Q.1) Define mobile computing explain its applications.

Ans. Mobile computing refers to the ability to use computing

devices and services while on the move. It involves portable
devices wireless communication and access to data and
applications from remote locations. Mobile computing enables
users to perform tasks and access information without being tied
to a fixed location or traditional desktop system.

• Applications of mobile computing:-

i)Communication:- Mobile computing communication is simplify

how mobile device likes smartphone tablets and laptops
communicate with each other and the Internet without need a
physical connection.

ii)Navigation & Travel:- navigation and travel refers to how

mobile devices help to find their ways land trips and travel
more easily using this technology.

iii)Mobile banking and payments:- Banking and payment refers

to using mobile devices to manage your money make payments
and complete financial transactions easily without visiting bank
or use cash.

iv)Online shopping:- online shopping means using mobile

devices to shop for product and services over the Internet
without using physical store.

v)Health and fitness:- health and fitness means using your

mobile device to track and improve your health and fitness.

vi)Entertainment:- Entertainment means using your mobile

devices to enjoy movies music games and other fun activities.
Q.2) List of 3 characteristics of mobile communication.

Ans.i)Portability:- You can make calls and use data services

from anywhere within the network coverage area.

ii)Flexibility:- Mobile devices are compact and easy to carry

allow you to stay connected on the go.

iii)Personalization:- You can customise your mobile device with

various apps and settings to suit your preference.

iv)Integration:- Mobile devices can connect to other devices

networks such as wifi Bluetooth for data transfer and
connectivity.

v)Accessibility:- mobile communication has made it either to

reach people and access information even in remote areas.

Q.3) What are the limitations of mobile computing.

Ans.i)Battery life:- Mobile devices like smartphone tablets and

laptops have limited batteries since they depend on the battery
power heavily used(Like running apps or using the Internet)
Can quickly drained the battery.

ii)Connectivity issue:- Mobile devices for wireless networks like

wifi or mobile data to connect the Internet in some areas these
connexions can be slow or unable poor.

iii)Security risk:- sean’s mobile device are connected to the

Internet they can be able to hacking malware and other
security threads.

iv)Limited processing power:- mobile devices are smaller and

less powerful than desktop they have limited processing power
memory and storage.

v)Cost of mobile data:- Using mobile data can be expensive if

you don’t have unlimited data plan.
Q.4) Define hand of noice and its impact on mobile
communication.

Ans.1)Hand off:- Imagine your phone and phone call while

driving or walking as you move one area to another your phone
need to switch from one cell tower to another (Since each
tower cover a small area over cell). This switch is called hand
off.

*Empact on mobile communication:-

i)Smooth hand off:- Keep the hand off a successful your

connexion stays strong and your call or data session without
running any error.

ii)Drop cells and data:- Keep the hand off doesn’t happen
smoothly (Like if the phone struggle to connect to the next
tower) Your call may be dropped or you may lost your internet
connection.

2) Noice:- Noice refers to unwanted signal that interfere with

the communication between your own and the tower just like
static on an old radio noice can distort cells or slow data
transport.

*Impact on mobile communication:-

i)Poor call quality:-Noice Can static or destroy during phone

calls making it high to hear the other person.

ii)Slow data speed:- When there interferes or noice your

Internet speed may be dropped it may take longer to load
websites video download files.

iii)Drop signals:- High levels of noice can lead to weak or lost

connection dropped cells lost the Internet services.
Q.5) overview and history of the Android operating system.

Ans. Android is an operating system news in smartphones

tablets and other mobile devices like smart watches T V etc it is
based on a modify version of the Linux it is an open source
team which means its code is avoidable to anyone who want to
use our modify android is built on the Linux kernel (The core
part of the O/S) and its provide a platform for mobile
applications to run.

*History of android: i)Founding(2003):- Android INC Founded

by Andy rubin It was a use for digital cameras not mobile
phones.

ii)Google Acquires(2005):- Google acquires Android INC

bringing the team under its wing to develop a new mobile O/S.

iii) 1st release(2008):- First Android phone release T-mobile GL

(also called HTC dream) Running android I.O features basic
calling , texting , and app installation.

iv) Major versions(2009):- Android I.S cupcake Introduce

features like a virtual keyboards and 3rd party app.

v) 2010 android 2.2 froyo(frozen yoghurt):- Introduce flash

support and bitter performance Android 2.3 Gingerbread
Improve performance app support forefront facing cameras and
enhance gaming.

vi) 2011 android 4.0(Icecream sandwich):- Unifies Smartphone

and tablet interfaces features like face lock and enhance
multitasking.

vii)2013 Android 4.4 Kitkat:- optimise Android for lower end

devices making it more affordable for many users.

viii)2014:- Android become the dominant mobile O/S

worldwide surprising O/S in global market share.

ix)2015 Android 5.0(Lolipop):- Introduce a major visual

updates called material design and improve battery
management.

x)2017 Android 8.0(oreo):- introduce pixture in picture mode

and notification channels.
Q.6) Describe the Android architecture.

Ans.1)Application layer:- i) System application:- These are

essential applications that come pre-install On Android device
and provide core system [Link]:-
Phone,message,contact,settings,etc.

ii)Third-party application:- These are application downloaded

from Google play store and others apps store they offers wide
range of pictures and services from games social media to
productivity tools and Entertainment. Ex-
Instagram,Whatsapp,facebook,twitter,x etc.

2)Application framework layer:- these layer provide a

framework for developers to build apps this includes essential
services like the activity manager, window manager and
content provider developer can use the services to create reach
and interactive apps.

i)Activity:- handles user interaction such as button click and

touch event.

ii)Services:- Run in the background and perform long running

task such as downloading files fetching data from the Internet
do not have user interface.

iii) Content provider:- Manage data storage and access from

application. Ex-SQlite , Oracle,MySQL,etc.

3)Android runtime layer:- These layer handle the execution of

apps it includes the Dalvik Virtual Machine(DVM). Android
runtime (ART) peach converts Java bytecode into machine code
for execution this layer ensures that run efficiency on different
devices.

4)Platform library layer:- These players provide a collection of

C and C Libraries that offers core system functionality these
libraries include the surface manager , OpenGL,SQLite and
more.

5)Linux kernel layer:- This is the foundation of Android system

it provides essential system service like memory management
process scheduling and network connectivity, It is also called
as root layer it is connected to the hardware
Q.7) What is DVM?

Ans. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is a translator for Android apps it

takes the complex code of an app and translate it into a simple
form that your Android device can understand. The DVM He’s an
essential part of Android system it was the runtime environment
in which Android application used to run before the instruction of
ART.

*Key features of DVM:-

i)Optimize for mobile device:- Dalvik was designed to be highly

optimised for devices with limited resources such as smartphone
and tablet.

ii) Register based architecture:- DVM Allow two multiple run the
apps each Android apps run in the own instance of the Dalvik VM.

iii)Execute .dex file:- The DVM execute Dalvik executable (.dex)

File beach are optimised for minimum memory use and faster
loading.

*Use an application of DVM:-

i)Running android application:- Every Android apps run insights

its own DVM isolated from other to ensure better resource
management.

ii)Memory and power efficiency:- Dalvik optimise design ensures

efficient memory use and power which is critical for devices with
limited resources.

iii)Multitasking on android:- Android device to run multiple

applications these multitasking capability to switch between apps
quickly without using any source.
Q.8) list and explains some key features of Android operating
system.

Ans.i)Open source:- Android is built over a open source platform

allow to developers who customers to customise the operating
system according to their needs.

ii)User interface:- Android offer a high customizable user interface

with support for Widgets app’s and icons and themes user two
personalise their home screen and overall experience.

iii)App ecosystem:- The Google play store provides access to

millions of apps across the various categories including games
productivity and social media etc user can also instal apps from
3rd party.

iv)Multitasking:- Android support multitasking alloy to user run

multiple applications and switch between similarly.

v)Notification:- The notification system used to receive and

manage alerts from various apps directly from the status bar with
quick action for responding.

Q.9) write a note on cellular network.

Ans. System that allows mobile devices like phone and tablets to
communicate wireless with each other and the Internet. Think of
it like a network to connected the towers around a city(Or even
the world) .E.g. Imagine your city is divided into smaller areas like
honeycomb. Each sale in the honeycomb has lower that Send and
receive radio signals. That is called as cellular network.

*How it works:

i)cell:- these are the smaller areas covered by a base station.

ii)Base station:- these towers transmit and receive signals to your

device.

iii)Mobile devices:- your smartphone is a mobile device that

connects to this base stations.
Q.10) Explain intent in brief.

Ans. an intent is a messaging object used to request an action

from another component of the system. It allows communication
between different components such as activities services and
broadcast receives.

*What can intent do?

i)Start a new activity- Intent can be used to navigate from one

activity to another.

ii)Start a service- It can start a background service such as

playing music or downloading files.

iii)Broadcast messages- Broadcast an event that other

components or apps can listen to.

*Types of intent:-

1)Explicit intent- In explicit intent specifies the exact

component(Activity , service, or broadcast receiver) That should
handle the intent. It is used when you want to open a specific
component within your own app.

*Features:-

• Used for internal communication within an app.

• The target component is directly specified.
• Used for navigating between activities starting service or
sending data

2)Implicit intent:- An implicit intent does not specify a target

component instead it declares a general action and the system
determines the best app to handle it.

*Features:-

• Used for external communication between apps

• Does not specify a target component
• The system chooses the best suited app to handle the action
• Used for opening URLs making calls sending emails capturing
photos etc.
Q.13)What is layout?

[Link] is an container that defines the structure and

arrangement of UI elements (views) On the screen .Layouts
organise widgets like text view, button ,edit view, image view,
etc. within an activity or fragment.

*Types of layout:-

i)Linear layout-Arranges elements vertically or horizontally in a

single direction.

Ex-<Linear layout

Android:orientation=”vertical”

Android:layout_width=”match_parent”

Android:layout_height=”match_parent”>

<Text view

Android:text=”Hello world”

Android:layout_width=”wrap_content”

Android:layout_height=”wrap_content”/>

</LinearLayout>

ii)Relative layout:-Positions elements relative to each other or the

parent container.

Ex.<RelativeLayout

Android:layout_width=”wrap_content”

Android:layout_height=”wrap_content”/>

<Text view

Android:id=”@+id/textview”

Android:text=”Hello”

Android:layout_width=”wrap content”

Android:layout_height=”wrap_content”

Android:layout_centerInParent=”true”/>

</RelativeLayout>
iii)Contraint Layout-More flexible and efficient than relative layout
uses constraint to position UI element dynamically .

iv)Frame Layout-Used to stake views on top of each other often

used for fragments.

v)Table Layout-Arrange elements in Rows and columns similar to

an HTML table .

vi)Grid Layout-Places UI elements in a grid-like structure with

flexible row and column arrangement.

Q.14) Explain advantages of Android .

Ans.i)Open-source and free:- Android is an open source

(developed by google) And allows manufacturers To modify it.

• Developers Can customize And Improve the O/S.

ii)Wide device compatibility:- Run on smartphones, tablets, smart

tv’s, smartwatches, and IOT devices.

• Supports a variety of hardware configurations.

iii) Huge app ecosystem:-Google play store offers millions of apps

across categories.

• Apps can also be installed from 3rd party sources.

iv) Multitasking:-Users can run multiple apps simultaneously.

• Supports split screen mode for better productivity.

v) Google services integration:-Preloaded with Google search,

Gmail, maps, youtube, Google Drive, Assistant etc.

• Seamless Cloud synchronisation across devices .

vi)Regular updates and security enhancements:-

• Google provides security patches and os updates regularly.

• Features like Google play protect help safeguard devices.

vii)User interface:-

• The Android UI is designed for smooth interaction between

users and apps.
• It consists of various components that make apps visually
appealing and functional.
Q.15)Explain view and view group in Android.

Ans. *View:- In Android overview is the basic building block of the

[Link] represented a rectangular area on the screen that can
display content and respond to user [Link] common types of
views as follows: i)Text view- Display text

ii)Button view-A clickcable button that trigger and action.

iii)Image view - Display image

iv)Edit view -Allow user input.

*View Group:- View groups are container that hold and organise
other views. They define the layout structure of your app and UI.
Some common types of view group includes:

i) Linear layout- Arrange child views in a single direction either

horizontal or vertical.

ii) Relative layout- position child view relative to each other over
the parent layout.

iii) Constraint layout- A flexible layout system that allow you to

position view using constraint.

iv) Frame layout- Stack child view on the top of each other.

v)Grid layout- Arrange child view in row and column similar to an

HTML table.
Q.16) What is menu? Explain context menu.

Ans. A menu is Android is a UI component that provides a list of

options for user interaction. It helps in navigation and performing
actions.

*Types of Menu’s in android:

i)Option menu- The primary menu that appears in the app bar.

ii)Context menu- A floating menu that appears when a user

performs a long press on a view.

iii) Popup menu- a small menu that appears as a drop down next
to a clicked item.

*What is context menu:

A contest menu is a floating menu that appears when a user long

presses an item. It provides context specific actions related to the
selected item([Link],delete,share).

*Features of context menu:

• Triggered by long press on a UI element.

• Displays additional options relevant to the selected item.
• Useful for lists images or text views.
• Disappears automatically after selection.

Q.17) Write a short note on popup menu.

Ans. A pop up menu in Android is a temporary menu that appears

on the screen when a user performs a specific action such as
clicking a button. It provides a list of options related to that action
and disappears automatically when an option is selected or the
user clicks outside the menu.

*Characteristics:-

• Displays a small floating menu anchored towards specific

views.
• Does not support nested submenu’s.
• Used for quick actions related to UI elements.

*Use cases:-

• Showing quick actions when clicking on a button or list item.

• Providing contextual options in messaging or file
management apps.
Q.18) Describe file management tools.

Ans. file management tools in Android help users and developers

organise access and manage files stored on the device. These
tools allow users to browse, copy, move, delete and share files
efficiently.

1)Built in File manager(Files by Google)-

• Default file manager on most Android devices.

• Organises files into categories(Downloads, Images, Videos,
Documents etc.)
• Allows user to search, move, copy,delete and share files.
• Include storage cleanup and file sharing features.

2) Developer file management tools:

a) Android device file explorer(Android studio)-

• Allow developers to view and manage apps specifies file.

• Can access internal storage and sd card.

b)Android debug bridge(ADB):

• Command line tool for accessing device files via usb or Wi-fi.
• Useful for pulling, pushing and modifying files.

c)Scoped storage(Android 10+):

• Enhance says privacy and security by limiting file access for

apps.
• Apps need permission to access shared storage.

3)Cloud-Based file managers- Many apps integrate cloud storage

for easy access:

a) Google drive- Default cloud storage on Android.

b) Dropbox- Syncs files across devices.

c) Onedrive- Microsoft’s cloud solution.

Q.19) Give an example and explain XML Parsing.

Ans. XML Parsing in Android is the process of reading extracting

and converting data from on xml file into a usable format.

It is commonly used for data storage ,configuration files and web

service response (Like RSS feeds for API responses).

*Types of XML parsers in android:-

i)DOM(Document object model) parser –

• Load the entire XML document into memory.

• Allows easy navigation and modification.
• Suitable for small sized XML files.

ii)SAX(Simple API for XML) parser-

• Read XML sequentially (event based).

• Consumes lace memory making it efficient for large xml files.

iii) Pool parser(XML pull parser)-

• Works like SAX But is faster and more efficient.

• Androids recommended xml parser for most cases.

Example:-

<?XML version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>

<employees>

<employee>

<name> John doe </name>

<position> Software engineer </ Position>

</employee>

<employee>

<name> Jane smith </name>

<position> project manager</position>

</employee>

</employees>
Q.20) Describe SDK and Eclipse.

1) Software development kit(SDK)- The Android SDK Is a

collection of tools libraries and resources required for developing
Android applications it includes:

• Android APIs: Provides access to Android system features.

• Emulator: Allows testing app without physical device.
• Build tools: Help compile and package the app.
• SDK Platform tool: Includes tolls like ADB (Android debug
bridge) For debugging.
• SDK manager: Helps download and update necessary SDK
components.

The Android SDK Is essential for Developers to write debug and

taste Android apps it is typically used with Android studio the
official IDE for Android development.

2)Eclipse:- Eclipse is an integrated development

environment(IDE) That was used for Android development before
Android studio become the official IDE. Developers use Eclipse
with the Android development tools(ADI) Plug in to write test and
build Android applications.

*Features:

• Supports Java based Android development.

• Provides code editing debugging and project management
tools.
• Allows integration with versions control systems.
Q.21) Describe client server computing.

Ans. Client server computing is distributed computing model

where multiple clients (users or devices) Request services from a
centralised server. This model enables efficient resource sharing
data processing and communication over a network.

*Components:-

i)Client- A device over software that requests services from the

server.

• Examples: Web browser , mobile apps , email clients

ii) Server- a powerful system that processes client requests and

provides the required services or data.

iii) Network- the communication medium that connects clients

and servers such as the Internet over a local network.

*How its works?

1) A client sends a request to the server over the Internet.

2) The server processes the request and retrieves or generates

the required data.

3) The server sends the response back to the clients.

4) The client displays or processes the received data.

*Examples:-

• Web browsing- The client (browser) Requests a web page

and the web server responds with the content.
• Email services- email clients (like outlook) connect to mail
servers to send or receive emails.
• Online banking- The client (banking app) requests account
details from the bank’s server.
Q.22) Write down the steps for creating first Android application.

Ans. Step 1: install Android studio

• Download and reinstall Android studio from

[Link].
• Open Android studio and complete the setup wizard

Step 2: Create a new project

• Click “start a new Android studio project”

• Select “empty activity” And click next
• Enter the project details:
Name: MyFirst app
Package Name: [Link].my_firstapp.
Language: [Link] Kotlin
Minimum SDK:Choose and appropriate version (e.g. API 21
for wider support)
• Click finish to create the project.

Step 3: Explore the project structure

• [Link]([Link]):- Main logic of the app
• Activity_main.xml:UI layout file
• [Link]:App configuration file.
• [Link]: Dependencies and project setting.

Step 4: Design the UI

[Link] activity_main.xml.

2. Drag and drop a text view and a button from the palette.

3. Modify the text view to display “Hello,world!”.

4. Set an on click listener for the button in main [Link].

Step 5: Write code for button click (For Java)

Button button=

Find view ById([Link]);

[Link] (View->

[Link]([Link],”Button clicked!”,

Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
 Step 6: Run the App

1) Click on run or press shift+f10

2) Select an emulator or connected device
3) The app will launch with a button that shows a toast
message when clicked

Q.23)How to inser data in SQLite.

Ans. In Android development, inserting data into an SQLite

database is a common task when storing user information, app
settings, or any kind of structured data locally on the device. The
process begins by creating or accessing an existing SQLite
database using a helper class called SQLiteOpenHelper. This class
helps manage database creation and version management
efficiently. You typically define your database name, version, and
table structure in this class. For example, a table named users
might include columns like id, name, and email.

Once the database and table are set up, inserting data is done
using a class called ContentValues, which is a key-value pair data
structure. You store each column's value in this object, with the
key being the column name and the value being the data you want
to insert. After setting the values, you call the insert() method on
the writable database object, passing in the table name and the
ContentValues object. This method returns the row ID of the
newly inserted data, or -1 if the insertion fails.

For example, if you want to insert a user’s name and email into
the users table, you create a ContentValues object, put "name"
and "email" into it with the corresponding values, and call the
insert() method on the database. You can then check the result to
confirm whether the data was inserted successfully. This entire
process ensures that the data is stored reliably on the user's
device and can be accessed later even when there is no internet
connection.

This method of data insertion is efficient, secure, and follows the

Android platform’s best practices for managing local databases
using SQLite. It allows developers to maintain organized,
relational data directly within their apps without requiring
external servers or internet connectivity.
Q.23) What is SQLite and why it it commonly used in android
developer.

Ans. SQLite is a lightweight, embedded, and self-contained

relational database management system (RDBMS). It is designed
to be efficient and simple to use, making it an excellent choice for
applications that require local data storage without the need for a
full-scale database server. Unlike other traditional databases like
MySQL or PostgreSQL, SQLite does not run as a separate server
process. Instead, it is integrated directly into the application,
storing data in a single file on the device's file system. This makes
SQLite a very compact and easy-to-manage solution.

In the context of Android development, SQLite is widely used as

the default local database engine. Android includes built-in
support for SQLite, allowing developers to store and manage data
locally on the user's device. This is especially important for mobile
applications where constant internet connectivity cannot be
guaranteed. SQLite provides a reliable way to maintain user data,
preferences, application settings, and offline content, even when
the device is not connected to the internet.

One of the main reasons SQLite is preferred in Android

development is its lightweight nature. The entire database engine
is less than 1 MB in size, which is ideal for mobile devices with
limited storage and memory. Furthermore, it is serverless,
meaning it doesn’t require any setup or configuration of a
database server, which simplifies the development process. This
makes it very easy to use for developers who want to implement
database features quickly and efficiently.

Another key advantage is that SQLite supports standard SQL

syntax, so developers familiar with SQL can use it to perform
database operations like CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and
DELETE. The database is also ACID-compliant (Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, Durability), ensuring data integrity even in
cases of application crashes or power loss. This makes it a robust
and trustworthy choice for managing local data.

Overall, SQLite is commonly used in Android because it provides a

fast, reliable, and efficient solution for local data storage. It is
ideal for applications that require offline functionality, small to
medium data storage needs, and quick data access without the
complexity of setting up a remote database server.