

id; quando placet vobis ita, gerite bellum cum

that; since it pleases to you thus, carry-on the war with

JugurtM, uti vultis. Ego non-egrediar flumen

Jugurtha, as you will. I shall not-go-without the river

Mulucham, quod fuit inter me et Micipsam,

Mulucha, which has been between me and Micipsa,

neque sin am Jugurtham intrare id. Prseterea, si

nor will I suffer Jugurtha to enter that. Besides, if

petiveris quid dignum que me que

thou' shalt have sought any (thing) worthy both me and

vobis, (abl.) abibis baud repulsus. Sulla disseruit

you, thou shalt depart not rejected. Sylla discoursed

breviter et modicfe ad ea pro se ; multis

briefly and moderately to those (words) for himself; in many (words)

de pace et communibus rebus. Denique, patefecit

about peace and the common affairs. Finally, he disclosed

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SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 805

regi, "Senatum et Roinanum populum non

to the king, " The senate and Roman people not

habituros in gratis, quod polliceatur (pres. sub.),

about-to-have in favour, what he may promise (does promise),

quoniam valuissent amplius arm is ; aliquid

since they might have prevailed more by arms some

faciundum, quod videretur rctulisse illorum,

(thing) to-be-done, which might seem to have concerned of them,

magis quam sua, adeo id esse in promptu,

more than his-own (interest), thus that to be in readiness

quoniam haberet copiam

(easily done), since he might (did) have power

Jugurthae, quern si tradidisset Romanis,

of Jugurtha, whom if he might have (had) delivered to the Romans,

fore, ut plurimum deberetur illi;

to be about-to-be, that very-much should bo-due to him

amicitiam, foedus, partem Numidiae, quam

friendship, a treaty, the part of Nutnidia, which be might (did)

peteret {imp. %ub.) nunc, adventuram tunc

solicit ,x now, about-to-come-to (him) then

ultro." Rex primd negitare affinitatem,

voluntarily." The king firstly (began) to deny-often [that] affinity
f

cognationem, praeterea foedus intervenisse

kindred, besides a treaty to have intervened [existed be-

ad hoc metuere, ne usus

tween them] ; to this (besides) to fear, lest having used

fluxfi, fide averteret animos

an unsteady faith [bad faith] he might turn-away the minds of (his)

popularium, quis et Jugurtha cams et

countrymen, to whom both Jugurtha (was) dear and

Romani essent invisi. Denique, fatigatus

the Romans might be (were) hateful. Finally, being importuned

saepius, lenitur; et promittit so facturum

more-frcquently, he is softened; and promises himself aboutto-do

omnia ex voluntate Sullne. Caeterum

all (things) " according-to the will of Sylla. But

constituunt quae visa (sunt) utilia ad pacem

they settle what (things) seemed useful to peace
26*

Digi t zed by G00gk

 :

306 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

simulandam, cujus Numida, defessus bello,

to-be-feigned, of which the Numidian, wearied by the war, (was)

avidissimus. Ita dolo composite, digrediuntur.

most-eager. Thus the plot being arranged, they separate.

At rex postero die appellat Asparem,

But the king on the following day calls A spar,
legatum Jugurthse, que dicit cognitum (esse)
the ambassador of Jugurtha, and says (it) to have been known

ex Sulla, per Dabarem, bellum posse componi

from Sylla, through Dabar, the war to be-able to be arranged

conditionibus : quamobrem exquireret sententiam

by conditions wherefore he should seek the opinion

sui regis. Ille, laetus, venit in castra Jugurthae.

of bis king. He, glad, came into the camps of Jugurtha.

Deinde edoctus cuncta ab illo, itinere

Then being instructed all (things) by him, the journey

properato, redit ad Bocchum post octavum

being hastened, he returns to Bocchus after the eighth

diem, et nunciat ei, Jugurtham cupere facere

day, and announces to him, Jugurtha to desire to do

omnia, quae imperarentur ; sed fidere

all (things), which might be commanded ; but to trust [but that

parum Mario: pacem conventam cum

he trusted] little to Marius : the peace agreed-on with

Romania imperatoribus fuisse frustrsi ssepfc antfe.

the Roman commanders to have been in-vain often before.

Caeterum si Boccbus vellet, consultum ambobus,

But if Bocchus might will, to consult for both,

et ratam pacem, daret operam, ut

and a stable peace, he should give (his) assistance, that

veniretur un& in colloquium ab omnibus,

it might be come together into a conference by all,

quasi de pace; que

[that all should meet in conference,] as-if about the peace; and

ibi traderet Sullam sibi: cum

there he should deliver Sylla to himself: when he might (did)

haberet talem virum in potestate, turn fore,

have such a man in (his) power, then to be about- to-bt

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 ;

SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 807

utl foedus fieret jussu senatus que

that a treaty might be made by command of the senate and

Romani populi; neque nobilem hominem

of the Roman people; neither a noble man
relictum-iri in potestate hostium, non su&
to be about-to-be-left in the power of enemies, [not by his

ignavirS, sed ob rempublicam./ Maurus

indolence, [or fault], but] on-account-of the commonwealth. The Moor

ipse, volvens haec diu &ecum, tandem

himself, revolving these (things) long with himself, at-length

promisit. Caeterum comperimus parum

promised. But we have discovered little (whether)

cunctatus (est) dolo, an verfc. Sed ut regiae

he delayed by deceit, or truly. But as royal

voluntates plerumque vehementes, sic

wills (are) generally vehement, so (they are)

mobiles; ipsae saepfe advorsae sibi. Posted

fickle themselves often opposite to themselves. Afterwards

tempore et loco constitute, uti veniretur in

a time and place being appointed, that it might be come into

colloquium de pace, Bocchus appellare Sullam

a conference about peace, Bocchus (began) to address Sylla

mod6, legatum Jugurthae mod6; habere

now, the ambassador of Jugurtba now ; to* have (treat them)

benign^; polliceri idem ambobus. Mi

kindly j
to promise the same (thing) to both. They (began)

esse pariter laeti, ac pleni bonae spei. Sed e&

to be equally glad, and full of good hope. But in that

nocte, quae fuit proxuma ant& diem decretum

night, which was the next before the day decreed

colloquio, Maurus, amicis adhibitis,

for the conference, the Moor, (his) friends being applied (called-in),

ac voluntate immutatll, caeteris remotis,

and (his) will being changed, the rest being removed,

ipse dicitur agitavisse multa secum, varius

himself is said to have pondered much with himself, changeable

pariter vultu corporis atque animo: quae

equally in the look of (hit) body and in mind : which

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 : :

808 - SALLUSTII JUGURTHA.

scilicet, ipso tacente, patefecisse

forsooth, himself being-silent, (tended) to hare disclosed

occulta pectoris. Tamen, postrem6, jubet

the hidden (things) of the beast However, lastly, he orders

Sullam arcessiri; et tendit insidias Numidae

Sylla to be sent-for ; and stretches (lays) snares for the Numidian

ex sententia ejus. Deinde ubi dies advenit,

according-to the opinion of him. Then when the day came,

et nunciatum-est ei Jugurtham abesse baud

and it was announced to him Jugurtha to be-distant not

procul, procedit obvius, quasi causfi.

far, he proceeds opposite (towards), as-if by cause (for the sake)

honoris, cum paucis amicis et nostro quaestore,

of honour, with a few friends and our qusstor, [Sylla,]

in tumulum facillumum visu insidiantibus.

unto a hillock very-easy to be seen to (those) lying-in-wait.

Numida accedit eddem cum plerisque suis

The Numidian approaches to the same (place) with most-of his

necessariis inermis, ut dictum-erat; ac

friends unarmed, as bad been said (appointed) ; and
statim signo dato, invaditur undique
[immediately] a signal being given, he is attacked from-every-side

simul ex insidiis. Caeteri obtruncati (sunt)

together from the ambuscades. The rest were slaughtered

Jugurtha traditur vinctus Sullae, et deductus

Jugurtha is delivered-up bound to Sylla, and was conducted

ab eo ad Marium. Per idem tempus,

by him to Marius. Through (during) the same time,

pugnatum (est) mate advorsum Gallos ab nostris

it was fought badly against the Gauls by our

ducibus Q. Caepione, et M. Manlio. Quo metu

generals Quintus Csepio, and Marcus Manlius. From which fear

omnis Italia contremuerat. Que illi . et

all Italy had trembled. And those (Romans) and
Romani inde, usque ad nostram memoriam habuere
the Romans thence, until to our memory held

sic ; omnia alia esse prona

(the matter) thus ; all other (things) to be inclined (yielding)

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 SALLUSTII JUGURTHA. 309

suae virtuti; certare cum Gallis pro salute, non pro

to their valour; to contend with the Gauls for safety, not for

gloria. Sed postquam nunciatum (est) bellurh

glory. But after-that it was announced the war

confectum (esse) in Numidia, et Jugurtham adduci

to have been finished in Numidia, and Jugurtha to be led

vinctum Romam, Marius, absens, factus-est

bound to Rome, Marius, (though) absent, was made

consul, et provincia, Gallia decreta (est) ei ; que

consul, and the province, Gaul was decreed to him ; und

is triumphavit consul magna gloria" Januariis

he triumphed (as) consul with great glory in the Januarian

calendis. Ex ea tempestate, spes atque opes

calends. From that time, the hopes and resources

civitatis sitae in illo.

of the state (were) placed in him.

THE END.

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Digi t zed by G00gle
 HAMILTON AND LOCKE AND CLARK'S
SYSTEM
CLASSICAL INSTRUCTION.
PUBLISHED BY CHABLES DESILVEB,
714 GHESNTJT ST, PHILADELPHIA.

We do amiss to spend seven or eight yean merely scraping together to

much miserable Latin and Greek as might be learned otherwise easily and
delightfully inone year.— Milton.

VIRGIL: interline* irangUtion by Hart and Osborne 1 vol royal —

12mo, half Turkey- Price, $1.60

CJESAR: interlinear translation by Hamilton and Clark 1 volume, —

royal 12mo, half Turkey Price, $1.50

HORACE: interlinear translation by Stirling, Kuttall, and Clark —

1 yoI. royal 12mo, half Turkey Price, $1.50

CICERO: interlinear translation by Hamilton and Clark 1 volume, —

royal 12mo, half Turkey * Price, $1.50

SALLUST: interlinear translation by Hamilton and Clark —1 vol.

royal 12mo, half Turkey ,. Price, $1.50
CLARK'S PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE LATIN GRAMMAR:
adapted to the Interlinear Series of Classics, and to all other
systems —
1 vol. royal 12mo, half Turkey Price, $1.00

The plan of this Grammar is altogether of a practical nature ; for, while the
scholar is learning the declensions and conjugations, he has them exemplified in
iextracted from the Classics. Where this method has been properly applied,
a more rapid and thorough knowledge of the elements of Latin has always been
the result
in preparation:
OVID: interlinear translation by Hamilton and Clark.

XENOPHOJTS ANABASIS: interlinear translation by Hamilton and

Clark.
HOMER'S ILIAD: interlinear translation by Hamilton and Clark.
lb be followed by School Editions of the other Clastic Writers, on the tame plan.
The plan of these works is not new. It is merely the adaptation of the experience
•f many of the best and most inquiring minds in educational pursuits —method-
ising what was vague and loose. When the Latin tongue was the only language
of diplomacy and scientific international communication, to acquire a knowledge
of it was considered of more importance than now. This method was then recom-
mended by Cardinal Wolsey, John Ascham, Latin Secretary to Queen Elisabeth,
and by the best Latin scholar and writer of his time, John Milton ; and in testimony
of it John Locke says : —" When, by this way of interlining Latin and English one
with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of the Latin tongue, he may then
be advanced a little further. Nor let the objection that he wHl then know it only by
bote, fright any one. This, when well considered, is not of any moment against,
but plainly /or, this way of learning a language. The languages are only to be
learned by bote; and he that speaks them well has no other rule but that." In
leeching classes by oral dictation, these works present advantages that no others do»

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 0. MC6ILVER, PUBLISHER, PHILADELPHIA.

ABSTRACTS
From Reviews, and Recommendations of the In*
Notices,
of Latin Classics, published by Cha*.
lerlinear Series
Desilver, No. 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

From the New York Daily Timet

The use of interlinear translations of the Classics has the sanction
tf common sense, and has been warmly recommended by such men
as Cardinal Wolsey, Erasmus, Roger Ascham, John Milton, John
Locke, and Sidney Smith.
We believe, with Sidney Smith, that this system, " the time being
given, will make better scholars and, the degree
; of scholarship be-
ing gi*en, a much shorter time will be needed."
Charles Desilver, the Philadelphia publisher, has commenced issu-
ing a series of Qreek and Latin Classics, with interlinear translations,
greatly superior to any we have yet seen.

From Eliza D. Willard, New York, Correspondent of the Boston Atlas.

Permit me amateur students of the Greek and
to propose to all
Latin Classics, from Maine to California, a vote of thanks to Mr.
Charles Desilver, of Philadelphia, for the interlinear translations,
which he is now issuing.
Having myself spent five weary years at Greek and Latin, I think
I may pretend to venture an opinion in favour of the new system,

that is, to the general class of students, but with teachers, quite old
enough.

From the Daily Delta, New Orleans.

Cmbajl — A more admirable literal translation of every word in
Caesar's great work, it would be impossible to meet with.
must serve as the best possible work for the Latin student
It
Horace. —
A new edition, carefully revised and collated by Tho-
mas Clark. Too much praise cannot be given for the conscientious
jnanner in which the task has been performed.

From the Bulletin, New Orleans.

Viboil and Horace, interlinear. —
These two books should t»
in the hands of every scholar. They are gotten up in superior style,
and would adorn any library

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 SCHOOL LIBRARY BOOKS.

Statoablt 8oob for $t\}w\ 1\hmw.

LORD'S HISTORY.
A MODERN HISTORY,
FROM THE TIME OF LUTHER TO THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. BY JOHN LOED, LJL
LECTURER ON HISTORY.
A gentleman who has been listened to and eulogized as a lecturer on hit
lory,by Dr. Chalmers, and scores of other eminent men in Great Britain,
and whose lectures are just now attracting much admiration in our own city,
has no occasion for newspaper praise. It would be difficult to imagine how
a volume like the present could be used as a class-book in a public insti-
tution without imparting benefits rarely experienced in kindred studies
Indeed we know no other compend covering the same ground equal to it j

and it will be found as interesting

and instructive in the family as in school*
No District School should be without it.—Newark, N. J. Advrtiter.
(38)

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 HISTORICAL SERIES.

LORD'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

A New History of the United States of*America,
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.
BY JOHN LORD, A.M.,
ivnom or a modern history from thi time of luther to the
fJEl of napoleon.

This work is written in the attractive style for which the author is so
•ted, and is admirably calculated to produce in the minds of pupils who
ihall use it a love for the study.
with numerous fine Engravings, and contains
It is beautifully illustrated
tn excellent coloured Map of the United States, and several additional
maps showing the position of various battle-fields and noted places in our
history.
NOTICES.
From the Philadelphia American Courier,
This may very safely be pronounced a much needed and at the samo
time a most admirably executed volume for the schools of the country,
and for which we unhesitatingly predict great popularity and an immense
demand. The great leading facts in our national history are presented in
plain, well expressed terms, without verboseness or ambiguity, by one
who has proved himself to be an able scholar, a just historian, and a pa-
triot of enlarged, liberal views. It is just the work to give the youthful
mind right and lasting impressions of the history of the country.
From the New York Evening Mirror.
It is not only an excellent School History, but an excellent general his
tory, that may be perused with profit by readers of all ages and acquire
nents.
From the Philadelphia City Item.
This book will supply a deficiency long acknowledged in school litera-
ture. We doubt if any other man in the country is so well calculated to
write this history. Mr. Lord is a great favourite of ours. His style is
eminently lucid, vigorous, and comprehensive. We think we can, with-
out fear of contradiction, pronounce him a master of the English tongue.
With a wealth of language known to but few, he is singularly simple in
his choice of words. His sentences are direct and to the point, and his
matter is always the gist of the story. These are rare qualifications, and
almost indispensable in a historian. We shall be mistaken if this work
fa not at once hailed with acclamation as by far the best school history in
the United States yet published. It should at once bo introduced into out
PubKe Sehool*.
>16)

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 WORKS ON THE NATURAL SCIENCES.

PARTICULAR ATTENTION
IS INVITED TO

CjjarUfl XtslhtVB
SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS
UPON THE NATURAL SCIENCES.
AMONG THEM ARE

JOHNSTON'S SEKIES.
JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S CHEMISTRY.
A MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY,
t* THE BASIS OF DR. TURNER'S ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY, CONTAINING, IE g
CONDENSED FORM, ALL THE MOST IMPORTANT FACT8 AND PRINCIPLES
OF THE SCIENCE. DESIGNED AS A TEXT-BOOK IN COLLEGES
AND OTHER SEMINARIES OF LEARNING.
A NEW EDITION.
BY JOHN JOHNSTON, A.M.,
Professor of Natural Science in Wesleyan University.

JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRI

FOR THE TBI 01 COMMON SCHOOLS. On* Vol. 18mo.

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 JOHNSTON'S SERIES.

JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

REVISED EDITION 1

ENLARGED AND IMPROVED.

1 BUitnsl nf Natural ${rtlnii]i^ y
COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND DESIGNED AS A TEXT*
BOOK IN HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES.
BY JOHN JOHNSTON, A.M.,
PROFESSOR OP NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.

The above valuable series of books were prepared by John Johnstoh,

A.M., Professor of Natural Science in the Wesleyan University, Middle-
town, Ct. The Chemistry is the standard text-book of many of the lead*
mg Colleges and prominent Medical Institutions of the country. The
Elementary Chemistry, very recently published, has been adopted in
many High Schools and Academies, in all parts of the country.
The present edition of Johnston's Natural Philosophy will be found
much enlarged and improved. Exact in its definitions, original in its
illustrations, fulland familiar in explanation, the publishers are assured
it will require oniy to be examined to be approved. It has been recently
recommend jd by the Board of Education of the State of New Hampshire,
for the use of the Common Schools of the State it has also bsen adopted in
;

the High School of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in many Academie* and

{obools in various sections of the country.
A few notices of the series, from among many which have been received
ire appended
(26)

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 MODERN LANGUAGES.
* VXMMVW<W»<W»WK^»l

MANESCA'S FRENCH GRAMMAR;

Or the Berii aid Oral Method of Teaching Languages :
— Adapted to the Frendi

BT L. MANESOA.

MANESCA'S FRENCH READER.

Prepared for the use of Students who have gone through the Course of Leasj*
contained in the method ; to which is added,
A TABLE OF THE FRENCH VERBS,
Arranged and classified on a new plan, calculated to facilitate greatly their
acquisition. Br L. Mane 8 c A.
EXTRACTS OF NOTICES OF MANESCA'S FRENCH GRAMMAR.
From the New York Daily Tribune,
Thie no doubt one of the most rational and effective manuals for the
is
teaching of languages that has ever been prepared ; any person, with an
ordinary degree of attention, may, with its aid, be certain of obtaining a
sound, practical knowledge of the French in a short time. The Serial and
Oral method was discovered by John Manesca, who devoted a life of pro-
found philosophical investigation to the subject of teaching languages
The result of nis labours was the creation of the system in question. Va-
rious imitations have been made of his matchless method, and it has become
more widely and popularly known under other names than his own. The
most successful imitation is that made by Ollendorff, of Paris, a Ger-
man teacher, into whose hands the system fell by accident, a few years
since, and who appropriated it as an invention of his own.

From the New York Evening Post.

This appears to us a very able work, arranged with great order and
method, and admirably adapted to the end it has in view. "I call the
method, the Serial," says the author in the preface, " because the elements
of our language are distributed and classified in a series, that is, in a natu-
rally progressive and connected order, conformable to the nature of Ian*
guage and to the laws of acquisition of the understanding/' The ele-
ments are arranged, each in its proper place, forming one great chain of
connected and dependent links. With the aid of this Serial arrangement
the student is led on by easy steps, from the simpler to the more complex
part of the language, and acquires it without the vexatious labour, grow-
ing out of the artificial difficulties which false systems create. The term
Oral indicates that the method communicates a knowledge of the spoken
language.
The oial exercises have been prepared, and are introduced for the pur-
pose ot communicating this knowledge. The serial and oral method is the
same in principle as that which nature employs in teaching the child its
mother tongue, but being adapted to maturer age, the series of which the
language is composed, is condensed and greatly abridged, so that «sj
amount of language can, in a few months, be acquired by tho stud*ot
which the child requires years to learn.
(34)

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 HISTORICAL SERIES.

PINNOCK'S HISTORICAL SERIES.

PINNOCK'S ENGLAND.
REVISED EDITION,
RDfNOOR'f IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OP ENGLAND
FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS CjESAR
TO THE DEATH OF GEORGE THE II.
WITH A CONTINUATION TO THE YEAR 1846:

WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION \

BESIDES A VARIETY OP VALUABLE INFORMATION ADDED THROUGHOUT THE WORK,

OM&risting of Tables of Contemporary Sovereigns and eminent Persons, copious Expls?

natory Notes, Remarks on the Politic*, Manners and Literature of the Age,

and an Outline of the Constitution.

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS

f fl HUNDRED AND FIFTH AMERICAN. CORRECTED AND REVISFD FROM THE THIRTY -lift
ENGLISH EDITION.

Br W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., op Trinity College, Dubmk,

Author of* Manual of Ancient and Modern History, Ac Ac
(«)

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 SCHOOL LIBRARY BOOKS.

PINNOCK'S FRANCE,
HISTORY OF FRANCE AND NORMANDY, FROM THE EARL1ES1 TIMES 10
THE REVOLUTION OF 1848,
WltH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION,
By W. C. TAYLOR, LL. D., of Trinity College, Dublin,
Author of a Manual of Ancient and Modern History, Ac Ac, and Editor of Pinncck'i
Improved editions of Goldsmith's Greece, Rome, and England.
ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.
TWENTY-FIFTH AMERICAN FROM THE THIRD INGUSH EDITION.

PINNOCK'S ROME,
REVISED EDITION,
PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF ROM!,
TO WHICH 18 PREFIXED

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ROMAN HISTORY,

AND A GREAT VARIETY OF INFORMATION THROUGHOUT THI WORK,
ON THE MANNERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE ROMANS ;
WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION.
SIXTY-FIFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE TWENTY-THIRD LONDON EDITION, IMPROVED

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D.,
WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS.

PINNOCK'S GREECE,
REVISED EDITION,
PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF GREEC1,
REVISED, CORRECTED, AND VERY CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED,
BY THE ADDITION OF SEVERAL NEW CHAPTERS, AND NUMEROUS
USEFUL NOTES.
WITH QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION.
FORTY-FIFTH AMERICAN, FROM THE NINETEENTH LONDON EDITION, IMPROVED

BY W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D.,
WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, BY ATHERTON AND OTHERS.
Finnock's Series have been recommended by several State Superin*
tendents for the School Libraries of their respective States, and great
numbers oi them have been sold for that purpose. The present editions
of the Histories of England, Greece and Rome, were revised by the emi
cent Hi3torian, W. C. Taylor, LL.D., of Trinity College, Dublin, who
is also the author of the History of France. The different volumes of the
series are handtomelv illustrated and substantially bound.
(40)

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 IHSTOKICAL SERIES.

HISTORICAL SCHOOL PUBLICATION

OP

CHARLES DESILVER.

LORD'S HISTORY.
SI 3Bita lintnrtj,

FROM THE TIME OF LUTHER TO THE FALL OF NAPOLEON

FOR THS U8S OF SCHOOLS AND COLLIQE8
BY JOHN LORD, A.M.,
LIOTUBKR ON IIISTOR7.

Of the fitness of Mr. Lord to prepare such a history, some opinion jui
e foiraed from a perusal of the English and American testimonials M hi*
Historical Lectures, a few of which are appended.

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 MATHEMATICAL WORKS.

VZBOimA MZLZTAB7 INSTITUT1

MATHEMATICAL SERIES,
BY COL. FRANCIS H. SMITH,
SUP BE INTER DENT OF THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE—

INTRODUCTION TO SMITH AND DUKE'S

ARITHMETIC.
BY FRANCIS [Link], A.M.

AMERICAN STATISTICAL ARITHMETIC.

DESIGNED FOR ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS.
BY FRANCIS H. SMITH, A.M.
Superintendent and Professor of Mathematics In the Virginia Military Instate; la*
Professor of Mathematics in Hampden Sydney College, and formerly Assistant
Professor in the United States Military Academy, West Point;

And R. T. W. DUKE,
Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the Virginia Military Institute.

THIRD EDITION.

KEY TO SMITH AND DUKE'S AMERICAN

STATISTICAL ARITHMETIC.
PREPARED 8Y WILLIAM FORBES,
Uw Virgin!* Military Institute.
Aatotaat ProfcMor of Mattnmatics In

A^WA^AAAAA^VAAAA<»AA^>A^»A^W^*^Ai^A^A^W^»A»AAP

SMITH'S ALGEBRA.
AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON ALGEBRA,
lUPARKD FOR THE USE OF TnE CADETS OF THE VIRGINIA MTLTTAH
INSTITUTE,AND ADAPTKD TO THE PRESENT STATE OF M ATI IE
MATICAL INSTRUCTION IN THE SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES,
AND COLLEGES OF THE UNITED STATES.
BY FRANCIS H SMITH, A.M.
This work is designed to present as complete an Elementary course o.
Algebra, as the time devoted to the study of Mathematics in the College.
of our country will allow ; while it will be equally within the compreaea*
'

•ion of the pupil of the High School or Academy,

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 SARGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKER.
JUST PUBLISHED,
In one demi- octavo volume of 658 page*.

THE STANDARD SPEAKER,

coHtAnmro

€xmaa fa $tm nui $nrtrt(,

FOR DECLAMATION IN SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, LYCEUMS, COLLEGES.
, iwly translated or compiled from celebrated Orators, Authors, and popular
Debaters, ancient and modern.

A TREATISE ON ORATORY AND ELOCUTION,

WITH NOTES EXPLANATORY AND BIOGRJ PHICAL.
BT EPES SARGENT.
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This work has been compiled with great care, and conta^s a majority of
sew pieces. It is far more comprehensive than any similar work, and if
adapted for use not only as a Speaker, bnt to the general reader, as a oolleo-
tion containing many new, rare, and elegant extracts.
From among a great number of commendatory notices received
essayists, the press, and teachers of elocution, a few are subjoined.

From E. P. Whipple, Esq., the well-known Euayut and OrtHe.

We have no hositation in saying that this is the best compilation of the

kind, in the variety and in the comprehensiveness of its selections, which
has been made on either side of the Atlantic The Various pieces are selected
with great judgment from a long array of celebrated orators and writers.
A good portion of the work is devoted to extracts from late speeches in
France, England, and America, which have never before appeared in a col-
lection of the kind; and the works of the great masters of eloquence,
Chatham, Burke, Pitt, Fox, Grattan, Emmett, Shiel, and Webster, have been
carefully studied for new specimens. The original translations from the
French are admirably executed, and add a novel feature to the work. The
•mount of editorial labor expended on the whole compilation must havt
—
Men very great greater, we think, than that of any other Speaker.
The introductory treatise on Oratory and Elocution is a model of con*
iensation, full of matter, clear, sensible, and available in every part. Njft
only is the volume admirably adapted to serve its primal purpose as a
Speaker, but to the general reader it will be found to be a most stimulating
and attractive book, better than any work of "elegant extracts" wt havt

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 SARGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKER.
i/Mv>iVwv\.v

From the Knickerbocker (N, Y.) Magazine.

While lie (the compiler) has retained all the indispensable masterpiece*,
and restored many that have been omitted from the collections the last
twenty years, he has given an amount of fresh, new, and appropriate mat*
ter, that will astonish and delight the youthful prize-seeking orators of our

academies and schools. He has translated from Mirabeau and Victor Huge
a number of speeches of appropriate length, that will become as familiar aa
the " Give me liberty or give mo death' speech of Patrick Henry.
1

from B. S. Dixwell, Esq., late Principal of the Public Latin School, Boston,
The volume seems me
be a very valuable one, and to contain more
to to
Available matter than any book of the kind I ever saw. Beside the old
standard pieces, you have given us a great many new ones, and, to my sur-
prise, have put a new vigor into some of the old translations, which make*
them quite new and redolent of their originals.

From the Lowell Courier,

The whole range of ancient and modern oratory, pulpit, forensic, or occa-
sional, as well as of poetry, dramatic, lyrical, or epic, has been explored, and
the choicest gems from each brought together into this literary casket. The
volume should be on the table of every friend of elegant letters, as a collec-
tion of rare and beautiful extracts, to be read and read again.

From the Boston Daily Advertiser.

The volume deserves to be, what its title claims, a "Staxdabd

Bpkajub."

From the New York Express,

The Standard Speaker one of the most superbly executed works thai
is

tver emanated from the American press, and is the best book for the pur-
poses for which it was designed, ever issued in the language. It mart
become a standard school-book, wherever reading and elocution are taught

From the New York Home Journal.

The chimerical "systems," through which a short out to the attainment
•f good elocution is promised, are set down at their true value. All the
available information on the subject summed up. The principal de-
is here
partment is the Senatorial ;and this is much more full and satisfactory thai
anything of the kind that has yet appeared in any elocutionary collection-

It is adapted to the wants of the whole Union, and not of a section, New
Orleans Picayune,
(20)

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 SARGENT'S SELECTIONS IN POETRY.

SELECTIONS IN POETRY,
FOR EXERCISES AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME.
EDITED BY EPES SARGENT.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY BILLINGS AND OTHERS.

This beautiful collection has been received with scarcely less enthusiasm
&an the well-known " Standard Speaker," compiled by the same author.

NOTICES OF THE PRESS.

From the Home Journal,
" Many a school will be enlightened, and many a fireside enlivened by
the perusal of these pure and beautiful effusions of the muse."

From the Boston Traveller,

•• The editor, w»th an observant and practised eye, seems to have ranged
he whole field of Deriodical literature, and to have culled therefrom a rare
ollection of unfnH'ng flowers. The volume is an excellent one for the use
f schools, and no less valuable as a table and literary companion."

From the Boston Journal

" Every p»*c? in the book is a gem. British and American collections
»f poetry have been rifled of their choicest sweets, to make up the
ontents."

From Godey's Lady's Book,

"The selections are most jndicious, chaste and numerous, and the
Uustrations beautiful."

From a Roxbury (Mass,) Paper.

" We certainly know of no collection of English poetry that at all ap-
iroaches this in value."

From the Boston Commonwealth.

"The artists, in the illustrations which adorn this book, have shown a
tne appreciation of the thoughts of the poets."

From the Cambridge (Mass.) Chronicle.

" We believe this to be the best collection of English poetry that can
» found in any single volnme, of similar size."
(23)

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