Forces and Magnetism
What is gravity?
Gravity is the force by which a planet or other
body draws objects toward its center. The force
of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around
the sun.
Gravity and normal forces
1. What do you think if there is no gravity in the
Earth?
2. How does the gravity work on the object?
How much gravity?
1. All objects exert gravity. When there are two
objects, they exert gravity on each other.
2. The amount of gravity an object has depends
on size. (The larger the object, the greater
the force of gravity.
3. Gravity works over a distance. So the amount
of gravity also depends on how close the
objects are: the stronger the forces of gravity
between them
Getting started:
1. Gravity is a pull force. When things fall, they
fall to Earth. We can stand on the ground
because gravity pulls us down.
2. A force meter
3. The boys are playing soccer. They are kicking
the ball. They are pushing each other. They
are stopping the ball with their feet.
1. Arrows
2. Arrow heads
3. The length or thickness of the arrow
4. A show gravity. B show normal force
1. A. A – push, B – pull: D – push and pull.
2. B. B Each picture shows an object being
pushed or pulled by a person.
3. Zara pushes down on bike’s pedals. This is an
applied force. This movement pulls the chain,
which is another applied force. This moves
the bike’s wheels.
4. I push with my legs (and even push or pull
with my arms)
Satellites
Think like a scientist TB page 110.
Artificial satellites
How does an artificial satellite get
into space?
• An artificial satellite is launched into space by
powerful rockets.
• The satellite travels at an enormous speed to
overcome the force of gravity pulling it towards
the centre of the Earth. Then, at a certain distance
above the Earth, it keeps moving at the same
speed in an orbit around the Earth.
• Gravity pulls the satellite toward the centre of the
Earth and keeps it in orbit.
Answer activity questions page 111
Getting started
• TB page 112.
What is friction?
• Friction is the force between two surfaces that
are trying to slide past each other.
• Friction only acts on moving objects. Friction
always works in the direction opposite to the
direction the object is moving. This slow down
the moving object.
Water resistance and air resistance
• Water resistance is a force that slows things down
that are moving through water.
• Air resistance is a force that slows things down that
are moving through air. Air resistance affects all
moving objects on Earth.
• Water resistance and air resistance are sometimes
called drag.
Forces in water
• Why the ball float on the surface?
Because there is a force in the water that
pushes things up which is called an upthrust
force.
Air resistance
A parachute uses air resistance to
work.
Forces acting an airplanes
• Air resistance and gravity are two forces which
act on anything lifted from the Earth and
moved through the air.
• Making an airplane using origami paper and
answer the questions from TB page 121.
Magnets and magnetic materials
• Getting started from TB page 123.
Magnetic and non-magnetic materials
• Non-magnetic materials are: silver, gold and
platinum
• A mixture of metals is called an alloy. For
example, steel is an alloy made mainly from
iron. It is much stronger than iron.
• Chromium is mixed with steel to make an alloy
called stainless steel. Stainless steel does not
rust.
• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. We use
brass to make door handles and ornaments.