Class notes

Reading class

• a. treasure = ‫ٮﺰ‬#‫ﻛ‬
• b. potential = ‫ٮﻤﻞ‬,‫ ﻣﺤ‬/ ‫ٮ)ٮﺔ‬#‫إﻣﲀ‬
• c. genuine = ‫ ﺻﺎدق‬/ ‫ى‬3 ‫ڡ‬,‫ڡ)ٮ‬,‫ﺣ‬
• d. personalize = ‫ﺤﺼﺺ‬ # )‫ٮ‬
• 3 ‫ڡ‬#‫ إﺿﺎ‬/ ‫ى‬
e. spare = ‫ى‬ 3 ‫ٮ)ٮﺎط‬,‫اﺣ‬
• f. add up = ‫ٮراﻛﻢ‬,) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮ )زيﺪ‬
• g. route = ‫ ﻣﺴﺎر‬/ ‫ﻃريﻖ‬
• ّ J ‫ٮ )ُﻮ‬
h. navigate = ‫ڡﻞ‬,‫ٮ‬#‫ٮ‬,) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ﺣﻪ‬

:‫ٮﺎت‬J‫ﺣﺎ‬J‫اﻹ‬
1. g. route — the way to get from one place to another ‫روت‬
2. e. spare — extra ‫ٮ)ٮﺮ‬J‫ﺳ‬
3. b. potential — possible 3 ‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﻮ‬J
‫ٮﺸﻞ‬#) ‫ى ٮ‬
4. d. personalize — to make one’s own; to make for oneself. ‫ٮﺮﺳﻦ ﻻٮ )ﺰ‬J
# ,‫ٮ‬
‫ﺤﺼ)ٮﺺ‬
5. a. treasure — something that is valued highly. ‫راﺷﺮ‬,‫ٮ‬
6. f. add up — to increase
7. h. navigate — to plan a path or direction, to find a way ‫ڡ)ٮﺖ‬,‫ڡ‬#‫ٮﺎ‬#
8. c. genuine — real, honest ‫ﺣﻦ ٮ )ون‬J

Lingered ‫ڡﺎء‬,‫ٮ‬J‫ڡﺮد اﻟ‬,‫ٮ‬#‫ﻟ‬

Mockery ‫ﺤريﻪ ﻣﺎﺷري‬ # ‫اﻟﺴ‬
Rendezvous ‫ڡﻮ‬#) ‫ﻣﻮﻋﺪ ران دٮ‬
Detachment ‫ڡﻪ‬#‫ڡﻊ أو ﻣﺴﺎ‬,‫ٮ‬#‫ٮ‬,‫ﻣﺴ‬

Suppressed ‫ٮﻮت‬J‫ﻣﻜ‬
1. Assume ‫ڡ&ٮﺮض‬$" ‫ ٮ‬I assume you ْ َ‫أ‬
‫ﺳ"ٮُﻮم‬
will come on
time.
2. In ‫ى‬2 ‫ڡ‬$ ‫إ ِن‬
2. In ‫ى‬2 ‫ڡ‬$ The book is in ‫إ ِن‬
the bag.
3. Surveying / ‫ﺣراء ﻣﺴﺢ‬7‫ إ‬He is surveying‫ ْٮﻎ‬$ ‫ف"ٮِي‬C‫ﺳﺮ‬ ِ
‫ اﺳ&ٮﻄﻼع‬the area.
4. Compile ‫ ٮ "ﻜّون‬/ ‫ﺤﻤﻊ‬7" ‫ ٮ‬They compile‫ٮﺎٮ "ﻞ‬O‫ﻛ ُﻤ‬
data from
different
sources.
5. Conventions / ‫ ٮ&&ڡﺎﻟ"ٮﺪ‬/ ‫ أﻋراف‬Social ‫ٮﺰ‬$‫ﺸ‬ ِ ‫ٮ‬$‫ ِڡ"ٮ‬Y ‫ٮ‬$ُ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ ﻣﺆٮ&ﻤرات‬conventions are
different here.
6. Fabrics ‫ أ&ڡﻤﺸﺔ‬She bought‫ٮْﺮ ِﻛﺲ‬7‫ڡﺎ‬$
some colorful
fabrics.
7. Forecasts ‫ ٮ&ﻮ&ڡﻌﺎت )اﻟﻄ&ڡﺲ‬The weather ‫ڡورﰷﺳ&ٮﺲ‬$
(‫ أو اﻟﺴوق‬forecasts rain
tomorrow.
8. Retailers ّ 7 &‫ ٮ‬Retailers sell
‫ﺤﺰﺋﺔ‬7‫ﺤﺎر اﻟ&ٮ‬ ‫ري&ٮِ"ٮﻠَرز‬
products to
customers.
9. Factors ‫ﻋواﻣﻞ‬ ‫ڡﺎﻛْ&ٮَرز‬$ Many factors
affect success.
10. Regard to ‫ڡ"ٮﻤﺎ‬$ / ‫ٮﺔ ﻟـ‬7‫ٮﺴ‬$‫ٮﺎﻟ‬7 With regard ‫د ٮ& ُﻮ‬to
‫ﻋﺎر‬$ِ ‫ر‬
‫ٮـ‬7 ‫ ٮ "&ٮﻌﻠﻖ‬your question,
yes.
َ
11. Admits ‫ ٮ "ﺴﻤﺢ‬/ ‫ ٮ "ﻌ&ٮﺮف‬He admits‫ﺲ‬ he‫أْدِﻣ &ْٮ‬
‫ﺣول‬$‫ٮﺎﻟﺪ‬7 was wrong.
1. Pursue. ‫ٮﺮﺳﻮ‬J
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): to try to get or do something you want
1. Pursue. ‫ٮﺮﺳﻮ‬J
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): to try to get or do something you want
‫ٮ )ﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺼول ﻋﲆ ﳾء أو ﻫﺪف‬
• Noun: Pursuit → the action of trying to get something
‫ى وراء ﳾء‬
3 ‫اﻟﺴع‬
• He wants to pursue his dream.
.‫ﻫﻮ ٮ )ريﺪ أن ٮ )ﺴﻌﻰ وراء ﺣﻠﻤﻪ‬

2. Inspiring
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: makes people feel excited or hopeful
3 ‫ ٮ )ﻌط‬،‫ٮﺎس‬#‫ٮ )ُﻠﻬﻢ اﻟ‬
‫ى ﺣﻤﺎس‬
• Verb: Inspire → to give someone a good idea or feeling
# ‫ٮ )ُﻠﻬﻢ ﺷ‬
‫ﺤﺺ‬
• Noun: Inspiration → the feeling or thing that inspires you
‫إﻟﻬﺎم‬
• Her story is inspiring.
.‫ٮﻬﺎ ُﻣﻠﻬﻤﺔ‬,‫ڡﺼ‬,

3. Misled (past of “mislead”). ‫ ﻣﺴﻼد‬Mislead ‫ﻣﺴﻠ)ٮﺪ‬

• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): to make someone believe something wrong
‫ﺤﺪع أو ٮ )ُﻀﻠﻞ‬
# )‫ٮ‬
• Adjective: Misleading → not true or confusing
‫ﺣﺎدع أو ُﻣﻀﻠﻞ‬#
• The sign misled us.
.‫ٮﺎ‬#‫ٮ‬,‫ٮﺔ ﺿلّﻠ‬,‫ڡ‬#‫اﻟﻼ‬

4. Glamorous
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: beautiful, fashionable in a fancy way
‫ڡﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﺮة‬,‫ٮﻄري‬J ‫ٮ)ٮﻖ‬#‫ﺣﻤ)ٮﻞ أو أ‬J
• Noun: Glamour → the beauty or charm
‫ﺤﻤﺎل‬J‫ﺳﺤﺮ اﻟ‬
• She wore a glamorous dress.
.‫ٮ)ٮﻖ وﺳﺎﺣﺮ‬#‫ٮﺎن أ‬,‫ڡﺴ‬# ‫ٮﺴﺔ‬J‫ٮﺖ ﻻ‬#‫ﰷ‬
⸻

5. Collaborating
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): working together
‫ٮﻌﺎون‬,) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun: Collaboration → teamwork
‫ﻌﺎون‬,‫ٮ‬
• Adjective: Collaborative → working with others
3 ‫ٮ‬#‫ﻌﺎو‬,‫ٮ‬
‫ى‬
• We are collaborating on a school project.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ٮﻌﺎون‬,‫ٮ‬#
.‫ى ﻣﺸروع ﻣﺪرﳼ‬

6. Appeqling. ‫ٮﻖ‬#‫ٮيﻠ)ٮ‬J‫ا‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: attractive or interesting
‫ڡﺖ‬#‫ﺣّﺬاب أو ﻣﻠ‬J
• Verb: Appeal → to ask or to attract
‫ﺤﺬب‬J) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮﺎﺷﺪ‬#) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun: Appeal → the request or charm
‫ٮﺎﺷﺪة‬#‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ﺣﺎذ‬J
• That idea is really appealing.
.ً ‫ڡﻌﻼ‬# ‫ٮﺔ‬J‫ﺣّﺬا‬J ‫ڡﻜﺮة‬#‫اﻟ‬

7. As (meaning: because)
• Conjunction (‫ٮﻂ‬J‫)أداة ر‬: means “because”
”‫ﻌﲏ “ﻷن‬,‫ٮ‬
• As it’s late, we should sleep.
.‫ٮﺎم‬#‫ٮ‬# ‫ ﻻزم‬،‫ﺣﺮ‬#‫ٮﺄ‬,‫ڡﺖ ﻣ‬,‫ٮﻪ اﻟﻮ‬#‫ﻷ‬

8. Promote
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): to help something grow or get better
‫ٮ )رّوج أو ٮ )ُﻄّور‬
• Noun: Promotion → a raise in job or advertisement
‫رويﺞ‬,‫ڡ)ٮﺔ أو ٮ‬,‫ﺮ‬,‫ٮ‬
 ‫رويﺞ‬,‫ڡ)ٮﺔ أو ٮ‬,‫ﺮ‬,‫ٮ‬
• Adjective: Promotional → related to promotion
3 ‫ح‬J‫روي‬,‫ٮ‬
‫ى‬
• She was promoted at work.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ ّڡﺖ‬, ‫ﺮ‬,‫ٮ‬
.‫ٮﻬﺎ‬,‫ڡ‬#‫ﻃ)ٮ‬#‫ى و‬

9. Hesitate. ‫)ٮﺪ‬,‫ﻫﺎزٮ‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): to stop before doing something
‫ٮﺮدد‬,) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun: Hesitation → the act of stopping
‫ﺮّدد‬,‫ٮ‬
• Adjective: Hesitant → not sure
‫ٮﺮدد‬,‫ﻣ‬
• Don’t hesitate to ask.
.‫ﺴﺄل‬,‫تﺮدد ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ‬

10. Point out

• Verb phrase (‫ڡﻌﻠ)ٮﺔ‬# ‫ٮﺎرة‬J‫)ﻋ‬: to show or explain
‫ ٮ )ﻮﺿﺢ‬/ ‫ٮ )ﺸ)ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
• He pointed out my mistake.
.‫ﺣﻄﺄي‬# ‫أﺷﺎر إﻟﻰ‬

11. Fierce (slang use for women: powerful, stylish)

• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: amazing, strong, confident (for women)
‫ڡﺔ‬,‹‫ واٮ‬،‫ڡويﺔ‬, ،‫راﺋﻌﺔ‬
• Noun: Fierceness → strong quality
‫ ﺷراﺳﺔ‬/ ‫ڡﻮة‬,
• She looks fierce in that outfit!
!‫ٮﺲ‬J‫ٮﻬﺬا اﻟﻠ‬J ‫ٮﺪو راﺋﻌﺔ‬J,‫ٮ‬

⸻
12. Staying power
• Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬: ability to continue for a long time
‫ٮﺮ‬J‫ٮﻤرار أو اﻟﺼ‬,‫ڡﺪرة ﻋﲆ اﻻﺳ‬,‫اﻟ‬
• She has staying power in her career.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ﻜﻤﻞ‬,‫ڡﺪرة ٮ‬,‫ٮﺮ و‬J‫ٮﺪﻫﺎ ﺻ‬#‫ﻋ‬
.‫ى ﺷ•ﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫( اﻷﺻﻠ)ٮﺔ‬Verb)‫ﻞﺔ‬
‫ڡﻢ‬#‫ﻌ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬
‫ﺼ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ڡ‬#‫اﻟﻻ‬
(Adjective
(Adverb
(Noun)
Species Species
(‫ٮوع‬$)
Indefinitely Indefinite- Indefinitely
Indefinite
ness (‫ﻋﺪ"ٮدﺮ‬$‫ﺣﻣﻞﺤ‬7‫ﻰﻋ"ٮأﺮ‬
$ )‫إﻟ‬
(‫ٮﻬﺎٮ "ﺔ‬$‫)اﻟﻼ‬ ‫)ﻣ ﺴ ﻤ ﻰ‬
Rate Rate (‫)ﻣﻌﺪل‬ Rate (‫)ٮ "&ڡ"ٮّﻢ‬ Rated
(‫ )ُﻣ & َڡ"ٮَّﻢ‬/
Unrated
Critically Critic / Critically
Criticize
Critical
Criticism ‫ٮ&ڡ&ٮﺪ&ڡي‬$" ‫ٮ‬$ )/‫ﻞ‬
(‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣركج‬
‫ٮ)ﺸ‬7)
(‫ٮ&ڡﺪ‬$/‫ٮﺎ&ڡﺪ‬$)
Imminent Imminence Imminent
(‫)اﻟﻮﺷﻮك‬ (‫)وﺷ"ٮﻚ‬
Markedly Mark Mark (/‫ٮ "ُﻌلّﻢ‬ Markedly
Marked
(‫ )ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬/ ‫)ٮ "ُﺸ"ٮﺮ‬ (‫ﺢ‬
‫ٮواﺸﺿكﻞ‬7)
Markedness ‫)ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬
Declining Decline Declining
Decline
(‫ڡﺎض‬$‫ﺤ‬$‫ٮ‬$‫)ا‬ ‫ٮﺎﺪ&ڡﻫور‬$& ‫)ٮ "ﻣ&ٮ‬
(‫ﺺ‬
Culprits Culprit
(‫ٮﺐ‬$‫ﻣﺬ‬/‫ى‬2 ‫ٮ‬$‫ﺣﺎ‬7)
Exploiting Exploitation Exploitative
Exploit
(‫)اﺳ&ٮ•ﻌﻼل‬ (‫)ٮ "ﺴ&ٮ•ﻌﻞ‬
Exploiting Exploitation Exploitative
Exploit
(‫)اﺳ&ٮ•ﻌﻼل‬ (‫ى‬ ‫ﺴ&ٮﻼ •ل‬
‫ﻞ‬2 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳٮ "&ٮ•ﻌ‬
) ‫)ا‬
Intentionally Intention (‫ٮوي‬$" ‫)ٮ‬
Intentionally
Intend
Intentional
(‫ٮ"ٮﺔ‬$) ‫)ﻋ)ﻦﻣ&ٮ&ڡﻌﺼ‬
(‫ﻤﺪ‬
Thrived Thrive Thrive Thriving
(‫)اﻻزدﻫﺎر‬ (‫– )ٮ "ﺰدﻫﺮ‬ (‫)ﻣﺰدﻫﺮ‬
Thrived
(‫)ﻣﺎﴈ‬
Overwhelm Overwhelm Overwhelm
Overwhelm-
(‫ٮﺎك‬7‫)اﻹر‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬$‫ٮﺸ)ك‬7
(‫ٮﻚ‬7‫ﻞﻣ()ﺮٮ "(ر‬
ing
ingly
‫ﺳﺎﺣﻖ‬
By

# Word Type (‫ٮوع‬# ‫اﻟﻤﻌﲎ‬

English
‫)اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J
Meaning
1 Species Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬ A group of ‫ڡﺼ"ٮﻠﺔ‬$ ‫ٮوع أو‬$
similar living ‫ٮﺎت‬$‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﲀﺋ‬
organisms ‫اﻟﺤ"ٮﺔ‬
that can
reproduce
2 Indefinitely Adverb For an ‫ﻋ"ٮﺮ‬$ ‫ﺣﻞ‬7‫إﻟﻰ أ‬
(‫)ﺣﺎل‬ unlimited or ‫ٮﺪون‬7 / ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻰ‬
unknown ‫ٮ&ﺤﺪٮ "ﺪ زﻣﲏ‬
amount of
time
3 Rate Noun / Verb ‫ﺪل‬Speed
(n): ‫)اﺳﻢ( ﻣﻌ‬
(‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$ / ‫)اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ڡﻌ‬$) ‫أو وٮ&"ٮﺮة‬
(‫ﻞ‬frequency
or
‫ٮﻒ‬$‫ٮ "&ڡ"ٮﻢ أو ٮ "ﺼ‬
of
something(v
): To judge
or evaluate
 ): To judge
or evaluate
4 Critically Adverb In a way that / ‫ﺣﻄ"ٮﺮ‬$ ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬7
(‫)ﺣﺎل‬ shows ‫ٮ&ڡﺪي‬$ ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬7
serious
judgment;
very
seriously
5 Imminent Adjective ‫وﺷ"ٮﻚ‬
About to
(‫ڡﺔ‬$‫)ﺻ‬ ‫ ﻋﲆ‬/ ‫وث‬very
happen ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬
soon ‫وﺷﻚ أن‬
‫ٮ "ﺤﺪث‬
6 Markedly Adverb In a way that ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬7
(‫)ﺣﺎل‬ is very / ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬
noticeable ‫ﻃﺎه‬$ ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬7

# Word Type (‫ٮوع‬# English ‫اﻟﻤﻌﲎ‬

‫)اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬ Meaning ‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J
7 Declining Adjective / 2 ‫ڡ‬$ / ‫ٮﺎ&ڡﺺ‬$‫ٮ "&ٮ‬
‫ى‬
Becoming
Verb (/ ‫ڡﺔ‬$‫ﺻ‬ ‫ٮ&ﺪﻫور أو‬or
smaller ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$) weaker‫ض‬/‫ڡﺎ‬$‫ﺤ‬$‫ٮ‬$‫ا‬
Going down
8 Culprits Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬ People or / ‫ٮﺎة‬$‫ﺤ‬7‫اﻟ‬
things ‫اﻟﻤﺴؤوﻟون ﻋﻦ‬
responsible ‫ﻣﺸكﻠﺔ أو‬
for a ‫ﺣريﻤﺔ‬7
problem or
crime
9 Exploiting Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$) Using/ ‫اﺳ&ٮ•ﻌﻼل‬
‫ﺤﺪام‬$‫اﺳ&ٮ‬
something
or someone
 / ‫اﺳ&ٮ•ﻌﻼل‬
‫ﺤﺪام‬$‫اﺳ&ٮ‬
something
‫ﻋ"ٮﺮ‬$ ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬7
or someone
‫ﻋﺎدل‬
unfairly for
your own
benefit
10 Intentionally Adverb Done on / ‫ﻋﻦ &ڡﺼﺪ‬
(‫)ﺣﺎل‬ purpose; ‫ﻋﻤًﺪا‬
deliberately
11 Thrived Verb (– ‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$ Grew ‫ٮ‬$ / ‫ازدﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬or
‫)اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬ ‫ﺤﺢ‬7‫ٮ‬$ / ‫ٮ&ڡﻮة‬7
developed
well;
succeeded
12 Overwhelm Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$) To/ ‫ٮﻚ‬7‫ ٮ "ر‬/ ‫ٮ "•ﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫ٮ "ﻄ•ﻌﻰ ﻋﻞ‬
overpower
emotionally
or
physically;
to give too
much to
handle

‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ٮوع‬#‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﲎاﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﲀل‬ ‫اأﻟﺷﻤﻌ‬

‫)ٮ‬3 ‫ٮﻠ‬J‫ﺤ‬
‫ىزي‬ ‫ر‬J ‫ﻌ‬
‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺎﻟﻹ‬J
Conduct Verb / Noun To do or / (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$) ‫ﺤري‬7ُ" ‫ ٮ‬conduct (v),
carry out (‫ ﺳﻠﻮك )اﺳﻢ‬conduct (n),
(v) / conductor
behavior (n) (n)
Frail Adjective Weak, not ‫ ﺿﻌ"ٮﻒ أو ﻫﺶ‬frail (adj),
strong frailty (n)
Ethical Adjective Related to 2 & ‫ﺣﻼڡ‬$‫أ‬
‫ى‬
Ethical Adjective Related to 2 & ‫ﺣﻼڡ‬$‫ أ‬ethical (adj),
‫ى‬
what is right ethics (n),
or wrong ethically
(adv)
Considera- ‫ڡﻜ"ٮﺮ‬$&‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ﻣراﻋﺎة‬
considera-
Careful
Noun
tion thought
tion (n),‫ٮﺎٮ "ﺔ‬$‫ٮﻌ‬7
about
consider (v),
something
considerate
(adj)
Likely Adjective / Probably ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤ&ٮﻤﻞ‬likely (adj/
Adverb going to adv),
happen likelihood
(n), unlikely
(adj)
Worthwhile Adjective Valuable or ‫ ذو‬/ ‫ ٮ "ﺴ&ٮﺤﻖ‬worthwhile
important ‫( &ڡ"ٮﻤﺔ‬adj)
enough to
do
Seek out Phrasal verb To look for / ‫ٮﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬7" ‫ ٮ‬seek (v),
something ‫ ٮ "ﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﴚء‬seeking (n/
or someone adj)
Sanctuary Noun Safe place ‫ ﻣﲀن‬/ ‫ﺤﺄ‬7‫ ﻣﻠ‬sanctuary
or ‫( آﻣﻦ‬n)
protection
Abundance Noun A large ‫ ﻛﻤ"ٮﺔ‬/ ‫ڡﺮة‬$‫ و‬abundance
amount of ‫ٮ"ٮﺮة‬7‫( ﻛ‬n),
something abundant
(adj)
Stock Noun / Verb Supply of ‫ﺤزن‬$" ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ﺤزون‬$‫ﻣ‬
something
Stock Noun / Verb Supply of ‫ﺤزن‬$" ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ﺤزون‬$‫ ﻣ‬stock (n),
something stock (v),
(n) / to keep stocked
goods (v) (adj)
Wages Noun Money paid ‫ راٮ&ﺐ‬/ ‫ﺣﺮ‬7‫ أ‬wages (n),
for work wage (v –
formal/rare),
waged (adj)
Layers Noun Different ‫ٮ&ڡﺎت‬7‫ ﻃ‬layer (n),
(plural) levels or layered
parts on top (adj),
of each layering (n)
other

‫ٮوع اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬# 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫لﲎ اﻟﻌر‬

‫ى‬ ‫اﻣﻟ‹ٮﻤﺎﻌ‬
Conduct ‫ اﺳﻢ‬/ ‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$ The teacher
/ (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬$) ‫ي‬will
‫ﺤر‬7ُ" ‫ٮ‬
(‫ﺳﻢ‬a‫)ا‬test.
conduct ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬
Frail ‫ڡﺔ‬$‫ ﺻ‬My ‫ ﻫﺶ‬/ ‫ﺿﻌ"ٮﻒ‬
grandmother is
frail.
Ethical ‫ى‬2 & ‫ﺣﻼڡ‬$‫أ‬
‫ڡﺔ‬$‫ ﺻ‬It’s not ethical
to lie.
Consideration ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ڡﻜ"ٮﺮ‬$&‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ ﻣراﻋﺎة‬Show
‫ٮﺎٮ "ﺔ‬$‫ٮﻌ‬7 consideration
for others.

1. Assessed
• English: judged or evaluated something
• ‫ڡﺪٮ )ﺮه‬,,‫ڡ)ٮيﻤﻪ أو ٮ‬,,‫ﻢ ٮ‬,‫ ٮ‬:‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: assess – ‫ڡ)ٮّﻢ‬,ُ) ‫ٮ‬
 • Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: assess – ‫ڡ)ٮّﻢ‬,ُ) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: assessment – ‫ڡ)ٮيﻢ‬,,‫ٮ‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: assessable – ‫ڡ)ٮيﻤﻪ‬,,‫ٮ )ﻤﻜﻦ ٮ‬

Example: The teacher assessed the students’ essays carefully.

.‫ٮﺎٮ )ﺔ‬#‫ٮﻌ‬J ‫ڡﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﻼب‬,‫ڡ)ٮّﻢ ﻣ‬, ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬

2. Boost
• English: to increase or improve something
• 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
‫ ٮ )ﻌزز أو ٮ )زيﺪ ﻣﻦ ﳾء‬:‫ى‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: boost – ‫ٮ )ﻌزز‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: boost – ‫ﻌزيﺰ‬,‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ڡﻌﺔ‬#‫د‬
• Adjective: ‫ڡﺔ ﻣﺸﻬورة ﻟﻠكﻠﻤﺔ‬#‫ﺣﺪ ﺻ‬J‫ﻮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ‬

Example: Exercise can boost your energy.

.‫ٮﻚ‬,‫ڡ‬,‫ﻌزز ﻃﺎ‬,‫اﻟريﺎﺿﺔ ٮ )ﻤﻜﻦ أن ٮ‬

3. Leisure
• English: free time when you’re not working
• ‫ڡراغ‬#‫ڡﺖ اﻟ‬,‫ و‬:‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: leisure – ‫ڡراغ‬# ‫ڡﺖ‬,‫و‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: leisurely – ‫ﺎح‬,‫ﻣﺮٮ‬/‫ٮﻂء‬J‫ٮ‬J
• # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ )ُﺴ‬
Verb: ‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫ﺤﺪم ﻛ‬

Example: I like reading during my leisure time.

3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ڡراءة‬,‫أﺣﺐ اﻟ‬
3 ‫ع‬#‫ڡرا‬# ‫ڡﺖ‬,‫ى و‬
.‫ى‬

4. Shallow
• English: not deep
• ‫ﻋ)ٮﺮ ﻋﻤ)ٮﻖ‬# / ‫ ﺿﺤﻞ‬:‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: shallow – ‫ﺿﺤﻞ‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: shallowness – ‫ﺳﻄﺤ)ٮﺔ‬
• # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ )ُﺴ‬
Verb: ‫ڡﻌﻞ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬#‫ﺤﺪم ﻛ‬
 • # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ )ُﺴ‬
Verb: ‫ڡﻌﻞ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬#‫ﺤﺪم ﻛ‬

Example: The water is too shallow to swim in.

.‫ٮﺎﺣﺔ‬J‫ﺣﺪا ً ﻟﻠﺴ‬J ‫اﻟﻤﺎء ﺿﺤﻞ‬

5. Immersed
• English: deeply involved in something
• 3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ٮ•ﻌﻤﺲ‬#‫ ﻣ‬:‫ى‬
‫ڡ)ٮﻪ‬# ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬/ ‫ى ﳾء‬ 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: immerse – ‫ٮ•ﻌﻤﺲ‬#) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: immersion – ‫ٮ•ﻌﻤﺎس‬#‫اﻻ‬
• Adjective: immersed – ‫ٮ•ﻌﻤﺲ‬#‫ ﻣ‬/ immersive – ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬#

Example: She was immersed in her book.

3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ٮ•ﻌﻤﺴﺔ‬#‫ٮﺖ ﻣ‬#‫ﰷ‬
.‫ٮﻬﺎ‬J‫ٮﺎ‬,‫ى ﻛ‬

6. Distractions
• English: things that take your attention away
• 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
‫ٮﺎه‬J‫ٮ‬,‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺖ اﻻ‬,‫ﺸ‬,‫ اﻷﺷ)ٮﺎء اﻟﱵ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮتﺎت‬,‫ اﻟﻤﺸ‬:‫ى‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: distraction – ‫ٮ)ٮﺖ‬,‫ﺸ‬,‫ ٮ‬/ ‫إﻟﻬﺎء‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: distract – ‫ٮﺖ‬,‫ٮ )ُﺸ‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: distracting – ‫ٮّﺖ‬,‫ﻣﺸ‬

Example: Turn off your phone to avoid distractions.

.‫ٮتﺎت‬,‫ٮﺐ اﻟﻤﺸ‬#‫ﺤ‬J‫ٮ‬,‫ڡﻚ ﻟ‬#,‫ﻋﻠﻖ ﻫﺎٮ‬#‫أ‬

7. Adolescence
• English: the time when a person is a teenager
• ‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤراﻫ‬:‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: adolescence – ‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ﻣراﻫ‬
• 3 ‫ڡ‬,‫ ﻣراﻫ‬/ ‫ﻣراﻫﻖ‬
Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: adolescent – ‫ى‬
• # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ )ُﺴ‬
Verb: ‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫ﺤﺪم ﻛ‬

Example: Adolescence is a time of change.

.‫ٮ•ﻌ)ٮيﺮ‬,‫ڡﺖ اﻟ‬,‫ى و‬
3 ‫ڡﺔ ه‬,‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤراﻫ‬
 .‫ٮ•ﻌ)ٮيﺮ‬,‫ڡﺖ اﻟ‬,‫ى و‬
3 ‫ڡﺔ ه‬,‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤراﻫ‬

8. Engaging
• English: interesting and attracting your attention
• ‫ٮﻊ‬,‫ ﻣﻤ‬/ ‫ﺣّﺬاب‬J :‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: engaging – ‫ﺣﺬاب‬J
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: engage – ‫ﺤﺬب‬J) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮ )ﺸﺎرك‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: engagement – ‫ٮﺎط‬J,‫ ارٮ‬/ ‫ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬

Example: The movie was really engaging.

.‫ٮ ًﺎ‬J‫ﺣﺬا‬J‫ٮًﻌﺎ و‬,‫ڡ)ٮﻠﻢ ﻣﻤ‬#‫ﰷن اﻟ‬

9. Pay off
• English: to be successful or to bring good results
• 3 ‫ٮ‬,‫ ٮ )ُﺆ‬:‫ى‬
‫ﺤﺢ‬J‫ٮ‬#) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ى ٮ‹ﻤﺎره‬ 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: pay off – ‫ ٮ )ﺴﺪد‬/ ‫ﺤﺢ‬J‫ٮ‬#) ‫ٮ‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: payoff – ‫ڡﺄة‬#‫ ﻣﲀ‬/ ‫ﺣ)ٮﺪة‬J ‫ﺤﺔ‬J‫ٮ)ٮ‬,‫ٮ‬#
• Adjective: ‫ڡﺔ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬#‫ﺣﺪ ﺻ‬J‫ﻮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ‬

Example: All your hard work will pay off.

3 ‫ٮ‬,‫ٮﻚ ﺳﻮف ٮ )ﺆ‬J‫ﻌ‬,‫كﻞ ٮ‬
.‫ى ٮ‹ﻤﺎره‬

10. Regardless
• English: without caring about something else
• 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
‫ﻄﺮ‬#‫ٮ‬#‫ٮ•ﻌﺾ اﻟ‬J :‫ى‬
• Adverb (‫)ﺣﺎل‬: regardless – ‫ﻄﺮ‬#‫ٮ‬#‫ٮ•ﻌﺾ اﻟ‬J
• # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﺣﺪ اﺳ‬J‫ﻮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ‬
Adjective / Verb / Noun: ‫ﺣرى‬#‫ﺤﺪاﻣﺎت ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ أ‬

Example: He kept going regardless of the pain.

.‫ٮﻪ‬#‫ﻄﺮ ﻋ‬#‫ٮ‬#‫ٮ•ﻌﺾ اﻟ‬J ‫ﻋﻢ اﻷﻟﻢ‬#‫ٮﻤﺮ ر‬,‫اﺳ‬

⸻
11. Latter
• English: the second of two things mentioned
• 3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
(‫ﺣ)ٮﺮ )ﻣﻦ ﺷ)ٮﺌ)ٮﻦ‬#‫ اﻷ‬:‫ى‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: latter – ‫ﺣ)ٮﺮ‬#‫اﻷ‬
• 3 ‫ٮ‬#‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟ‹ٮﺎ‬
Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: the latter – ‫ﺣ)ٮﺮ‬#‫ى أو اﻷ‬
• # ‫ٮ‬,‫ﻻ ٮ )ُﺴ‬
Verb: ‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫ﺤﺪم ﻛ‬

Example: I prefer the latter option.

# ‫ڡﻀﻞ اﻟ‬#‫أ‬
.‫ﺣ)ٮﺮ‬#‫ﺤ)ٮﺎر اﻷ‬

12. Comprehension
• English: understanding something
• ‫ڡﻬﻢ‬#‫ اﻟ‬:‫ى‬
3 ‫ٮ‬J‫اﻟﻌر‬
• Noun (‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‬: comprehension – ‫ڡﻬﻢ‬#
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#‫)اﻟ‬: comprehend – ‫ڡﻬﻢ‬#) ‫ٮ‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)اﻟﺼ‬: comprehensible – ‫ڡﻬﻢ‬#‫ٮﻞ ﻟﻠ‬J‫ڡﺎ‬, / comprehensive – ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

Example: Listening comprehension is hard for some learners.

.‫ٮﻌﻠﻤ)ٮﻦ‬,‫ٮﻌﺾ اﻟﻤ‬J‫ٮﻤﺎع ﺻﻌﺐ ﻟ‬,‫ڡﻬﻢ اﻻﺳ‬#

1. Affluent
‫ ٮ‹ري‬/ ‫ﻋﲏ‬# :‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J •
.Having a lot of money and a comfortable life :‫ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‬J‫ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‬J‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺎﻹ‬J •
:‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ٮ‬,‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‬ •
• Affluence (‫ = )اﺳﻢ‬wealth, richness
• Affluent (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫ = )ﺻ‬rich

2. Sensible
‫ى‬3 ‫ڡ‬,‫ٮﻄ‬#‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ڡﻞ‬,‫ ﻋﺎ‬:‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J •
.Showing good judgment; thinking carefully before acting :‫ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‬J‫ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‬J‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺎﻹ‬J •
:‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ٮ‬,‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‬ •
• Sense (‫ إدراك = )اﺳﻢ‬،‫ڡﻞ‬,‫ﻋ‬
 ‫•‬ ‫ﻋ‪,‬ڡﻞ‪ ،‬إدراك = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Sense‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪J‬ٮﻌ‪,‬ڡﻼ‪#‬ٮ)ٮﺔ = )ﺣﺎل( ‪Sensibly‬‬
‫•‬ ‫اﻟ‪,‬ڡﺪرة ﻋﲆ اﻟ‪#‬ڡﻬﻢ أو اﻟﺸﻌور = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Sensibility‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪3. Unforeseen‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪# :‬ﻋ)ٮﺮ ﻣ‪,‬ٮﻮ ‪ّ ,‬ڡﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.Not expected or predicted :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫‪#) = to see or know something before it happens‬ڡﻌﻞ( ‪Foresee‬‬
‫•‬ ‫ﻣ‪,‬ٮﻮ ‪َّ ,‬ڡﻊ = )ﺻ‪#‬ڡﺔ( ‪Foreseen‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪#‬ﻋ)ٮﺮ ﻣ‪,‬ٮﻮ ‪ّ ,‬ڡﻊ = )ﺻ‪#‬ڡﺔ( ‪Unforeseen‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪4. Banned‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺤ‪#‬ﻄور ‪ /‬ﻣﻤ‪#‬ٮوع‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.Not allowed; officially stopped :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫ﻣ‪#‬ٮﻊ = )اﺳﻢ‪#/‬ڡﻌﻞ( ‪Ban‬‬
‫•‬ ‫ﻣﻤ‪#‬ٮوع = )ﺻ‪#‬ڡﺔ( ‪Banned‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪5. Extravagant‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ :‬ﻣ‪J‬ٮّﺬر ‪ /‬ﻣ‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻎ ‪#‬ڡ ‪3‬‬
‫ى اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪Spending too much money or using too much of :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪.something‬‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫اﻟ‪,‬ٮ‪J‬ٮﺬٮ )ﺮ = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Extravagance‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪J‬ٮﺸكﻞ ﻣ‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻎ ‪#‬ڡ)ٮﻪ = )ﺣﺎل( ‪Extravagantly‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪6. Miserable‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪J :‬ٮﺎﺋﺲ ‪ /‬ﺣزيﻦ ‪J‬ﺣًﺪا‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.Very unhappy or uncomfortable :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
 ‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫اﻟﺤزن ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎ‪#‬ٮﺎة = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Misery‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪J‬ٮﺸكﻞ ٮ‪,‬ﻌ)ٮﺲ = )ﺣﺎل( ‪Miserably‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪7. Debts‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ :‬دٮ )ون‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.Money you owe to someone :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫َدٮ )ﻦ = )اﺳﻢ ﻣ‪#‬ڡﺮد( ‪Debt‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪#‬ﻋﺎرق ‪#‬ڡ ‪3‬‬
‫ى اﻟﺪٮ )ون = )ٮ‪,‬ﻌ‪J‬ٮ)ٮﺮ( ‪In debt‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪8. Eternal‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ :‬أ‪J‬ٮﺪي ‪ /‬داﺋﻢ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.Lasting forever, without end :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫اﻷ‪J‬ٮﺪٮ )ﺔ = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Eternity‬‬
‫•‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻷ‪J‬ٮﺪ = )ﺣﺎل( ‪Eternally‬‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪9. Vice versa‬‬

‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ :‬واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤيﺢ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪.The other way around :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋ‪J‬ٮﺎرة ٮ‹ﺎ‪J‬ٮ‪,‬ٮﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ٮ‪,‬ت•ﻌ)ٮﺮ أو ٮ‪ُ ,‬ﺼﺮف‬ ‫•‬

‫⸻‬

‫‪10. Bitter‬‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻟﻌر‪J‬ٮيﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣّﺮ )اﻟﻄﻌﻢ أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ(‬ ‫•‬
‫‪J‬ٮﺎﻹ‪#‬ٮ‪J‬ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‪J‬ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫‪(Taste) Having a sharp, strong, unpleasant taste.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪(Emotion) Feeling hurt, angry, or resentful.‬‬
‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‪,‬ٮ‪,‬ڡﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫ﻣرارة = )اﺳﻢ( ‪Bitterness‬‬
 • Bitterness (‫ﻣرارة = )اﺳﻢ‬
• Bitterly (‫ٮﻤرارة = )ﺣﺎل‬J

11. Appropriate
‫ٮﺎﺳﺐ‬#‫ ﻣ‬:‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J •
.Right or suitable for a situation :‫ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‬J‫ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‬J‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺎﻹ‬J •
:‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ٮ‬,‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‬ •
• Appropriateness (‫اﻟﻤﻼءﻣﺔ = )اﺳﻢ‬
• Appropriately (‫ٮﺎﺳﺐ = )ﺣﺎل‬#‫ٮﺸكﻞ ﻣ‬J
• (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬# ‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ) ‫ﺣﺪ أٮ‬J‫ٮ )ﻮ‬: to appropriate = ‫ٮﺔ‬#‫ﻋراض ﻣﻌ)ٮ‬#‫ى ﻋﲆ ﳾء ﻷ‬
3 ‫ٮﻮل‬,‫)ٮ )ﺴ‬

12. Integrate
ّ ‫ ٮ )ﻀ‬/ ‫ ٮ )ﺪﻣﺞ‬:‫ٮيﺔ‬J‫ٮﺎﻟﻌر‬J
‫ﻢ‬ •
.To bring things or people together to work as one :‫ٮﺴ)ٮﻄﺔ‬J‫ﺤﻠ)ٮزيﺔ اﻟ‬J‫ٮ‬#‫ٮﺎﻹ‬J •
:‫ڡﺔ‬,‫ٮ‬,‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸ‬ •
• Integration (‫اﻟﺪﻣﺞ = )اﺳﻢ‬
• ّ ‫ ﻣﻮ‬/ ‫ﻣﺪﻣوج‬
Integrated (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫ﺣﺪ = )ﺻ‬

1. Clear-cut
• English: Easy to understand; definite and without confusion.
• Arabic: ‫ڡ)ٮﻪ‬# ‫ٮﺲ‬J‫ ﻻ ﻟ‬،‫ﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‬,‫واﺿﺢ ٮ‬.
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: clear-cut
• Example: The rules were clear-cut and easy to follow.
.‫ٮﺎع‬J,‫ٮﺖ واﺿﺤﺔ وﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻻٮ‬#‫ڡواﻋﺪ ﰷ‬,‫اﻟ‬

2. Urge
• English: A strong desire or to strongly encourage someone.
• Arabic: ‫ٮﺸﺪة‬J ‫ﺼﺎ‬
ً ‫ﺤ‬ ّ ‫ڡويﺔ أو ٮ )ﺤ‬, ‫ٮﺔ‬J‫ﻋ‬#‫ر‬.
# ‫ﺚﺷ‬
• ّ ‫ٮ )ﺤ‬
Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): urge – ‫ﺚ‬
• Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬: urge – ‫ڡويﺔ‬, ‫ٮﺔ‬J‫ﻋ‬#‫ر‬
• Example (verb): I urge you to study harder.
.‫ﺤﺪ‬J‫ٮ‬J ‫ٮﺎ أﺣ‹ٮﻚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬#‫أ‬
.‫ﺤﺪ‬J‫ٮ‬J ‫ٮﺎ أﺣ‹ٮﻚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬#‫أ‬
• Example (noun): He had an urge to eat chocolate.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ڡويﺔ‬, ‫ٮﺔ‬J‫ﻋ‬#‫ٮﺖ ﻟﺪٮ )ﻪ ر‬#‫ﰷ‬
.‫ﺔ‬,‫ى أكﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛوﻻٮ‬

3. Persistent
• English: Not giving up easily; continuing for a long time.
• Arabic: ‫ڡﻒ‬,‫ﻮ‬,‫ٮﻼ ٮ‬J ‫ٮﻤﺮ‬,‫ٮﺮ أو ﻣﺴ‬J‫ﻣ‹ٮﺎ‬.
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: persistent – ‫ٮﺮ‬J‫ﻣ‹ٮﺎ‬
• Noun: persistence – ‫اﻹﺻرار‬
• Verb: persist – ‫ٮﻤﺮ‬,‫ ٮ )ﺴ‬/ ‫ٮﺮ‬J‫ٮ )‹ٮﺎ‬
• Example: She is very persistent in reaching her goals.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ﺣًﺪا‬J ‫ٮﺮة‬J‫ى ﻣ‹ٮﺎ‬
.‫ڡﻬﺎ‬#‫ڡ)ٮﻖ أﻫﺪا‬,‫ﺤ‬,‫ى ٮ‬ 3 ‫ه‬

4. Casual
• English: Relaxed and informal; not planned or serious.
• 3 ‫ﻋ)ٮﺮ رﺳم‬# ،‫ڡوي‬#‫ﻋ‬.
Arabic: ‫ﺣﺎد‬J ‫ﻋ)ٮﺮ‬# ‫ أو‬،‫ى‬
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: casual
• 3 ‫ﻋ)ٮﺮ رﺳم‬# ‫ٮﺸكﻞ‬J
Adverb (‫)ﺣﺎل‬: casually – ‫ى‬
• Example: He wore casual clothes to the party.
.‫ڡﻠﺔ‬#‫ﻋ)ٮﺮ رﺳﻤ)ٮﺔ ﻟﻠﺤ‬# ‫ٮﺲ‬J‫ﺪى ﻣﻼ‬,‫ارٮ‬

5. Cut down on
• English: To reduce the amount of something.
• Arabic: ‫ڡﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳾء ﻣﺎ‬,) ‫ٮ‬.
• Phrasal verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﻛ ّﺐ‬#): cut down on – ‫ڡﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬,ُ) ‫ٮ‬
• Example: I’m trying to cut down on sugar.
.‫ڡﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬,‫أﺣﺎول أن أ‬

6. Give up
• English: To stop doing something; to quit.
• # ‫ٮ‬,) ‫ٮ‬.
Arabic: ‫ٮﺮك‬,) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮﺴﻠﻢ‬,‫ ٮ )ﺴ‬/ ‫ﺤﲆ ﻋﻦ‬
• Phrasal verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﻛ ّﺐ‬#): give up – ‫ڡﻒ ﻋﻦ‬,‫ٮﻮ‬,) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮﺴﻠﻢ‬,‫ٮ )ﺴ‬
 • Phrasal verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﻛ ّﺐ‬#): give up – ‫ڡﻒ ﻋﻦ‬,‫ٮﻮ‬,) ‫ ٮ‬/ ‫ٮﺴﻠﻢ‬,‫ٮ )ﺴ‬
• Example: He gave up smoking.
.‫ﺣ)ٮﻦ‬#‫ٮﺪ‬,‫ڡﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬,‫ﻮ‬,‫ٮ‬

7. Go overboard
• English: To do too much of something.
• Arabic: ‫ڡﻌﻞ ﳾء‬# ‫ى‬3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ٮﺎﻟﻎ‬J) ‫ٮ‬.
• Phrasal verb: go overboard – ‫ٮﺎﻟﻎ‬J) ‫ٮ‬
• Example: Don’t go overboard with spending.
3 ‫ڡ‬# ‫ٮﺎﻟﻎ‬J,‫ﻻ ٮ‬
.‫ڡﺎق‬#‫ٮ‬#‫ى اﻹ‬

8. Fad
• English: Something that is very popular for a short time.
• َ / ‫ٮﺔ‬,‫ڡ‬,‫ﻣﻮﺿﺔ ﻣﺆ‬.
Arabic: ‫ٮﺔ‬Jّ‫ﻫ‬
• Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬: fad
• Example: That diet is just a fad.
.‫ٮﺔ‬,‫ڡ‬,‫ﺤﺮد ﻣﻮﺿﺔ ﻣﺆ‬J‫ﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻤ)ٮﺔ ﻣ‬,‫ٮ‬

9. Veteran
• English: A person with a lot of experience in a job or someone who served in the military.
• Arabic: ‫ڡﺪٮ )ﻢ‬, ‫ٮﺮة ﻃويﻠﺔ أو ﻣﺤﺎرب‬J‫ﺣ‬# ‫ﺤﺺ ذو‬
# ‫ﺷ‬.
• Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬: veteran
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: veteran – ‫ﺤﻀﺮم‬
# ‫ ُﻣ‬/ ‫ٮﺮة‬J‫ﺣ‬# ‫ذو‬
• Example: She is a veteran teacher.
.‫ٮﺮة ﻃويﻠﺔ‬J‫ﺣ‬# ‫ى ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ ذات‬
3 ‫ه‬

10. Done the trick

• English: Solved the problem or worked well.
• Arabic: ‫ﺤﺢ أو أدى اﻟ•ﻌﺮض‬J‫ٮ‬#.
• Phrase (‫ٮ)ٮﺮ‬J‫ﻌ‬,‫)ٮ‬: done the trick – ‫ أدى اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬/ ‫ﺤﺢ‬J‫ٮ‬#
• Example: A little salt did the trick.
.‫ڡﻠ)ٮﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ أدى اﻟ•ﻌﺮض‬,
.‫ڡﻠ)ٮﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ أدى اﻟ•ﻌﺮض‬,

11. Fed up with

• English: Tired and annoyed with something.
• Arabic: ‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ّ ‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ٮـ‬J ‫ﺿﺎق ذرًﻋﺎ‬.
• Phrase (‫ٮ)ٮﺮ‬J‫ﻌ‬,‫)ٮ‬: fed up with – ‫ﺳﺌﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
• Example: I’m fed up with this weather.
.‫ڡﺲ‬,‫ڡﺪ ﺳﺌﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄ‬,‫ﻟ‬

12. Moderate
• English: Not too much and not too little; balanced.
• Arabic: ‫ ٮ )وازن‬/ ‫ٮﻮﺳﻂ‬,‫ ﻣ‬/ ‫ٮﺪل‬,‫ﻣﻌ‬.
• Adjective (‫ڡﺔ‬#‫)ﺻ‬: moderate – ‫ٮﺪل‬,‫ﻣﻌ‬
• Noun (‫)اﺳﻢ‬: moderation – ‫ٮﺪال‬,‫اﻻﻋ‬
• Verb (‫ڡﻌﻞ‬#): moderate – ‫ ٮ )ُهّﺪئ‬/ ‫ٮﺪل‬,‫ٮ )ﻌ‬
• Example: Eat in moderate amounts.
.‫ٮﺪﻟﺔ‬,‫ٮﻜﻤ)ٮﺎت ﻣﻌ‬J ‫ﻛ ُﻞ‬