Chapter 1:
Introduction
Practical Research 1
Introduction
• The first part of the research paper.
• Describes the area of interest that the study
intends to investigate.
• It explores the breadth, width, and depth of the
area of interest to problematize it or identify the
concerns to be addressed.
Introduction
• This is the initial mention of the problem of the
study while implying its social value or benefits that
the society will get from the study.
Parts of Chapter 1
This chapter introduces your study.
Background of the study
• The Background of the Study sets the stage for your
research. It gives readers a clear picture of the
topic, its context, and why it's worth exploring.
What it does
• Introduces the topic in a way that is easy to
understand, even for someone unfamiliar with it.
• Explains the current situation or condition related
to your topic.
• Shows what is already known from other studies
or sources.
• Points out a gap or something missing in what we
know.
What it does
• Leads to your research problem and why your
study is needed.
Writing the background of the study
• Start broad (give general information) and then
narrow it down to your specific concern.
• Use real-life examples, news, statistics, or
personal stories to show why the topic matters.
• Avoid jumping into your research questions too
early—just give a strong foundation.
Writing the background of the study
• Problem
• State what issue of phenomenon you are
studying.
• Describe the real-world situation
Many students who are categorically Persons with
Disability (PWD) are not afforded well with learning
accommodations at school (Toutain, 2019; Allam & Martin,
2021; Lovett, 2021; RTE, 2023). Even leading Christian
academic institutions do not sacrifice to add more facilities
or services for physically challenged students, and this has
been the “state of accommodation with students with
learning disabilities at Catholic high schools in the United
States” (Zubi, 2020, p. 1).
This lack of adequate support not only hinders the
academic progress of students with disabilities but also
perpetuates a broader issue of inclusivity and accessibility
within educational institutions, reflecting a pressing need for
systemic change in the way schools address the diverse
needs of their student populations.
Writing the background of the study
• Known
• Briefly cite what previous research says about
this topic.
• Show that you understand the topic’s scholarly
background.
People with disabilities are more likely to have
negative socioeconomic results such as less schooling,
poorer health outcomes, fewer levels of employment, and
higher poverty rates (The World Bank, 2023). Blind people
are the most common and are categorically considered
the poorest and the most disadvantages in the
community (Yap, et. Al., 2009)
Writing the background of the study
• Unknown
• Point out what is missing in the current
knowledge.
• The research gap
• Use phrases like “however,” “little is known
about…” or “few studies have explored…”
A significant research gap lies in the lack of specific
legal frameworks and policy guidelines for
accommodating blind students in private schools,
particularly within faith-based institutions (Darling-
Hammond & Brint, 2008). This gap was identified through
a literature review (Creswell, 2009).
Writing the background of the study
• Purpose
• State what you intend to do.
• Use qualitative verbs like explore, understand,
describe.
• Introduce your study’s approach.
Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine
what accommodations blind students receive in a faith-
based school.
Statement of the Problem
• General statement of the whole problem followed
buy the subproblems intro which the general
problem is broken up.
This study is focused on the challenges of selected Asian
teachers who conducted online teaching during the school
year 2021-2022. The study focused to explore on the
following research problems:
1. What are the challenges of selected Asian
Elementary Teachers in conducting online teaching during
time of COVID-19 pandemic?
2. How do selected Asian Elementary Teachers cope
with the challenges in conducting online teaching?
3. What are the similarities and differences in the
challenges and coping of the selected Asian Elementary
teachers considering the country where they teach?
To explore the lived experiences of caregivers and their
coping strategies as they care for their loved ones who are
diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease. Specifically, the
study will attempt to answer the following:
1. How do caregivers describe their lived experiences
while caring for family members with End Stage Renal
Disease?
2. How does caring for family members with End Stage
Renal Disease affect caregivers’ life?
3. How do caregivers cope with the challenges of
caring for family members with End Stage Renal Disease?
Significance of the Study
• This explains the important implications or
contributions of the study to the different sectors.
• Explains who will benefit and how.
• Discusses contributions to theory, practice, policy,
or future research.
This study on the accommodation of blind students in
faith-based school has significant value to the following
entities:
Blind Students
The findings of this study can benefit the subject and
future blind students. Improving their support system by
pinpointing areas for enhancement, and its wider impact
could create a more inclusive and accessible campus for
future blind students through optimized onboarding
programs and improve accessibility measures. This ripple
effect, driven by the student’s own experience, can lead to
a more welcoming and supportive environment for all.
This study on the accommodation of blind students in
faith-based school has significant value to the following
entities:
Educational Institutions
(How and why is the study beneficial for them?)
Special Needs Educator
(How and why is the study beneficial for them?)
Family of Blind Students
(How and why is the study beneficial for them?)
This study on the accommodation of blind students in
faith-based school has significant value to the following
entities:
The researcher
(How and why is the study beneficial for them?)
Research
(How and why is the study beneficial for them?)
Scope and Limitations
• The parameters or boundaries of the research
established by factors or people other than the
research.
• It is the way to indicate to the reader how the scope
of the study was narrowed down.
• The weaknesses of the study beyond which the
researcher has no control.
Scope and Limitations
• This includes:
• The locale of the study, where the data was
gathered or the entity to which the data belong.
• The population from which the respondents
were selected. This must be large enough to
make the generalizations significant.
Scope and Limitations
• This includes:
• The period of the study. This is the time, either in
months or years, during which the data were
gathered.
Scope and Limitations
• Example
• The study will involve 10 mothers with children with
special needs residing in the slum areas in Manila City.
Specifically, it focuses on their lived experiences as
mothers with children with special needs. The study
will employ the use of in-depth interview as method in
data gathering. The amount of time for exposure in the
natural setting is limited so as not to disturb the daily
activities of the mothers, particularly their time with
their child with special needs.
Limitation vs. Delimitation
• Limitations are weaknesses or shortcomings in the
research design, methodology, or data collection
that the researcher cannot control.
• Delimitations are choices made by the researcher
to define the specific scope and boundaries of the
study.
Definition of Terms
• Provides clear definitions for key terms, concepts,
or jargon.
• Ensures the reader understands how terms are
used in your study.
Definition of Terms
• Can be defined in two ways:
• Theoretical definition. Describes the terms
according to how they mean based on what the
commonly accepted understanding found in
encyclopedia, dictionary, and other studies.
Definition of Terms
• Can be defined in two ways:
• Operational definition. Describes the terms
based on how they are used in the study
Definition of Terms
• What terms should you include?
• Include only the critical terms to better
appreciate the study.
• Terms that can be found in the title, statement of
the problem, literature review, methodology.
Definition of Terms
• Example
• Children with special needs. This refer to the
children with disability of mothers who live in the
slum areas in Manila City.
Wrapping up
• Background of the Study – Context and
importance of your topic.
• Statement of the problem – The issue or gap you
are addressing followed by the questions guiding
your study.
• Significance of the study – Who will benefit and
how.
Wrapping up
• Scope and Limitations – Boundaries of your study.
• Definition of Terms – Meaning of key terms.
It your time to write!
Have fun!