Level-2

Part A: Employability Skills

Contents
Unit 1 Communication Skills
Session 1: Methods of Communication

Session 2: Verbal Communication

Session 3: Non-verbal Communication

Session 4: Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback

Session 5: Barriers to Effective Communication

Session 6: Writing Skills — Parts of Speech

Session 7: Writing Skills — Sentences

Unit 2 Self-management Skills

Session 1: Stress Management

Session 2: Self-awareness — Strength and Weakness Analysis

Session 3: Self-motivation

Session 4: Self-regulation — Goal Setting

Session 5: Self-regulation — Time Management

Unit 3 Information and Communication Technology Skills

Session 1: Basic Computer Operations

Session 2: Performing Basic File Operations

Session 3: Computer Care and Maintenance

Session 4: Computer Security and Privacy

Unit 4 Entrepreneurial Skills

Session 1: Entrepreneurship and Society

Session 2: Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur

Session 3: Myths about Entrepreneurship

Session 4: Entrepreneurship as a Career Option

Unit 5 Green Skills

Session 1: Sustainable Development

Session 2: Our Role in Sustainable Development

 Unit 1
Communication Skills
1. What is Communication?
The act of giving, receiving, and sharing information is known as
communication. Signs and signals provide information. Communication
can take the form of speaking, writing, or any other medium.
The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word communicare,
which means ‘to share’.
2. How many types of Communication methods?
There are main three types of communication methods –
1. Verbal communication
2. Non-verbal communication
3. Visual communication
3. What are the important parts of communication?
The important parts of communication is –
1. Transmitting— The message is sent by the sender through one or
more mediums.
2. Listening— Listening and understanding by the receiver.
3. Feedback— To complete the communication cycle, the receiver
provides feedback to the sender on their understanding of the
message.
4. What are various elements of a communication cycle?
The various elements of a communication cycle are –
1. Sender: the person beginning the communication.
2. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
3. Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
4. Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.
5. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the
message.
5. What are the seven elements that influence the communication
skills?
There are seven different factors which affecting Perspectives in
communication –
1. Language
2. Environment
3. Visual Perception
4. Culture
5. Prejudice
6. Feelings
7. Past Experience
6. What are the right methods of communication?
Right methods of communication depends on –
1. Target audience
2. Costs
3. Kind/ Type of information
4. Urgency/ Priority
7. Principles of Effective Communication skills (Or) List the 7C’s of
Effective Communication skills (Or) What is Effective
Communication skills?
There are 7 C’s effective communication which are applicable for
both written as well as oral communication. These are as follows –
a. Clear – Always say clearly, what you want to say.
b. Concise – Always use simple language and say only what is required.
c. Concrete – Always use proper words and phrases in the sentences.
d. Correct – Always use correct spelling and grammar in the sentences.
e. Coherent – Your word should be related to the main topic and your
word should make sense.
f. Complete – Your message should be complete and have all the needed
information.
g. Courteous – Be honest, respectful and friendly with others.
8. What is verbal communication and its type?
Sounds, words, language, and speech are all examples of verbal
communication. Speaking is one of the most effective and often used in
verbal communication methods.
a. Interpersonal Communication – This type of communication is a one
– on – one communication that takes place between two people. It can be
formal or informal.
b. Written Communication – This method of communication entails the
use of written words. Letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social
media chats, and so on are all examples. It could be a group of two or
more persons.
c. Small Group Communication – When there are more than two people
participating, this form of communication occurs. Each participant has the
opportunity to interact and speak with the others.
d. Public Communication – The communication takes place when one
individual addresses a large group of audience.
9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal
communication?
Advantages of Verbal communication
a. Time Saving – We can express our thoughts easily and quickly and it is
an easier form of communication.
b. Quick Feedback – We can get a quick response from the listener.
Disadvantages of verbal communication
a. Cultural Difference – The cultural difference is the main disadvantage
of verbal communication
b. Language barriers – Difficult to share thoughts or ideas in different
languages.
10. Write down the different types of verbal communication. Give
an example for each type.
Verbal communication can be divided into two categories.
a. Oral or Spoken communication – Oral Communication involves Face-
to-face communication, Teaching in classroom or talking on the phone is
an example of oral or spoken communication.
b. Written Communication – Written Communication involves written or
typed words. Banners, Articles, Notes, Writing letters, email, and Short
Messaging Services are examples of written communication.
11. What is public speaking?
Speaking face – to – face to a live audience or in front of a large group
is known as public speaking, you can use the 3Ps method to get over your
fears, and become a confident speaker.
The 3Ps method is –
a. Prepare
b. Practice
c. Perform
12. What is non-verbal communication?
Without using word if you are sending some information to others is
known as non- verbal communication, Some of the non – verbal
communication is –
a. Eye contact
b. Gestures
c. Expressions
d. Posture
e. Space
f. Para Language
g. Touch
13. What is the importance of Non-verbal communication?
In our day-to-day communication
 55% communication is done using body movements, face, arms,
etc.
 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
 only 7% communication is done using words.
 around 93% of our communication is non-verbal.
14. What is the purpose of non – verbal communication?
 When we communicate with the correct gestures, our message
becomes more effective.
 We can know our audience’s reaction and change our conversation
accordingly if we understand nonverbal communication.
 Using the right gestures and postures is a sign of professionalism
and etiquette.
 We can utilize our hand movements to exchange communications if
verbal messages are blocked by noise, distance, or other factors.
For example, placing a finger on the lips indicates the need for
silence while nodding the head is the same as saying ‘yes’.
15. Type of non-verbal communication?
Type of non – verbal communication are –
1. Facial expressions – The movement and changes of the face are
the facial expressions. Many times facial expressions show the
feelings of a person. For example, expressing your thoughts using a
smile, when we are happy, or when we are sad.
2. Posture – Postures means body of the positions, postures shows
how confident you are and your emotional feelings. For example,
straight body posture means confidence.
 3. Gestures or Body language – Gestures means with the help of
hands or head if you are sharing any idea or meaning. for example
pointing, waving and using our hands when speaking.
4. Touch – Some time we communicate using touch we also share
messages to others, for example hand shaking and patting on the
back.
5. Space – When the two people are communicating and you will find
some space between these two people depending on closeness or
intimacy between them.
6. Eye contact – Maintaining eye contact is very important when you
are talking about interest, whereas, looking at any other side can
make the other person feel ignored.
7. Paralanguage – Tone of our voice, speed and volume that makes a
difference in the meaning is a paralanguage.
16. What is Visual Communication?
Visual communication is the process of exchanging messages mainly
through images or photographs.
Example of visual communication are
Under construction sign
Danger warning
Sign of Under CCTV surveillance
17. What is feedback in communication skills?
The communication cycle is incomplete without feedback. It is
essential for the effective communication that the sender receives
confirmation from the receiver that the message was received.
The receiver provides feedback on the received message while the
transmitter sends information.
Feedback can be positive or negative. A good feedback is always
 Specific
 Helpful
 Kind
18. How many types of Feedback in communication skills?
There are basically three types of feedback.
 Positive Feedback
 Negative Feedback
 No Feedback
19. What are the good feedback in communication skills?
A good feedback is one that is –
a. Specific: General comment should be avoided. To clarify your
statement, try to provide examples. Rather than giving advice let the
receiver decide what to do with your feedback.
b. Timely: Always respond on time, because if input is delayed for too
long, it loses its impact.
c. Polite: While sharing feedback is necessary, the recipient should not be
insulted by the input’s language.
d. Offering continuing support: Feedback should be shared on a
regular basis. Let recipients know you’re available for help once you’ve
given them feedback.
20. Importance of Feedback?
Most important factors of feedback is –
 It validates effective listening: It verifies effective listening by
ensuring that the person providing feedback is understood and that
their feedback is useful.
 It motivates: People can be motivated by positive feedback to
improve their working relationships and continue doing the good job
that has been recognized.
 It boosts learning: It’s critical to get feedback in order to stay on
track with your goals, improve your planning, and generate better
products and services.
 It improves performance: Feedback can assist in making better
judgments in order to improve and boost performance.
21. What is effective communication?
We now understand that communication can take three forms:
nonverbal, verbal, and visual. All of these strategies, however, will only be
effective if we adhere to the fundamental principles of professional
communication.
Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, and Courteous are
the acronyms for these 7 Cs qualities.
22. Barriers of Effective Communication?
Barriers of the Effective Communication are –
a. Physical Barriers – The environmental and natural conditions that
operate as a barrier in communication when conveying messages from
sender to receiver are referred to as physical barriers.
b. Linguistic Barriers – A language barrier to communication is the
inability to communicate using a language. The most common
communication barriers are language barriers, which lead to
misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people.
c. Interpersonal Barriers – When a sender’s message is received
differently than intended, it creates barriers to interpersonal contact. It’s
also tough to communicate with someone who refuses to converse or
express their emotions or opinions.
d. Organizational Barriers – Formal hierarchical structures are used to
create organizations that adhere to performance standards, rules &
regulations, processes, policies, and behavioral norms, among other
things.
e. Cultural Barriers – When people from different cultures are unable to
understand each other’s languages, it causes problems and
inconveniences.

23. What are the different ways to overcome from communication

barriers?
 Use simple language
 Try to communicate in person as much as possible
 Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography
 Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language
 Use visuals
 Be respectful of other’s opinions
24. What are Written Skills?
If you are sending any message or instruction through writing is
known as written communication. Written communication is important
because it communicates the message with clarity and ease.
How to improve writing skills
a. Improve your Vocabulary
b. Capitalization Rules
c. Punctuation
d. Basic parts of speech
25. What are the basic parts of speech in the English Language?
There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language. These
are none, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and
interjection.
a. Noun – Nouns is the name of a person, place, animal or thing. This is
also called ‘naming words.
b. Pronoun – A pronoun is used in place of a noun.
c. Adjectives – Adjectives are words that describe other words.
d. Verbs – Verbs are words that show action.
e. Adverbs – Adverbs are words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or
other adverbs.
f. Preposition – A preposition is a word place before a noun or pronoun.
g. Conjunction – A conjunction is a word that connects two words,
phrases, or clauses.
h. Interjection – A word used to communicate emotion is called an
interjection.
26. Definition of pronunciation?
Many words in English are not pronounced the way they are spelt, so
if you don’t say them right, others won’t understand what we’re saying.
Pronunciation is defined as the act or style of pronouncing a word.
27. What are the various parts of the Sentence?
A subject and a verb make up a sentence. There is an object in some
of the sentences. The subject is generally a noun, which is a term that
refers to a person or thing who performs a specific activity.
The verb comes after the subject and indicates that something is being
done. An object, which usually comes after the verb, receives the action.
There are three different types of parts of sentences –
a. Subject
b. Verb
c. Object
28. How many types of objects are there in the English language?
Normally, the object comes after the verb phrase. The meaning of the
verb determines whether or not an object is present. In English, there are
two types of objects.
a. Direct – The effects of action are known as direct objects. The queries
‘what’ and ‘whom’ are answered by a direct object. Ramesh spent the
entire day collecting honey. Honey is made the direct object.
b. Indirect – The queries ‘to whom’, ‘for whom’, ‘to what’, and ‘for what’
are all answered by an indirect object. In the statement “Imran gave a gift
to his mother,” for example. The verb is “gave,” and there are two objects
in the sentence: “gift” and “mother.”.
29. What are the Paragraphs?
A paragraph is made up of a set of sentences, and paragraphs
support the reader in reading the sections by dividing the material into
separate portions.
If you’re writing about your school, the opening paragraph could include
sentences that describe the school’s name, location, size, and other
characteristics.
In the next paragraph, you can use sentences to convey what you admire
about your school.
Unit 2
Self-Management Skills
1. To become successful in life, which basic self – management
skills do you require?
To become successful in life, we have follow following basic skills –
a. Self-awareness: Request honest feedback. Get a better
understanding of your personality and work-related skills. Consider how
you handled issues in your regular contacts and how you may have
handled them better.
b. Responsibility: Taking responsibility is very important. Accepting
ownership is the step towards self – development, For example, If you’ve
been given an assignment by a teacher, ensure you take complete
ownership.
Even if you are unable to accomplish the assignment on time, you must
notify it and then make the necessary adjustments.
c. Time Management: Make a list of the tasks you need to get done.
Make a schedule for yourself and stick to it.
d. Adaptability: Always stay up to date on best practices and fresh
information. Prepare yourself for new adjustments so you can make a
smooth transition.
2. What is Stress?
Our emotional, mental, physical, and social responses to perceived
demands or threats are referred to as stress. Stressors are the pressures
or threats that people face.
For example –
a. You’re only a few days away from your examinations, yet you’re feeling
unprepared.
b. you are experiencing a loss of someone close in the family.
c. You’re concerned about what others will think of you if you don’t dress
properly or speak confidently.
d. you are stressed due to lack of sleep.
3. What are the three steps to manage Stress?
The three steps to manage stress are –
a. Be aware that you are stressed – Look for stress symptoms such as
headaches, insomnia, melancholy, excessive worrying, anxiousness, and
so on. We can manage stress if we are aware of it.
b. Identify What is causing you stress – Find out the reason for your
stress. Is it because of exams, family pressures, money issues, not eating
good food, etc.?
c. Apply stress management methods – To effectively manage your
time, use time management tools. Concentrate on the most important
things and complete them.
Talk to a friend or family member about the problem. Take time to
recharge by exercising, watching movies, or doing anything else that
makes you feel good.
4. What are the different stress management techniques?
Some of the stress management techniques are –
a. Time management
b. Organizing academic life, no delaying
c. Healthy diet
d. Positivity in your life
e. Physical exercise and fresh air
f. Proper sleep
g. Holidays with family and friends
5. What is emotional Intelligence in Self – Management skills?
The ability to recognize and regulate one’s own emotions, as well as
the emotions of others, is referred to as emotional intelligence.
a. Emotional Awareness – The ability to recognize and name one’s own
feelings is known as emotional awareness.
b. Harnessing Emotions – The ability to harness and apply emotions to
tasks such as thinking and problem solving is referred to as “harnessing
emotions.”.
c. Managing Emotions – Managing Emotions entails the ability to control
one’s own emotions when appropriate, as well as helping others in doing
the same.
6. How to manage emotional intelligence?
To manage emotional intelligence you have to follow below steps.
a. Understand your emotions – Analyze your behavior and make a list
of the areas where you need to improve. Then you can focus on the areas
where you need to grow.
b. Rationalize – Don’t make quick judgments; instead, view logically
through.
c. Practice – Keep yourself calm by doing meditation and yoga.

7. How can you identify your Strengths and Weaknesses?

The techniques for identifying our strengths and weaknesses are –
Finding Strengths
 Think of anything that you are always successful at.
 Think about what others like in you.
 Take out time and think about what you do well
Finding Weaknesses
 Point out the areas where you struggle and the things you find
difficult to do.
 Look at the feedback others usually give you.
  Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses without feeling
low about it.
8. Types of Motivation?
There are two types of motivation
a. Internal Motivation – Many things we do which make us happy, feel
good and healthy.
b. External Motivation – If you are working for recognition, respect and
appreciation.
9. What are the qualities of Self – motivated people?
The qualities of Self – motivated people are –
 Know what they want from life
 Are focused
 Know what is important
 Are dedicated to fulfill their dreams
10. How to build Self – Motivation?
There are four steps to build self – motivation.
 Find out your strength
 Set and focus on your goals
 Develop a plan to achieve your goals
 Stay loyal to your goals
11. How to Set Goals in Self Management Skills?
We can use different techniques to set goals.
a. Specific – Always set your clear and specific goals.
b. Measurable – A measurable goal answers the questions “How much?”,
“How many?” and “How do I know that I have achieved results?”
c. Achievable – Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the
goal achievable.
d. Realistic – A realistic goal would be something that we want to
achieve and can work towards.
e. Time bound – A goal should have a timeframe by when the goal needs
to be achieved.
12. What are the benefits of time management?
Time management is the thinking skill that helps you to –
a. Complete tasks on time
b. Submit homework and assignments on time
c. You can identify how long it will take you to do something.
13. What are the four steps for effective time management?
The four steps for time management are –
a. Organize – We make plans for our day-to-day activity.
b. Prioritize – We build a to-do list with all of our activities on it, and we
organize them in order of importance.
c. Control – We have a control over our activities and time
d. Track – We keep track of where we’ve spent our time.
14. How can I improve my time management?
a. Any planned action should not be delayed or postponed.
b. Organize your room and desk at school.
c. Create a “NO DISTURBANCE ZONE” where you may sit and finish
important tasks without being disturbed.
d. Use waiting time productivity
e. Prepare a “To-do” list
f. Priorities
g. Replace ineffective activities with productive ones.
Unit 3
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Skills
1. What is ICT?
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an acronym for
information and communication technology.
ICT helps in the proper sharing, receiving, and processing of information,
and an ICT device is a device that is used for processing, storing, and
delivering information to others.
Examples of ICT devices are – Laptop, Desktop, Tablets and
Smartphones.
2. Objectives of Information and communication technology?
Advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
Full form of ICT is Information and communication technology. The
goal of ICT is to bridge the gap between parents, educators, and students
by encouraging sustainable, cooperative, and transparent communication
methods.
Advantages of ICT
a. Enhanced the modes of communication
b. Independent learning platforms Cost – efficient
c. Enhanced data and information security
d. Paperless – Eliminate the usage of paper
e. Better teaching and learning methods
f. Web – based LMS tools

Disadvantages of ICT
a. Traditional books and handwritten methods are at risk.
b. Managing courses online is difficult
c. Teachers require experience to handle ICT
d. Risk of cyber attacks and hacks
e. Misuse of technology
3. Difference between Hardware and Software?
A computer system consists of two main parts – Hardware and
Software
a. Hardware – Hardware is a physical part of a computer system. We can
feel and touch the hardware devices. example – CPU, Mother Board, Hard
Disk, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer etc.
b. Software – Software related to the programs which perform different
types of tasks on the computer system. Program is a collection of
Instructions. It also helps the computer to perform the specific task.
Example – Open Office Base, Spreadsheet, Presentation etc.
4. What is BIOS?
BIOS stands for Basic Input/ Output System, It helps the computer
system to identify (Self-test) the paraperaphal devices which are
connected to the computer system and helps computers to load Operating
System properly.
5. What are the different types of keys in Keyboard?
a. Function keys – F1 to F12 are function keys in the keyboard, function
keys are used for specific purposes.
b. Control keys – SHIFT, CONTROL (CTRL),ALT, SPACEBAR, TAB AND
CAPS LOCK are known as a control key, these keys are used as per the
demand.
c. Enter key – ENTER or RETURN keys are known as Enter key,
depending on the brand of computer that you are using.
d. Punctuation keys – It includes keys for punctuation marks, such as
colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and
double quotation marks (“ ”).
e. Navigation keys – END, HOME, PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP and Arrow keys
are known as navigation keys, these keys are used to move up, down, left
or right in the document.
f. Command keys – BACKSPACE, INSERT (INS) and DELETE(DEL) are
known as command keys. INSERT key allows you to overwrite characters
to the right side.
The DELETE command key and BACKSPACE key are used to remove typed
text, character, or any other objects from the right and left side of the
cursor.
g. Windows key – Windows key is used to open the Start menu.

6. What is the purpose of Mouse?

The purpose of the mouse is –
a. Roll Over or Hover – Whenever we bring the mouse over the files, it
shows the details of the file.
b. Click or Double Click – Mouse allows you to select, open or delete
files and folders from the computer system.
c. Drag and Drop – Click on the file and drag and drop your file where
you want.
7. What are files and folders in a computer system?
a. File – File is a collection of information different types of files store
different types of information. Every file has a file name and extension
that identifies the type of file.
b. Folder – Folder is a collection of files or a group of files.
8. How to maintain a computer system?
Some simple ways to take care of computer system are –
a. Keeping a Device Clean – Always keep a device clean, such as the
keyboard, the screen, and the mouse. Handle your gadget with care, keep
it cool, and don’t overload your battery.
b. Prepare a Maintenance Schedule – Make a schedule for computer
maintenance.
Daily Maintenance
a. Clean up your email inbox
b. Save Important attachments and save in folder
Weekly Maintenance
a. Clean your Keyboard, monitor, CPU and printer
b. Backup your data
Monthly Maintenance
a. Clean unused photographs
 b. Clean up Download folder
c. Uninstall unused programs
d. Run full system virus scan
e. Run disk – cleaner software
Yearly / Annual Maintenance
a. Clean up social media accounts
b. Clean up e-mail contact list
c. Update your operating System
9. How to increase Computer performance?
We frequently install a large number of applications, which slows
down the computer. Always attempt to uninstall unnecessary applications,
temporary files, and antivirus software updates.
10. What is a Security Break?
Security break is leakage of information stored in a computer.
Your personal information can be lost or leaked in two ways –
We are not cautious when it comes to disclosing personal information via
the internet. We share our account information and passwords on unsafe
websites.
A person gets unauthorized access to our computer. This can happen at
work if we don’t log out before leaving the computer.
11. What are the threats?
Threats are ways in which personal information from a computer
can be released without our knowledge.
a. Theft – Theft means stealing of information or hardware. These maybe
of three types:
i. Physical – Where a person may steal your desktop computer or
laptop.
ii. Identity – A hacker gets your personal information and uses it to
impersonate you. The hacker can use this fake identity to get access to
your account information or engage in illegal activity.
b. Software Piracy – This is stealing of software and includes using or
distributing unlicensed and unauthorized copies of a computer program or
software.
i. Virus – Viruses are computer programmes that can corrupt data
and software applications, as well as steal data from computers. Worms
and Trojan Horses are two major forms of viruses.
ii. Worms – Worms are viruses that replicate and spread to all files on
a computer once they attack a computer. This makes it very difficult to
remove them.
A Trojan Horse appears to be a useful software programme, but once it
reaches a computer, it begins to behave like a virus and destroys the
data.
iii. Online Predator – Online predators are persons who use the
internet to trap you into unhealthy relationships. They could be older
people appearing as your age who harass you into doing unlawful things
online.
iv. Internet Scams – You may occasionally receive highly appealing
offers claiming that you have won a large sum of money in a lottery and
that you can claim your win by depositing a specific amount of money.
When you deposit money with a credit card or through online banking,
you not only lose the deposit money but your card / account information
may be misused later.
12. How can we protect our data?
To protect our data from theft and viruses we can take the following
measures –
a. Use Strong password in your account – Make your passwords
difficult to guess. When creating a new password, attempt to use a
combination of
 Small Character
 Capital Character
 Special Character
 Numbers
b. Install Antivirus and Firewall –Anti-virus software and a firewall
protect your data from virus and from hackers.
c. Encrypt your data – Keep your information in an encrypted format to
keep it safe from unauthorized users.
d. Open only secure site – Before visiting a website, make sure the
address begins with [Link] A website that begins with https:// is a secure
website.
Unit 4
Entrepreneurial Skills
1. What is Entrepreneurship?
An entrepreneur is a person who creates a new business, takes
risks, brings new ideas to start a business and is self employed.
2. What are the different ideas entrepreneurs add?
New ideas with which an entrepreneur adds varieties of product,
new services, cost reduction ideas, or new marketing techniques.
3. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs?
Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing quality and
customer satisfaction
1. Believe in hard work
2. Ability to take up risks
3. Money Management
4. Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand in
the market
5. Effective planning and execution
6. Financial literacy
4. What qualities are required for successful entrepreneurs?
Successful entrepreneurs have the following qualities.
a. They are confident, They believe in themselves and their abilities.
b. They keep trying new ideas in their business
c. They are creative and think differently about business ideas.
d. They do not give up when they face difficulty.
e. They make decisions after thinking about them.
f. They are patient
g. They take responsibility for their actions
h. They work hard
5. What do entrepreneurs do when they run their business?
a. Fulfill Customer Needs – A product or service that people want is
referred to as demand. Entrepreneurs discover what people desire. Then
students use their imaginations to come up with a business plan to
address that demand.
b. Use Local Materials – Entrepreneurs produce low-cost items by using
the materials and people available to them.
c. Help Society – Entrepreneurs have a good interaction with the general
public. They gain money by doing things that help society. Some business
people donate money to create schools and clinics, while others work to
save the environment.
d. Create Jobs – They buy more material, and from more people. They
also hire more people to work for them. In this way, more people have
jobs.
e. Sharing of Wealth – Wealth means having enough money to live a
comfortable life. As entrepreneurs grow their business.
f. Lower Price of Products – The price of a product decreases when
more entrepreneurs sell the same thing. In India, for example, as more
mobile phones were sold, the cost of the phone decreased.
6. Qualities of an Entrepreneur?
Qualities of entrepreneur are –
a. I believe in myself and what I can do. I am confident.
b. I think of different ways to solve a problem. I am creative.
c. I work hard on every task.
d. Problems take time to get solved. I am patient about solving them.
e. I take responsibility for my actions and mistakes.
f. I do not give up when I face a problem.
g. I keep trying new ideas.
h. I think before I make a decision.
7. What are the misconceptions of Entrepreneurship?
Misconceptions of Entrepreneurship are –
a. It is a common misconception that every company idea must be unique
or exceptional.
b. A person needs a lot of money to start a business.
c. Entrepreneurs are born, not made.
d. A person having a big business is an entrepreneur.
8. What is wage employment?
Wage management is based on work grades and performance
parameters. Wage management’s goal is to take reward and give high
performance standards in the business.
The wage management does not take too much risk but entrepreneurs
have to take risks.
9. Difference between Self employment & Wage employment?
There are two ways a person can earn a living.
a. Self Employment – An entrepreneur is a self-employed individual who
runs a business to meet a need by experimenting with new ideas.
i. Enter – When an entrepreneur first starts business, they are
simply getting their feet wet in the business world.
 ii. Survive – There are a lot of entrepreneurs around nowadays.
In a competitive market, the entrepreneur must remain competitive.
iii. Grow – An entrepreneur considers growing his or her
business once it has reached a certain level of stability.
b. Wage Employment – Wage management is based on work grades
and performance parameters. Wage management’s goal is to take reward
and give high performance standards in the business.

Unit 5
Green Skills
1. What is Sustainable Development?
Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the
needs of the present without compromising the capacity of future
generations, guaranteeing the balance between economic growth, care
for the environment and social well-being.
2. Importance of Sustainable Development.
Sustainability enhances our quality of life while also protecting our
ecosystem and natural resources for future generations.
The world’s young generations would face major environmental issues,
worse than even those we are already facing.
The consumption of products is increasing day by day as the population
and income rise. As a result, there has been a growth in the production
and use of natural resources, which are required for the creation of goods.
Society must thus change its development strategy to a new form where
development will not destroy the environment.
3. Problems Related to Sustainable Development?
There are three major problem related to sustainable Development
–
a. Food – As we use more and more land for other uses, the amount of
rich, fertile soil required to grow crops such as wheat, rice, and other
grains. Chemical fertilisers are reducing soil nutrients and contaminating
the soil with a variety of pollutants.
b. Water – We use fresh water from rivers and ponds for drinking and
cleaning but dump garbage into them. Rivers and ponds are becoming
more contaminated. This way after several years, we will have no clean
water for our use.
c. Fuel – We use a lot of wood from trees for fuel, as well as for building
homes and furniture. The climate of the area is being affected as more
trees are cut down. Floods, extreme cold or heat, and other extreme
weather events are common in many regions, affecting the people who
live there.

4. What steps do we have to take for sustainable development?

Sustainable development includes –
a. Excessive resource consumption is being reduced, and resource
conservation is being improved.
b. Recycling and reuse of waste materials.
c. Management of renewable resources, particularly bio-resources, in a
scientific manner.
d. Planting more trees;
e. Green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete
buildings.
f. Using more environment friendly material or biodegradable material
g. Environmentally friendly technologies that are based on resource
efficiency are used.

5. What are different sustainable development goals?

Sustainable development is the development which doesn’t
compromise the capacity of the future generation to satisfy their needs.
In 1987 the first time sustainable development appeared in the
Brundtland report. This was a warning to all countries regarding
environmental consequences, globalization and economic growth.
Sustainable Development goals are also known as Global goals. There are
17 goals in sustainable development which were introduced in 2015.
There are total 17 Sustainable Development Goals are: :
1. Zero Hunger
2. No Poverty
3. Good Health and Well-Being
4. Quality Education
5. Climate action
6. Industry Innovation and Infrastructure
7. Gender Equality
8. Clean Water and Sanitation
9. Affordable and clean energy
10. Sustainable cities and communities
11. Decent work and economic growth
12. Reduce Inequalities
13. Responsible consumption and production
14. Life on land
15. Life below water
16. Partnerships for the goals
17. Peace, Justice and strong institutions
6. Sustainable Development Initiatives taken from the public in
India.
Many people have taken initiatives regarding sustainable
development.
Example
a. When plastics were banned in Mangalore, one entrepreneur, Mr. Vasth
Hedge, created a biodegradable bag that can dissolve in hot water and
degrade in the natural environment.
b. Narayana Peesapath created edible cutlery out of a grain; these spoons
can be eaten and even if they are not eaten they will easily decompose in
the soil.
7. What are Sustainable Processes?
Farmers who practice organic farming do not use chemical
pesticides or fertilizers to boost their yield. To aid in the growth of crops,
they use organic and natural fertilizers such as cow dung.
This contributes to higher-quality, chemical-free crops while also
preserving the soil’s quality for future usage.
8. What is the role towards Sustainable Development?
The importance of Sustainable Development in finding solutions to
the world’s growing problems. Countries should establish laws and
guidelines to eliminate poverty and hunger, as well as to provide decent
health and education.
Some of the important Sustainable Development goals are –
a. Quality Education
b. Clean Water and Sanitation
c. Affordable and Clean Energy
d. Decent Work and Economic Growth
e. Reduced Inequalities
f. Sustainable Cities and Communities
g. Responsible Consumers and producers
h. Protect life below water
i. Protect Life on Land