Introduction to Heat Exchangers
What Are Heat Exchangers?
Heat exchangers are designed to transfer heat
from a hot flowing stream to a cold flowing
stream.
Why Use Heat Exchangers?
Heat exchangers and heat recovery is often used
to improve process efficiency.
What are heat exchangers for?
Heat exchangers are practical devices used to
transfer energy from one fluid to another
To get fluid streams to the right temperature for the
next process
– reactions often require feeds at high temp.
To condense vapours
To evaporate liquids
To recover heat to use elsewhere
To reject low-grade heat
To drive a power cycle
Recuperators/Regenerators
Recuperative:
Has separate flow paths for each fluid
which flow simultaneously through the
exchanger transferring heat between
the streams
Regenerative
Has a single flow path which the hot
and cold fluids alternately pass
through.
The schematic of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (one-shell pass
and one-tube pass).
Heat Exchanger Analysis
Log mean temperature difference (LMTD)
method
.
Want a relation Q UATm
Where Tmis some mean T between hot and cold fluid
Problem
• In a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger,
oil is cooled from 850C to 550C by water
entering at 250C. The mass flow rate of oil is
9,800 kg/h and specific heat of oil is 2000 J/kg
K. The mass flow rate of water is 8000 kg/h
and specific heat of water is 4180 J/kg K.
Determine the heat exchanger area and heat
transfer rate for an overall heat transfer co-
efficient of 280 W/m2K.
Problem
The flow rates of hot and cold water streams
running through a parallel flow heat exchanger
are 0.2 kg/s and 0.5 kg/s respectively. The inlet
temperatures on the hot and cold sides are 750C
and 200C respectively. The exit temperature of
hot water is 450C. If the individual heat transfer
coefficients on both sides are 650 W/m2 0C,
calculate the area of the heat exchanger.
(Ans: Area = 2.66 m2)
Problem
In a certain double pipe heat exchanger hot
water flows at a rate of 5000 kg/h and gets
cooled from 950C to 650C. At the same time
50000 kg/h of cooling water at 300C enters the
heat exchanger. The flow conditions are such
that overall heat transfer coefficient remains
constant at 2270 W/m2 K. Determine the heat
transfer area required and the effectiveness,
assuming two streams are in parallel flow.
Assume for the both streams Cp = 4.2 KJ/Kg K.
(Area =39.2 m2; Effectiveness = 0.461)
Problem
• Water flows at the rate of 65 Kg/min through
a double pipe counter flow heat exchanger.
Water is heated from 500C to 750C by an oil
flowing through the tube. The specific heat of
the oil is 1.780 KJ/Kg K. The oil enters at 1150C
and leaves at [Link] overall heat transfer
co-efficient is 340 W/m2K. Calculate
i) Heat exchanger area
ii) Rate of heat transfer
Problem
A steam condenser consists of 3000 brass tubes of
20 mm diameter. Cooling water enters the tubes at
200C with a mean flow rate of 3000 kg/s. The heat
transfer coefficient on the inner surface is 11270
W/m2 0C and that for condensation on the outer
surface is 15500 W/m2 0C. The steam condensed at
500C, and the condenser load is 230 MW. The latent
heat of steam is 2380 KJ/Kg. Assuming counter flow
arrangement, calculate the tube length per pass if
two tube passes are used?
Problem
Steam condenses at atmospheric pressure on the
external surface of the tubes of a steam condenser. The
tubes are 12 in number and each is 30 mm in diameter
and 10 m long. The inlet and outlet temperatures of
cooling water flowing inside the tubes are 250C and
600C respectively. If the flow rate is 1.1 kg/s, calculate
i) Rate of condensation of steam
ii) Overall heat transfer coefficient based on the inner
surface area
iii) Number of transfer units (NTU)
iv) Effectiveness of the condenser