INPS CLASSES [1] web. : inpsclasses.
com
Conditional Probability
Class Sheet
Conditional Probability
Let A and B two events associated with a random experiment. Then, the probability of occurrence of A under
the condition that B has already occurred and P(B) 0, is called the conditional probability and it is denoted
by P(A/B).
Thus, P(A/B) = Probability of occurrence of A, given that B has already happened
P( A B ) n( A B )
.
P( B) n( B)
Note:
S
Sometimes, P(A/B) is also used to denote the probability of occurrence of A when B occurs.
Similarly, P(B/A) is used to denote the probability of occurrence of B when A occurs.
Multiplication Theorems On Probability
(i) If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment, then P(A Ç B) = P(A).P(B/A) if P(A) ¹ 0 or
P(A Ç B) = P(B) . P(A/B), if P(B) ¹ 0.
P
(ii) Extension of multiplication theorem: If A1, A2, .... An are n events related to a random experiment, then
P( A1 A2 A3 ....... An ) P ( A1 ) P ( A2 / A1 ) P ( A3 / A1 A2 )....P ( An / A1 A2 ..... An 1 ),
Where P( Ai / A1 A2 ..... Ai 1 ) represents the conditional probability of the event Ai, given that the events
A1, A2.....Ai – 1 have already happened.
1 1 1
N
01. Let A and B be two events with P(A) = , P(B) = and P A B . Find
2 3 4
A B A B
I
(i) P (ii) P (iii) P A B (iv) P (v) P
B A B A
02. If two events A and B are such that P(Ac) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 and P(ABc) = 0.5 then find the value of
P[B / (A Bc ] .
03. If a pair of dice is thrown and it is known that sum of the numbers is even, then find the probability that the sum
is less than 6.
04. There is 30% chance that it rains on any particular day. What is the probability that there is at least one rainy
day within a period of 7-days ? Given that there is at least one rainy day, what is the probability that there are
at least two rainy days.
05. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. If tail appears on first four tosses, then find the probability that head appearing
on the fifth toss.
06. In a certain town, 40% of the people have brown hair, 25% have brown eyes and 15% have both brown hair
and brown eyes. If a person selected at random from the town, having brown hair, then find the probability that
he also has brown eye.
07. If E and F are the complementary events of events E and F respectively and if 0 < P(F) < 1, then prove that
(i) P(E / F) + P E / F 1 (ii) P(E / F) E / F 1
08. A coin is tossed until a head appears or until it has been tossed 3 times. Given that head does not appear on the
first toss, then find the probability that the coin is tossed three times.
Hazratganj, Lucknow Ph.: 9953737836, 9838162263, e-mail id: inpsclasses@[Link]