GEEng 1 | PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Robles, A .

​ COMMUNICATION​ ​ IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATIONS

Communication ●​ Communication helps build good relationships

●​ It is a process of exchanging and acting on with others and having a social support
information between two or more people. system (supportive and family members) can
●​ The process involved an exchange of verbal help make a difference in a person’s overall
and/or nonverbal messages within a continuous health and quality of life.
dynamic sequence of events. ●​ Learning how to enrich the quality of
●​ The process of generating messages by sending communication with others can make life
and receiving symbolic cues as influenced by more enjoyable and enhance overall
multiple contexts. well-being.
●​ The process of transmitting and sending of
information, knowledge. Ideas through speaking,
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
writing, using pictures, using nonverbal
language to a person or a large number of (Verderber & Verderber, 2005)
audience (Oxford Dictionary)
●​ A process by which information is exchanged 1.​ We communicate to meet our social needs.
between individuals through common system of 2.​ We communicate to enhance and maintain
symbols, signs, behavior. (Meriam-Webster our sense of self.
Dictionary) 3.​ We need to develop relationships.
●​ The process of making sense out of the world 4.​ We communicate to exchange information.
and sharing that sense to others by creating 5.​ We communicate to influence others.
meaning through the use of verbal and
nonverbal messages. (Beebe & Ivy, 2013, p. 7)
Six Crucial Characteristics of Communication
●​ Human beings put meaning into what they
begin to interpret what is seen, touched, heard, (Gamble & Gamble, 2005)
smelled, and tasted with sensation, thoughts, ●​ Communication is dynamic.
feelings, and words. ●​ Communication is unrepeatable and
●​ Competence in communication and expertise irreversible.
with the skills are valuable in strengthening and ●​ Communication is affected by culture.
building relationships, in getting employed, and ●​ Communication is influenced by ethics.
maintaining a healthy living. ●​ Communication is competence-based.
●​ Every good and lasting relationship is founded ●​ Communication is being transformed by
on good communication. media and technology.
●​ Understanding the role and function of
communication can help unfold some of the
mysteries of human relationships. Nine Principles of Effective Communication
●​ Family communication is the largest single factor ( Michael Osborn, 2009)
determining the kinds of relationships (we make)
with others. (Satir, 2008)
1.​ CLARITY
Language
-​ It makes speeches understandable.
●​ a set of symbols and signs that human beings
-​ Fuzzy (unclear) language is absolutely
use to communicate.
forbidden, as are jargon, cliché expression,
euphemisms, and doublespeak language.

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2.​ Concreteness FIVE FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
-​ Concreteness reduces misunderstanding.
-​ Messages must be supported by facts 1.​ Intrapersonal
such as research data, statistics, or ●​ Communication with oneself using internal
figures. vocalization or reflective thinking.
-​ Abstract words must be avoided. ●​ Triggered by some internal or external
3.​ COURTESY stimulus.
-​ Build goodwill. ●​ Takes place only inside our heads
-​ It involves being polite in the approach ●​ Self-talk
and manner of addressing an individual. 2.​ INTERPERSONAL
4.​ Correctness ●​ Communication between people who live
-​ Glaring grammar mistakes obscure the mutually to influence one another and
meaning of a sentence. typically occurs in dyads (in pairs).
-​ The misuse of language can damage one’s ●​ It occurs in various contexts
credibility. ●​ Interactive
5.​ Consideration ●​ More structured and influenced by social
-​ Messages must be geared towards the expectations.
audience. 3.​ Group
-​ The sender must consider the recipient’s ●​ Occurs when three or more people
profession, level of education, race, ethnicity, communicate to achieve a shared goal.
hobbies, interests, passions, advocacies, and ●​ More intentional and formal
age when drafting or delivering a message. ●​ Task focused (members of the group work
6.​ Creativity together for explicit purpose or goal)
-​ Having the ability to craft interesting 4.​ Public
messages in terms of sentence structure and ●​ Sender focused communication
word choice. ●​ Occurs when one person conveys
7.​ Conciseness information to an audience.
-​ Simplicity and directness help to be concise. ●​ The MOST consistently intentional,
-​ Avoid using lengthy expressions and words formal,and goal-oriented form of
that may confuse the recipient. communication.
8.​ Cultural Sensitivity 5.​ Mass Communication
-​ Cultural sensitivity becomes an important ●​ Occurs when messages are sent to large
standard for effective communication due to audience using print or electronic media.
the increasing emphasis on empowering ●​ There is no immediate verbal and nonverbal
diverse cultures, lifestyles, and races, and the feedback loop.
pursuit of gender equality.
9.​ Captivating
Elements of Communication Process
-​ One must strive to make messages
interesting to command more attention 1.​ Source or Sender
and better responses. ➔​ Originator of an idea or emotion.
➔​ Person who sends the message in a
communication encounter.
➔​ Forms and transmits messages using
verbal symbols and nonverbal
behavior(s).

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2.​ Messages 6. Channel(s)
➔​ The written, spoken, and unspoken ➔​ The pathway or means through which
communication elements that carry a meaning or messages pass between the source and the
which meaning is assigned. receiver.
➔​ The verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed ➔​ Means on how a message is transmitted.
from the sender to the receiver. ➔​ A sensory route used to transmit messages.
➔​ Verbal utterances and nonverbal behavior(s) that ➔​ In general, messages that use multiple
senders utilize to convey their meanings. channels are more likely to be understood.
➔​ For messages to be understood, the following 7. Context
terms need to be clarified: ➔​ The physical, social, historical, psychological,
(1)​ Meaning and cultural settings or environment in which
(2)​ Symbols communication takes place.
(3)​ Process of encoding and decoding
(4)​ Form or organization.
TYPES OF CONTEXT
​ Meaning
➔​ Combination of ideas and feelings that exist in
the sender’s mind. 1.​ Physical Context
(e.g. opinion, ideas, feeling) It includes:
➔​ In order to share the meanings, they must be ●​ Location
transformed into messages. ●​ Environment conditions (temperature,
​ Symbol lighting, noise level)
➔​ These are words, sounds, and actions that are ●​ Physical distance between the
recognized by others as representatives of communicators.
specific content meaning. ●​ Seating arrangement
➔​ To share meanings, people form messages ●​ Time of day.
which contain verbal and nonverbal symbols. 2.​ Social Context
3. Encoding ●​ Expresses the purpose of the event as well
as the nature of the relationship between
➔​ The translation of ideas, feelings, and thoughts and among the participants.
that have been translated into a code. E.g. family dinner, wedding, business meetings,
➔​ The process of turning thought into etc.
communication.
➔​ Cognitive thinking process of transformation
3.​ Historical Context
ideas and feeling into symbols and organizing
●​ Background provided by previous
them into a message.
communication episodes between the
4. Decoding communicators that influence their
➔​ The interpretation of ideas, feelings, thought that comprehension or understanding in the
have been translated into a code. current encounter.
➔​ The process of turning communication into
4.​ Psychological Context
thoughts.
●​ It includes and encompasses moods and
➔​ The process of transforming messages from
feelings that a person (sender or receiver)
another back into one’s own ideas and feelings.
brings to the conversation.
5. Receiver
➔​ The one who receives the message.
5.​ Cultural Context
➔​ The person who decodes the message being ●​ According to Samovar & Porter (2003),
sent by the sender or the source. cultural context refers to the belief, values,
attitudes. Meanings, social hierarchies,
religion, notion of time, and roles of a group

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that help participants (communicators) form COMMUNICATION PROCESS
and interpret messages.
❖​ Shannon and Weaver Communication Model
6.​ Noise
●​ Any literal or psychological interference with the
clear encoding or decoding of a message.
●​ Anything that interferes with a message being
sent between the sender and the receiver in a
communication encounter.
●​ Any internal or external or semantic stimulus that
interferes and hinders with the sharing of
meaning.

TYPES OF NOISE
A.​ Environmental Noise
●​ Any physical noise present in a communication The Primary Principle of Communication
encounter (e.g. loud sound, people talking in
1.​ Be aware of your communication with
crowded area)
yourself and others.
●​ It interfered with the transmission of the
2.​ Effectively use and interpret verbal
message.
messages.
●​ Sights, sounds, and other stimuli that distract the
3.​ Effectively use and interpret nonverbal
attention causing to draw away from what is
messages.
being said or done.
4.​ Listen and respond thoughtfully to others.
B. Internal Noise 5.​ Appropriately adapt messages to others.
●​ Refers to unrelated thoughts and feelings that
distracts your attention and to draw from what is
being said or done.
C. Semantic Noise Ethics in Communication
●​ Noise that occurs in the encoding and decoding
Ethics
process when the sender and the receiver do
●​ The beliefs, values, and moral principles by
not understand a symbol (e.g. poor signal,
which right and wrong is determined,
language barrier)
❖​ Critical Components of Human Behavior:
●​ Unintended meanings aroused by certain
1.​ Ethics
symbols and behaviors that interferes of distract
2.​ Ethical Behavior
the attention.
●​ Every culture depends on its existence on
●​ E.g. use of ethnic slurs, profanity, and vulgar
norms that order human relationships and
speech.
social institutions (Christian & Traber, 1197),
❖​ Norm(s)
7. Feedback ●​ A principle of right action binding upon the
●​ The verbal and nonverbal responses to a members of a group and serving to guide,
message control, or regulate proper and acceptable
●​ Messages sent in response to other messages. behavior. (Meriam-Webster Dictionary)
●​ It indicates to the sender whether and how that ●​ These universal norms are the beliefs and
message was heard, seen, and understood. behaviors that describe what is normal,
appropriate, or inappropriate.

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Three Universal Cultural Norms
(Christians & Traber, 1997)
1.​ The value of truth,
2.​ Respect for another person’s dignity, and
3.​ The expectation that innocent people should not
harm.
●​ The proponents of universal ethical code
suggest that a universal moral code is an ideal
basis for evaluating right and wrong behavior,
including communication behavior.

“Ethical communication is fundamental to responsible

thinking,decision making, and the development of
relationships and communities within and across
contexts, cultures, channels, and media. Moreover,
ethical communication enhances human worth and
dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility,
personal integrity, and respect for self and others.”
-​ Excerpt (Credo for Communication Ethics, November 1992) developed by the

National Communication Association (USA).

●​ An ethical communication must be sensitive to the needs
of others by giving them the chance to choose instead of
forcing people to behave in a certain way, respect their
privacy, not intentionally decrease their feelings of
self-worth, and be honest in presenting information.