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This special guide is prepared

on the basis of New Syllabus
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and Govt. Key

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Vivek Illam, No. 19, Raj Nagar, N.G.O. ‘A’ Colony,

Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli - 627 007.
Ph: 0462 - 2553186
Cell : 94433 81701, 94422 69810, 90474 74696 255 /-
81110 94696, 89400 02320, 89400 02321
 Published by

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Author:
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P. Simon Navis [Link](CS)., [Link]., [Link]., MBA.,

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 PREFACE
“Loyola Computer Science “ is in your hands.
  
Students with average IQ always struggle to cope up studies. They

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always seek for the best, sources to learn and score high marks.
The pattern of the question being asked in the exams has changed
  
dramatically and the difficulty level has also increased considerably. To

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succeed in board exams and to actualize your dream, you are required

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to prepare strategically and study in a focused manner.
This book gives important tips which covers the entire chapter.
  
Loyola serves the above cited purpose in perfect manner.

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➢ Specially designed for coaching students of different levels.
(Slow learners, average and Topper students)
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➢ Lot of additional questions are given for toppers
➢ The “EC Computer Science” is prepared with due care on the lines
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of the Govt. Examination Valuation, the easy method of studying, the
lesson and the perfect way of answering the questions.
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➢ The answers are well prepared, briefly and easily for the students to
 
study without any difficulty and stress.
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➢ Simplified text matter

➢ Focused on coverage of textbook.
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➢ MCQ’s are framed based on new pattern.

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➢ Included Govt. question papers with their key.

➢ Comprehensive questions are designed for average and above
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average students based on key points.
Wish you All the Best

Loyola Publication
 CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title PAGE

UNIT I –FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER AND WORKING WITH

A TYPICAL OPERATING SYSTEMS (WINDOWS & LINUX)

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1 Introduction to Computers 5
2 Number Systems 21
3 Computer Organization 46

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4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System 56

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5 Working with Windows Operating System 65
UNIT II-ALGORITHMIC PROBLEM SOLVING
6 Specification and Abstraction 75

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7 Composition and Decomposition 83
8 Iteration and recursion 97
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UNIT III – INTRODUCTION TO C++
9 Introduction to C++ 107
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10 Flow of Control 134

11 Functions 153
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12 Arrays and Structures 167

UNIT IV - OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++
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Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

13 Techniques
180

14 Classes and objects 188

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15 Polymorphism 205

16
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Inheritance 214

UNIT V - COMPUTER ETHICS AND CYBER SECURITY

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17 Computer Ethics and Cyber Security 229

18 Tamil Computing 239

Govt. Exam - March 2023 246

UNIT
Loyola
1
EC 11th ◊ Computer Science
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
I
CHAPTER

Introduction to Computers-An Overview

Computer:
It is an electronic device that processes the input according to the set of instructions provided

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➢ 

to it and gives the desired output at a very fast rate.

Vacuum tube:
➢ Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for controlling electron flow and were used in early


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computers as a switch or an amplifier.
Transistors:

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➢ The transistor (“transfer resistance”) is made up of semi-conductors.


➢
 It is a component used to control the amount of current or voltage used for amplification/


modulation of an electronic signal.

Punched cards:

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➢ Punch cards also known as Hollerith cards are paper cards containing several punched or


perforated holes that were punched by hand or machine to represent data.

Machine Language:
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➢ Machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets.


Assembly language:
➢ An assembly language is a low-level programming language.

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Integrated Circuits:
➢ The IC is a package containing many circuits, pathways, transistors, and other electronic


components all working together to perform a particular function or a series of functions.

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Microcomputer:
➢ Micro computer is used to describe a standard personal computer.


High-level languages:
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➢ A high-level language is a computer programming language that isn’t limited by the



computer, designed for a specific job, and is easier to understand.

Natural Language Processing (NLP):
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➢ Natural Language Processing is a method used in artificial intelligence to process and derive


meaning from the human language.

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Robotics:
➢ Robot is a term coined by Karel Capek in the 1921 to play RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots).
➢ It is used to describe a computerized machine designed to respond to input received manually
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or from its surroundings.

Nanotechnology:
➢ Nanotechnology is an engineering, science, and technology that develops machines or works


with one atom or one molecule that is 100 nanometers or smaller.

Bioengineering:
➢
 A discipline that applies engineering principles of design and analysis to biological systems


and biomedical technologies.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

PART I - TEXT BOOK EVALUATION

Section - A
Choose the Correct answer
1. First generation computers used 6. Which one of the following is used to in


(a) Vacuum tubes ATM machines

(a) Touch Screen (b) Speaker

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(b) Transistors
(c) Integrated circuits (c) Monitor (d) Printer
Ans : (a) Touch Screen
(d) Microprocessors 

7. When a system restarts which type of

Ans : (a) Vacuum tubes


booting is used.

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2. Name the volatile memory March-2023


(a) Warm booting (b) Cold booting

(a) ROM (b) PROM

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(c) Touch boot (d) Real boot
(c) RAM (d) EPROM Ans : (a) Warm booting
Ans : (c) RAM 8. Expand POST
3. Identify the output device March-2020 (a) Post on self Test

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(a) Keyboard (b) Memory (b) Power on Software Test

(c) Monitor (d) Mouse (c) Power on Self Test
Ans : (c) Monitor (d) Power on Self Text
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Ans : (c) Power on Self Test
4. Identify the input device
(a) Printer (b) Mouse 9. Which one of the following is the main


memory?
(c) Plotter (d) Projector
(a) ROM (b) RAM
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Ans : (b) Mouse

(c) Flash drive (d) Hard disk
5. _____ Output device is used for printing


Ans : (b) RAM

building plan.


10. Which generation of computer used IC’s?

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(a) Thermal printer (b) Plotter (a) First (b) Second

(c) Dot matrix (d) Inkjet printer (c) Third (d) Fourth
Ans : (b) Plotter Ans : (c) Third
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Section - B
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Very Short Answers

1. What is a computer?
Computer is an electronic device that processes the input according to the set of
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instructions provided to it and gives the desired output at a very fast rate.
2. Distinguish between data and information.
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Data Information
Data is defined as an unprocessed collection
Information is a collection of facts from
of raw facts, suitable for communication,
which conclusions may be drawn.
interpretation or processing.
Example: 134, 17 ‘Helena’, ‘C” Example: Helena is 17 years old

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

3. What are the components of a CPU?

 The CPU has three components which are Control Unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
and Memory unit.
4. What is the function of an ALU?  March-2020
➢
 The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data.


➢
 The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,


division and logical operations.

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➢
 The result of an operation is stored in internal memory of CPU.


5. Write the functions of control unit.  March-2023

 The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It
also controls the entire operation of a computer.

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6. What is the function of memory?

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 Memory unit is used to temporarily store the programs and data when the instructions are
ready to execute.
7. Differentiate Input and Output unit.

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Input Unit Output Unit
Input unit is used to feed any form of data An output unit is any hardware component
to the computer which can be stored in the that conveys information to users in an
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memory unit for further processing. understandable form.
Example: Keyboard, Mouse etc., Example: Printer, Monitor etc.,
8. Distinguish Primary and Secondary memory.
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Primary Memory Secondary memory

It is used to temporarily store the programs It is used to store the data permanently.
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and data when the instructions are ready to

execute.
It is volatile, the content is lost when the It is non-volatile, the content is available
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power supply is switched off. even after the power supply is switched off.
Example: RAM. Example: CD-ROM, DVD ROM,Hard Disk
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Section - C
Short Answers
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1. What are the characteristics of a computer?  March-2023

 Important computer characteristics are Speed, Accuracy, Storage Capacity, Versatility and
Diligence.
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a) Speed :
 Computer is very fast calculating device. It can execute basic operations like subtraction,
addition, multiplication and division at a few microseconds. It can move and copy data at a
speed in the order of billion instruction per second.
b) Accuracy :
 Computer always gives accurate results. The accuracy of Computer does not go down
when they are used continuously for hours together. It always gives accurate results.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

c) Storage capacity :
 Computer have a very large storage capacity. A large volume of information can be stored
in the memory of computer and information can be retrieved correctly when desired.
d) Versatility :
➢ The working of computer with different types of data is known as versatility.
 


➢ That means computer can perform different types of job efficiently.

 

➢ Computer can works with different type of data and information such as visuals, text,
 

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graphics & video etc. So, versatility is a most important characteristic of computer.
e) Diligence :
 A Computer can work for long hours with the same accuracy and speed because it is free
from problems of boredom or lack of concentration

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2. Write the applications of computer.
Computers play a vital role in our day to day life in the fields education, research, travel and

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tourism, weather forecasting, social networking, e-commerce, Banking, Insurance, Robotics

etc.
3. What is an input device? Give two examples.

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➢ Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the


memory unit for further processing.

➢ Example: Keyboard, mouse etc.
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4. Name any three output devices.
Printer, Plotter ,Speakers ,Multimedia Projector, Monitor
5. Differentiate optical and Laser mouse.
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Optical Mouse Laser Mouse

Optical Mouse uses light source instead of
Laser Mouse uses Laser Light.
ball to judge the motion of the pointer.
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Optical mouse is less sensitive Laser Mouse is highly sensitive

Laser Mouse is highly can be used on any
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Optical mouse can be used towards surface.

hard surface.
6. Write short note on impact printer.
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Impact printers:
➢ Impact printers print with striking of hammers or pins on ribbon.
➢ Impact printers can print on multipart (using carbon papers) by using mechanical pressure.
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Example: Dot Matrix printers and Line matrix printers.

➢ Dot matrix printer that prints using a fixed number of pins or wires.
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➢ Line matrix printers use a fixed print head for printing.

7. Write the characteristics of sixth generation.
➢ Parallel and Distributed computing.
➢ Computers have become smarter, faster and smaller.
➢ Development of robotics.
➢ Natural Language Processing.
➢ Development of Voice Recognition Software.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

8. Write the significant features of monitor.

➢  Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information. It looks like
a TV.
➢ Pictures on a monitor are formed with picture elements called PIXELS. Monitors may either


be Monochrome which display text or images in Black and White or can be color, which
display results in multiple colors.
➢ There are many types of monitors available such as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid


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Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes).
Section - D
Explain in details
1. Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram. March-2019

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Basic components of a computer:

➢ Input unit

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➢ Central Processing Unit(Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit)
➢ Output Unit
➢ Memory Unit

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Function of a computer:
➢ Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle).It needs


certain input, processes that input and produces the desired output.
➢ The input unit takes the input, the central processing unit does the processing of data and
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the output unit produces the output.

➢ The memory unit holds the data and instructions during the processing.
Input Unit:
➢ Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the
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memory unit for further processing.

Example: Keyboard, mouse etc.
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Control Unit
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ALU
Input Unit Output Unit
Internal
Memory Data Path
Control Path
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Main Memory

Secondary Storage
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components of a computer
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Central Processing Unit:

➢ CPU is the major component which interprets and executes software instructions.
➢ CPU controls the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units.


➢ It accepts binary data as input, process the data according to the instructions and provide the


result as output.
➢ The CPU has three components which are Control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and


Memory unit.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

Arithmetic and Logic Unit: Merits/ Demerits :

➢  The ALU is a part of the CPU where ➢ Big in size
various computing functions are ➢ Consumed more power
performed on data. ➢ Malfunction due to overheat
➢ The ALU performs arithmetic ➢ Machine Language was used
operations such as addition, subtraction, Example: ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC 1
multiplication, division and logical Second Generation Computer:
operations. Year : 1956-1964

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➢ The result of an operation is stored in Main Component: Transistors
Merits/ Demerits :


internal memory of CPU.

➢ The logical operations of ALU promote the ➢ Smaller compared to First Generation
➢ Generated Less Heat


decision-making ability of a computer.

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Control Unit: ➢  Consumed less power compared to first
generation
➢ The control unit controls the flow of

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➢ Punched cards were used


data between the CPU, memory and I/O

➢ First operating system was developed -
devices.


Batch Processing and Multiprogramming

➢ Control Unit controls the entire operation Operating System

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of a computer. ➢ Machine language as well as Assembly
Output Unit:


language was used.

 An Output Unit is any hardware Example: IBM 1401, IBM 1620,
component that conveys information to
 

UNIVAC 1108
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users in an understandable form. Third Generation Computer:
Example: Monitor, Printer etc. Year : 1964-1971
Memory Unit: Main Component: Integrated Circuits (IC)
➢ The Memory Unit is of two types which Merits/ Demerits :
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are a primary memory and secondary ➢  Computers were smaller, faster and more
memory. reliable
➢ The primary memory is used to temporarily ➢ Consumed less power.
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store the programs and data when the ➢ High-Level Languages were used
instructions are ready to execute. Example:
➢ The secondary memory is used to store the IBM 360 series, Honeywell 6000 series
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Fourth Generation Computer:



data permanently.
➢ The Primary Memory is volatile, that is, Year: 1971-1980
Main Component:


the content is lost when the power supply

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Microprocessor - Very Large Scale

is switched off.


Integrated Circuits (VLSI)

➢ The Random Access Memory (RAM) is an Merits/ Demerits:
example of the main memory.
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➢ Smaller and Faster

➢ The Secondary memory is non-volatile, ➢  Microcomputer series such as IBM and
that is, the content is available even after APPLE were developed
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the power supply is switched off. ➢ Portable Computers were introduced

➢ Hard disk, CD-ROM and DVD ROM are Fifth Generation Computer:
examples of secondary memory. Year: 1980-till date
Main Component:
2. Discuss the various generations of


Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)

computers. March-2023
Merits/ Demerits:


First Generation Computer:

Year : 1940-1956 ➢ Parallel, Processing
Main Component: Vacuum tubes ➢ Super conductors

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

➢ Computers size was drastically reduced. ➢ Inkjet printers work by spraying ionised


➢ Can recognise Images and Graphics ink at a sheet of paper.

➢ Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and ➢ The speed of Inkjet printers generally


Expert Systems ranges from 1-20 PPM (Page Per Minute).

➢ Able to solve high complex problems ➢ They use the technology of firing ink by


including decision making and logical heating it so that it explodes towards the
reasoning paper in bubbles or by using piezoelectricity
Sixth Generation Computer: in which tiny electric currents controlled

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Year: In future by electronic circuits are used inside the
Merits/ Demerits: printer to spread ink in jet speed.
➢ Parallel and Distributed computing ➢ An Inkjet printer can spread millions of


➢ Computers have become smarter, faster dots of ink at the paper every single second.

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and smaller b. Multimedia Projectors:

Multimedia projectors are used to produce

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➢ Development of robotics ➢ 

➢ Natural Language Processing computer output on a big screen.

➢ Development of Voice Recognition ➢ These are used to display presentations in


meeting halls or in classrooms.



Software

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c. Bar Code / QR Code Reader:
3. Explain the following: ➢ A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of
a. Inkjet Printer


different thickness.
b. Multimedia projector ➢ The Bar code reader scans the information
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c. Bar code / QR code Reader on the bar codes transmits to the Computer
a. Inkjet Printers: for further processing.
➢ Inkjet Printers use colour cartridges which ➢ The system gives fast and error free entry


combined Magenta, Yellow and Cyan inks of information into the computer.
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to create colour tones. QR (Quick Response) Code:

➢ A black cartridge is also used for  The QR code is the two dimension bar
monochrome output. code which can be read by a camera and
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processed to interpret the image.

PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

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I. Choose the best answer

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1. ________ is the first calculating device


4. __________is the component used in


(a) ENIAC (b) Analytical Engine second generation computers.

(c) IBM 1401 (d) Abacus
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(a) Transistors (b) VLSI

Ans: (d) Abacus

(c) Vacuum tubes (d) ULSI



2. Analytical engine was invented in ______ Ans: (a) Transistors

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(a) 1837 (b) 1911



(c) 1992 (d) 1839  Ans: (a) 1837 5. The period of Second generation


3. The period of first generation computer is


computers is ________.
___________. (a) 1956-1964 (b) 1956-1969
(a) 1956-1967 (b) 1940-1956 (c) 1980-1997 (d) 1964-1974
(c) 1964-1971 (d) 1980-1995 Ans: (a) 1956-1964
Ans: (b) 1940-1956


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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

6. The period of Third generation computers 14. Computer is the combination of ______.


is _______. (a) Programs, Data

(a) 1942-1956 (b) 1956-1965 (b) hardware , software
(c) 1964-1971 (d) 1984-1990 (c) software, firmware
 Ans: (c) 1964-1971 (d) Data, Information
7. _______ component was used in third  Ans: (b) hardware, software
generation computers.

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15. ________ holds the data and instructions


(a) VLSI (b) Transistors during the processing.

(c) IC (d) ULSI Ans: (c) IC (a) ROM (b) EEPROM
8. The period of fourth generation computer (c) Memory unit (d) SDRAM

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is ________.  Ans: (c) Memory unit

(a) 1942-1956 (b) 1971-1980

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16. ________ is the Expansion of CPU.
(c) 1964-1974 (d) 1980-1998


(a) Control proceeding unit

Ans: (b) 1971-1980
(b) Central processor unified


9. _______ is the component used in fourth (c) Central processing unit

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generation computers. (d) Control processing unit

(a) ICS (b) ULSI  Ans: (c) Central processing unit
(c) VLSI (d) Transistor
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17. In ______________Optical Mouse was

Ans: (c) VLSI



invented.


10. The period of fifth generation computers



(a) 1964 (b) 1976

is ______________. (c) 1988 (d) 1986
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(a) 1971-1983 (b) 1980-till date Ans: (c) 1988

(c) 1964-1974 (d) 1940-1957


Ans: (b) 1980-till date 18. CPS Expansion is _____

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(a) Character per second



11. In _____ generation Robotics was



(b) Copy per section

developed.
(c) Code per Segment
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(a) Fourth (b) Third

(d) Character per script
(c) Fifth (d) Sixth Ans: (d) Sixth
Ans: (a) Character per second

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12. Expansion of NLP is _______________

19. VLSI expansion is______________.


(a) Natural Language Problem



(a) Vertical lexical stage integrated circuits

(b) Natural Language Processing
 
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(b) Verified logical small integer circuits

(c) Network Landing Program
(c) Very large scale integrated circuits
(d) Network Locality Program
(d) Voltage large scale integrated circuits
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Ans: (b) Natural Language Processing

Ans: (c) Very large scale integrated circuits


13. Expansion of ANN is ____________



20. _______ interprets and executes software



(a) Automated Neural Network 

(b) Aligned Neurons Network instructions.

(c) Artificial Neural Network (a) CPU (b) Keyboard
(d) Artificial New Network (c) Program (d) Memory Unit
 Ans: (c) Artificial Neural Network  Ans: (a) CPU

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

21. _________ device used CCD chip.

 28. CPS expansion is _______________.



(a) Printer
(b) Scanner (a) Character Per Seconds
(c) Plotter
(d) Digital Camera (b) Character Per Second
 Ans: (d) Digital Camera (c) Calculations Per Second
22. CRT expansion is _____
 (d) Correction Per Second
(a) Cathode Ray Tube  Ans: (b) Character Per Second

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(b) Cathode Radio Tabular
29. LED expansion is ______.
(c) Cathod Rays Technology


(d) Cathode Radix Technology (a) Light Emitting Diode

Ans: (a) Cathode Ray Tube (b) Lifted Eluster Display

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(c) Liquid Erystal Display

23. LCD expansion is _____
(d) Laptop Extract Display


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(a) Lifted Cathode Diodes
(b) Lifted Cluster Display  Ans: (a) Light Emitting Diode
(c) Liquid Crystal Display 30. USB - expansion is _______.


(d) Laptop Cyber Display

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(a) Uniform Serious Bus
 Ans: (c) Liquid Crystal Display (b) Uniform Serial Bus
24. VGA expansion is ______ (c) Universal Serial Bus

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(a) Visualize Graphing Adapter (d) Universal Serial BAS
(b) Video Graphing Adapting  Ans: (c) Universal Serial Bus
(c) Video Graphics Array
(d) Voice Graphite Array 31. ALU - expansion is _______________.
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 Ans: (c) Video Graphics Array (a) Accumulator Logical Unit

(b) Arithmetic Logical Unit
25. _____________ is considered as the father
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(c) Arithmetic Language Unit



of computers.
(a) Charles Babbage (b) William (d) Arithmatic Logic Unit
(c) John Napier (d) Blaise Pascal Ans: (b) Arithmetic Logical Unit
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 Ans: (a) Charles Babbage 32. CCD - expansion is _________.



26. ENIAC was invented by _______________. (a) Camera Charged Device

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(a) J. Presper Eckert & John Mauchly (b) Charged Coupled Device
(b) J. Napier (c) Changed Couple Device
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(c) J. Van Nueman & Herman Hollerith (d) Couple Changed Device
(d) J. Mauchaley Ans: (b) Charged Coupled Device
Ans: (a) J. Presper Eckert & John Mauchly

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33. GUI - expansion is _______________.

27. BIOS expansion is _______


(a) Geographical User Interfade



(a) Basic Input Output System

(b) Bipolar Input Output System (b) Graphical User Informative
(c) Battery Input Output Systems (c) Geographical User Information
(d) Booting Input Output Systems (d) Graphical User Interface
 Ans: (a) Basic Input Output System  Ans: (d) Graphical User Interface

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

II. Answer the following questions (2 & 3 Marks)

1. Write short notes on First Generation
 4. Write short notes on Fourth Generation


Computer. Computer
First Generation Computer: Fourth Generation Computer:
Year: 1940-1956 Year: 1971-1980
Main Component: Vacuum tubes Main Component: Microprocessor Very

.in
Merits/ Demerits:


Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI)

➢ Big in size Merits/ Demerits:
➢ Consumed more power ➢ Smaller and Faster
➢ Malfunction due to overheat

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➢ Microcomputer series such as IBM and
➢ Machine Language was used


APPLE were developed

Example: ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC 1

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➢ Portable Computers were introduced
2. Write short notes on Second Generation
5. Write short notes on Fifth Generation


Computer. 

Second Generation Computer: Computer.

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Year: 1956-1964 Fifth Generation Computer:
Main Component: Transistors Year: 1980-till date
Merits/ Demerits: Main Component: Ultra Large Scale
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➢ Smaller compared to First Generation Integration (ULSI)

➢ Generated Less Heat Merits/ Demerits:
➢ Consumed less power compared to first ➢ Parallel, Processing
generation ➢ Super conductors
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➢ Punched cards were used ➢ Computers size was drastically reduced.

➢ First operating system was developed - ➢ Can recognize Images and Graphics
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Batch Processing and Multiprogramming ➢  Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and

Operating System Expert Systems
➢ Machine language as well as Assembly ➢ Able to solve high complex problems
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language was used.



including decision making and logical

Example: IBM 1401, IBM 1620, UNIVAC reasoning
 

1108
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6. Write short notes on Sixth Generation

3. Write short notes on Third Generation


Computer


Computer.
Sixth Generation Computer:
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Third Generation Computer:

Year: 1964-1971 Year: In future
Main Component: Integrated Circuits (IC) Merits/ Demerits:
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Merits/ Demerits: ➢ Parallel and Distributed computing

➢  Computers were smaller, faster and more ➢  Computers have become smarter faster
reliable and smaller
➢ Consumed less power. ➢ Development of robotics
➢ High-Level Languages were used ➢ Natural Language Processing
Example: IBM 360 series, Honeywell 6000
 
➢  Development of Voice Recognition
series Software

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

7. Give notes on Keyboard. 13. Write notes on VGA.

Keyboard: ➢ The screen monitor works with the VGA


➢  The data and instructions are given as (Video Graphics Array).

input to the computer by typing on the ➢ The video graphics card helps the keyboard


keyboard to communicate with the screen.

➢ Keyboard (wired 1 wireless, virtual) is the ➢ It acts as an interface between the computer


and display monitor.



most common input device used today.

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➢ Usually, the recent motherboard
➢ The individual keys for letters, numbers


incorporates built-in video card.



and special characters are collectively

known as character keys. 14. Write the two main categories of Printer.


➢ This keyboard-layout is derived from the Printers are divided into two main

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categories:


keyboard of original typewriter.

➢ Impact Printers

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8. Expand VLSI,ULSI


➢ Non Impact printers

➢ VLSI - Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.
15. Write notes on Non-Impact printers.
➢ ULSI - Ultra Large Scale Integration.


➢ Non-Impact printers do not use striking

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9. Write notes on NLP.


mechanism for printing.
➢ Natural Language Processing is the ability ➢  Non-Impact use electrostatic and laser
of a computer program to understand technology.
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human language. ➢  Quality and speed of these printers is
➢ Natural Language Processing is a better than Impact printers.
Example : Laser printers and Inkjet


component of artificial intelligence.  

printers.
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10. Write notes on CPU.

16. Differentiate keyer and keyboard.


➢ CPU is the major component which



➢ Keyer is a device for signaling by hand, by



interprets and executes software



way of pressing one or more switches.

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instructions. ➢ Modem keyers have. a large number of

➢ CPU controls the operation of all other


switches but not as many as a full size

components such as memory unit, input keyboard.
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and output units. ➢ Typically, this number is between 4 and 50.

11. Write a note on Digital Camera. ➢ Keyer differs from a keyboard, which has

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“no board”, but the keys are arranged in a



➢ Digital Camera captures images / videos

cluster.


directly in the digital form.

➢ It uses a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) 17. Write any two pointing device.
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electronic chip. ➢ Mouse

➢ When light falls on the chip through the ➢ Light pen

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lens, it converts light rays into digital 18. Define Pixels.



format. Pictures on a monitor are formed with



picture elements called PIXELS.

12. Name the types of Monitors.


➢ CRT- Cathode Ray Tube 19. Expand BIOS ,POST



➢ LCD - Liquid Crystal Display ➢ BIOS -Basic Input / Output System

➢ LED - Light Emitting Diodes ➢ POST-Power on Self Test.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

20. Expand ANN, OCR 27. Write notes on Assembly language.

➢ ANN- Artificial Neural networks  An assembly language is a low-level
➢ OCR -Optical Character Recognition programming language.
21. Give notes on Voice Input Systems:

28. Write notes on Integrated circuits.


Voice Input Systems: ➢ IC is short for Integrated Circuit or



➢ Microphone serves as a voice Input device. Integrated Chip.

➢ It captures the voice data and sends it to ➢ The IC is a package containing many

.in


circuits, pathways, transistors, and



the Computer.
➢ Using the microphone along with speech other electronic components all working
together to perform a particular function


recognition software can offer a completely

new approach to input information into or a series of functions.

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the Computer. 29. Write notes on Nano-technology.


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Nano-technology is an engineering,
22. Write notes on light pen. 

science, and technology that develops



➢ light pen is used to draw directly on to the

machines or works with one atom or one


screen.
molecule that is 100 nanometers or smaller.
➢ light pen is hard to use and not accurate.

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30. Write notes on Touch Screen.
23. Write notes on Vacuum tubes .


➢ A touch screen is a display device that



➢ Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for



allows the user to interact with a computer


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controlling electron flow and were used in by using the finger.
early computers as a switch or an amplifier. ➢ It can be quite useful as an alternative
➢ Vacuum tubes are big in size and consumed


to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a

more power. graphical user interface (GUI).
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24. Write notes on Transistor.


➢ Touch screens are used on a wide variety


➢ The transistor (“transfer resistance”) is of devices such as computer and laptop,

monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash

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made up of semiconductors.
➢ It is a component used to control the registers, and information kiosks.
➢ Some touch screens uses a grid of infrared


amount of current or voltage or used for 

beams to sense the presence of a finger

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amplification! modulation or switching of

instead of utilizing touch-sensitive input.
an electronic signal.
31. Write notes on High-level language.
25. Write notes on Punched cards.
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A high-level language is a computer



Punch cards also known as Hollerith



programming language that isn’t limited



cards are paper cards containing several

by the computer, designed for a specific
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punched or perforated holes that were

job and is easier to understand.
punched by hand or machine to represent
data. 32. Write notes on fifth generation computers.
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➢ Super Large Scale Integrated chips

26. Write notes on Machine language.


➢ Parallel Processing
➢  Machine language is a collection of binary ➢ Superconductors
digits or bits that the computer reads and ➢ Computers very small in size
interprets. ➢ Acts more faster
➢  In first generation, machined language ➢ Usage of High-level languages
was used. ➢ Can recognize Images and Graphs

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

➢  Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Software

➢  Able to solve high complex problems including decision making and logical reasoning.
33. Write notes on Hardware and software.


➢ Hardware are the physical components of a computer like motherboard, memory devices,


monitor, keyboard etc.

➢ Software is the set of programs or instructions.


➢ Both hardware and software together make the computer system function.

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34. Differentiate Impact Printers and Non-Impact Printers.



Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers

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Impact Printers print with striking of Non-Impact Printers do not use striking
hammers or pins on ribbon. mechanism for printing.

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Impact Printers can print on multi-part Non-Impact Printers cannot print on
(using carbon papers) multipart
Impact Printers using mechanical pressure Non-Impact Printers use electrostatic or
laser technology.

pr
Low Quality and less speed Quality and speed of these printers are
better than Impact printers.
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Example : Dot Matrix printers , Example : Laser printers, Inkjet printers
Line matrix printers
35. Differentiate Dot Matrix Printer and Laser Printer.

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Dot Matrix Printer Laser Printer

Dot Matrix Printers print with striking Laser Printers do not use striking mechanism
of hammers or pins on ribbon. for printing.
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Dot Matrix Printers can print on multi- Laser Printers cannot print on multi-part .
part (using carbon papers)
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Dot Matrix Printers use mechanical Laser Printers use electrostatic or laser
pressure technology.
Low Quality and less speed Quality and speed of Laser Printer is better
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than Dot Matrix Printer

36. Differentiate warm booting and cold booting?


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Cold Booting:
➢ When the system starts from initial state i.e. it is switched on, we call it cold booting or Hard


Booting.
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➢ When the user presses the Power button, the instructions are read from the ROM to initiate


the booting process.

Warm Booting:
➢ When the system restarts or when Reset button is pressed, we call it Warm Booting or Soft


Booting.
➢ The system does not start from initial state and so all diagnostic tests need not be carried out


in this case.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

➢ There are chances of data loss and system ➢

 It has (a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (b) Basic
damage as the data might not have been Flow Control (c) Integrated memory.
stored properly. ➢ The concept of Analytical engine led to the
37. Write notes on fingerprint scanner and


development of modem computers.

retinal scanner.
➢ So Charles Babbage is called as “Father of
Fingerprint Scanner:


➢ Finger print Scanner is a fingerprint Computer”.

.in


recognition device used for computer 41. What are the types of Booting?
security, equipped with the fingerprint


➢ Cold Booting
recognition feature that uses biometric
technology. ➢ Warm Booting

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➢ Fingerprint Reader / Scanner is a very safe 42.


Write notes on BIOS.

and convenient device for security instead


➢ An Operating system (OS) is a basic

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of using passwords, which is vulnerable to


fraud and is hard to remember. software that makes the computer to work.
➢ When a computer is switched on, there is
38. Write notes on Retinal Scanner. 

no information in its RAM.



Retinal Scanner:

pr
 Retinal Scanner performs a retinal scan ➢ At the same time, in ROM, the pre-written
which is a biometric technique that uses program called POST (Power on Self Test)
unique patterns on a person’s retinal blood will be executed first.
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vessels.
➢ This program checks if the devices
39. Write notes on Scanner.


like RAM, keyboard,etc.,are connected



➢ Scanners are used to enter the information

properly and ready to operate.


directly into the computer’s memory.

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➢ Scanners work like a Xerox machine. ➢ If these devices are ready, then the BIOS
➢ Scanners convert any type of printed

(Basic Input Output System) gets executed.
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or written information including ➢ This process is called Booting.

photographs into a digital format, which
➢ Thereafter, a program called “Bootstrap
can be manipulated by the computer.


Loader” transfers OS from hard disk into

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40. Write notes on Analytical Engine. Why

main memory.


Charles Babbage is called as “Father of

Computer”? ➢ Now the OS gets loaded (Windows/
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➢ Analytical engine was developed by

 Linux,etc.,) and will get executed.
Charles Babbage in 1837.
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III. Answer the following questions (5 Marks)

1. Explain Impact Printers, Non-Impact printers with an Example.
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Impact Printers:
➢ Impact Printers print with striking of hammers or pins on ribbon.
➢ These printers can print on multi-part (using carbon papers) by using mechanical pressure.
Example: Dot Matrix printers and Line matrix printers .
 

Dot matrix printer:

➢ A Dot matrix printer that prints using a fixed number of pins or wires.
➢ Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod, also called a “wire” or “pin”, which works by the
power of a tiny electromagnet or solenoid, either directly or through a set of small levers.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

➢
 It generally prints one line of text at a ➢  One of the chief characteristics of laser
time. The printing speed of these printers printer is their resolution - how many Dots
varies from 30 to 1550 CPS (Character Per per inch (DPI).
Second). ➢  The available resolution range around
➢ A Dot matrix printer that prints using a

1200 dpi. Approximately it can print 100
fixed number of pins or wires. pages per minute(PPM).
➢ Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod, Inkjet Printers:

.in


also called a “wire” or “pin”, which works ➢  Inkjet Printers use colour cartridges which
by the power of a tiny electromagnet or combined Magenta, Yellow and Cyan inks
solenoid, either directly or through a set of to create color tones.
➢ A black cartridge is also used for

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small levers. 

➢ It generally prints one line of text at a monochrome output. Inkjet printers work

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time. The printing speed of these printers by spraying ionised ink at a sheet of paper.
varies from 30 to 1550 CPS (Character Per ➢  The speed of Inkjet printers generally
Second). ranges from 1-20 PPM (Page Per Minute).
➢ They use the technology offering ink by

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Line matrix printers : 

➢ Line matrix printers use a fixed print head heating it so that it explodes towards the
paper in bubbles or by using piezoelectricity


for printing.
in which tiny electric currents controlled
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➢ Basically, it prints a page-wide line of dots.
by electronic circuits are used inside the


But it builds up a line of text by printing

printer to spread ink in jet speed.
lines of dots.
➢ An Inkjet printer can spread millions of
➢ Line printers are capable of printing much

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dots of ink at the paper every single second.



more than 1000 Lines Per Minute, resulting

in thousands of pages per hour. 2. Explain input and output devices.


➢ These printers also use mechanical Scanner:

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pressure to print on multi-part (using ➢  Scanners are used to enter the information
carbon papers). directly into the computer’s memory.
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Non-Impact Printers: ➢  This device works like a Xerox machine.

➢ Non-Impact Printers do not use striking

The scanner converts any type of
mechanism for printing. They use printed or written information including
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electrostatic or laser technology. photographs into a digital format, which

➢ Quality and speed of these printers are

can be manipulated by the computer.
better than Impact printers. For example, Fingerprint Scanners:
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Laser printers and Inkjet printers are non- ➢  Fingerprint Scanner is a fingerprint
impact printers. recognition device used for computer
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Laser Printers: security, equipped with the fingerprint

➢ Laser printers mostly work with similar recognition feature that uses biometric
technology.


technology used by photocopiers.

➢ It makes a laser beam scan back and forth ➢  Fingerprint Reader / Scanner is a very safe
and convenient device for security instead


across a drum inside the printer, building

of using passwords, which is vulnerable to
up a pattern. It can produce very good
fraud and is hard to remember.
quality of graphic images.

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Loyola EC 11th ◊ Computer Science

Retinal Scanner:
➢ Retinal Scanner performs a retinal scan which is a biometric technique that uses unique


patterns on a person’s retinal blood vessels.

Monitor:
➢ Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information.


➢ It looks like a TV. Pictures on a monitor are formed with picture elements called PIXELS.


➢ Monitors may either be Monochrome which display text or images in Black and White or can

.in


be color, which display results in multiple colors.

➢ There are many types of monitors available such as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid


Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes).

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➢ The monitor works with the VGA (Video Graphics Array) card.


➢ The video graphics card helps the keyboard to communicate with the screen.

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➢ It acts as an interface between the computer and display monitor.



➢ Usually the recent motherboards incorporate built-in video card.



Plotter:

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➢ Plotter is an output device that is used to produce graphical output on papers.


➢ It uses single colour or multi colour pens to draw pictures.


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