Chapter 5

Energy

Note: - Important Note for Students

Questions are not written in the document.
Please refer to your textbook or worksheet for the corresponding questions.

(VIII) Define the following terms: (Recall)

(i) Work: - Work is said to be done when force applied on an object displaces the object in the direction of the
applied force.

(ii) 1 Joule: - 1 Joule is the amount of work done when a force of 1 newton moves an object through a distance
of 1 meter in the direction of the force.

(iii) Kinetic Energy: - The energy possessed by an object because of its motion is called kinetic energy.

(iv) Potential Energy: - Potential Energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.

(v) Power: - Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

(IX) Answer the following questions in short:

1. A coolie with a luggage on his head and moving on a road does no work against force of gravity as the
direction of motion of the coolie is perpendicular.

2. A bucket full of water kept on second floor has the greater potential energy. This can be explained as
follows: PE = mgh, Mass of both bucket and the gravitational force are same, so the body at greater height will
possess more potential energy.

3. Change of energy from one form to another is very useful as we need different types of energy to run
different machines (to manufacture different things for life,) to use different means of transport and number
of other purposes such running large number of electrical devices.

4. Yes, a body not in motion can possess energy. For example, water stored in the dam though not in motion
possesses potential energy.

(X) Answer the following questions in detail:

1. Refer to text on pages 82–83 (energy transformation on a roller coaster).

2. The potential energy of an object can be derived from the work done in lifting the object to a certain height.
The work done in lifting an object is equal to the force applied to the object multiplied by the distance through
which the object is lifted.
W = Fd
Where: W is the work done in joules (J) F is the force applied in newtons (N)
d is the distance through which the object is lifted in metres (m)
If the force applied to the object is equal to the weight of the object, then the work done in lifting the object is
equal to the potential energy of the object.
 W = Fd = mgd
Where:
• PE is the potential energy in joules (J)
• m is the mass of the object in kilograms (kg)
• g is the acceleration due to gravity in meters per second squared (m/s²)
• d is the distance through which the object is lifted in metres (m)

3. Following are the ways of reducing the consumption of energy:

(a) Use of renewable sources of energy should be preferred.

(b) Highly efficient electrical and electronic devices such as LED bulbs, LED TVs, etc. should be used.
(c) Switch off the electrical appliances when not required.
(d) Vehicles should be switched off at red-lights to save fuel.

(XI) Differentiate between the following: (Recall)

1. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by the body due to its motion whereas potential energy is the energy
possessed by the body due to its position or state (configuration).

2. Refer to Table 5.2 on page 85.

3. Refer to Table 5.1 on page 84.

HOTS And Critical Thinking:

1. (a) Work is done because Suma applies force to move through the water, causing displacement.

(b) Work is done as the windmill applies force to lift the water, causing displacement against gravity.

(c) No work is done because although the plant is undergoing a chemical process, there is no displacement
involved.

(d) Work is done as the engine applies force to move the train, causing displacement.

(e) No work is done because the sun’s heat is simply causing the water to evaporate, no force is being applied
to cause displacement.

(f) Work is done because the wind applies force to the sail, causing the boat to move.

2. (a) When a battery lights a bulb, the energy transformation involved is the conversion of chemical energy
stored in the battery into electrical energy, which then flows through the bulb’s filament, causing it to heat up
and produce light energy along with some heat energy as a by-product.

Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Light Energy + Heat Energy

(b) When riding a bicycle, the primary energy transformation is the conversion of muscular energy from your
pedalling into kinetic energy that propels the bicycle forward. However, a portion of this muscular energy is
also converted into heat energy due to friction with the road and within your body.
3. (a) A horse has more kinetic energy than a dog. Kinetic energy of a body depends on mass and speed of the
body. Since both dog and horse have same speed but mass of horse is more than that of dog so horse has
more kinetic energy than a dog.

(b) A hammer drives a nail into wood only when lifted and struck because when raised, it gains potential
energy, which is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact, delivering the force needed to drive the nail
into the wood.

4. Hydroelectric power plants are considered significantly more efficient than fossil fuel power plants, with a
typical efficiency rate around 80–90%, while fossil fuel plants usually operate at much lower efficiencies,
around 30–50% depending on the fuel source. This is primarily because hydroelectric plants directly convert
the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity with minimal energy loss, unlike fossil fuel plants that
require combustion and heat transfer processes to generate power.

5. Refer to Example 3 on pages 78–79.

Diagram-based Questions:

1. (a) Gravitational potential energy of stored water.

(b) Gravitational potential energy to electrical energy.

(c) Advantages of hydroelectric power plant are:

• No pollution
• Large amount of energy can be generated.
• Used water can be utilised for irrigation.

Disadvantages of hydroelectric power plant are:

• A large area is required for its construction.

• It disturbs the ecosystem.
• Cost of construction is high.

2. (a) Work done is zero in figure (P).

(b) Work done is positive in figure (Q).

(c) Work done is negative in figure (R).

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The above Physics Question-Answer Notes
Made Available By: Ursuline Convent English Medium School, Purnea City
Department of Physics
Guided By: Sir Ashish, Sir Adesh Kumar Verma
• H.O.D. Physics: - Sir Ravi
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