(MCQS)
Multiple Choice Questions: Stoichiometry
1. Which of the following correctly describes canal rays?
ⓐ Streams of electrons in a vacuum tube
ⓑ Positively charged ions produced at the positive electrode
ⓒ Fast-moving protons from alpha decay
ⓓ Neutral particles deflected by electric fields
2. In a discharge tube experiment with hydrogen, the deflection of canal rays
toward the cathode increases when the pressure is decreased because:
ⓐ Ionization increases
ⓑ Ions travel faster with less gas collision
ⓒ Electric field strength increases
ⓓ Gas molecules gain electron affinity
3. Canal rays helped determine the existence of isotopes because:
ⓐ They showed variation in mass-to-charge ratios
ⓑ They were deflected differently by magnetic fields
ⓒ They indicated variation in nuclear charge
ⓓ They split into different charge states
4. In a mass spectrograph, canal rays with the same charge but different
masses:
ⓐ Have the same curvature in a magnetic field
ⓑ Show different deflections in a magnetic field
ⓒ Are unaffected by electric fields
ⓓ Are all deflected equally
5. Which instrument makes direct use of canal rays for identifying isotopes?
ⓐ Geiger-Müller counter
ⓑ Cyclotron
ⓒ Mass spectrometer
ⓓ Rutherford scattering apparatus
6. Which of the following orbitals has no angular nodes but two radial nodes?
ⓐ 2s
ⓑ 2p
ⓒ 3s
ⓓ 3p
7. Which orbital shape corresponds to the d\_xy orbital?
ⓐ Dumbbell along z-axis
ⓑ Four-lobed in xy-plane
ⓒ Spherical
ⓓ Dumbbell along x-axis
8. An orbital with quantum numbers n = 4, ℓ = 2, m\_ℓ = –1 corresponds to:
ⓐ 4p
ⓑ 4d
ⓒ 4f
ⓓ 3d
9. Which of the following orbitals can never exist?
ⓐ n = 3, ℓ = 2
ⓑ n = 2, ℓ = 2
ⓒ n = 4, ℓ = 3
ⓓ n = 5, ℓ = 4
10. For which orbital is ℓ = 0, and how many such orbitals exist at a given
principal quantum number n?
ⓐ p-orbitals, 3
ⓑ s-orbitals, 1
ⓒ d-orbitals, 5
ⓓ f-orbitals, 7
11. The principal quantum number, n, determines:
ⓐ Energy and size of the orbital
ⓑ Orbital shape only
ⓒ Direction of the orbital
ⓓ Electron spin
12. Which combination of quantum numbers is forbidden?
ⓐ n=2, ℓ=1, mℓ=0, ms=+½
ⓑ n=3, ℓ=2, mℓ=3, ms=–½
ⓒ n=4, ℓ=0, mℓ=0, ms=+½
ⓓ n=2, ℓ=0, mℓ=0, ms=–½
13. What does the magnetic quantum number (mℓ) represent?
ⓐ Spin direction of electron
ⓑ Energy level of electron
ⓒ Orientation in space of the orbital
ⓓ Number of electron shells
14. An electron has n=3, ℓ=1, mℓ=+1, ms=–½. This electron is found in:
ⓐ 3s orbital
ⓑ 3p orbital
ⓒ 3d orbital
ⓓ 2p orbital
15. Which quantum number distinguishes between two electrons in the same
orbital?
ⓐ n
ⓑ ℓ
ⓒ mℓ
ⓓ ms
16. The total number of orbitals for n = 3 is:
ⓐ 3
ⓑ 5
ⓒ 9
ⓓ 1
17. How many different electrons (distinct sets of quantum numbers) can occupy
the n = 2 level?
ⓐ 2
ⓑ 4
ⓒ 8
ⓓ 16
18. Which quantum number value is not possible for an electron in a 4f orbital?
ⓐ n=4
ⓑ ℓ=3
ⓒ mℓ = –3
ⓓ ms = +1
19. Hund’s rule applies when:
ⓐ Filling electrons in separate energy levels
ⓑ Pairing electrons in the same orbital first
ⓒ Distributing electrons among orbitals of same energy to maximize spin
multiplicity
ⓓ Electrons repel each other and occupy higher n
20. If an electron is in an orbital with ℓ = 1, what is its orbital type and what
values can mℓ take?
ⓐ s, 0
ⓑ p, –1, 0, +1
ⓒ d, –2, –1, 0, +1, +2
ⓓ f, –3 to +3
21. Which rule states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of
four quantum numbers?
ⓐ AUFBAU principle
ⓑ Pauli exclusion principle
ⓒ Hund’s rule
ⓓ Heisenberg uncertainty principle
22. According to the AUFBAU principle, which orbital is filled after 3p?
ⓐ 3d
ⓑ 4s
ⓒ 4p
ⓓ 3s
23. What is the correct electronic configuration for chromium (atomic number
24)?
ⓐ \[Ar] 3d⁴ 4s²
ⓑ \[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
ⓒ \[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
ⓓ \[Ar] 3d⁶
24. According to Hund’s rule, how are electrons arranged in the five 3d orbitals of
Fe²⁺ (which has 24 electrons total)?
ⓐ All paired as soon as possible
ⓑ Maximize number of unpaired electrons
ⓒ Fill one orbital before moving to the next
ⓓ Never fill d-orbitals
25. Which ion has the electron configuration \[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²?
ⓐ Cu²⁺
ⓑ Zn
ⓒ Zn²⁺
ⓓ Cu
26. What does the Pauli exclusion principle imply for an s-orbital?
ⓐ Only one electron can occupy it
ⓑ Maximum half-filled when neutral
ⓒ Can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
ⓓ Electrons must have same spin
27. Which configuration violates the AUFBAU principle?
ⓐ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ 3p¹
ⓑ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴
ⓒ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵
ⓓ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
28. Which of the following elements has the configuration \[Ne] 3s² 3p³?
ⓐ Aluminum
ⓑ Phosphorus
ⓒ Silicon
ⓓ Sulfur
29. When electrons are added to the 4f orbitals, which rule primarily governs
how they are distributed among the seven 4f levels?
ⓐ Pauli exclusion
ⓑ AUFBAU principle
ⓒ Hund’s rule
ⓓ Orbital hybridization
30. What is the electronic configuration of the nitride ion, N³⁻ (atomic number of
N = 7)?
ⓐ 1s² 2s² 2p³
ⓑ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
ⓒ 1s² 2s² 2p⁵
ⓓ 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
31. According to Planck’s quantum theory, energy is emitted or absorbed in
discrete packets called:
ⓐ Quanta
ⓑ Photons
ⓒ Electrons
ⓓ Phonons
32. If the frequency of radiation is doubled, the energy of a photon will:
ⓐ Remain the same
ⓑ Double
ⓒ Halve
ⓓ Become four times
33. Which equation correctly represents Planck’s relation?
ⓐ $E = mc^2$
ⓑ $E = h \nu$
ⓒ $E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$
ⓓ $E = \frac{\nu}{h}$
34. In Planck’s theory, $h$ (Planck’s constant) has the unit:
ⓐ J
ⓑ J·s
ⓒ s⁻¹
ⓓ Hz
35. Planck introduced the concept of quantization primarily to explain:
ⓐ Rutherford scattering
ⓑ Blackbody radiation
ⓒ Hydrogen spectrum
ⓓ Photoelectric effect
36. Which spectral series of hydrogen lies in the visible region?
ⓐ Lyman
ⓑ Balmer
ⓒ Paschen
ⓓ Brackett
37. The first line of the Balmer series is produced when an electron falls from:
ⓐ n=3→n=1
ⓑ n=2→n=1
ⓒ n=3→n=2
ⓓ n=4→n=3
38. The Rydberg constant $R_H$ has the unit:
ⓐ m
ⓑ m⁻¹
ⓒ J
ⓓ Hz
39. Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits the photon of highest energy?
ⓐ n=3→n=2
ⓑ n=4→n=2
ⓒ n=2→n=1
ⓓ n=5→n=3
40. In the Lyman series, all spectral lines fall in the:
ⓐ Infrared region
ⓑ Ultraviolet region
ⓒ Visible region
ⓓ X-ray region