3.
10 PROBLEMS
3.10.1 Table below shows raw data of field density test carried out on road-base layer using sand
replacement method. Determine the degree of compaction achieved. Comments.
Mass of sand in cone (m2), (g) 1275
Bulk density of sand, s =ma/V, (g/cm3) 1.255
Maximum dry density of soil, MDD (g/cm3)
Chainage 1750L 1250R 750L 9800C
Mass of moist soil from hole (mw), (g) 4450 3985 4070 4585
Mass of sand + cylinder before pouring (m4), (g) 7655 7290 7015 6695
Mass of sand + cylinder after pouring (m5), (g) 3720 3715 3385 3115
Mass of sand in hole (mb = m4-m5-m2), (g)
Bulk density of soil, = (mw/mb) x s, (g/cm3)
Mass of container, (g) 37.9 37.4 37.9 36.3
Mass of container + moist soil, (g) 112.8 114.5 114.7 109.7
Mass of container + dry soil, (g) 110.5 112.4 113.2 108.0
Moisture content, (w), (%)
Dry density of soil, d = 100/(100+w), (g/cm3)
Relative compaction, DOC = 100d/MDD, (%)
Laboratory compaction data for the crushed aggregate are:
Moisture Bulk density, Dry density,
Content, % Mg/m3 Mg/m3
2.4 2.135
4.3 2.249
6.8 2.323
9.1 2.319
11.9 2.310
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3.10.2 Tabulated below are cored sample data, extraction and sieve analysis conducted on paved
Cement-treated base (CTB), AC 28 and AC 14 layers. Marshall bulk specific gravity for AC 28 and
AC 14 are 2.335 and 2.359 with optimum bitumen contents of 4.8 and 5.3% respectively.
Determine whether the paving works and materials used are acceptable. Explain your decision.
Layer AC28 AC14
Mass of cored sample in air, (g) 1231.7 985.8
Mass of cored sample in water, (g) 686.3 547.1
Mass of cored sample saturated surface dry , (g) 1239.6 986.3
Bulk specific gravity of cored sample
Degree of compaction, (%)
Chainage AC28 AC14
Mass of sample, w1 (g) 1187.6 1151.3
Mass of filter ring, w2 (g) 14.1 14.2
Mass of filter ring + filler, w3 (g) 14.7 15.6
Mass of extracted sample, w4 (g) 1124.2 1084.5
Bitumen content, 100[w1- (w3+w4-w2)]/w1, (%)
Percent passing (%) Mass retained on the specified sieve
Sieve size Grading Limits (g)
ACB28 AC14 ACB28 ACW20
50.0 mm
37.5 mm 0.0
28 mm 100 0.0 0.0
20 mm 72 - 90 100 58.8 0
14 mm 58– 76 90 - 100 185.6 48.9
10 mm 48 – 64 76 - 86 103.5 217.1
5 mm 30 – 46 50 - 62 227.5 92.3
3.35 mm 24 – 40 40 - 54 85.4 173.7
1.18 mm 14 – 28 18 - 34 146.6 130.3
600 m - - - -
425 m 8 – 20 12 - 24 125.2 162.8
150 m 4 - 10 6 - 14 80.8 57.6
75 m 3–7 4-8 39.2 20.6
Pan
TOTAL
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3.10.3 A 20 km asphaltic concrete road with a width of 7.5 m will be build. Tabulated below is
information about the proposed project:
Thicknes Density
Layer Material Specification Cost
s (mm) (Mg/m3)
Wearing
AC14 50 2.33 > 98 % RM 180.00/ton
Course
Emulsion
Tack Coat 0.25 – 0.55 l/m2 RM 180.00/drum*
RS-1K
Binder
AC28 75 2.35 > 95 % RM 170.00/ton
Course
Emulsion
Prime Coat 0.5 – 1.0 l/m2 RM 150.00/drum
SS-1K
*
Crushed
Road Base 350 2.20 > 95 % RM 35.00/ton
Aggregate
RM 50.00/m3 (at
Subbase Sand 150 2.00 > 95 % loose density of 1.3
Mg/m3)
*1 drum = 180 liter
Calculate the minimum quantity of material required for each layer and the total material cost
for the proposed project.
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