D”P gva¨wgK ● mgvRKg© (wØZxq cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi I cixÿv cÖ¯‘wZ

cÂg Aa¨vq : mvgvwRK AvBb Ges mgvRKg©

1. we‡qi ci A‡bK Avkv K‡i wiwg k¦ïievwo G‡mwQj| al©Y, beRvZK wkï, †hŠZyK cªf…wZ) msÁv wbw`©ó Kiv
Zvi ¯^vgx MvuRv Avi †dbwmwWj e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ| n‡q‡Q| †mBmv‡_ Gi cªavb aviv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q-
cªvqB †m †bkvMª¯Í n‡q iv‡Z G‡m wiwgi Ici fxlY 1. wkïi eqm wba©viY- ms‡kvwaZ AvB‡b wkïi
AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZb Pvjvq| eqmmxgv 14 eQi †_‡K evwo‡q 16 eQi Kiv n‡q‡Q;
K. AvBbvbyhvqx G †`‡ki †g‡q‡`i weev‡ni me©wbgœ 2. `nbKvix c`v_© Øviv msNwUZ Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í- hw`
eqm KZ? †Kv‡bv e¨w³ `nbKvix A_ev welv³ c`v_© w`‡q
L. mvgvwRK AvBb ej‡Z Kx †evS? †Kv‡bv wkï ev bvixi g…Z¨y NUvb ev NUv‡bvi †Póv
M. ¯^vgxi AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZ‡bi Rb¨ mywePvi †c‡Z †h K‡ib Zvn‡j Zvi g…Z¨y`Ð ev hve¾xeb mkªg Kviv`Ð
AvB‡bi mvnvh¨ wiwg MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi Ges AwZwi³ GK j¶ UvKv A_©`Ð n‡e| GQvov
cªavb aviv eY©bv Ki| wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y bvix ev wkïi A½nvwb NU‡j ev
N. wiwgi AZ¨vPvix ¯^vgxi e¨emvi weiæ‡× h_vh_ kvixwiK, gvbwmK ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡j mywbw`©ó
e¨e¯’v MªnY Ki‡Z cª‡hvR¨ AvB‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q; 3. gyw³cY Av`vq Kivi
evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡c‡¶ g~j¨vqb Ki| kvw¯Í gyw³cY Av`vq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hw` †Kv‡bv wkï
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi ev bvix‡K AvUK Kiv nq Zvn‡j AvUKKvixi g…Z¨y`Ð
K. AvBbvbyhvqx G †`‡ki †g‡q‡`i weev‡ni me©wbgœ eqm ev hve¾xeb mkªg Kviv`Ð GgbwK AwZwi³ A_©`‡Ði
18 eQi| weavb i‡q‡Q; 4. bvix I wkï AcniY- cwZZve…wË ev
L. mgvR †_‡K AevwÃZ Ae¯’v `~i K‡i my›`i, myôy I bxwZewnf©~Z Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kivi j‡¶¨ †Kv‡bv bvix
DbœZ mgvR M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ †h mKj AvBb cªYqb I wkï cvPvi Kiv n‡j wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³i kvw¯Í wn‡m‡e
Kiv nq †m¸‡jvB mvgvwRK AvBb | hve¾xeb Kviv`Ð ev Ab¨~b 14 eQi mkªg Kviv`Ð
bvMwi‡Ki mvgwMªK Kj¨v‡Y ivóª KZ©…K bvbv ai‡bi Ges AwZwi³ A_©`Ð n‡e; 5. mg&ågnvwbRwbZ Kvi‡Y
AvBb cªYqb Kiv nq| G mKj AvBb bvMwi‡Ki AvZ¥nZ¨v- AvBb Abyhvqx mg&ågnvwbi ci †Kv‡bv
AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨ cwieZ©b Avb‡Z bvix AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡j ev †Kv‡bv e¨w³ AvZ¥nZ¨vq
cª‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MªnY K‡i| G AvBb¸‡jvi gv‡S cª‡ivPbv w`‡j Awfhy³ e¨w³i m‡e©v”P 10 eQi A_ev
RbKj¨vY m¤úwK©Z AvBb n‡”Q mvgvwRK AvBb| b~b¨Zg cvuP eQi mkªg Kviv`Ð n‡e| Z‡e G AvB‡bi
g~jZ mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK MwZaviv‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ Av‡iv wKQy aviv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv wiwgi g‡Zv wbh©vZ‡bi
†h AvBb cªYqb Kiv nq ZvB mvgvwRK AvBb| wkKvi bvix‡`i mywePvi †c‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
M. ¯^vgxi AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi mywePvi †c‡Z wiwg bvix N. wiwgi AZ¨vPvix ¯^vgxi e¨emvi weiæ‡× h_vh_ e¨e¯’v
I wkï wbh©vZb `gb (ms‡kvab) AvBb-2003 Gi Mªn‡Yi Rb¨ Ô1989 mv‡ji gv`K wb‡iva Aa¨v‡`kÕ
mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cv‡i| cª‡hvR¨ n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki †cªw¶‡Z G Aa¨v‡`‡ki
bvix wbh©vZb †iva Ges Acivax‡K K‡Vvi kvw¯Í wfwˇZ cªYxZ AvB‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv i‡q‡Q| 1986
cª`v‡bi j‡¶¨ 1983 mvj †_‡K G ch©šÍ Avjv`v mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb miKvi gv`‡Ki
Avjv`v A‡bK AvBb cªYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB fqvenZv Dcjwä K‡i Ges mywbw`©ó c`‡¶c Mªn‡Y
avivevwnKZvq 2000 mv‡j cªYxZ g~j AvB‡bi Zrci nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq 1986 mv‡ji 22
ms‡kvabx G‡b 13 RyjvB 2003 mv‡j cvm Kiv nq wW‡m¤^i gv`K`ªe¨ we‡ivax RvZxq KwgwU MVb Kiv
'bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb (ms‡kvabx) AvBb- nq| G KwgwU cªPwjZ gv`K`ªe¨ AvB‡bi cª‡qvRbxq
2003'| GB AvB‡b bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb ms¯‹vi Ges bZyb AvBb cªYq‡bi Ici ¸iZ¡v‡ivc K‡i
2000 Gi 12wU Aby‡”Q` I Dc-Aby‡”Q‡` ms‡kvabx mycvwik †ck K‡i| H KwgwUi mycvwikµ‡g 1989
Avbv n‡q‡Q Ges Aciv‡ai wePvi I Z`šÍ m¤úwK©Z mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi RvZxq gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y †evW©
QqwU bZyb aviv ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q | cªwZôv I G msµvšÍ Aa¨v‡`k cªYxZ nq| Aa¨v‡`k
DÏxc‡Ki wiwg ¯^vgxi AZ¨vPvi †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z 'bvix wb‡q wefw³ _vK‡jI 1990 mv‡ji gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y
I wkï wbh©vZb `gb (ms‡kvabx) AvBb-2003' Gi AvBb cªeZ©‡bi d‡j Zv gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb
mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cv‡i| G AvB‡b bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
wewfbœ cªZ¨‡qi (†hgb- Aciva, AcniY, AvUK,
 gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb gv`K`ª‡e¨i Ace¨envi I †hŠZyK GKwU mvgvwRK Kycª_v| GwU bvix Z_v
A‰ea cvPvi †iva K‡i mgvR‡K gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi mvwe©Kfv‡e mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi AšÍivq| †hŠZyK wb‡iva
cªfve †_‡K myi¶v w`‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡Q| AvBb 1980 Gi gva¨‡g mvgvwRKfv‡e G cª_v
GQvov AvB‡b gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿‡Yi mv‡_ gv`Kmˇ`i we‡jv‡ci Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v Mªn‡Yi K_v ejv
wPwKrmv I cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| AvBbwU n‡q‡Q| Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki kixdvi ¯^vgxi g‡Zv A‡bK
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq cªkvmwbK KvVv‡gv cyiæ‡li †¶‡Î G AvBb bv gvbvi cªeYZv j¶ Kiv
(†hgb- gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y †evW©) I Rbej m…wó Kiv hvq|
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e gv`K cvPv‡ii Ab¨Zg iæU †Mv‡ìb kixdvi evev we‡qi Av‡M Zvi ney RvgvZv‡K GKwU
I‡q‡Ri AšÍM©Z nIqvq evsjv‡`‡k gv`‡Ki mvB‡Kj wK‡b †`Iqvi cªwZkªywZ w`‡qwQ‡jb|
mnRjf¨Zv AvksKvRbKfv‡e evo‡Q| G‡¶‡Î A_©vfv‡e wZwb †m cªwZkªywZ i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvivq
gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb 1990 Gi ms¯‹vi Kiv GLb kwidv‡K wbh©vwZZ n‡Z nq| A_P evsjv‡`‡ki
mg‡qi `vwe| G j‡¶¨ gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb-2017 1980 mv‡ji †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvB‡b G ai‡bi
Gi Lmov ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kvh©µ‡g wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci cvkvcvwk Gi Rb¨
mvwe©K Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ZvB ejv hvq, gv`K MªnY, kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| H AvBb Abyhvqx we‡q‡Z
†Kbv-†ePv Ges †PvivPvjvb †iv‡a cªYxZ '1989 mv‡ji †Kv‡bv GK c¶ †_‡K Ab¨ c¶‡K †Kv‡bv g~j¨evb
gv`K wb‡iva Aa¨v‡`k' Gi Kvh©KvwiZv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e RvgvbZ †`Iqv ev w`‡Z A½xKvie× nIqv †hŠZyK
mg‡qi †cªw¶‡Z AvBbwUi ms¯‹vi Ges Gi K‡Vvi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †hŠZyK w`‡j
cª‡qvM NUv‡bv Riæwi| A_ev wb‡j A_ev wb‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡j Zv‡K m‡e©v”P
cvuP eQi Kviv`Ð A_ev Avw_©K Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Ð
2. kwidvi evev kwidvi weev‡ni c~‡e© Zvi ney RvgvZv‡K `wÐZ Kiv hv‡e| AvBbwU‡Z AviI ejv n‡q‡Q GwU
GKwU mvB‡Kj wK‡b †`Iqvi cªwZkªywZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| Kvh©Ki nIqvi ci †hŠZyK †`Iqv ev †bIqv msµvšÍ
`vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi cªwZkªywZ i¶v Ki‡Z cªPwjZ me Pyw³ evwZj n‡e|
cv‡ibwb| kwidvi ¯^vgx GRb¨ kwidv‡K gv‡S gv‡S N. evsjv‡`‡k bvix wbh©vZb †iv‡a DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK…Z
wbh©vZb Ki‡Q| AvBb A_©vr †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb 1980 Gi f~wgKv
K. wK‡kvi Av`vjZ †Kb cªwZôv Kiv nq? ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
L. 'AvBb gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K'— cªwZw`b msev`cÎ Lyj‡jB Kg‡ewk bvix wbh©vZ‡bi
eywS‡q †jL| Lei †Pv‡L c‡o| weevwnZ bvix‡`i Ici kvixwiK-
M. kwidvi ¯^vgxi Aciva †h mvgvwRK AvB‡bi gvbwmK wbh©vZb QvovI †hŠZy‡Ki Kvi‡Y mgv‡R AviI
j•Nb Zvi cwiPq `vI| wewfbœ †bwZevPK cwiw¯’wZi m…wó nq| g~jZ G ai‡bi
N. evsjv‡`‡k bvix wbh©vZb †iv‡a DÏxc‡K †bwZevPK cwiw¯’wZ †iva K‡i bvix‡`i myi¶v †`Iqv
Bw½ZK…Z AvBbwUi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki| Ges my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK mvgvwRK cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi G AvBb cªYxZ nq|
K. wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i wePvi Ges Zv‡`i AvPiY †hŠZy‡Ki cªfv‡e me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMª¯Í nq bvix I
ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ wK‡kvi Av`vjZ cªwZôv Kiv nq| Zvi cwievi| †hŠZy‡Ki `vwe †gUv‡Z wM‡q A‡bK
L. AvBb mgv‡Ri gvby‡li AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i| Kb¨v`vqMª¯Í wcZv‡K Zvi me©¯^ nviv‡Z nq| †hŠZy‡Ki
mvaviYZ †ewkifvM mgq mgv‡Ri mej Ask `ye©j‡`i `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i cwiev‡i bvbv ai‡bi AkvwšÍ ïiæ
†kvlY I wbcxob Kivi †Póv Pvjvq| G‡Z wewfbœ nq| cªvqB †g‡qiv G Kvi‡Y k¦ïievwoi †jvKRb‡`i
iK‡gi Aciva msNwUZ nq| Z‡e h_vh_ AvBb I kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| †hŠZy‡Ki
Gi myôy cª‡qvM gvby‡li †bwZevPK AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i Kvi‡Y msMwVZ bvbv iKg cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejv Ki‡ZB
Aciva nªvm Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ki AvBb Ab¨vqKvix‡K †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb 1980-‡Z †hŠZyK †`Iqv-‡bIqv
kvw¯Í †`Iqvi gva¨‡g e¨w³‡K ms‡kvwaZ n‡Z I G Kv‡R mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb
DrmvwnZ K‡i| ZvB ejv nq, AvBb gvby‡li evwn¨K ivLv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK †hŠZyK `vwe Kivi Rb¨ cvuP
AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K| eQ‡ii Kviv`Ð I Avw_©K Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Ð `wÐZ
M. kixdvi ¯^vgxi Aciva †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb-1980 Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GQvov †hŠZy‡Ki Rb¨ KvD‡K
Gi j•Nb, hv GKwU mvgvwRK AvBb| AvZ¥nZ¨vq cª‡ivwPZ Ki‡j I G Kvi‡Y e¨w³i g…Z¨y
NU‡j kvw¯Í wn‡m‡e g…Z¨y`Ð ev hve¾xeb Kviv`‡Ði
 e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| †hŠZy‡Ki Rb¨ A½nvwb NUv‡j mvRv 2000Õ cªYqb K‡i| AvBbwU 2003 mv‡j ms‡kvwaZ
n‡e hve¾xeb ev Kgc‡¶ 12 eQi mkªg Kviv`Ð| nq| GB AvB‡bi bvix cvPvi m¤úwK©Z aviv Abymv‡i
Z‡e KvM‡R-Kj‡g AvB‡bi aviv¸‡jv †ek k³ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Kvwe‡ji wePvi Kiv m¤¢e|
†hŠZyK cª_vi Pj ev †hŠZyKRwbZ mwnsm NUbv cªZ¨vkv DÏxc‡Ki Kvwej Zvi ¯¿x‡K Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y wbh©vZb
Abyhvqx Kg‡Q bv| Gi Rb¨ cª‡qvRb Rbm‡PZbZv I K‡i Ges GK ch©v‡q G‡m GK bvix cvPviKvix
AvB‡bi K‡Vvi cª‡qvM| gvby‡li g‡a¨ G aviYv w`‡Z `vjv‡ji Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`q| GgZve¯’vq Rwibvi
n‡e †h †hŠZyK PvB‡j ev GRb¨ bvix‡K wbh©vZb Ki‡j gvgv Kvwe‡ji weiæ‡× gvgjv K‡ib| bvix I wkï
kvw¯Í †fvM Aek¨¤¢vex| wbh©vZb `gb (ms‡kvab) AvBb, 2003 Gi 5 bs
mvwe©K Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ZvB ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k bvix avivq G ai‡bi Aciv‡ai cªK…wZ I kvw¯Í m¤ú‡K© ejv
wbh©vZb cªwZ‡iv‡a †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb-1980 Gi n‡q‡Q, 'hw` †Kv‡bv bvix‡K †Kv‡bv cwZZvi wbKU ev
f~wgKv Acwimxg| Z‡e AvBbwU AviI djcªm~ Ki‡Z cwZZvj‡qi e¨e¯’vc‡Ki wbKU weµq Kiv nq,
PvB‡j Gi K‡Vvi ev¯Íevqb `iKvi| Zvn‡j †h e¨w³ GB Kg© mvab K‡i‡Qb wZwb mywbw`©ó
`‡Ð `wÐZ n‡eb| G‡¶‡Î D³ e¨w³ g…Z¨y`‡Ð ev
3. Kvwej wgqv `yó cªK…wZi †jvK| Abv_ Rwibv †eMg‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`‡Ð ev AbwaK wek eQi wKš‘ Ab¨~b
we‡q K‡i| we‡qi ci Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y Rwibv‡K `k eQi mkªg Kviv`‡Ð `wÐZ n‡eb Ges Gi AwZwi³
gviwcU K‡i| GKw`b †m Rwibv‡K GK bvix A_©`‡ÐI `wÐZ n‡eb'| Kvwe‡ji †¶‡ÎI Abyiƒc
cvPviKvix `vjv‡ji Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`q| Rwibvi kvw¯Í cª‡hvR¨ n‡e|
gvgv welqwU Rvb‡Z †c‡i Kvwe‡ji weiæ‡× gvgjv N. mgv‡R kvwšÍ cªwZôvq 'bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb
K‡i| (ms‡kvab) AvBb, 2003' ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q|
K. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb cvm nq KZ mgvR †_‡K bvbv ai‡bi Aciva wbimbK‡í AvBb
mv‡j? cªYqb I Zvi h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|
L. evj¨weevn ej‡Z Kx †evS? mv‡j? Avgv‡`i mgv‡R bvix I wkï wbh©vZb Ab¨Zg
M. DÏxc‡K Rwibvi gvgv †Kvb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Aciv‡ai AšÍf©y³| Gi d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ
Kvwe‡ji wePvi PvB‡Z cv‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| bó nq| G †cªw¶‡Z miKvi 2003 mv‡j bvix I wkï
N. mgv‡R kvwšÍ cªwZôvq D³ AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v wbh©vZb `gb AvBb‡K AviI Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ †X‡j
K‡iv| mvwR‡q‡Q|
3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Avgv‡`i mgv‡R bvixiv cªwZwbqZ bvbvfv‡e N‡i-
K. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb cvm nq 1980 evB‡i wbh©vwZZ n‡”Q| †hŠZy‡Ki Kvi‡Y Zviv ¯^vgx I
mv‡j| k¦ïievwoi †jvK‡`i Øviv wbM…nxZ nq, KL‡bv †hŠb
L. evj¨weevn ej‡Z Acªvßeq¯‹ †Q‡j‡g‡qi weevn‡K wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq, Avevi KL‡bv c‡o
†evSvq| cvPviKvix‡`i Là‡i| Gfv‡e AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi
weev‡ni cª_g kZ© n‡jv †Q‡j-‡g‡qi eqm| cªPwjZ wkKvi nvZ †_‡K evuP‡Z GK mgq Zviv AvZ¥nb‡bi
AvBb Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡k weev‡ni Rb¨ †Q‡ji eqm c_ †e‡Q †bq| Ab¨w`‡K Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wkïkªg,
Kgc‡¶ 21 eQi Avi †g‡qi eqm 18 eQi n‡Z n‡e| wkï cvPvi cªf…wZ Acivag~jK NUbvI cªwZwbqZ N‡U
wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e †`Lv hvq, †Q‡j I †g‡qi cªK…Z eqm‡K P‡j‡Q| G mKj Aciva wbim‡b Av‡jvP¨ AvB‡b
cvk KvwU‡q mgv‡R A‡bK weevn m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e©Kvi ejer
G‡¶‡Î †Q‡j ev †g‡q `yR‡biB A_ev †Kv‡bv AvBb¸‡jvi Zyjbvq G AvBb bvix I wkï wbh©vZb
GKR‡bi eqm Kg n‡q _v‡K| Avi G ai‡bi weevnB `g‡bi †¶‡Î AwaK djcªm~| d‡j G AvBbwU mgv‡R
evj¨weevn| kvwšÍ cªwZôvq AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| Z‡e GB AvB‡bi
M. DÏxc‡Ki Rwibvi gvgv 2003 mv‡ji bvix I wkï cª‡qvM‡K AviI mywbwðZ Kiv cª‡qvRb|
wbh©vZb †iva AvB‡bi gva¨‡g Kvwe‡ji wePvi PvB‡Z cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Av‡jvP¨ AvBbwU hw` h_v_©fv‡e
cv‡ib| cª‡qvM Kiv hvq Z‡e mgvR †_‡K bvix I wkï wbh©vZb
Avgv‡`i †`‡k mvgvwRKfv‡e cªwZwU ¯Í‡i, cªwZwU AviI nªvm cv‡e|
†¶‡Î bvix wbh©vZ‡bi fqvenZv w`b w`b †e‡oB
P‡j‡Q| GgZve¯’vq MYcªRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi 4. wkï‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq evsjv‡`k miKvi m‡Pó| G
RvZxq msm` KZ©…K Ôbvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi 1974 mv‡j GKwU AvBb
 cªYqb K‡i hv wkï‡`i jvjb-cvjb, i¶Yv‡e¶Y I _vK‡Z nq| Avi G Rb¨ wkï‡`i myi¶vi Rb¨ wbw`©ó
Zv‡`i mv‡_ e¨envi Ges wkï Acivax‡`i wePvi I AvBb AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| evsjv‡`‡ki wkï AvBb-1974
kvw¯Í m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| wkï‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q|
K. wn›`y weevn wbeÜb AvBb Kiv nq KZ mv‡j? Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wkïiv †hb mKj mgm¨v †_‡K gy³
L. mvgvwRK AvB‡bi GKwU D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv K‡iv| _v‡K †m D‡Ï‡k¨B wkï AvBb cªYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb AvBb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv GB AvB‡b †Kv‡bv wkï‡K wewfbœ †KŠkj cª‡qvM K‡i
n‡q‡Q? Gi ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨v K‡iv| wf¶ve…wˇZ wb‡qvM Kiv‡K kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva wn‡m‡e
N. ÔG AvBb wkï‡`i Kj¨v‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjjÕ- wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i Rb¨
Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| wK‡kvi Av`vjZ I nvRZ ¯’vc‡bi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q|
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi hv g~jZ wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B
K. wn›`y weevn wbeÜb AvBb Kiv nq 2012 mv‡j| KvR K‡i| G AvB‡b wkï kªg‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
L. mvgvwRK AvB‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkï kª‡gi Rb¨ kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| GQvov wkï
mgv‡Ri mKj cªKvi Ky-cª_v `~i Kiv| AvB‡b wkïi †ivM wbivgq, kvw¯Í`vb, Rvwgb cª`vb,
Avgv‡`i mgv‡R GL‡bv A‡bK Ky-cª_v I Kyms¯‹vi ms‡kvab e¨e¯’v, gyw³ cª`vbmn wewfbœ wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
cªPwjZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK Dbœq‡bi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j Zv‡`i i¶Yv‡e¶Y
c‡_ evav m…wó K‡i| †hgb weaev weevn I mZx`vn mywbwðZ n‡”Q| Avi Gfv‡eB wkï AvBb wkï‡`i
cª_v m¤úwK©Z Kyms¯‹vi bvix‡`i Rb¨ AgvbweK wQj| Kj¨v‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki f~wgKv
Giƒc mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨B wewfbœ mvgvwRK AvBb ivL‡Q| Z‡e AvB‡bi h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡b miKvi‡K
cªYqb Kiv nq| Gi d‡j mgvR †_‡K G mKj Kycª_v AviI D‡`¨vMx n‡Z n‡e|
`~i nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, wkï AvB‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K©
M. DÏxc‡K 1974 mv‡ji wkï AvBb m¤ú‡K© cª‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvR‡Ki wkïivB AvMvgx w`‡bi fwel¨r| G Kvi‡Y 5. h~w_ bv‡gi dyUdy‡U GKwU †g‡q evwoi mvgvb¨ `~‡i
wkï‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨vY I myi¶v wbwðZ Kiv AZ¨šÍ Aew¯’Z miKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q Aóg †kªwY‡Z
cª‡qvRbxq GKwU welq| Avi G Rb¨B wkï AvBb c‡o| ¯‹yj †MB‡Ui mvg‡bi M¨v‡i‡R Kg©iZ K‡qKwU
cªYqb Kiv `iKvi| evsjv‡`k miKvi welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ †Q‡j cªvqk Zv‡K DZ¨³ KiZ| GKw`b GK †Q‡j
Abyaveb K‡iB 1974 mv‡j wkï AvBb cªYqb K‡i| Zvi Iobv †U‡b a‡i| NUbvwU ¯‹yj KZ©…c¶‡K Rvbv‡j
1974 mv‡ji wkï AvB‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU wkïi jvjb- ¯‹yj KZ©…c¶ Zv Avg‡j wb‡q †Q‡jwU‡K Rwigvbv K‡i
cvjb, i¶Yv‡e¶Y I Zv‡`i mv‡_ e¨envi Ges wkï M¨v‡iR †_‡K Zvwo‡q †`q| Gi wKQyw`b ci cªwZ‡kva
Acivax‡`i wePvi I kvw¯Í m¤úwK©Z AvBb wba©viY Kiv wb‡Z †Q‡jwU h~w_i gy‡L GwmW Qyu‡o gv‡i Ges G‡Z
n‡q‡Q| 1976 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤^i XvKvq Ges 1980 †m mvgvb¨ AvnZ nq|
mv‡ji 1 Ryb evsjv‡`‡k AvBbwU ejer Kiv nq| G K. Ô†hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb 1980Õ KZ mvj †_‡K
AvB‡bi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i myi¶vi welqwU wbwðZ Kvh©Ki nq?
n‡q‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk wkï AwaKviI iw¶Z n‡”Q| L. mvgvwRK AvB‡bi wZbwU D‡Ïk¨ Av‡jvPbv
Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKwU wkïi mvwe©K Kj¨vY K‡iv|
wbwðZKi‡Y G AvBbwUi weKí †bB| DÏxc‡K M. h~w_i Dci nvgjvKvixi wePvi †h †h avivq n‡e
DwjøwLZ AvBbwU evsjv‡`k miKvi 1974 mv‡j cªYqb AvBbwUi bvg D‡jøLc~e©K aviv¸‡jv e¨vL¨v
K‡i| AvBbwU wkï‡`i jvjb-cvjb, i¶Yv‡e¶Y I K‡iv|
Zv‡`i mv‡_ e¨envi Ges wkï Acivax‡`i wePvi I N. D³ AvB‡bi mxgve×Zv we‡kølY K‡iv|
kvw¯Í m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| G mKj ˆewkó¨ 5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
wkï AvBb-1974 Gi mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y©| K. Ô†hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb-1980Õ 1981 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei
N. Avgv‡`i †`‡k wkï AvBb-1974 wkï‡`i Kj¨v‡Y †_‡K mviv‡`‡k Kvh©Ki nq|
GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| L. mvgvwRK AvBb mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ cªYxZ Ges
wkï‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv cªwZwU iv‡óªiB mgv‡R m…ó mgm¨v I AevwÃZ Ae¯’v †gvKvwejvi
¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡| wkïiv †hb †hvM¨ gvbyl I mybvMwiK D‡Ï‡k¨ mvgvwRK AvBb cª‡qvM Kiv nq|
wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ ivóª‡KB m‡Pó
 mvgvwRK AvB‡bi bvbv D‡Ïk¨ we`¨gvb| cª_gZ eo n‡e, mgv‡R Gi MªnY‡hvM¨Zv we‡ePbvi `vwe
mvgvwRK AvPvi- AvPiY wbqš¿Y mvgvwRK AvB‡bi iv‡L|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨| G AvB‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³ ¯^v‡_©i Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, D³ AvB‡b we`¨gvb
E‡aŸ© mgwó I mvgvwRK ¯^v‡_©i cªwZ m‡PZb †_‡K mxgve×Zv `~i Ki‡Z AvBb ms‡kva‡bi msÁv
mgvR Aby‡gvw`Z AvPiY Ki‡Z m¶g nq| wØZxqZ, AvB‡bi h_v_© cª‡qvM cª‡qvRb |
mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvavb Ges fwel¨r mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iva
mvgvwRK AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| 6. †KivgZ Avjx cª_g ¯¿x'i AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Av‡iKwU
Z…ZxqZ, mvgvwRK mvg¨ I mywePvi cªwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †PŠÏ eQ‡ii †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡i| welqwU wb‡q ¯^vgx-
mvgvwRK AvBb cªYxZ nq| ¯¿x'i g‡a¨ cªvqB K_v KvUvKvwU, SMovweev` I
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Aciva n‡”Q GwmW wb‡¶c K‡i gvivgvwi ch©šÍ nq| GKmgq †KivgZ †gŠwLKfv‡e wZb
gy‡Li weK…wZ NUv‡bv| G‡¶‡Î bvix I wkï wbh©vZb ZvjvK w`‡qB ¯¿x‡K evwo †_‡K Zvwo‡q †`q|
`gb (ms‡kvab) AvBb-2003 Abyhvqx Dchy³ kvw¯Íi GgZve¯’vq †KivgZ Avjxi ¯¿x 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg
weavb i‡q‡Q| cvwievwiK AvB‡bi KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó avivq Zvi weiæ‡×
bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb (ms‡kvab) AvBb-2003 e¨e¯’v wb‡Z BDwbqb cwil` †Pqvig¨v‡bi wbKU
Abyhvqx hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ `nbKvix ev ¶qKvix c`v_© Av‡e`b Rvbvq|
Øviv bvix ev wkïi g…Zy¨ NUvq ev g…Z¨y NUv‡bvi †Póv K. 1974 mv‡ji wkï AvBb KZ mv‡j XvKvq cª‡qvM
K‡i Zvn‡j Awfhy³ e¨w³ g…Zy¨`Ð ev hve¾xeb mkªg nq?
Kviv`Ð ev A_©`‡Ð `wÐZ n‡e| GB Kvi‡Y hw` †Kv‡bv L. †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv K‡iv|
wkï ev bvixi kªeYkw³ bó, †hŠbv½ ev ¯Íb weK…wZ N‡U M. 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi †hme
†m‡¶‡Î Awfhy³ e¨w³ g…Zy¨`Ð ev hve¾xeb Kviv`Ð avivq †KivgZ Avjxi wePvi n‡e †mme aviv
Ges AwZwi³ AbyaŸ© GK j¶ UvKv A_©`‡Ð `wÐZ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
n‡e| GQvov kix‡ii Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A½nvwb, weK…wZ ev N. 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi
bó n‡j †PŠÏ eQi ch©šÍ Kviv`Ð Ges AwZwi³ 50 Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e| 6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
cvovi M¨v‡i‡Ri Kg©Pvix GKwU †Q‡j h~w_‡K GwmW K. 1974 mv‡ji wkï AvBb 1976 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤^i
Qyu‡o gv‡i| G‡Z h~w_ AvnZ nq| G Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í XvKvq cª‡qvM Kiv nq|
wn‡m‡e †Q‡jwU †PŠÏ eQi ch©šÍ Kviv`Ð Ges AwZwi³ L. bvix wbh©vZb I nZ¨v †iva Ges bvixi DbœqbK‡í
50 nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbvi `Ð †fvM Ki‡e| †hŠZyK wb‡iva AvBb cªZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ bvix I wkï wbh©vZb †iva †hŠZyK GKwU eo ai‡bi Ky-c_v| bvix AwaKvi
(ms‡kvab) AvBb- 2003-Gi K‡qKwU aviv ms‡kvab msi¶Y I bvix wbh©vZb cªwZ‡iv‡a Ô†hŠZyKwb‡iva
Ki‡jI wKQy mxgve×Zv cwijw¶Z nq| AvBb-1980Õ GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx c`‡¶c| GB
bvix I wkï wbh©vZb †iva (ms‡kvab) AvBb-2003 AvB‡bi ms‡kvabx Lmovq ejv n‡q‡Q, †Kv‡bv bvixi
mg‡qi cwieZ©b I ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K ms‡kvab Kiv ¯^vgx, ¯^vgxi wcZv-gvZv, AwffveK, AvZ¥xq ev ¯^vgxi
n‡j bvix wbh©vZb mswkøó mKj Aciva AšÍf©y³ nqwb| j‡¶¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †hŠZy‡Ki Rb¨ †Kv‡bv bvix‡K
bvixi cªwZ M…n mwnsmZv, †Rvic~e©K Mf©cvZ, AvZ¥nZ¨vq cª‡ivwPZ Ki‡j Zv‡K g…Z¨y`Ð ev
c‡Y©vMªvwd, bvixi wbivc` PjvP‡j evav cª`vb BZ¨vw` hve¾xeb Kviv`‡Ð `wÐZ Kiv n‡e| Gi d‡j mgv‡R
AšÍf©y³ Kiv nqwb| Akøxj A½fw½ I kã D”PviY, gvby‡li g‡a¨ G †evakw³ RvMªZ n‡e †h †hŠZyK
DZ¨³ Kiv BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ Acivax nIqvi aviv eR©b Av`vb- cª`vb Ki‡j kvw¯Í wbwðZ Ges mgv‡R
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb †nqcªwZcbœ n‡Z n‡e|
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ms‡kvabx Avbv nqwb| M. 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi wØZxq we‡q
ms‡kvwaZ AvB‡b ms‡hvwRZ bZyb avivq mg&ågnvwb Ges ZvjvK m¤úwK©Z avivq DÏxc‡Ki †KivgZ
NUvi ci, †KD AvZ¥nZ¨vi cª‡ivPbv wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv Avjxi wePvi n‡e|
n‡jI DZ¨³Kvixi gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y 1961 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB †_‡K Kvh©Ki nIqv gymwjg
AvZ¥nb‡b eva¨ Ki‡jI Zv Aciva e‡j MY¨ nq bv| cvwievwiK AvBbwU evsjv‡`‡ki bvix‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vi
al©‡bi d‡j Rb¥ †bqv mšÍvb, al©K ev awl©Zvi cwiP‡q GK ai‡bi i¶vKeP| GB AvB‡bi GKwU aviv wØZxq
we‡q m¤ú‡K© n‡q‡Q| cª_g ¯¿x eZ©gvb _vK‡Z ¯^vgx
 wØZxq weevn Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Z‡e ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿xi ZvQvov †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i we‡qi eqm wba©viYmn wcZ…nxb
m¤§wZµ‡g mvwjk cwil‡`i gva¨‡g wØZxq weevn Kiv GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡qi ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨I GB AvBb Kvh©Ki
hv‡e| GB AvB‡bi Av‡iKwU aviv ZvjvK m¤ú‡K© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
ewY©Z Av‡Q| K‡qKevi ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡jI mvgwMªK Av‡jvPbvi †cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki
ZvjvK nq bv| †Kv‡bv ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡Z mgvRe¨e¯’vq bvix‡`i Kj¨v‡Y 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg
PvB‡j ¯^vgx‡K BDwbqb cwil` ev †cŠi †Pqvig¨v‡bi cvwievwiK AvBb GK wbivcËv †mdMvW© wn‡m‡e
wbKU wjwLZ †bvwUk w`‡Z n‡e Ges Abyiƒc Kwc cwiwPZ|
¯¿x‡KI w`‡Z n‡e| †bvwUk †`Iqvi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨
†Pqvig¨vb Df‡qi g‡a¨ wgjb NUv‡Z e¨_© n‡j 90 7. wg. 'K' cª_g ¯¿xi webv AbygwZ‡Z wØZxq we‡q K‡ib|
w`b ci ZvjvK Kvh©Ki n‡e| bvix‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq d‡j 'K'-Gi ¯¿xi mv‡_ Zvi evKweZÐv ïiæ nq|
G ai‡bi Av‡iv K‡qKwU aviv D‡jøL i‡q‡Q gymwjg GKch©v‡q wg. 'K' Zvi ¯¿x‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e wZb ZvjvK
cvwievwiK AvB‡b| †`b| Zvi ¯¿x Av`vj‡Z gvgjv K‡ib| GLb gvgjvwU
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, †KivgZ Avjx cª_g ¯¿xi AbygwZ wePvivaxb|
e¨ZxZ wØZxq we‡q m¤úbœ K‡i Ges GKch©v‡q cª_g K. †hŠZyK Kx?
¯¿x‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e ZvjvK w`‡q Zvwo‡q †`q | 1961 L. bvix wbh©vZb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
mv‡ji cvwievwiK AvBb Abyhvqx, †KivgZ Avjx AvBb M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq 'K' Gi ¯¿x †Kvb AvB‡bi
f½ Kivq D³ AvB‡bi wØZxq we‡q Ges ZvjvK aviv Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
`ywU Abyhvqx wePvi Kvh© m¤úbœ n‡e| G‡Z wØZxq N. evsjv‡`‡ki bvix‡`i `v¤úZ¨ I cvwievwiK
we‡qi Rb¨ GK eQi ch©šÍ Kviv`Û `k nvRvi UvKv Rxeb i¶v Kivi †¶‡Î D³ AvB‡bi aviv¸‡jv
ch©šÍ Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq `Û n‡e| Avi †gŠwLK Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
Zvjv‡Ki Kvi‡Y me©vwaK GK eQi Kviv‡fvM A_ev 7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
cvuP nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Ð `wÐZ Kiv K. we‡qi mgq Kb¨vc¶ eic¶‡K ev eic¶ Kb¨vc¶‡K
n‡e| B”QvK…Z ev Awb”QvK…Zfv‡e †h Dc‡XŠKb †`q ZvB
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK †hŠZyK|
AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| L. bvixi B”Qvi weiæ‡× †Kv‡bv wKQy Kiv hv bvixi Rb¨
mvgvwRK Ky-cª_v I †bwZevPK `…wófw½i Kvi‡Y gh©v`v nvwbKi ZvB bvix wbh©vZb| bvixi kvixwiK,
G‡`‡k eûweevn, ZvjvK, fiY‡cvlY, DËivwaKvi gvbwmK I mvgvwRK `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q †Kv‡bv
cªf…wZ wel‡q †ek AmvgÄm¨ wQj| G Ae¯’v e¨w³ ev e¨w³e‡M©i mgwó bvbv ARynvZ †`wL‡q bvixi
†gvKvwejvq ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb miKvi bvixi gh©v`v Ici ˆ`wnK I gvbwmKfv‡e wbcxob Pvjv‡bv ev †¶Î
i¶v, AwaKvi Av`vq I cwiev‡ii myL-kvwšÍ I we‡k‡l bvixi B”Qvi weiæ‡× ej cª‡qvM K‡i †Kv‡bv
wkï‡`i DËivwaKvi cª`v‡bi j‡¶¨ 1958 mv‡ji 7 A‰ea wKQy KivB n‡jv bvix wbh©vZb|
AvM÷ GKwU Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡ib| hv cieZ©x‡Z M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvq 'K'-Gi ¯¿x 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg
1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvwievwiK AvB‡bi Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i|
cvq| 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg bvix‡`i ¯^v_© i¶vq G AvBb wQj gymwjg bvix‡`i gh©v`v I AwaKvi msi¶Y Kiv
GK ai‡bi wbivcËvKeP| †Kbbv GB AvBb gwnjv I n‡q‡Q| GB AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q cª_g ¯¿xi AbygwZ
wkï‡`i mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †¶‡Î wewfbœ my‡hvM G‡b e¨ZxZ ¯^vgx wØZxq we‡q Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi cª_g
w`‡q‡Q| GB AvBb cªYq‡bi Av‡M †Kv‡bv ¯^vgx gyL ¯¿x RxweZ _vKv Ae¯’vq Zvi AbygwZ Qvov wØZxq we‡q
w`‡q ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡jB ZvjvK n‡q †hZ| Ki‡j ¯¿xM‡Yi †`b‡gvni Zvr¶wYKfv‡e cwi‡kva
ZvjvKcªvß ¯¿x wjwLZ cªgvY Dc¯’vc‡b e¨_© n‡j Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi ¯¿x Awf‡hvM Ki‡jI Zv cªgvwYZ
†`b‡gvni I fiY‡cvl‡Yi LiP †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Zv| n‡j ¯^vgx‡K AvBb Abyhvqx kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
wKš‘ G AvB‡b weevn †iwRw÷ªi weavb ivLvi d‡j GB AvB‡b AviI ejv n‡q‡Q gy‡L K‡qKevi ZvjvK
bvixi Avw_©K I mvgvwRK wbivcËv jv‡fi my‡hvM D”PviY Ki‡jB ¯¿x ZvjvK nq bv| †Kv‡bv ¯^vgx ¯¿x‡K
G‡m‡Q| GgbwK ¯^vgxi wØZxq we‡q Kiv Ges ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡Z PvB‡j ¯^vgx‡K h_vkxNª BDwbqb cwil`
ZvjvK †`Iqvi Ici wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU ev †cŠi †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q †bvwUk w`‡Z n‡e Ges
bvix‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vi †¶‡Î GKwU ewjô c`‡¶c|
 Abyiƒc Kwc ¯¿x‡KI w`‡Z n‡e| G aviv f½ Ki‡j L. mvgvwRK mgm¨v I mvgvwRK AvBb G‡K A‡b¨i
¯^vgx‡K kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Dci wbf©ikxj †Kb?
DÏxc‡K wg. 'K' cª_g ¯¿xi webv AbygwZ‡Z wØZxq M. DÏxc‡K Avwmd I ivwKe †Kvb AvB‡b †c‡Z
we‡q K‡ib| GKch©v‡q wg. 'K' Zvi cª_g ¯¿x‡K cv‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
†gŠwLKfv‡e ZvjvK †`b| G‡Z Zvi ¯¿x Av`vj‡Z N. Zywg wK g‡b Ki, evsjv‡`‡ki gv`K`ª‡e¨i
gvgjv K‡ib| Avi G‡¶‡Î 'K'-Gi ¯¿x Dc‡i ewY©Z we¯Ívi wbqš¿‡Y D³ AvBb mnvqK?
1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi Avkªq wb‡Z 8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
cv‡ib| K. wkï AvB‡bi aviv 78wU|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK L. mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK AvBb cªYxZ
AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| nq, d‡j G `ywU welq G‡K A‡b¨i Ici wbf©ikxj|
mvgvwRK Ky-cª_v I †bwZevPK `…wófw½i Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wewfbœ ai‡bi mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| Gme
G‡`‡k eûweevn, ZvjvK, fiY‡cvlY, DËivwaKvi mgm¨v mvgvwRK Dbœqb I cªMwZ‡K evavMª¯Í K‡i|
cªf…wZ wel‡q †ek AmvgÄm¨ wQj| G Ae¯’v †hgb— †hŠZyK GKwU mvgvwRK mgm¨v| G ai‡bi
†gvKvwejvq ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb miKvi bvixi gh©v`v mgm¨v `~i Kivi j‡¶¨B mvgvwRK AvBb cªYqb Kiv
i¶v, AwaKvi Av`vq I cwiev‡ii myL-kvwšÍ I nq| Avevi AvB‡bi h_vh_ cª‡qvM bv n‡j mgv‡R
wkï‡`i DËivwaKvi cª`v‡bi j‡¶¨ 1958 mv‡ji 7 bZyb bZyb mgm¨vi D™¢e nq| A_©vr mvgvwRK mgm¨v
AvM÷ GKwU Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡ib| hv cieZ©x‡Z I AvBb G‡K A‡b¨i cwic~iK|
1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb bv‡g cwiwPwZ M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwmd I ivwKe gv`K †PvivPvjv‡bi mv‡_
cvq | evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg bvix‡`i ¯^v_© i¶vq G RwoZ _vKvq gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb-1990 Abyhvqx
AvBb wQj GK ai‡bi wbivcËvKeP| †Kbbv GB Zv‡`i mvRv n‡Z cv‡i|
AvBb gwnjv I wkï‡`i mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡k gv`K`ª‡e¨i we¯Ívi wbqš¿Y I hyemgvR‡K
wewfbœ my‡hvM G‡b w`‡q‡Q| GB AvBb cªYq‡bi Av‡M gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K gy³ Kivi j‡¶¨ 1989 mv‡j G
†Kv‡bv ¯^vgx gyL w`‡q ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡jB ZvjvK m¤úwK©Z Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi Kiv nq| 1990 mv‡j
n‡q †hZ| ZvjvKcªvß ¯¿x wjwLZ cªgvY Dc¯’vc‡b e¨_© Aa¨v‡`kwU gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb wn‡m‡e M…nxZ
n‡j †`b‡gvni I fiY‡cvl‡Yi LiP †_‡K ewÂZ nq| GB AvB‡b gv`K`ªe¨ †PvivPvjv‡bi Rb¨ K‡Vvi
n‡Zv| wKš‘ G AvB‡b weevn †iwRw÷ªi weavb ivLvi kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q|
d‡j bvixi Avw_©K I mvgvwRK wbivcËv jv‡fi my‡hvM DÏxc‡Ki Avwmd I ivwKe `xN©w`b a‡i bxjMÄ _vbvq
G‡m‡Q| GgbwK ¯^vgx wØZxq we‡q Kiv Ges ¯¿x‡K gv`K †PvivPvjv‡bi e¨emv Ki‡Q| m¤cÖwZ BDwbqb
ZvjvK †`Iqvi Ici wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi ZË¡veav‡b Zv‡`i `yRb‡K
bvix‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vi †¶‡Î GKwU ewjô c`‡¶c| †Mªßvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb cªPwjZ AvBb Abymv‡iB
ZvQvov †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i we‡qi eqm wba©viYmn wcZ…nxb Zv‡`i wePvi Ges kvw¯Í n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k 1990
GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡qi ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨I GB AvBb Kvh©Ki mv‡ji gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvB‡b kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| n‡q‡Q| GB AvB‡b gv`K`ª‡e¨i cªK…wZi Ici wbf©i
ZvB mvgwMªK Av‡jvPbvi †cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, K‡i kvw¯Íi D‡jøL Av‡Q| †hgb- †n‡ivB‡bi g‡Zv
evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRe¨e¯’vq bvix‡`i Kj¨v‡Y 1961 fqven gv`‡Ki †¶‡Î gv`K`ª‡e¨i cwigvY Ab~aŸ© 25
mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb GK wbivcËv †mdMvW© Mªvg n‡j Kgc‡¶ 2 eQi Ges Ab~aŸ© 10 eQi
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Kviv`‡Ði weavb i‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, Avwmd I
ivwKe †PvivPvjvb Kiv gv`K`ª‡e¨i cªK…wZ I
8. gv`K`ª‡e¨i me©Mªvmx AvMªvm‡b myLx bxjM‡Äi mvgvwRK cwigv‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i Av‡jvP¨ AvB‡b Zv‡`i‡K
cwiw¯’wZ wek…•Lj n‡”Q| we‡klZ wK‡kvi I hyeK‡`i kvw¯Í †`Iqv hv‡e|
gv‡S Gi we¯Ívi †ewk| Avwmd I ivwKe bv‡gi `yB N. Avwg g‡b Kwi, gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb h_vh_fv‡e
gv`K †PvivPvjvbKvix bv‡Ki WMvq †_‡K G e¨emv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j Zv evsjv‡`‡k gv`K`ª‡e¨i we¯Ívi †iv‡a
Pvjv‡”Q| Zviv me mgq aiv †Qvuqvi evB‡i _v‡K wKš‘ mnvqK n‡e|
MZ gv‡m ¯^qs †Pqvig¨vb mv‡ne Zv‡`i a‡i cywj‡ki gv`Kvmw³ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cªavb mvgvwRK
Kv‡Q †mvc`© K‡ib| mgm¨v| GB mgm¨v m…wói Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv
K. wkï AvB‡b KZwU aviv Av‡Q? gv`K`ª‡e¨i Aeva we¯Ívi| ZvB G mgm¨vi mgvav‡b
 gv`‡Ki we¯Ívi †iv‡ai weKí †bB| G j‡¶¨ gv`K`ªe¨ weiZ _v‡K| GRb¨ ejv hvq, AvBb gvby‡li evwn¨K
wbqš¿Y AvBb cªYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K|
gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k-1989 Abymv‡i, 1990 M. Aiæ‡Yi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î 'gv`K wbqš¿Y
mv‡j ivóªcwZi mwPevj‡qi Aax‡b gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k-1989' AvBbwU cª‡hvR¨|
Awa`ßi cªwZôv Kiv nq| c‡i GKB eQ‡ii 9 gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Ges gv`Kvm³‡`i wPwKrmv I
†m‡Þ¤^i GwU ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b hvq| GB cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y
Awa`ßi gv`K`ª‡e¨i we¯Ívi cªwZ‡iv‡a bxwZgvjv Aa¨v‡`k 1989 cªYxZ nq| G AvB‡b gv`K`ªe¨
cªYqb I ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K| Awa`߇ii Ab¨vb¨ wbqš¿‡Yi mv‡_ gv`Kvm³‡`i wPwKrmv I cybe©vm‡bi
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q gv`K`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b I mieivn e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| AvB‡bi h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
wbqš¿Y Kiv, gv`K`ªe¨ msµvšÍ Z_¨ msMª‡ni Rb¨ cª‡qvRxq cªkvmwbK KvVv‡gv m…wói e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
M‡elYv I Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiv Ges gv`K`ª‡e¨i G AvB‡bi weavb Abyhvqx, evsjv‡`k miKvi RvZxq
Kydj m¤ú‡K© Rbm‡PZbZv MW‡় †Zvjv| Gfv‡e gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y †evW©, gv`K `ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ßi
gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ßi gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv Ges gv`Kvm³ wbivgq †K›`ª cªwZôv K‡i‡Q| G
iv‡L| mswkøó AvBbwUi Av‡iKwU ˆewkó¨ n‡jv gv`K AvB‡bi AvIZvq gv`Kvmw³RwbZ mgm¨v cªwZ‡iv‡ai
e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡`i Rb¨ K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb| me©vZ¥K cª‡Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q|
AvBb Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv e¨w³ gv`K MªnY, mieivn, DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, GKv`k †kªwYi QvÎ AiæY gv`K
enb, wecYb, Pvlvev` I msi¶Y Ki‡j me©wbgœ `yB MªnY ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Dc‡i ewY©Z gv`K wbqš¿Y
eQi †_‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`Ð, A_©`Ð BZ¨vw`i e¨e¯’v Aa¨v‡`k-1989 AvBbwU cª‡qvM K‡i Aiæ‡Yi
ivLv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î gv`‡Ki †kªwY, cªK…wZ, cwigvY wPwKrmv I cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Zv‡K my¯’ Kiv
I cªwZwµqv we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡e| hvq|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, Av‡jvP¨ AvB‡b N. D³ AvBb A_©vr 'gv`K wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k-1989'
gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿‡Y Dc‡hvMx avivi mwbœ‡ek NUv‡bv ev¯Íevq‡b mgvRKg©x ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB AvB‡bi K‡Vvi cª‡qvM gv`K`ªe¨ cv‡i|
wbqš¿‡Y djcªm~ f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e| gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Ges gv`Kvm³‡`i wPwKrmv I
cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi 1989 mv‡j
9. AiæY GKv`k †kªwYi QvÎ| cvwievwiK Kvi‡Y B`vwbs 'gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡i| GB AvB‡b
†m covïbvq Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡q c‡o| gv‡S gv‡S ivZ gv`K `ªe¨ Drcv`b, cwienb ev msi¶‡Yi Rb¨
K‡iI evmvq wd‡i| GK ch©v‡q gv`K MªnY Ki‡Z ïiæ kvw¯Íi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| mgvRKg©xiv gv`Kvm³‡`i
K‡i| G Ae¯’v Zvi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| G Ae¯’v e¨vcv‡i Z_¨ msMªn K‡i AvBb-k…•Ljv i¶vKvix
hyemgvR‡K aŸs‡mi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ evwnbx‡K GB AvBb cª‡qv‡M f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
miKvi GKwU Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i| Zv‡`i‡K wPwKrmv I cybe©vm‡bi †¶‡ÎI mgvRKg©xiv
K. AvBb Kv‡K e‡j? mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk gv`K`ªe¨ Drcv`b,
L. AvBb gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K eywS‡q cwienb I msi¶Y msµvšÍ Z_¨ cª`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv
†j‡Lv| AvBb-k…sLjv i¶vKvix evwnbx‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z
M. Aiæ‡Yi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb AvBbwU cv‡i| Avevi, gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi cªfve m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ
cª‡hvR¨— e¨vL¨v K‡iv| cªPvig~jK Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g RbmvaviY‡K m‡PZb
N. D³ AvBb ev¯Íevq‡b mgvRKg©xi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z gv`Kvmw³ A‡bKvs‡k K‡g
K‡iv| Avm‡e|
9 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi DÏxc‡Ki GKv`k †kªwYi QvÎ AiæY gv`K MªnY ïiæ
K. mgv‡R emevm Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K †hmKj wewa-weavb Kivq Zvi Rxeb ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| gv`‡Ki GB
†g‡b Pj‡Z nq, †m¸‡jvi mgwó‡K AvBb e‡j| Ae¯’v hye mgvR‡K aŸs‡mi c‡_ wb‡q hv‡e| GRb¨
L. AvB‡bi gva¨‡g gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPvi-AvPiY miKvi 'gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k-1989' Rvwi
wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kbbv, AvBb n‡jv mve©‡fŠg KZ©…c¶ K‡i‡Q| Avi G mgvRKg©xiv Dc‡ivwjøwLZfv‡e GB
KZ©…K Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci cÖYxZ wewa-weavb| AvBb ev¯Íevq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i |
AvBb f½ Ki‡j gvbyl‡K kvw¯Í †c‡Z nq| GRb¨ gvbyl
AvB‡bi cwicš’x †Kv‡bv AvPiY ev KvR Kiv †_‡K
10. cª‡dmi Iqv‡R` ˆ`wbK Le‡ii KvMR cowQ‡jb| cªPwjZ AvB‡b wePvi bv K‡i wkï AvB‡bi Aax‡b
GKwU msev` Zvi gb‡K fxlYfv‡e bvov †`q| Bgivb wePvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hb Zviv Zv‡`i PwiÎ ms‡kva‡bi
9g †kªwYi QvÎ| Zvi gv evev Zvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi my‡hvM cvq |
my‡hvM-myweav cª`vb K‡i‡Qb| evev-gv Zv‡`i N. evsjv‡`k wkï AvBb-1974 Gi AvIZvq Bgiv‡bi
Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi Rb¨ Bgivb‡K mgq w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| eÜy‡`i wePvi Kiv hv‡e| wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i
Bgivb Zvi eÜy‡`i wb‡q mgq KvUvq| GKw`b GKwU ms‡kvab I cybe©vm‡b wkï AvB‡bi AvB‡bi Zvrch©
`vwg †gvevBj †m‡Ui Rb¨ eÜyiv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| I ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
†LvuR wb‡q Rvbv hvq, Zviv mevB eLv‡U I gv`Kvm³ evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡`i †ndvRZ, msi¶Y, Zv‡`i m‡½
wQj| nZ¨vKvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡`i eqm Kg _vKvq AvPiY Ges wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i wePvi kvw¯Í I
cªPwjZ AvB‡b Zv‡`i wePvi Kiv hv‡”Q bv| AcivacªeYZv ms‡kva‡b we‡kl e¨e¯’v cªeZ©‡bi
K. gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Aa¨v‡`k K‡e M…nxZ nq? j‡¶¨ 1974 mv‡j wkï AvBb cªYxZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki
L. gymwjg cvwievwiK Aa¨v‡`k 1961-Gi cªavb wkï wbh©vZb Ges wK‡kvi Aciva cªeYZv e…w×i
D‡Ïk¨ Kx wQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| †cª¶vc‡U Av‡jvP¨ AvBbwU we‡kl Zvrch© enb
M. nZ¨vKvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I Bgiv‡bi eÜy‡`i cªPwjZ Ki‡Q|
AvB‡b wePvi Kiv hv‡”Q bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| Av‡jvP¨ wkï AvBb wK‡kvi Acivax‡`i Aciva
N. †h AvB‡b Bgiv‡bi eÜy‡`i wePvi Kiv hv‡e, †m cªeYZv ms‡kva‡bi †¶‡Î we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡Q| G
AvB‡bi Zvrch© I ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki| AvB‡bi AvIZvq MvRxcy‡ii U½x I †Kvbvevwo‡Z
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Avjv`vfv‡e wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Dbœqb †K›`ª cªwZôv Kiv
K. 1990 mv‡ji 2iv Rvbyqvwi gv`K `ªe¨ wbqš¿Y n‡q‡Q| GQvov h‡kv‡iI wK‡kvi Dbœqb †K›`ª cªwZwôZ
Aa¨v‡`k M…nxZ nq| n‡q‡Q| GB †K›`ª¸‡jv wK‡kvi Av`vjZ, wK‡kvi
L. gymwjg weevn I cvwievwiK AvBb m¤ú‡K© MwVZ nvRZ Ges ms‡kvab cªwZôv‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
Kwgk‡bi wKQy mycvwi‡ki cªwZ Kvh©KvwiZv cª`v‡bi wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k †h nv‡i wK‡kvi Aciva cªeYZv e…w×
D‡Ï‡k¨ gymwjg cvwievwiK Aa¨v‡`k 1961 cªYxZ cv‡”Q, †m Abycv‡Z 1974 mv‡ji wkï AvB‡bi
nq| ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q bv| Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q wkï AvBb
bvixi gh©v`v msi¶Y, AwaKvi Av`vq, cvwievwiK Kvh©Kifv‡e cª‡qv‡Mi cª‡qvRbxq cªkvmwbK e¨e¯’v
myL-kvwšÍ i¶v Ges GwZg wkï‡`i DËivwaKvi wbwðZ MªnY Qvov wK‡kvi Aciva mgm¨v †gvKvwejv Kiv m¤¢e
Kiv wQj GB Aa¨v‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| †Kbbv bq| Z‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi h_vh_ e¨e¯’v Mªn‡Yi Afv‡e
AZx‡Z eûweevn, ZvjvK, fiY‡cvlY, AvBbwU wK‡kvi Aciva ms‡kva‡b cªZ¨vkvbyhvqx
DËivwaKvi cªf…wZ wel‡q †ek AmvgÄm¨ wQj| G f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶g n‡”Q bv| D‡jøL¨ wkï AvBb-
mKj AmvgÄm¨ `~i KivB 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg 1974 Gi `ye©jZv I mxgve×Zvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z AvBbwU
cvwievwiK Aa¨v‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| iwnZ K‡i wkï AvBb-2013 wk‡ivbv‡g bZyb AvBb
M. nZ¨vKvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I eqm Kg nIqvq cªPwjZ AvB‡b cªYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e 1974 mv‡ji AvBbwUi ¸iæZ¡
Bgiv‡bi eÜy‡`i wePvi Kiv hv‡”Q bv| I Zvrch©‡K G‡Kev‡i A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
1974 mv‡ji wkï AvBb Abyhvqx, 16 eQ‡ii Kg eq¯‹
†Q‡j-‡g‡q wkï e‡j AwfwnZ n‡e| G eqm mxgvi
†Q‡j-‡g‡q hw` GKK ev `je×fv‡e †Kv‡bv Aciva
K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K cªPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx wePvi Kiv
hv‡e bv| Zv‡`i‡K wkï AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b wePvi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
wK‡kvi Acivaxiv mvaviYZ †Svu‡Ki e‡k Aciva K‡i
_v‡K| ZvB wePv‡ii mgq Zv‡`i‡K eq¯‹ Acivax‡`i
†_‡K `~i †i‡L kvw¯Í bv w`‡q Zv‡`i PwiÎ ms‡kva‡bi
e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K cwieZ©b
Kivi my‡hvM †c‡q mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z
cv‡i| Zv bv n‡j Zviv cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv fq¼i
Acivax n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡Y Bgiv‡bi eÜy‡`i