LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

1. Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Inter-Agency Approach)

1.1. Describe the principles of organization, management, and administration of various low
enforcement and public safety

1.2. Carry out the powers and functions of the following major law enforcement and public safety
agencies: PNP, NBI, PDEA, PCG, BFP, and BID.

1.3. Assess the efficiency of the policing system in the law enforcement (POP).
PNP- Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP) is the primary law enforcement agency in the Philippines. It is
a nationwide organization that is civilian in character .
Powers and functions
• Law Enforcement
• Crime prevention
• Maintaining Peace and Order
• Public Safety
• Community Relations
• Licensing and regulation
•
NBI- National Bureau of Investigation
The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) is a crucial law enforcement agency in the Philippines
that operates under the Department of Justice (DOJ). Often likened to the Philippines' equivalent of
the FBI in the United States, the NBI is tasked with investigating significant and complex crimes that
often go beyond the scope of local police forces .
Power and Function
• Investigation and Detection of Crimes: The NBI undertakes the investigation and detection
of crimes and offenses enumerated under Section 5 of Republic Act No. 10867 .
• National Clearinghouse: The NBI acts as a national clearinghouse of criminal records and
other related information for the benefit of the government .
• Intelligence Operations: The NBI conducts intelligence operations in furtherance of its
powers and functions .
• Issuance of Subpoena: The NBI, through its officers from the ranks of regional director to
director, can issue a subpoena for the appearance of any person for investigation or
production of documents .
 • Technical Assistance: The NBI renders technical assistance to government agencies and
instrumentalities when requested .
PDEA- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency in
the Philippines, responsible for enforcing the country’s drug laws and combating drug-related
crimes. It was established on July 7, 2002, through Republic Act No. 9165, also known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 .
Powers and Functions
• Enforcing Drug Laws: PDEA is primarily responsible for enforcing laws against dangerous
drugs and related substances .
• Investigations and Apprehensions: The agency investigates drug-related crimes, arrests
suspects, and seizes illegal drugs and assets .
Combating Drug Proliferation: PDEA is tasked with preventing, investigating, and
combating the spread of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors, and essential chemicals
within the Philippines .
National Drug Control Strategy Implementation: PDEA implements the national drug
control strategy .
Coordination with Other Agencies: PDEA works with other law enforcement agencies, both
domestically and internationally, to combat the drug trade .

PCG-PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD

• Under Republic Act No. 9993 (the Philippine Coast Guard Law of 2009),a uniformed
maritime law enforcement and safety agency tasked with search and rescue, environmental
protection, port security, and maritime law enforcement. Under (DOTr)

Power And Functions:

[Link] and enforce maritime safety and security laws.

[Link] and respond to marine environmental hazards.

[Link] search and rescue operations.

[Link] laws on immigration, customs, fisheries, and drugs at sea.

BFP- BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

The BFP is the primary agency in charge of fire prevention and suppression in the
Philippines(It was created by RA 6975 (as amended by RA 9263 and RA 11589).
Power and Functions:
 [Link] buildings and establishments to
ensure compliance with fire safety standards.(RA 9514).
2. Issue Fire Safety Inspection Certificates (FSIC)
required for business permits and occupancy.
[Link] emergency medical services (EMS) during fire incidents, accidents, and disasters.
[Link] all causes of fire and file cases against violators of fire laws

BID-Bureau of Immigration and Deportation

The Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID) is a government agency under the
Department of Justice (DOJ) It regulates the entry, stay, and exit of foreign nationals, maintains
immigration records, and ensures that the presence of foreigners in the Philippines is legal, orderly,
and aligned with the interests of national security and development.
Power and Functions:
1. It screens foreign nationals at airports and seaports to ensure compliance with immigration laws
[Link] BID evaluates and grants visas, permits, and extensions to foreigners for tourism, work,
study, or residency.
[Link] BID has the authority to arrest and deport undesirable aliens, such as criminals, overstaying
foreigners, or those who pose threats to public order and national security.

Assess the Efficiency of the Policing System (POP)

What is policing?
It refers to the activities carried out by the police officer in order to preserve law and order or the
actions of a person or group in authority in order to ensure fairness and legality in an area of public
life.
Policing Approaches or Models
1. Reactive Policing
2. Proactive Policing
3. Problem – Oriented Policing
4. Evidence – Based Policing
5. Intelligence – Led Policing (ILP)
6. Team policing
7. Community – Oriented Policing (CP/COP)
SARA MODEL OF COMMUNITY POLICING
• Scanning
• Analysis
• Response
• Assessment
8. Zero-Tolerance Policing
9. Predictive Policing
Basic Policing Theories According to Purpose
[Link] Theory
2. Home Rule Theory
The PNPs Crime Prevention Policing & Solution
A.) Role of PNP in Crime Prevention
B.) Role of PNP in Crime Solution
A crime/case is considered “solved” when:
A crime is considered “cleared “when:

PNP’s Measure of Efficiency

1. Crime solution efficiency (CSE)- the percentage of solved cases out of the total number of crime
incidents handled by the police for a given period of time.
2. Crime clearance efficiency (CCE)- the percentage of cleared cases out of the total number of
crime incidents handled by the police for a given period of time.
C. ) Crime Reporting of the PNP- it is the act of reporting a crime committed by the victim or
concerned citizens to the police and other similar law enforcement agencies/institutions.
a) . Crime volume
b) . Index crime
c) . Non-index crime
d) . Crime rate
e) . Average Monthly Crime rate
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
Administration- involves activities pertaining to the higher level focusing on developing plans,
processes and policies, establishing goals and objectives.
Management- fulfill those objectives according to the policies determined by administration.
*Properly executes, it is a execution function.
Organization - a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.
Of HEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1. HOME RULE THEORY –policemen are regarded as servants of the
community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express
needs of the people. Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY –policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities.
The people have no share or have little participation withthe duties nor connection with the police
organization.
CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE
1) OLD CONCEPT
- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery.
this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the
increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying
to prevent them from committing crimes .
2) MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime
prevention. police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes . broadens police
activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of the individual as well as
that of the community in general.
Management or Administrative Functions:
[Link]- Refers to the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be
attained.
2. Organizing-Involves the determination and allocation of the men and women as well as the
resource of an organization to achieve pre determined goals or objectives of the organization.
3. Directing- Involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the various
activities in an organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined goals or
objectives of the organization
4. Controlling-Involves the checking of evaluation and measurements of work performance and
comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making the necessary
corrective actions so that work is accomplished as planned.
5. staffing- The task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men for the
right job. It involves good selection and processing of reliable and well-trained personnel.
6. Reporting- Making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and unusual in
order to keep everyone informed of what is going on.
7. Budgeting- The forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized program of
operations based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency.
Principles of efficient Management:
* Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency with the same amount of
effort.
* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes the right to command and the power
to require obedience. One can not have authority without responsibility.
* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function effectively, however, the state
of the disciplinary process depends upon the quality of its leaders.
• Unity of Command – subordinate should receive orders from one superior only.
* Scalar Chain – the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the
lowest levels of the organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an
unbroken chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
Organizational Units in the Police Organization
1. Functional Units
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of
several divisions.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.
Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an
organization.
2. Territorial Units
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.
Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat.
Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its
own station.
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated
districts.
ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity
in the execution of
orders
2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise
Factors affecting the span of control:
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees
3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward
through the
department
HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in
any given
organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks
SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)
- the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that must be performed in a
highly.
technological,scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover works, crime scene operations, legal
advising,
computer work, SWAT operations and others
SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of particular persons as having expertise in a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the requirements through extensive
training
6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or position and
authority.
7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
supervision and
control.