Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Question1
Which of the following electronegativity order is incorrect?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. S < Cl < O < F

B. Al < Si < C < N

C. Al < Mg < B < N

D. Mg < Be < B < N

Answer: C

Solution:
Let’s compare the known electronegativities (Pauling scale) of the elements in each option:

F ~ 3.98

O ~ 3.44

N ~ 3.04

Cl ~ 3.16

C ~ 2.55

B ~ 2.04

S ~ 2.58 (sometimes listed as 2.5–2.58)

Si ~ 1.90

Al ~ 1.61

Be ~ 1.57

Mg ~ 1.31

Now, check each statement:

Option A: S < Cl < O < F

S (2.58) < Cl (3.16) < O (3.44) < F (3.98)

This order is correct.

Option B: Al < Si < C < N

Al (1.61) < Si (1.90) < C (2.55) < N (3.04)

This order is correct.

Option C: Al < Mg < B < N

Actual electronegativities are Al (1.61) and Mg (1.31).

The statement says “Al < Mg,” which would mean 1.61 < 1.31, which is wrong.

Therefore, Option C is incorrect.

Option D: Mg < Be < B < N

Mg (1.31) < Be (1.57) < B (2.04) < N (3.04)

This order is correct.

Answer: Option C is the incorrect order.

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Question2
Match List-I with List-II.

List - I List - II

(A) Al
3+
< Mg
2+
< Na
+
< F
−
(I) Ionisation Enthalpy

(B) B < C < O < N (II) Metallic character

(C) B < Al < Mg < K (III) Electronegativity

(D) Si < P < S < Cl (IV) Ionic radii

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)- (II), (D)-(III)

B. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)- (II), (D)-(I)

C. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)- (IV), (D)-(I)

D. (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)- (III), (D)-(II)

Answer: A

Solution:
(A) Al 3+
< Mg
2+
< Na
+
< F
−

All four ions (Al , Mg , Na , F ) are isoelectronic (each has 10 electrons). For isoelectronic species, ionic radii decrease as
3+ 2+ + −

the positive nuclear charge increases, which is why the smallest ion here is Al (Z=13) and the largest is F (Z=9). Thus, this
3+ −

ordering is one of increasing ionic radius.

(A) ⟶ (IV) Ionic radii

(B) B < C < O < N

Check first ionization enthalpies (IE ): 1

B: ≈ 801\,kJ/mol

C: ≈ 1086\,kJ/mol

O: ≈ 1314\,kJ/mol

N: ≈ 1402\,kJ/mol

Hence, the order of increasing IE is 1

B < C < O < N.

This matches the given sequence exactly.

(B) ⟶ (I) Ionisation enthalpy

(C) B < Al < Mg < K

Consider metallic character (the tendency to lose electrons easily, show metallic properties). Across a period (left to right),
metallic character decreases; down a group, it increases.

B (metalloid) has the least metallic character here.

Al (group 13 metal) is more metallic than B.

Mg (group 2 metal) is typically more metallic than Al.

K (group 1 metal) is the most metallic among these.

Thus, B < Al < Mg < K is an order of increasing metallic character.

(C) ⟶ (II) Metallic character

(D) Si < P < S < Cl

Check electronegativities:

Si: ≈ 1.90

P: ≈ 2.19

S: ≈ 2.58

Cl: ≈ 3.16

They increase in the order

Si < P < S < Cl,

which matches the given sequence for increasing electronegativity.

(D) ⟶ (III) Electronegativity

Final Matching
(A) → (I V ), (B) → (I ), (C) → (I I ), (D) → (I I I ).

Looking at the choices given:

Option A: (A) − (I V ), (B) − (I ), (C) − (I I ), (D) − (I I I )

This is exactly what we found.

Answer: Option A
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Question3
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : An element in the extreme left of the periodic table forms acidic
oxides.

Statement (II) : Acid is formed during the reaction between water and oxide of a
reactive element present in the extreme right of the periodic table.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

C. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: D

Solution:
First, let us re-state the two statements clearly:

Statement (I): An element in the extreme left of the periodic table forms acidic oxides.

Statement (II): Acid is formed during the reaction between water and oxide of a reactive element present in the extreme right of
the periodic table.
Analyzing Statement (I)
The extreme left of the periodic table corresponds to the alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2).

These metals typically form basic (or occasionally amphoteric, in the case of some Group 2 elements) oxides, not acidic oxides.

For example, Na₂O, K₂O, MgO, CaO, etc., all form basic solutions (e.g., Na₂O + H₂O → 2 NaOH).

Hence, Statement (I)—that an element in the extreme left forms acidic oxides—is false.

Analyzing Statement (II)

The extreme right of the periodic table corresponds to the nonmetals in Groups 15, 16, 17 (and noble gases in Group 18).

Nonmetal oxides (such as those of sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine) are generally acidic.

When these oxides dissolve in water, they typically form acids.

Example: SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid)

Example: P₂O₅ + 3 H₂O → 2 H₃PO₄ (phosphoric acid)

Example: Cl₂O₇ + H₂O → 2 HClO₄ (perchloric acid)

Thus, Statement (II)—that acid is formed when water reacts with an oxide of a reactive element in the extreme right—is true.

Conclusion
Statement (I) is false.

Statement (II) is true.

Therefore, the correct choice is:

(D) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.

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Question4
The element that does not belong to the same period of the remaining elements
(modern periodic table) is:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. Platinum

B. Osmium

C. Iridium

D. Palladium

Answer: D
Solution:
Let's analyze the periods for each element:

Platinum (Pt) has an atomic number of 78, which places it in period 6.

Osmium (Os) has an atomic number of 76, also in period 6.

Iridium (Ir) has an atomic number of 77, which is in period 6 as well.

Palladium (Pd) has an atomic number of 46, placing it in period 5.

Since Palladium is in period 5 while the other elements are in period 6, the element that does not belong to the same period is:

Option D: Palladium.

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Question5
Given below are the atomic numbers of some group 14 elements. The atomic
number of the element with lowest melting point is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. 14

B. 50

C. 6

D. 82

Answer: B

Solution:
Order of M.P. of group 14: C > Si > Ge > Pb > Sn

Element M.P. ( ∘ C)

Z=6=C 3730

Z = 14 = Si 1410

Z = 32 = Ge 937

Z = 50 = Sn 232

Z = 82 = Pb 327

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Question6
Which of the following statements are NOT true about the periodic table?

A. The properties of elements are function of atomic weights.

B. The properties of elements are function of atomic numbers.

C. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations are arranged in same

period.

D. An element's location reflects the quantum numbers of the last filled orbital.

E. The number of elements in a period is same as the number of atomic orbitals

available in energy level that is being filled.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. A, C and E Only

B. A and E Only

C. B, C and E Only

D. D and E Only

Answer: A

Solution:
Let's analyze each statement one by one:

A. The properties of elements are function of atomic weights.

Originally, elements were arranged by atomic weights, but it was later understood that their properties depend on the atomic
number (the number of protons) rather than the atomic weight.

Thus, this statement is NOT true.

B. The properties of elements are function of atomic numbers.

The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number, and an element’s properties directly relate to its number of protons
and the corresponding electron configuration.

This statement is true.

C. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations are arranged in same period.

Elements that have similar outer electronic configurations are actually grouped in the same column (group) rather than the same
row (period).

Therefore, this statement is NOT true.

D. An element's location reflects the quantum numbers of the last filled orbital.
The arrangement of elements corresponds to the electron configurations determined by quantum numbers, especially for the last
electron added.

This statement is true.

E. The number of elements in a period is same as the number of atomic orbitals available in energy level that is being filled.

In an energy level, the number of atomic orbitals does not directly equal the number of elements in a period. For example, period
2 has 1s filled, and then the 2s and 2p orbitals are filled (a total of 4 orbitals), yet there are 8 elements because each orbital can
accommodate 2 electrons.

Hence, this statement is NOT true.

So, the statements that are NOT true about the periodic table are A, C, and E.

Thus, the correct answer is:

Option A: A, C and E Only.

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Question7
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : The first ionization energy of Pb is greater than that of Sn .

Statement (II) : The first ionization energy of Ge is greater than that of Si .

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Options:

A. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

C. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

D. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Answer: D

Solution:
Order of I.E. (in KJ/mol) :

C > Si > Ge > Sn > Pb

1086 786 761 708 715

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Question8
The successive 5 ionisation energies of an element are 800, 2427, 3658, 25024 and
32824 kJ/mol, respectively. By using the above values predict the group in which

the above element is present :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Options:

A. Group 4

B. Group 2

C. Group 13

D. Group 14

Answer: C

Solution:
We can determine the number of valence electrons by looking for a large jump in successive ionization energies. Here's how we
can analyze the data:

The ionization energies given are:

I E 1 = 800 kJ/mol

I E 2 = 2427 kJ/mol

I E 3 = 3658 kJ/mol

I E 4 = 25024 kJ/mol

I E 5 = 32824 kJ/mol

Notice that:

The first three ionization energies are relatively low.

There is a significant jump between the third and fourth ionization energy.

What does the gap indicate?

The large jump from I E to I E means that after removing the first three electrons (which are the valence electrons), the next
3 4

electron to be removed (a core electron) is much more strongly bound.

This implies that the element has 3 valence electrons.

Which group does an element with 3 valence electrons belong to?

Elements with 3 valence electrons are found in Group 13 of the periodic table.

Thus, the element most likely belongs to Group 13.

Correct Answer: Option C (Group 13).

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Question9
Consider the following elements In, Tl, Al, Pb, Sn and Ge .The most stable
oxidation states of elements with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies,
respectively, are

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. +4 and +1

B. +4 and +3

C. +1 and +4

D. +2 and +3

Answer: B

Solution:

Among Al, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, the metal having highest IE is Ge and lowest IE is In.
1 1

Most stable oxidation state of Ge is +4 and In is +3 .

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Question10
The incorrect decreasing order of atomic radii is

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. Si > P > Cl > F

B. Mg > Al > C > O

C. Al > B > N > F

D. Be > Mg > Al > Si

Answer: D

Solution:
Let's analyze the options based on the periodic trends in atomic radii. Recall two key trends:
Atomic radii decrease as you move from left to right in a period due to increasing effective nuclear charge.

Atomic radii increase as you move down a group because additional electron shells are added.

We'll review each option:

Option A: Si > P > Cl > F

Silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and chlorine (Cl) are in the same period, with a gradual decrease in atomic radius from left to right.

Fluorine (F) is in an earlier period (it has only 2 electron shells) and is much smaller.

Hence, the order follows the expected trend.

Option B: Mg > Al > C > O

Magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) are period 3 elements, whereas carbon (C) and oxygen (O) belong to period 2.

Period 3 elements generally have larger radii than period 2 counterparts.

The order is consistent: Mg and Al are larger than C and O, and within each period, radii decrease from left to right.

Option C: Al > B > N > F

Aluminum (Al) is in period 3 and is expected to be larger than boron (B), nitrogen (N), and fluorine (F) from period 2.

Within period 2 (B, N, F), the atomic radii decrease from left to right.

Thus, this order is correct as well.

Option D: Be > Mg > Al > Si

Beryllium (Be) is in period 2, while magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and silicon (Si) are in period 3.

Since atomic radii increase with the number of electron shells, Be (with only 2 shells) should be smaller than Mg.

This means that stating Be > Mg is incorrect.

Thus, the incorrect decreasing order of atomic radii is given in Option D.

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Question11
Given below are two statements :

Statement I : According to the Law of Octaves, the elements were arranged in

the increasing order of their atomic number.

Statement II : Meyer observed a periodically repeated pattern upon plotting

physical properties of certain elements against their respective atomic numbers.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

C.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

D.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Answer: A

Solution:

Law of octaves was arranged in the increasing order of their atomic weight.

Lothar Meyer plotted the physical properties such as atomic volume, melting point and boiling point against atomic weight.

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Question12
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : The radii of isoelectronic species increases in the order.

Mg2+ < Na+ < F− < O2-

Statement (II) : The magnitude of electron gain enthalpy of halogen decreases in

the order.

Cl > F > Br > I

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
C.
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

D.
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Answer: B

Solution:
Statement I : Correct

The radii of isoelectronic species increases in the order Mg 2+

< Na
+
< F
−
< O
2−
(number of electrons = 10)

In general, radius of cation is smaller than anion A +

< A
−
cation with positive charge have higher effective nuclear charge.

Reason : In cations, number of electrons decreases, but number of protons remains the same. This causes a stronger pull on the
remaining electrons by the nucleus, resulting in a higher effective nuclear charge.

With increase in effective nuclear charge, radii decreases so, increase in positive charge indicate more number of electron
removal and hence increase in effective nuclear charge. As a result, radii decreases. So, Mg has lower radii than Na .2+ +

For anion, number of electrons are increased. The electron-electron repulsion weakens the attraction between the nucleus and the
electrons, resulting in a decrease in effective nuclear charge. So, effective nuclear charge of O^{2-}islowerthanF . −

So, O 2−
with lower effective nuclear charge causes longer radii of it.

So, F −
< O
2−

So, M g 2+
< Na
+
< F
−
< O
2−

Ionic radii of isoelectronic species decreases as nuclear charge increases. The cation with greater +ve charge will have a smaller
radius and the anion with the greater −ve charge will have a bigger radius for isoelectronic species.

Statement II : Correct

The magnitude of electron gain enthalpy of halogen decreases in the order Cl > F > Br > I.

Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released when an atom accepts the electron from any neutral isolated gaseous
atom to form an anion.

Generally, electron gain enthalpy decreases down the group. The exception is for F and cl. Electron gain enthalpy of F is less
than Cl. It is due to the comparatively small size of F atom.

For Cl, Br and I, the electron gain enthalpy decreases as go from Cl to I.

So, both the statements are correct.

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Question13
An element ‘E’ has the ionisation enthalpy value of 374 kJ mol⁻¹. ‘E’ reacts with
elements A, B, C and D with electron gain enthalpy values of −328, −349, −325
and −295 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The correct order of the products EA, EB, EC
and ED in terms of ionic character is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
EB > EA > EC > ED

B.
EA > EB > EC > ED

C.
ED > EC > EA > EB

D.
ED > EC > EB > EA

Answer: A

Solution:

Element E Ionisation enthalpy value → 374 kJ mol

−1
→

Element A → Electron gain enthalpy value → −328 kJ mol −1

Element B → Electron gain enthalpy value → −349 kJ mol

−1

Element C → Electron gain enthalpy value → −325 kJ mol −1

Element D → Electron gain enthalpy value → −295 kJ mol −1

Ionization enthalpy is the energy required to remove an election from an atom or ion in the gas phase. An element with lower
ionization enthalpy indicate easier cation formation and this lead to higher ionic character. Electron gain enthalpy is the energy
released when an election is added to an atom or ion in the gas phase. A highly negative election gain enthalpy Indicate that the
atom readily gains electrons, favouring the formation of anions. This leads to stronger ionic character in compounds. High ionic
character generally occurs when the difference in ionisation enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy between the two atoms is large.

For EA,

Difference between ionisation enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy

−1 −1
= 374kJmol − (−328 kJ mol )

−1
= 702 kJ mol

For EB,

Difference between ionisation enthalpy and elation gain enthalpy

−1 1
= 374 kJ mol − (−349 kJ mol )

−1
= 723 kJ mol

For EC ,

Difference between ionisation enthalpy and election gain enthalpy

−1 −1
= 374 kJ mol − (−325 kJ mol )

−1
= 699 kJ mol

For ED,

Difference between ionisation enthalpy and election gain enthalpy

 −1 −1
= 374 kJ mol − (−295 kJ mol )

−1
= 669 kJ mol

Higher difference between ionisation enthalpy and election gain enthalpy is for compound EB. So, EB has higher ionic character.

The Lower value of difference between ionisation enthalpy and election gain enthalpy is for compound ED. So, ED has lower
ionic character. The increasing order of compounds for the difference between ionisation enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy →

EB < EC < EA < EB

So, increasing. order of compounds for ionic character:

ED < EC < EA < EB

In the decreasing order,

EB > EA > EC > ED

Correct option (1)

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Question14
First ionisation enthalpy values of first four group 15 elements are given below.
Choose the correct value for the element that is a main component of apatite
family :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.

834 kJ mol−1

B.

947 kJ mol−1

C.

1402 kJ mol−1

D.

1012 kJ mol−1

Answer: D

Solution:

Apalite family - A group of phosphate minerals that includes fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and hychoxyapatite. Chemical formula
Ca 10 (P O 4 ) 6 (OH , F , Cl) 2
F luorapatite → Ca 10 (P O 4 ) 6 F 2

Chlorapatite → Ca 10 (P O 4 ) 6 Cl 2

H ydroxyapatite → Ca 10 (P O 4 ) 6 (OH ) 2

So, the element considered is phosphorus.

phosphorus is half filled and hence stable (s p ).

AO

B.
AO2

C.
A2O

D.
A2O3

Answer: D

Solution:
The elements given are

Li, Na, Be, Mg, B and Al

⎪
⎫

⎬
M ain components :

⎭Calcium and phosphate

The first four group 15 elements are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As) and Antimony (Sb). The outer configuration of
2 3

For a stable configuration, ionization enthalpy is high. Ionization enthalpy - Energy required to remove an electron from the
gaseous atom.

Nitrogen has the highest first ionization enthalpy in group 15.

Down the group, ionization enthalpy decreases.

Down the group, atomic size increases, valence electrons are less attracted to the nucleus. And here, electron removal will
become easier. So, ionization enthalpy is also decreases.

The highest value of ionization enthalpy 1402 KJ mol −1

corresponds to nitrogen element.

So, the first ionization enthalpy of the element that is a main component of apatite family is option D) 1012 kJ mol .

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Question15
The type of oxide formed by the element among Li, Na, Be, Mg, B and Al that
has the least atomic radius is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
−1
2 nd
period elements → Li, Be, B

Order of atomic radii → Li > Be > B

3 rd
period elements → Na, Mg, Al

Order of atomic radii → Na > Mg > Al

In a period, atomic radii decreases on moving from left to right.

So, the element with least atomic radii in 2 nd period (Li, Be, B) is B. The element with least atomic radii 3 rd period (Na, Mg, Al)
is Al.

In B and Al ⇒ B and Al are same group elements. Down the group, radii increases. So, B has least radii.

B is the element with least atomic radius to form the oxide A 2 O3 .

Oxidation states of the A in oxides :

A 0 → +2 A 0 2 → +2 A 2 0 → +1 A 2 0 → +3
3

B outer configuration is s P . 3 valence electrons and form A O type oxide.

2 1
2 3

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Question16
The property/properties that show irregularity in first four elements of group-17
is/are

(A) Covalent radius

(B) Electron affinity

(C) Ionic radius

(D) First ionization energy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. A, B, C and D

B. A and C only

C. B only

D. B and D only

Answer: C

Solution:
The order of first four elements of group-17 are as follows.

F < Cl < Br < I (Covalent radius)

Cl > F > Br > I (Electron affinity)

F < Cl
−
< Br
−
< I (Ionic radius)

F > Cl > Br > I ( I ionization energy)

st

Electron affinity order is irregular.

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Question17
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : The metallic radius of Al is less than that of Ga .

Statement (II) : The ionic radius of Al 3+

is less than that of Ga .
3+

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from
the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

C. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Answer: C

Solution:

⇒ The metallic radius order of Al&Ga is

(due to poor shielding of d-subshell electrons)

⇒ The ionic radius order of Al +3

&Ga
+3
is
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3
B < Al < Ga < In < Tℓ

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Question18
Electronic configuration of four elements A, B, C and D are given below :

(A) 1s 2
2s 2p
2 3

(B) 1s 2
2s 2p
2 4

(C) 1s 2
2s 2p
2 5

(D) 1s 2
2s 2p
2 2

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing electronegativity

(Pauling's scale)?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. D < A < B < C

B. A < B < C < D

C. A < C < B < D

D. A < D < B < C

Answer: A

Solution:
The electronic configurations of four elements, A, B, C, and D, are presented as follows:

(A) 1s 2 2
2s 2p
3

(B) 1s 2 2
2s 2p
4

(C) 1s 2 2
2s 2p
5

(D) 1s 2 2
2s 2p
2

To determine the correct order of increasing electronegativity according to Pauling's scale, analyze the elements as follows:

Nitrogen (1s 2
2s 2p
2 3
): Electronegativity = 3.0

Oxygen (1s 2
2s 2p
2 4
): Electronegativity = 3.5

Fluorine (1s 2
2s 2p
2 5
): Electronegativity = 4.0

Carbon (1s 2
2s 2p
2 2
): Electronegativity = 2.55

The correct order of increasing electronegativity is:

Carbon (D) < Nitrogen (A) < Oxygen (B) < Fluorine (C)
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Question19
Which of the following statements are correct?

A. The process of adding an electron to a neutral gaseous atom is always

exothermic.

B. The process of removing an electron from an isolated gaseous atom is always

endothermic.

C. The 1 st ionization energy of boron is less than that of beryllium.

D. The electronegativity of C is 2.5 in CH and CCl 4 4

E. Li is the most electropositive among elements of group I.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. A, C and D Only

B. B and C Only

C. B and D Only

D. B, C and E Only

Answer: B

Solution:
(A) The process of adding an e to a neutral gaseous atom is not always exothermic it may be exothermic or endothermic.
−

(C) Be B

2 2 2 2 1
1 s 2s 1s 2s 2p

In Be 2s subshell in fully filled

So, need high energy to remove e as compared to B .

−
due to partially positive charge z eff ↑, EN ↑

So, EN of C ⇒ CCl 4
> CH 4

(E) Cs is most electropositive.

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Question20
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

LIST-I LIST-II
(Family) (Symbol of Element)

A. Pnictogen (group 15) I Ts

B Chalcogen II Og

C Halogen III Lv

D Noble gas IV Mc

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

B. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

C. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

D. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Answer: B

Solution:
To correctly match the elements with their respective families and symbols, consider the following associations:

Pnictogen is matched with Moscovium (Mc), which has the atomic number 115.

Chalcogen corresponds to Livermorium (Lv), with the atomic number 116.

Halogen is associated with Tennessine (Ts), with atomic number 117.

Noble gas correlates with Oganesson (Og), which has an atomic number of 118.
This alignment clarifies the classification of elements based on their family groups and chemical symbols.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
The correct orders among the following are

Atomic radius : B < Al < Ga < In < Tl

Electronegativity : Al < Ga < In < Tl < B

Density : Tl < In < Ga < Al < B

1st Ionisation Energy : In < Al < Ga < Tl < B

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. B and D Only

B. A and B Only

C. C and D Only

D. A and C Only

Answer: A

Solution:

- B Al Ga In Tl
Atomic radius (pm) 88 143 135 167 170
Electronegativity 2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
Density (g/cm3) 2.35 2.7 5.9 7.31 11.85
Ionisation Energy (kJ/mol) 801 577 579 558 589

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question22
The elements of Group 13 with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies are
respectively :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Options:

A. B & Tl

B. Tl & B

C. B & In

D. B & Ga

Answer: C

Solution:
IE order
B > Tℓ > Ga > Al > In

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question23
The incorrect relationship in the following pairs in relation to ionisation
enthalpies is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Options:

A. Mn 2+
< Fe
2+

B. Mn +
< Mn
2+

C. Mn +
< Cr
+

D. Fe 2+
< Fe
3+

Answer: A

Solution:
2+ 5
Mn : [Ar]3 d
Half filled stability

More 1E than Fe 2+

2+ 6
Fe : [Ar]3 d

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question24
The group 14 elements A and B have the first ionisation enthalpy values of 708
and 715 kJ mol respectively. The above values are lowest among their group
−1

members. The nature of their ions A and B respectively is 2+ 4+

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Morning Shift

Options:

A. both reducing

B. oxidising and reducing

C. both oxidising

D. reducing and oxidising

Answer: D

Solution:

Given the ionization energy values for elements A and B in group 14, where A has an ionization energy of 708 kJ/mol and B has
715 kJ/mol, these values are the lowest among their group. This helps identify the elements as tin (Sn) and lead (Pb),
respectively. In this context:

The A 2+
ion corresponds to Sn , which acts as a reducing agent.
2+

The B 4+
ion corresponds to Pb , which acts as an oxidizing agent.
4+

Therefore, Sn in the +2 oxidation state tends to donate electrons (reduce), while Pb in the +4 oxidation state tends to accept
electrons (oxidize), underscoring their respective roles as reducing and oxidizing agents.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
The number of valence electrons present in the metal among Cr, Co, Fe and Ni
which has the lowest enthalpy of atomisation is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Morning Shift

Options:
A. 10

B. 6

C. 9

D. 8

Answer: B

Solution:

To determine the number of valence electrons in the metal with the lowest enthalpy of atomization among Chromium (Cr),
Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), and Nickel (Ni), we need to examine their respective electron configurations.

Chromium has the electron configuration:

Cr = [Ar]3d 5
4s
1

Based on this configuration, Chromium has a total of six valence electrons (1 from the 4s orbital and 5 from the 3d orbital).

Chromium is noted for having the lowest enthalpy of atomization among the given metals. Thus, the number of valence electrons
in Chromium, the metal with the lowest enthalpy of atomization, is 6.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
Choose the incorrect trend in the atomic radii (r) of the elements.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
rRb < rCs

B.
rAt < rCs

C.
rBr < rK

D.
rMg < rAl

Answer: D

Solution:
In a period (row on the periodic table), the atomic size generally decreases as you move from left to right. This is because
additional electrons are being added to the same outer shell while the number of protons in the nucleus increases, pulling the
electron cloud closer to the nucleus and reducing the atomic radii.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question27
Given below are two statements:

Statement I: H2Se is more acidic than H2Te

Statement II: H2Se has higher bond enthalpy for dissociation than H2Te

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

C.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: D

Solution:

To determine the relative acidity and bond enthalpy of H₂Se and H₂Te, let's examine both:

Acidic Strength:

The acidity of hydrides increases as we move down the group in the periodic table. This is because the bond strength between
hydrogen and the central atom decreases, making it easier for the hydrogen ions to dissociate. Therefore, H₂Te, being further
down the group than H₂Se, is more acidic:

H 2 Se < H 2 Te

Bond Enthalpy:

Bond enthalpy refers to the energy required to dissociate a bond. The bond enthalpy decreases down the group due to weaker
bonds forming as the atomic size increases. Hence, H₂Se has a higher bond enthalpy compared to H₂Te:
Δ dis H : H 2 Se > H 2 Te

H 2
Se [276 KJ/mol] > H 2
Te [238 KJ/mol]

Thus, H₂Se is indeed less acidic than H₂Te, but it has a higher bond enthalpy for dissociation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
The atomic number of the element from the following with lowest 1st ionisation
enthalpy is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
32

B.
35

C.
19

D.
87

Answer: D

Solution:

To determine which element has the lowest first ionization enthalpy among the given options, we look at the atomic numbers:

Atomic number 32 corresponds to Germanium (Ge).

Atomic number 35 corresponds to Bromine (Br).

Atomic number 87 corresponds to Francium (Fr).

Atomic number 19 corresponds to Potassium (K).

The element with the lowest first ionization energy is Francium (Fr) with atomic number 87. This can be represented by its
electron configuration: Fr − [Rn]7s . Francium, being a part of the alkali metal group, has the most loosely bound outer electron
1

compared to the other elements listed, resulting in a lower first ionization enthalpy.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
Inert gases have positive electron gain enthalpy. Its correct order is
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Xe < Kr < Ne < He

B. He < Ne < Kr < Xe

C. He < Xe < Kr < Ne

D. He < Kr < Xe < Ne

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

From NCERT
So, order is Ne > Kr > Xe > He

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question30
Which of the following represents the correct order of metallic character of the
given elements?
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Si < Be < Mg < K

B. Be < Si < Mg < K

C. K < Mg < Be < Si

D. Be< Si <K < Mg

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Metallic character increases down the group and decreases along the period.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
The bond dissociation energy is highest for
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Cl2

B. I2

C. Br2

D. F2

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Bond energy of F2 less than Cl2 due to lone pair lone pair repulsions.
Bond energy order Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
Match List - I with List - II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III

B. A - I, B - III, C - IV, D - II

C. A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I

D. A - IV, B - II, C - I, D - III

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
The correct increasing order of the ionic radii is
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Cl− < Ca2+ < K+ < S2−

B. K+ < S2− < Ca2+ < Cl−

C. S2− < Cl− < Ca2+ < K+

2+
D. Ca < K+ < Cl− < S2 −

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
1
In isoelectronic species size ∝
Z
Ca2+<K+<Cl−<S2− : Size
Z: 20 19 17 18
Z : 20191718

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question34
Nd2+ = _______
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 4f26 s2

B. 4f 4

C. 4f 3

D. 4f 46s2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Nd(60) = [Xe]4f45d06 s2
Nd2+ = [Xe]4f45d05 s0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is
labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : The first ionization enthalpy of 3d series elements is more than
that of group 2 metals
Reason (R): In 3d series of elements successive filling of d-orbitals takes place.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C. (A) is false but (R) is true

D. (A) is true but (R) is false

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
From Sc to Mn ionization energy is less than that of Mg
For 3 d series:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
Which of the following elements have half-filled f-orbitals in their ground state?
(Given : atomic number
Sm = 62; Eu = 63; Tb = 65; Gd = 64, Pm = 61 )
A. Sm
B. Eu
C. Tb
D. Gd
E. Pm
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. B and D only

B. A and E only
C. A and B only

D. C and D only

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
1. 62 Sm : 4f66 s2
2. 64 Gd : 4f75d16 s2
3. 63 Eu : 4f76 s2
9 2
4. 65 Tb : 4f 6 s
5. 61 Pm : 4f 56 s2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question37
For electron gain enthalpies of the elements denoted as ∆eg H, the incorrect option
is :
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. ∆eg H(Cl) < ∆eg H (F)

B. ∆eg H(Se) < ∆eg H(S)

C. ∆eg H (I) <∆eg H (At)

D. ∆eg H(Te) < ∆eg H(Po)

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
(1) ∆eg H(Cl) < ∆eg H(F)
(−345)(−328) Correct
(2) ∆eg H(Se) < ∆eg H(S)
(−195) (−200) Incorrect
(3) ∆eg H (I) <∆eg H (At)
(-295) (-270) Correct
(4) ∆eg H(Te) < ∆eg H(Po)
(−190) (−183) Correct

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question38
Which one of the following elements will remain as liquid inside pure boiling
water ?
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Cs

B. Ga

C. Li

D. Br

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Li, Cs reacts vigorously with water.
Br2 changes in vapour state in boiling water (BP = 58∘C)
Ga reacts with water above 100∘C( MP = 29∘C, BP. = 2400∘C )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
Group-13 elements react with O2 in amorphous form to form oxides of type
M2O3 ( M = element). Which among the following is the most basic oxide?
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Al2O3

B. Ga2O3

C. Tl2O3

D. B2O3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
As electropositive character increases basic character of oxide increases.
B2O3 < Al2O3 < Ga2O3 < In2O3 < Tl2O3
acidic amphoteric basic

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question40
The correct order of electronegativity for given elements is:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. P > Br > C > At

B. C > P > At > Br

C. Br > P > At > C

D. Br > C > At > P

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
C(2.5)
P(2.1) ⇒ Br > C > At > P
Br(2.8)
At (2.2)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is
labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : The energy required to form Mg2+ from Mg is much higher than
that required to produce Mg+
Reason R: Mg2+ is small ion and carry more charge than Mg+
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below.
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. A is true but R is false

C. A is false but R is true

D. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

In formation of Mg2+ IE1 + IE2 is required while in formation of Mg+IE1 is required

2+ ⊕
(R) Mg is small ion and carry more change than Mg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
The correct order of metallic character is =
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. K > Be > Ca

B. Be > Ca > K

C. K > Ca > Be

D. Ca > K > Be

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

So K > Ca > Be

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
For compound having the formula GaAlCl4, the correct option form the
following is
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:
A. Cl forms bond with both Al and Ga in GaAlCl4

B. Ga is coordinated with Cl in GaAlCl4

C. Ga is more electronegative than Al and is present as a cationic part of the salt

D. Oxidation state of Ga in the salt GaAlCl4 is +3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Gallous tetrachloro aluminate Ga+AlCl4−
190∘
2 Ga + Ga Cl4 + 2Al2Cl6 → 4Ga+AlCl4−
+ −

Structure of Ga+AlCl4−

Ga is cationic part of salt GaAlCl4.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
For elements B, C, N, Li, Be, O and F, the correct order of first ionization
enthalpy is
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. B > Li > Be > C > N > O > F

B. Li < Be < B < C < N < O < F

C. Li < Be < B < C < O < N< F

D. Li< B < Be < C < O < N < F

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
First I.E.
F > N > O > C > Be > B > Li
Li − 520 kJ ∕ mol
Be − 899 kJ ∕ mol
B − 801 kJ ∕ mol
C − 1086 kJ ∕ mol
N − 1402 kJ ∕ mol
O − 1314 kJ ∕ mol
F − 1681 kJ ∕ mol

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
Which of the following statements are not correct?
A. The electron gain enthalpy of F is more negative than that of Cl.
B. Ionization enthalpy decreases in a group of periodic table.
C. The electronegativity of an atom depends upon the atoms bonded to it.
D. Al2O3 and NO are examples of amphoteric oxides.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. A, C and D Only

B. B and D Only

C. A, B and D Only

D. A, B, C and D

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Electronegativity of an element depends on the atom with which it is attached.
NO = neutral oxide
Al2O3 = amphoteric oxide

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
Identify the correct order of standard enthalpy of formation of sodium halides.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. NaI < NaBr < NaF < NaCl

B. NaF < NaCl < NaBr < Nal

C. NaCl < NaF < NaBr < Nal

D. Nal < NaBr < NaCl < NaF

Answer: D
Solution:

Solution:
For a given metal ∆f H0 always becomes less negative from fluoride to iodide.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
The number of molecules from the following which contain only two lone pair of
electrons is ________
H2O, N2, CO, XeF4, NH3, NO, CO2, F2
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
Metals generally melt at very high temperature. Amongst the following, the
metal with the highest melting point will be
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Hg

B. Ag

C. Ga

D. Cs

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

Melting points of the given metals

Hg : −38.83∘C
Ag : 961.8∘C
Ga : 29.76∘C
Cs : 28.44∘C
∴ Metal having highest melting point is Ag.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
The correct order of electron gain enthalpies of Cl, F, Te and Po is
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. F < Cl < Te < Po

B. Po < Te < F < Cl

C. Te < Po < Cl < F

D. Cl < F < Te < Po

Answer: B
Solution:

Solution:
Te → −190 kJ mol−1
Po → −174 kJ mol−1
F → −333 kJ mol−1
Cl → −349 kJ mol−1
Hence, correct order is Cl > F > Te > Po

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
Which of the following elements is considered as a metalloid?
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Sc

B. Pb

C. Bi

D. Te

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Sc, Pb, Bi are metals
Te is a metalloid

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is
labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The ionic radii of O2− and Mg2+ are same.
Reason (R): Both O2− and Mg2+ are isoelectronic species.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below.
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is true but (R) is false.

D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

Correct order of ionic radii:

−2 +2
O > Mg
This is because among isoelectronic species, the size of anions are greater than the size of cations. Statement (II) is
correct as both O−2 and Mg+2 are isoelectronic.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
The correct order of increasing ionic radii is
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Mg2+ < Na+ < F− < O2− < N3−

B. N3− < O2− < F− < Na+ < Mg2+

C. F− < Na+ < O2− < Mg2+ < N3−

D. Na+ < F− < Mg2+ < O2− < N3−

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
For isoelectronic species
(−) ve charge
Ionic radii ∝
(+) ve charge
Hence, correct order of ionic radii is
Mg2 + < Na+ < F− < O2 − < N3 −

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question53
Element "E" belongs to the period 4 and group 16 of the periodic table. The
valence shell electron configuration of the element, which is just above "E" in
the group is
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 3s2, 3p4

B. 3d 10, 4s2, 4p4

C. 4d 10, 5s2, 5p4

D. 2s2, 2p4

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Element E is Selenium (Se)
Electronic configuration of E is [Ar]3d 104s24p4
The element which is just above ' E ' in periodic table is sulphur, its electronic configuration is [Ne]
2 4
3s 3p

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[28-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. (A) − (IV), (B) − (III), (C) − (I), (D) − (II)

B. (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)

C. (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)

D. (A) − (I), (B) − (II), (C) − (III), (D) − (IV)

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
(A) Cl2O7 → Acidic
(B) Na2O→ Basic
(C) Al2O3 → Amphoteric
(D) N2O→ Neutral
Oxides of metals are basic in nature whereas oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature. N2O is a neutral oxide.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is
labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : The first ionization enthalpy for oxygen is lower than that of
nitrogen.
Reason R : The four electrons in 2p orbitals of oxygen experience more electron-
electron repulsion.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below.
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C. A is correct but R is not correct.

D. A is not correct but R is correct.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Nitrogen has half-filled p-orbitals which is stable. Due to this, its 1 st ionization energy is more than oxygen.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question56
The IUPAC nomenclature of an element with electronic configuration
[Rn]5f 146d 17s2 is :
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Unnilbium

B. Unnilunium

C. Unnilquadium

D. Unniltrium

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The element with electronic configuration [Rn]5f146d17s2 has atomic number →103
∴ Its IUPAC name is: Unniltrium

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
The first ionization enthalpies of Be, B, N and O follow the order
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 0 < N < B < Be

B. Be < B < N < O

C. B < Be < N < O

D. B < Be < O < N

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The first ionization energy increase from left to right along 2 nd period with the following exceptions
IE1 : Be > B and N > O
This is due to stable configuration of Be in comparison to B and that of N in comparison to O.
Hence the correct order is N > O > Be > B

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
Given two statements below :
Statement I : In Cl2 molecule the covalent radius is double of the atomic radius
of chlorine.
Statement II : Radius of anionic species is always greater than their parent
atomic radius.
Choose the most appropriate answer from options given below :
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Covalent radius is not double of atomic radius.
Radius of anionic species is always greater than their parent atomic radius as nuclear charge decreases in anionic
counterpart.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
Outermost electronic configurations of four elements A, B, C, D are given below
:
(A) 3s2
(B) 3s23p1
(C) 3s23p3
(D) 3s23p4
The correct order of first ionization enthalpy for them is :
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. (A) < (B) < (C) < (D)

B. (B) < (A) < (D) < (C)

C. (B) < (D) < (A) < (C)

D. (B) < (A) < (C) < (D)

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Orbitals with fully filled and half-filled electronic configuration are stable, and require more energy for ionization
Elements with greater electronegativity require more energy for ionisation
Hence the correct order is C > D > A > B

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question60
In which of the following pairs, electron gain enthalpies of constituent elements
are nearly the same or identical?
(A) Rb and Cs
(B) Na and K
(C) Ar and Kr
(D) I and At
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. (A) and (B) only

B. (B) and (C) only

C. (A) and (C) only

D. (C) and (D) only

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Rb& Cs have nearly same electron gain enthalpy electron gain enthalpy = −46 kj ∕ ml
Ar \& Kr have same ∆Heq. Value is +96 kj ∕ ml

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
The correct decreasing order for metallic character is
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Na > Mg > Be > Si > P

B. P > Si > Be > Mg > Na

C. Si > P > Be > Na > Mg

D. Be > Na > Mg > Si > P

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
Metallic character increases top to bottom in group and decreases left to right in a period.
Mg is from second group it will be less metallic than Na. Be comes above Mg hence less metallic than Mg. Si is more
metallic than phosphorous.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
Which of the following pair of molecules contain odd electron molecule and an
expanded octet molecule?
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. BCl3 and SF6

B. NO and H2SO4

C. SF6 and H2SO4

D. BCl3 and NO

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
(A) BCl3 - Even electron molecules
SF6 - Expended octet molecules
(B) NO - Odd electron molecules H2SO4 - Expanded octet
(C) SF6 - Even electron molecules H2SO4 - Expanded octet
(D) BCl3 - Even electron molecules NO - odd electron molecules

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
The first ionization enthalpy of Na, Mg and Si, respectively, are : 496, 737 and
786 kJ mol− 1. The first ionization enthalpy (kJ mol− 1) of Al is :
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 487

B. 768

C. 577
D. 856

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
I.E. Na < Al < Mg < Si
∵496< l.E. (Al) < 737
Option (C), matches the condition
i.e. I.E. (Al) = 577 kJ mol−1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
Which pair of oxides is acidic in nature?
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. B2O3, CaO

B. B2O3, SiO2

C. N 2O, BaO

D. CaO, SiO2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
(a) B2O3 ⟶ oxide of boron (non-metal) :acidic
CaO⟶ oxide of calcium (metal) : basic
(b) B2O3 ⟶ oxide of boron (non-metal) : acidic
SiO2 ⟶ oxide of silicon (non-metal) : acidic
(c) N 2O⟶ oxide of nitrogen (non-metal) : neutral
BaO⟶ oxide of barium (metal) : basic
(d) CaO⟶ oxide of calcium (metal): basic
SiO2 ⟶ oxide of silicon (non-metal): acidic
So, option (b) is the correct answer. B2O3 and SiO2 are being acidic oxide they react with base to give salt and water.
B2O3 + 2N aOH ⟶ 2N aBO2 + H 2O
Sodium metaborate
SiO2 + 2N aOH ⟶ N a2SiO3 + H 2O
Sodium silicate

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Question65
Match List-I with List-II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. (A-ii), (b-iii), (c-iv), (d-i)

B. (A-i), (b-iv), (c-iii), (d-ii)

C. (A-i), (b-iii), (c-iv), (d-ii)

D. (A-iv), (b-i), (c-ii), (d-iii)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Here, (B), (C) and (D) are p-block elements of the 2 nd period.
(D) ⟶p1 configuration → B of group 13
(C) ⟶p3 configuration →N of group 15
(B) ⟶p4 configuration → O of group 16

We know, ionisation enthalpy (∆i H )∝ stability of the subshell concerned.

Therefore, half-filled subshell is more stable than partially filled.
∴∆i H order is c > b> > d
(A) is a s-block element (group 2) of 2nd period with s2-configuration → Be of group 2 [fully-filled; stable]
So, the correct order of I E , or ∆i H 1 (in kJ mol −1 ) of the 2 nd period elements will be

The correct matching is (A)-(ii), (B)-(iii), (C)-(iv), (D)-(i)

Note The order of IE, or ∆i H 1 of 2 nd period elements is
Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < N e

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Question66
Consider the elements M g, Al , S, P and Si, the correct increasing order of their
first ionization enthalpy is :
[24feb2021shift1]
Options:

A. M g < Al < Si < S < P

B. Al < M g < Si < S < P

C. M g < Al < Si < P < S

D. Al < M g < S < Si < P

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
M g and P exhibit abnormal behaviour. Due to extra stability of half-filled and fullfilled electronic configuration. First
ionisation enthalpy order is Al < M g < Si < S < P

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Question67
AX is a covalent diatomic molecule, where A and X are second row elements of
periodic table. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of AX is 2.5.
The total number of electrons in AX is .......... (Round off to the nearest integer).
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 15

Solution:

Solution:
AX is a covalent diatomic molecule. The molecule is NO (Nitric oxide). Its bond order is 2.5 and it has a total of 15
electrons (7 + 8 = 15) .
Here ' A ' denotes nitrogen (N) and ' X ' denotes oxygen (O). N O is colourless and toxic gas.
Note : Total number of electrons equal to 13 will also have the 2.5 bond order, but in this case neutral diatomic
molecule will not be possible.

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Question68
The set of elements that differ in mutual relationship from those of the other sets
is
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Li - Mg

B. B-Si

C. Be - Al

D. Li-Na

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Li-Na pair is different from remaining three options as it do not shows diagonal relationship. Both Li-Na belongs to
same group and are not placed diagonally.
Li − M g, B − Si and Be − Al show diagonal relationship.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question69
Identify the elements X and Y using the ionisation energy values given below.

[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. X = N a, Y = M g

B. X = M g, Y = F

C. X = M g, Y = N a

D. X = F , Y = M g

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
Given data,

IE1 IE2
X 495 4563 kJ/mol
Y 71 1450 kJ/mol
X is N a(3s1) as it has very high second ionisation energy due to removal of electron from highly stable noble gas
configuration.
IE1
N a⟶ N a+ + e−; I E 1 = 495kJ /mol
2 2 6 1
1s 2s 2p 3s 1s22s22p6 or[N e]
IE2
N a ⟶N a2+ + e− ;I E 2 = 4563kJ /mol
+

1s22s22p6 1s22s22p5
(Stable noble gas configuration).
In case of M g, noble gas configuration is achieved after removal of second electron. So, I E 2 is comparatively less.
−
M g ⟶ M g+ + e ; I E 1 = 731kJ /mol
2 1
[N e]3s [N e]3s
+ 2+ + e−; I E 2 = 1450kJ /mol
Mg ⟶ Mg
[N e]3s1 [N e]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
The first ionisation energy of magnesium is smaller as compared to that of
elements X and Y , but higher than that of Z . The elements X , Y and Z ,
respectively, are
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. chlorine, lithium and sodium

B. argon, lithium and sodium

C. argon, chlorine and sodium

D. neon, sodium and chlorine

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The order of first ionisation energy of 3 nd period is as follows
Na < Al < Mg < Si < S < P < Cl < Ar
On moving along a period from left to right, nuclear charge increases that outweighs the shielding effect. As a result,
outermost electrons are held more tightly. Hence, ionisation enthalpy increases.
Ionisation enthalpy of group 2 is greater than group 13 and that of group 15 is greater than group 16. This is due to
fully filled and half-filled orbital.
∴X , Y and Z are argon, chlorine and sodium respectively.

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Question71
Outermost electronic configuration of a group 13 element, E , is 4s2, 4p1. The
electronic configuration of an element of p-block period-five placed diagonally to
element, E is :
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. [K r]3d 104s24p2

B. [Ar]3d 104s24p2

C. [X e]5d 106s26p2
10 2 2
D. [K r]4d 5s 5p

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
The element E is Ga and the diagonal element of 5th period is 50Sn having outer electronic configuration will be
[K r]5s24d 105p2.

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Question72
The CORRECT order of first ionisation enthalpy is :
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Mg < S < Al < P

B. Mg < Al < S < P

C. Al < Mg < S < P

D. Mg < Al < P < S

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
The ionic radii of F −and O2− respectively are 1.33 Å and 1.4Å, while the covalent
radius of N is 0.74ÅThe correct statement for the ionic radius of N 3−from the
following is :
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. It is smaller than F −and N

B. It is bigger than O2− and F −

C. It is bigger than F −and N , but smaller than of O2−

D. It is smaller than O2− and F −, but bigger than of N

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
F −, O2− and N 3− all are isoelectronic species in which N 3− have least number of protons due to which it's size
increases as least nuclear attraction is experienced by the outer shell electrons.
Size order N 3− > O2− > F −

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Question74
The correct order of ionic radii for the ions, P3−, S2−, Ca2+, K+, Cl−is
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. P3− > S2− > Cl− > K+ > Ca2+

B. Cl− > S2− > P3− > Ca2+ > K+

C. P3− > S2− > Cl− > Ca2+ > K+

D. K+ > Ca2+ > P3− > S2− > Cl−

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The electronic configuration of given ions are as follows:
K19 = 2, 8, 8, 1 K+ = 2, 8, 8
Ca20 = 2, 8, 8, 2 Ca2+ = 2, 8, 8
P15 = 2, 8, 5 P3− = 2, 8, 8
S16 = 2, 8, 6 S2− = 2, 8, 8
Cl17 = 2, 8, 7 Cl− = 2, 8, 8
As the effective nuclear charge increases from P to Ca, the atomic size decreases in the same order.
Order of ionic radii
P3 − > S2 − > Cl− > K+ > Ca2 +
15 16 17 19 20
Therefore, option (a) is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is
labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) Metallic character decreases and non-metallic character increases
on moving from left to right in a period.
Reason (R) It is due to increase in ionisation enthalpy and decrease in electron
gain enthalpy, when one moves from left to right in a period.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from
the options given below.
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. (A) is false but (R) is true.

B. (A) is true but (R) is false

C. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

D. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
On moving from left to right in periodic table, metallic character decreases while non-metallic character increases.
This is due to decrease in ionisation enthalpy and increase in electron gain enthalpy when we move from left to right
in periodic table.
Hence, (A) is true while (R) is false.
Hence, correct option is (b).

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Question76
Identify the element for which electronic configuration in +3 oxidation state is
[Ar] 3d 5.
[1 Sep 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Ru

B. Mn

C. Co

D. Fe

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Iron (Fe) has electronic configuration [Ar]3d 5 in +3 oxidation state.
Electronic configuration of Fe = [Ar]3d6, 4s2
Electronic configuration of Fe3+ = [Ar]3d5.

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Question77
B has a smaller first ionization cnthalpy than Be. Consider the following
statements:
(I) it is casier to remove 2p electron than 2s electron
(II) 2p electron of B is more shielded from the nucleus by the inner core of
electrons than the 2s electrons of Be
(III) 2s electron has more penetration power than 2p electron (IV) atomic radius
of B is more than Be (atomic number B = 5, Bc = 4 )
The correct statements are:
[Jan. 09,2020 (I)]
Options:

A. (I), (II) and (IV)

B. (II), (III) and (IV)

C. (I), (II) and (III)

D. (I), (III) and (IV)

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
B 1s22s22p1
5 :

4
Be : 1s22s2
First ionisation enthalpy of B is lower than Be because Be has a stable electronic configuration. It required more
energy to remove the first electron from 2s( in Be ) than 2p (in B) because 2se− has more penetration power than 2p.
Therefore options (I), (II) and (III) are correct. Atomic radius of B is less than Be.

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Question78
The acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides, respectively, are:
[Jan. 09,2020 (I)]
Options:

A. N a2O, SO3, A2O3

B. Cl 2O, CaO, P4O10

C. N 2O3, Li2O, Al 2O3

D. M gO, Cl 2O, Al 2O3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Generally, non-metal oxides are acidic in nature and metal oxides are basic in nature, Al 2O3 is amphoteric.

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Question79
−1
The first and second ionisation enthalpies of a metal are 496 and 4560kJ mol ,
respectively. How many moles of H Cl and H 2SO4, respectively, will be needed to
react completely with 1 mole of the metal hydroxide?
[NV, Jan. 09,2020(II)]
Options:

A. 1 and 1

B. 2 and 0.5
C. 1 and 2

D. 1 and 0.5

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
A large difference between first and second ionisation enthalpies (4560 − 496 − 4064kJ mol −1) confirms the metal to be
an alkali metal and thus is monovalent and form hydroxide of the type M (OH )
M OH + H Cl → M Cl + H 2O
1 mol 1 mol
2M OH + H 2SO4 → M 2SO4 + H 2O
1 mol 1 ∕ 2 mol

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Question80
The first ionization energy (in kJ ∕ mol ) of N a, M g, Al and Si respectively, are:
[Jan. 08,2020(I)]
Options:

A. 496, 737, 577, 786

B. 496, 577, 737, 786

C. 786, 737, 577, 496

D. 496, 577, 786, 737

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
All given elements belongs to period III and generally their ionisation energy will increase along the period but Mg will
show higher ionisation potential compared to Al due to its stable configuration. Thus correct order of ionisation energy
will be: N a < Al < M g < Si.
Ionisation energy (kJ ∕ mol ) of the given metals are
N a : 496; Al : 577; M g : 737; Si : 786

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Question81
The increasing order of the atomic radii of the following elements is:
(i) C
(ii) O
(iii) F
(iv) Cl
(v) Br
[Jan. 08,2020 (II)]
Options:

A. (ii) <( iii ) < (iv) < (i) < (v)

B. (iv) <( iii ) < ( ii ) < (i) < (v)

C. (iii) <(ii) < (i) < (iv) < (v)

D. (i) < (ii) < (iii) < (iv) < (v)

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

Correct increasing order of atomic radii is

F < O < C < Cl < Br

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Question82
The electron gain enthalpy (in kJ ∕ mol ) of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and
iodine, respectively, are:
[Jan. 07,2020 (I)]
Options:

A. −296, −325, −333 and −349

B. −349, −333, −325 and −296

C. −333, −349, −325 and −296

D. −333, −325, −349 and −296

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Chlorine has highest electron gain enthalpy (most negative) among the given elements, the electron gain enthalpy
decreases down the group i.e., moves to least negative.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
Within each pair of elements F & Cl , S & Se, and Li & N a, respectively, the
elements that release more cnergy upon an electron gain are:
[Jan. 07, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. Cl , Se and N a

B. Cl , S and Li

C. F , S and Li

D. F , Se and N a

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Down the group electron affinity decrease due to increasing size. So, the electron affinity of S> Se and Li> Na so
energy release will also be more. But in case of F and Cl , there is exception, Cl > F . It is due to the small size of F
atom where the incoming electron face high electron-electron repulsion. So, the energy release will be more in Cl .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
The atomic number of Unnilunium is ________.
[NV,Sep. 06,2020(II)]

Answer: 101

Solution:

Solution:
IUPAC symbol = Unu
Atomic no. (Z ) = 101

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Question85
The atomic number of the element unnilennium is:
[Sep. 03,2020 (I)]
Options:
A. 109

B. 102

C. 108

D. 119

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
un = 1
nil = 0
enn = 9
So, atomic number = 109

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Question86
The set that contains atomic numbers of only transition elements, is :
[Sep. 06,2020(I)]
Options:

A. 37, 42, 50, 64

B. 21, 25, 42, 72

C. 9, 17, 34, 38

D. 21, 32, 53, 64

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Elements with atomic number 21, 25, 42 and 72 belongs to transition metals.

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Question87
The correct order of the ionic radii of O2−, N 3−, F −, M g2+, N a+ and Al 3+ is :
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. N 3− < O2− < F − < N a+ < M g2+ < Al 3+

B. Al 3+ < N a+ < M g2+ < O2− < F − < N 3−

C. Al 3+ < M g2+ < N a+ < F − < O2− < N 3−

D. N 3− < F − < O2− < M g2+ < N a+ < Al 3+

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
All are isoelectronic species, so more is the Z eff less will be the ionic size.
∴ Correct order of ionic radii is
Al 3+ < M g2+ < N a+ < F − < O2− < N 3−

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Question88
The elements with atomic numbers 101 and 104 belong to, respectively:
[Sep .04,2020(I)]
Options:

A. Group 11 and Group 4

B. Actinoids and Group 6

C. Actinoids and Group 4

D. Group 6 and Actinoids

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
89AC ⟶ 103Lr
Belongs to actinoids series and they all belongs to 3 id group. So atomic no. 101 element is actinoids and atomic
number 104 element belongs to 4 th group.

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Question89
The process that is NOT endothermic in nature is:
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. Ar(g) + e− → Ar− (g)

B. H (g) + e− → H −(g)

C. O−(g) + e− → O2− (g)

D. N a(g) → N a+(g) + e−

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Ar(g) + e− ⟶ Ar− (g) (endothermic)
H (g) + e− ⟶ H − (g) (exothermic)
N a(g) ⟶ N a+(g) + e− (endothermic)
O−(g) + e− ⟶ O2−(g) (endothermic)
- Electron gaining enthalpy (EGE) of H ( g ) is negative while that of Ar(g) is positive due to ns2np6 configuration.
- Second EGE is always positive for an atom.
- Ionization potential of an atom is positive.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
The ionic radii of O2−, F −, N a+ and M g2+ are in the order:
[Sep. 04,2020(I)]
Options:

A. F − > O2−> > N a+ > M g2+

B. O2−>F −>N a+ > M g2+

C. M g2+ > N a+ > F − > O2

D. O2− > F − > M g2+ > N a+

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:

In isoelectronic species greater is Z effe. smaller is radius so order is O2− > F − > N a+ > M g2+.

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Question91
Among the statements (I - IV), the correct ones are:
(I) Be has smaller atomic radius compared to M g.
(II) Be has higher ionization enthalpy than Al .
(III) Charge\/radius ratio of Be is greater than that of Al.
(IV) Both Be and Al form mainly covalent compounds.
[Sep. 03,2020 (II)]
Options:

A. (I), (II) and (IV)

B. (I), (III) and (IV)

C. (II),(III) and(IV)

D. (I), (II) and (III)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Charge/ radius ratio of Be and Al is same because of diagonal relationship. Remaining statements are correct.

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Question92
The five successive ionization enthalpies of an element are 800, 2427, 3658, 25024
−1
and 32824kJ mol . The number of valence electrons in the clement is:
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 5

B. 4

C. 3

D. 2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
As difference in 3 id and 4 th ionisation energies is high so atom contains 3 valence electrons.

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Question93
In general, the property (magnitudes only) that shows an opposite trend in
comparison to other properties across a period is:
[Sep .02,2020(1)]
Options:

A. lonization enthalpy

B. Electronegativity

C. Electron gain enthalpy

D. Atomic radius

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
On moving left to right along a period in the periodic table atomic radius decreases while electronegativity, electron
gain enthalpy and ionisation enthalpy increases, along a period.

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Question94
nd
Three elements X , Y and Z are in the 3 period of the periodic table. The
oxides of X , Y and Z , respectively, arc basic, amphoteric and acidic. The correct
order of the atomic numbers of X, Yand Zis :
[Sep. 02,2020(II)]
Options:

A. Z < Y < X

B. X < Y < Z

C. X < Z < Y

D. Y < X < Z

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
On moving left to right in a period, the acidic character of oxides increases. 3 nd period element oxides.
Acidic character ∝ Atomic No.
So, X have minimum atomic number while Z have maximum atomic number.
Thus, the correct order of the atomic number is
X <Y <Z

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Question95
The element with Z = 120 (not yet discovered) will be an\/a:
[Jan. 12,2019 (I)]
Options:

A. Inner-transition metal

B. Alkalineearth metal

C. Alkalimetal

D. Transition metal

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Elements with Z = 120 will belong to alkaline earth metals.
Its electronic con figuration may be represented as [Og] 8s2

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Question96
The correct order of the atomic radii of C, Cs, Al , and S is:
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. C < S < A∣ < Cs

B. S < C < Cs < Al

C. S < C < Al < Cs

D. C < S < Cs < Al

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
On going down the group, size increases while going from left to right in a period size decreases, so order is
C < S < A∣ < CCs

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Question97
The correct option with respect to the Pauling electronegativity values of the
elements is:
[Jan. 11,2019 (II)]
Options:

A. T e > Se

B. Ga < Ge

C. Si < Al

D. P > S

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Correct order of electronegativity values of the elements is
Si > Al ; S > P; Se > T e; Ge > Ga

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Question98
st
The 71 electron of an element X with an atomic number of 71 enters into the
orbital:
[Jan.10,2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 6p

B. 4f

C. 5d

D. 65

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
2 14 1
71X = [X e]6s 4f 5d
∴ Orbital occupied by last e− is 5d .

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Question99
In general, the properties that decrease and increase down a group in the
periodic table, respectively, are:
[Jan. 9,2019(I)]
Options:
A. atomic radius and electronegativity.

B. electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity.

C. electronegativity and atomic radius.

D. electronegativity and electron gain enthalpy.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Generally, electronegativity decreases down the group as the size increases. This can also be formulated as:
1
Electronegativity ∝
size

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Question100
When the first electron gain enthalpy (∆eg H ) of oxygen is −141kJ ∕ mol , its
second electron gain enthalpy is:
[Jan. 09,2019(II)]
Options:

A. a more negative value than the first

B. almost the same as that of the first

C. negative, but less negative than the first

D. a positive value

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The second electron gain enthalpy of oxygen is positive as energy has to be added for the addition of another
electron.

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Question101
The group number, number of valence electrons, and valency of an element with
atomic number 15 , respectively, are:
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 16,5 and 2
B. 15,5 and 3

C. 16,6 and 3

D. 15,6 and 2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Phosphorus has atomic number 15. Its group number is 15, number of valence electrons is 5 and valency is 3.

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Question102
The IUPAC symbol for the element with atomic number 119 would be :
[April 8, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. uue

B. une

C. unh

D. uun

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Symbol for 1 is u and for 9 is e.
∴ IUPAC symbol for 119 is uue.

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Question103
In comparison to boron, berylium has:
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. lesser nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy.

B. greater nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy.

C. greater nulear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy.

D. lesser nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Nuclear charge : B > Be
Be = 1s22s2 (more stable)
B = 1s22s22p1
∴ Ionisation energy of Be is greater than B due to ns2 outer electronic configuration.

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Question104
The element having greatest difference between its first and second ionization
energies, is:
[April 9,2019(I)]
Options:

A. Ca

B. Sc

C. Ba

D. K

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Alkali metals have high difference in first and second ionisation energy as they achieve stable noble gas
configuration after first ionisation.

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Question105
The correct order of electron affinity is:
[Online April 15, 2018 (II)]
Options:

A. O > F > Cl

B. F > O > Cl

C. F > Cl > O

D. Cl > F > O

Answer: D
Solution:

Solution:
On moving from left to right across a period, the electron affinity becomes more negative. On moving from top to
bottom in a group, the electron affinity becomes less negative. Chlorine has exceptionally more negative electron
affinity than fluorine, because adding an electron to fluorine ( 2p orbital) causes greater repulsion than adding an
electron to chlorine ( 3p orbital) which is larger in size.

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Question106
For N a+, M g2+, F − and O2−; the correct order of increasing Ionic radii is :
[Online April 15, 2018(I)]
Options:

A. O2− < F − < N a+ < M g2+

B. N a+ < M g2+ < F − < O2−

C. M g2+ < N a+ < F − < O2

D. M g2+ < O2− < N a+ < F

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
All species are isoelectronic (10e-).
In isoelectronic series, when negative charge increases the radius of ion increases.
∴M g2 + < N a+ < F − < O2

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Question107
Both lithium and magnesium display several similar properties due to the
diagonal relationship; however, the one which is incorrect is :
[2017]
Options:

A. Both form basic carbonates

B. Both form soluble bicarbonates

C. Both form nitrides

D. Nitrates of both Li and M g yield N O2 and O2 on heating

Answer: A
Solution:
Solution:
Mg can form basic carbonate
3M gCO3 ⋅ M g(OH )2.3H 2O↓
While Li can form only carbonate (Li2CO3), not basic carbonate.

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Question108
The group having isoelectronic species is :
[2017]
Options:

A. O2−, F −, N a+, M g2+

B. O, F −, N a, M g+

C. O2−, F −, N a, M g2+

D. O−, F −, N a+, M g2+

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Isoelectronic species have same no. of electrons.
Ions ⇒
O2− - 8 + 2
F− - 9+1
N a+ - 11 − 1
M g2+ - 12 − 2
−
No. of e ⇒µ
10 - O2−,
10 - F −,
10 - N a+,
10 - M g2+
Thereforeare isoelectronic.

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Question109
Consider the following ionization enthalpies of two elements 'A' and 'B'.

[Online April 8, 2017|

Options:

A. Both 'A' and 'B' belong to group- 1 where ' B ' comes below 'A:

B. Both 'A' and 'B' belong to group- 1 where 'A' comes below 'B'.

C. Both 'A' and 'B' belong to group- 2 where ' B ' comes below 'A?

D. Both 'A' and ' B ' belong to group- 2 where 'A' comes below 'B'.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Generally, the ionization enthalpies or energy increases from left to right in a period and decreases from top to
bottom in a group. Several factor such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, shielding effect are responsible for change
of ionization enthalpies. Here, Ist ionization enthalpy of A and B is greater than group I (Li 520kJ mol −1 to Cs
374kJ mol −1 ), which means element A and B belong to group −2 and all three given ionization enthalpy values are
less for element B means B will come below A.

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Question110
The electronic configuration with the highest ionization enthalpy is:
[Online April 9, 2017]
Options:

A. [Ne] 3s23p′

B. [Ne] 3s23p2

C. [Ne] 3s23p3

D. [Ar]3d 104s24p3

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
The smaller the atomic size, larger is the value of IP. Further the atoms having half filled or fully filled orbitals are
comparatively more stable, hence more energy is required to remove the electron from such atoms.

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Question111
Which of the following atoms has the highest first ionization energy?
[2016]
Options:

A. K

B. Sc

C. Rb

D. N a

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Alkali metals have the lowest ionization energy in each period, on the other hand Sc is a d - block element. Transition
metals have smaller atomic radii and higher nuclear charge leading to high ionisation energy.

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Question112
The following statements concern elements in the periodic table. Which of the
following is true?
[Online April 10,2016]
Options:

A. For Group 15 clements, the stability of +5 oxidation state increases down the group

B. Elements of Group 16 have lower ionization enthalpy values compared to those of Group 15 in the
corresponding periods.

C. The Group 13 elements are all metals

D. All the elements in Group 17 are gases.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Due to extra stable half-filled p -orbital electronic configurations of Group 15 elements, larger amount of energy is
required to remove electrons compared to Group 16 elements.
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Question113
The ionic radii (in Å ) of N 3−, O2− and F − are respectively:
[2015]
Options:

A. 1.71, 1.40 and 1.36

B. 1.71, 1.36 and 1.40

C. 1.36, 1.40 and 1.71

D. 1.36, 1.71 and 1.40

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
For isoelectronic species, size of anion increases as negative charge increases. Thus the correct order is (a).

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Question114
In the long form of the periodic table, the valence shell electronic configuration
of 5s25p4 corresponds to the element present in:
[Online April 10, 2015]
Options:

A. Group 16 and period 6

B. Group 17 and period 6

C. Group 16 and period 5

D. Group 17 and period 5

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Tellurium (Te) has 5s25p4 valence shell configuration. It belongs to group 16 and present in period 5 of the periodic
table.

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Question115
Similarity in chemical properties of the atoms of elements in a group of the
periodic table is most closely related to:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A. atomic numbers

B. atomic masses

C. number of principal energy levels

D. number of valence electrons

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
If elements are arranged in order of their increasing atomic numbers, element coming at intervals of 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32
and 32 will have similar physical and chemical

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Question116
Which of the following series correctly represents relations between the elements
from X to Y ?

X →Y
[Online April 11,2014]
Options:

A. 3Li → 19K Ionization enthalpy increases

B. 9F → 35Br Electron gain enthalpy (negative sign) increases

C. 6C → 32Ge Atomic radii increases

D. 18Ar → 54X e Noble character increases

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
On moving down in a group atomic radii increases.

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Question117
Which of the following arrangements represents the increasing order (smallest to
−
largest) of ionic radii of the given species O2−, S2−, N 3−, P3 ?
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:
2
A. O2 < N 3− < S2− < P3

B. O2− < P3− < N 3 < S2

3−
C. N < O 2 − < P3 − < S2 −

D. N 3− < S2− < O2− < P3−

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
For isoelectronic species ionic radii decreases as the charge on ion decreases. Further on moving down in a group
ionic radii increases. Hence the correct order is O2
<N 3− < S2− < P3

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Question118
Which one of the following has largest ionic radius?
[Online April 19,2014]
Options:

A. Li+

B. O22−

C. B3+

D. F −

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The ionic radii of elements exhibit the same trend as the atomic radii. The atomic size generally decreases across a
period for the elements of the second period. It is because, within the period, the outer electrons are in the same
valence shell and the effective nuclear charge increases as the atomic number increases resulting in the increased
attraction of electrons to the nucleus. The size of an anion will be larger than that of the parent atom because the
addition of one or more electrons would result in increased repulsion among the electrons and a decrease in effective
nuclear charge.
In given question option A and C are cations in the second period. So they will have less ionic radius than that of the
anions o same period. oxygen falls left to the Fluorine and also has one extra negative charge (O2−2) than Fluorine
ion (F −)

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Question119
Which of the following represents the correct order of increasing first ionization
enthalpy for Ca, Ba, S, Se and Ar ?
[2013]
Options:

A. Ca < S < Ba < Se < Ar

B. SSe < Ca < Ba < Ar

C. Ba < Ca < Se < S < Ar

D. Ca < Ba < S < Se < Ar

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
On moving down a group size increases, hence ionisation enthalpy decreases. Hence Se < S and Ba < Ca.
Further, Ar being an inert gas has maximum IE.

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Question120
The order of increasing sizes of atomic radii among the elements O, S, Se and As
is:
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. As < S < O < Se

B. Se < S < As < O

C. O < S < As < Se

D. O < S < Se < As

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
On moving down in a group atomic radii increases due to successive addition of extra shell hence, order is
O < S < Se
Further, As is in group 15 having one less electron in its p orbital compared to group 16 , hence as has higher atomic
radii than group 16 elements.
i.e., O < S < Se < As

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Question121
Which is the correct order of second ionization potential of C, N , O and F in the
following?
[Online May 26, 2012; April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. O > N > F > C

B. O > F > N > C

C. F > O > N > C

D. C > N ≥ O > F

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
The second ionization potential means removal of electron from cation
C+ = 1s22s22p1; N + = 1s22s22p2
O+ = 1s22s22p3; F + = 1s22s22p4
Therefore, the correct order is
O>F >N >C

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Question122
The electron affinity of chlorine is 3.7eV .1 gram of chlorine is completely
−1
converted to Cl − ion in a gaseous state. (1eV = 23.06kcal mol ) Energy released
in the process is
[Online May 7,2012]
Options:

A. 4.8kcal

B. 7.2kcal

C. 8.2k cal

D. 2.4kcal

Answer: D
Solution:

Solution:
1
Number of moles of chlorine = mol
35.5
Given, 1eV = 23.06kcal mo ]−1
3.7eV = 3.7 × 23.06kcal mol −1
i.e. 1 mole of chlorine releases energy
= 3.7 × 23.06kcal
1
∴ mole of chlorine will release energy
35.5
1
= × 3.7 × 23.06kcal = 2.4kcal
35.5

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Question123
Which among the following elements has the highest first ionization enthalpy?
[Online May 12, 2012]
Options:

A. Nitrogen

B. Boron

C. Carbon

D. Oxygen

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Due to stable 2s22p3 configuration (half filled p -orbital). Nitrogen atom has highest energy.

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Question124
The correct order of electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of F , Cl , Br and
I , having atomic numbers 9, 17, 35 and 53 respectively, is:
[2011RS]
Options:

A. F > Cl > Br > I

B. Cl > F > Br > I

C. Br > Cl > I > F

D. I > Br > Cl > F

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
As we move down in a group, electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative because the size of the atom increases
and the distance of added electron from the nucleus increases. Negative electron gain enthalpy of F is less than Cl .
This is due to the fact that when an electron is added to F , the added electron goes to the smaller n = 2 energy level
and experiences significant repulsion from the other electrons present in this level. In Cl, the electron goes to the
larger n = 3 energy level and consequently occupies a larger region of space leading to much less electron-electron
repulsion. So the correct order is
Cl > F > Br > I

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Question125
The correct sequence which shows decreasing order of the ionic radii of the
elements is
[2010]
Options:

A. Al 3+ > M g2+ > N a+ > F − > O2−

B. N a+ > M g2+ > Al 3+ > O2− > F

C. N a+ > F − > M g2+ > O2− > Al 3+

D. O2− > F − > N a+ > M g2+ > Al 3+

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
All the given species contains 10e− each i.e. isoelectronic. For isoelectronic species anion having high negative
charge is largest in size and the cation having high positive charge is smallest.

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Question126
In which of the following arrangements, the sequence is not strictly according to
the property written against it?
[2008, Online May 7,2012 ]
Options:

A. CO2 < SiO2 < SnO2 < PbO2 : increasing oxidising power

B. N H 3 < PH 3 < AsH 3 < SbH 3 : increasing basic strength

C. H F < H Cl < H Br < H I : increasing acid strength

D. B < C < O < N : increasing first ionisation enthalpy.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Correct order of increasing basic strength is
N H 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3

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Question127
Following statements regarding the periodic trends of chemical reactivityofalkali
metals and halogens are given. Which of these statements gives the correct
picture?
[2006]
Options:

A. Chemical reactivity increases with increase in atomic number down the group in both the alkali
metals and halogens

B. In alkali metals the reactivity increases but in the halogens it decreases with increase in atomic
number down the group

C. The reactivity decreases in the alkali metals but increases in the halogens with increase in atomic
number down the group

D. In both, alkalimetals and halogens chemical reactivity decreases with increase in atomicnumber
down the group

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The alkali metals are highlyreactive because their first ionisation potential is very low and hence they have great
tendency to give up electron to form unipositive ion. Note: On moving down in group I from Li to C s, ionisation
enthalpy decreases hence the reactivity increases. The halogens are most reactive elements due to their low bond
dissociation energy, high electron affinity and high enthalpy of hydration of halide ion. However, their reactivity
decreases with increase in atomic number.

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Question128
The increasing order of the first ionization enthalpies of the elements B, P, S and
F (Lowest first) is
[2006]
Options:
A. B ≤ P < S ≤ F

B. B ≤ S < P < F

C. F < S ≤ P < B

D. P < S < B < F

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The correct order of ionisation enthalpies is
F >P>S>B
Note: On moving along a period ionization enthalapy increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom in
a group. But this trend breaks up in case of such element having fully or half filled stable orbitals.
In this case, P has a stable half filled electronic configuration, hence its ionisation enthalapy is greater in comparision
to S. Therefore the correct order is
B<S<P<F

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Question129
Which of the following oxides is amphoteric in character?
[2005]
Options:

A. SnO2

B. SiO2

C. CO2

D. CaO

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
CaO is basic as it formsstrong base Ca(OH )2 on reaction with water.
CaO + H 2O ⟶ Ca(OH )2
CO2 is acidic as it dissolves in water forming unstable carbonic acid.
H 2O + CO2 ⟶ H 2CO3
Silica ( SiO2 ) is insoluble in water and acts as a very weak acid.
SnO2 is amphoteric as it reacts with both acid and base.
SnO2 + 2H 2SO4 ⟶ Sn(SO4)2 + 2H 2O
SnO2 + 2K OH ⟶ K 2SnO3 + H 2O

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Question130
In which of the following arrangements, the order is NOT according to the
property indicated against it?
[2005]
Options:

A. L < N a < K < Rb :

Increasing metallic radius

B. I < Br < F < Cl :

Increasing electron gain enthalpy (with negative sign)

C. B < C < N < 0

Increasing first ionization enthalpy

D. Al 3+ < M g2+ < N a+ < F −

Increasing ionic size

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
In a period the value of ionisation potential increases from left to right with breaks where the atoms have somewhat
stable configuration. In the given list Nhas halffilled stable orbitals. Hence N has highest ionisation energy. Thus the
correct order is
B<C<O<N
and not as given in option (c)

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Question131
Which one of the following ions has the highest value of ionic radius?
[2004]
Options:

A. O2

B. B3+

C. Li+

D. F −

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
O2− and F − are isoelectronic (10c−). Hence have same number of electron but different number of proton, F − has 9
proton whercas 02− has 8 proton. Therefore F − has greater nuclear charge compared to O2−. So O2− will have greater
ionic radius, i.e. O2− > F −
Further Li+ and B3+ are also isoelectronic (2e−) therefore, no. of proton in Li is 3 and in B is 5 , So,
Li+ > B3 +
Hence, the correct order of atomic size is
O2− > F −>Li+ > B3+
Therefore, O2− has the highest value of ionic radius.

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Question132
Among Al 2O3, SiO2, P2O3 and SO2 the correct order of acid strength is
[2004]
Options:

A. Al 2O3 < SiO2 < SO2 < P2O3

B. SiO2 < SO2 < Al 2O3 < P2O3

C. SO2 < P2O3 < SiO2 < Al 2O3

D. Al 2O3 < SiO2 < P2O3 < SO2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
As the size decreases the basic nature of oxides changes to acidic nature i.c., acidic nature increases.
SO2 > P2O3 > SiO2 > Al 2O3
Acidic Weak acidic Ampboteric
SO2 and P2O3 are acidic as their corresponding acids H 2SO3 and H 3PO3 are strong acids.

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Question133
The formation of the oxide ion 02−(g) requires first an exothermic and then an
endothermic step as shown below
O(g) + e− = O−(g) ∆ H 0 = −142kJ mol −1

O−(g) + e− = O2−(g) ∆ H 0 = 844kJ mol −1

This is because
[2004]
Options:

A. O - ion will tend toresist the addition of another electron

B. Oxygen has high electron affinity

C. Oxygen is more elecronegative

D. O -ion has comparativelylarger size than oxygen atom

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
O ion exerts a force of repulsion on the incoming electron. The energy is required to overcome it.

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Question134
According to the periodic law of elements, the variation in properties of elements
is related to their
[2003]
Options:

A. nuclear masses

B. atomic numbers

C. nuclear neutron-proton number ratios

D. atomic masses

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
According to modern periodic law, the properties of the elements are repeated after certain regular intervals when
these elements are arranged in order of their increasing atomic numbers.

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Question135
Which one of the following is an amphoteric oxide?
[2003]
Options:

A. N a2O

B. SO2

C. B2O3
D. Z nO

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
N a2O (basic), SO2 and B2O3 (acidic) and Z nO is amphoteric.

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