Class - X

Employability Skills
Unit – 1
Communication Skills
Session 1: Method of Communication
B. Subjective question
1. Make a chart highlighting all the methods of communication. Use markers and colours to
highlight differences amongst all. [Do it by yourself]
Answer: Methods of Communication are
Method Description
Face-to-face informal communication
There is nothing better than face-to-face communication. It helps the message to be understood
clearly and quickly. Also, since body language can be seen in this case; it adds to the effectiveness
of the communication.
e-mail
e-mail can be used to communicate quickly with one or many individuals in various locations. It
offers flexibility, convenience and low-cost
Notices/Posters
It is effective when the same message has to go out to a large group of people
Business Meetings
Communication during business meetings at an organisation are generally addressed to a group of
people. It can be related to business, management and organisational decisions
Other Methods
There can be various other methods like social networks, message, phone call for communication,
newsletter, blog, etc.
Session 2: Verbal Communication
B. Subjective question
1. List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for each verbal
communication type.
Answer: Different types of verbal communication are-
Types of Verbal
Communication
Examples
Interpersonal Communication
1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee.
2. Two friends discussing homework.
3. Two people talking to each other over phone or video call.
Written Communication
1. A manager writing an appreciation e-mail to an employee.
2. Writing a letter to grandmother enquiring about health.
Small Group Communication
1. Press conferences 2. Board meetings 3. Team meetings
Public Communication 1. Election campaigns 2. Public speeches by dignitaries
Session 3: Non-Verbal Communication
B. Subjective question
1. Draw any five common signs used for Visual Communication. Explain what each conveys and
where did you see it?
Answer:
Session 4: Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback
B. Subjective question
Q1. What do you mean by feedback? Let’s take a scenario. Radha is your co-worker. Together you
are making a report on how to manage the waste in your store. Since she has not completed her
work on time, the whole report has got delayed and the manager has given you both a warning.
Write down the feedback you would like to give your workers on time management. Try to keep the
feedback specific and polite.
Ans. Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in the process of
communication since it is defined as the response given by the receiver to the sender.
Feedback to Radha You are a great asset to the team. You are very professional and focused on your
work. Despite the difficult deadlines for the report on how to manage the waste in your store, you
maintain a positive attitude. You respond to problems without getting angry or frustrated. Whenever
you have free time I see you studying or looking over someone’s shoulder trying to troubleshoot a
problem. It would benefit the entire department if you paid more attention to the delivery time.

Session 5: Barriers to Effective Communication

1. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when you move to a new
city or country.
Answer: The common communication barriers a person may come across when the move to a new
city or country is:
Physical Barriers: Physical barriers are the environmental and natural conditions that act as a barrier
in communication. For example, text messages are often less effective than face-to-face
communication.
Linguistic Barriers: The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier
to communication. Language barriers are the most common communication barriers, it leads to
misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the message. For example slang, professional jargon.
Interpersonal Barriers: Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the sender’s message is
received differently from how it was intended. It is also very difficult to communicate with someone
who is not willing to talk or express their feelings and views.
Organisational Barriers: Organisations are designed on the basis of formal hierarchical structures
that follow performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures, policies,
behavioural norms, etc. Superior-subordinate relationships in a formal organisational structure can
be a barrier to the free flow of communication.
Cultural Barriers: Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are unable to understand
each other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes make
stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural background, this leads to a difference
in opinions and can be a major barrier to effective communication.
Session 6: Writing Skills – Parts of Speech
1. Identify the conjunctions and prepositions from the list below and write these in the correct box.
Over, Because, Under, And, Since, In, At, Although, Or, Up, On, Beside
Conjunction Prepositions
Although
And Under
Or Over
Because Since
Up
Beside
In At
On
Session 7: Writing Skills — Sentences
B. Subjective questions
1. Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question, exclamatory and order.
Ans. The two sentences of each type of sentence are:
Statement 1) Blue is my favourite colour. 2) The farewell party begins in
two hours.
Question 1) Do you want tea or coffee? 2) Is it raining?
Exclamatory 1) This is the best day of my 2) Oh, my goodness, we won!
life!
 Order 1) Please lower your voice. 2) Respond immediately.
2. Which is your favourite food, dish or cuisine? Write two paragraphs about your favourite food,
dish or cuisine. Each paragraph should have a minimum of five sentences. Make sure you follow all
the rules about sentences and paragraphs you have learnt.
Ans. I am a very foodie. I love to eat. Among the number of foods, Pizza is my favourite food
because it tastes and smells fabulous. My Mom cooks the best Pizzas in the world. I always ask her
to make Pizza.
In Pizzas, I love onion cheese Pizza a lot. This is because cheese pizza is healthy and makes me
strong. To create fun we also organize pizza races in terms of who can eat the maximum number of
pizzas. I can eat many pizzas at a time.
3. Practice speaking in active and passive voice with your classmates. Also, try to identify the
different parts of sentences while you speak.
Answer: Students do Yourself
Unit - II
Self-Management Skills
Session – 1
Q1. Describe stress and stress management in your own words.
Ans. Stress is our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived demands or
threats.
For example, you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.
Stress Management is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures. You
have to make a suitable plan for your daily life routines so that it would not put hard pressure on
you. If you are not able to manage yourself to the increasing pressure this will led to stress.
Q2. List your favorite stress management technique and elaborate why you find it the most
effective.
Ans. The stress management techniques are:
•Time Management - One of my favourite stress management technique and I think this is the most
important one. If we are able to manage time properly then there will be no pressure of pending
work on us.
• Physical exercise and fresh air - Doing yoga, meditation and deep breathing exercises help in
proper blood circulation and relaxes the body. Which will help to become more active.
• Healthy diet - Eating a balanced diet, such as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits will give the strength
to do daily work efficiently.
• Positivity - Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress. Instead, learn to look at the
good things and stay positive. For example, instead of feeling upset over scoring less in a test, try to
maintain a positive attitude and look at ways to improve the next time.
• Organising academic life - no delaying - By keeping class notes organised, finishing in
assignments on time, and keeping track of all deadlines, stress can be reduced to a great extent.
•Sleep - A good night’s sleep for at least 7 hours helps the brain and body get recharged to function
better the next day.
•Holidays with family and friends - Going to a relative’s place, such as your grandparents’ house or
a new place during your summer vacations can help to break from the normal routine and come
back afresh.

Session -4
Q1. What is Goal Setting?
Ans. Goal setting is a process that helps a person to decide where he wants to go in life. This will
help them to decide where to put their efforts to achieve that goal. After deciding the goal or aim of
life one can easily go through the process of achieving it. This gives you the motivation to work
hard.
Q2. In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain.
Ans. In SMART goals ‘S’ stands for Specific goal. A specific and clear goal answers six questions.
Who is involved in the goal? What do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish?
Which means do I use? Why am I doing this? For Example:
Not a specific goal: “I want to become a doctor.”
Specific goal: “I want to become a doctor by studying MBBS after my school gets over. After
getting my MBBS degree I will make a hospital in my village.”
Q3. What is the best way to work on long-term goals?
Ans. The best way to work on long-term goals is:
Part-1 Develop a long-term goal
• Ask yourself where you’d like to see yourself in the next few years.
• Build a goal from your board ideas.
• Write out a specific goal.
• Separate short and long-term goals.
• Assess your goal to make sure it’s manageable.
Part-2 Achieving your Long-Term Goal
• Commit to one long-term goal at a time.
• Break your goal into sub-goals.
• Set up a timetable for your goal and sub-goals.
• Work on your self-discipline.
• Develop habits that aid in accomplishing your goal.
• Review your progress regularly.
• Identify obstacles you might encounter.
Part-3 Staying Motivated for Long-Term Goals
• Take breaks regularly.
• Try to make your goal fun.
• Celebrate your successes

Session-5
1. What is time management and how can you manage your time?
Ans. Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day well
and do all that you want to do.
The steps for effectively managing time are:
Step-1 Organise
• We plan our day-to-day activities.
• We make a timetable that we follow.
• We keep our surroundings and study table clean.
• We put things back where they belong.
• It helps us save time!
Step-2 Prioritise
• We make a to-do list that has all our activities and we rank them in the order of importance. For
example, you may rank doing homework as the most important task. It helps us to get the most
important task done first and also to track what is pending.
Step-3 Control
• We have control over our activities and time.
• We avoid time-wasters like chatting on the phone, surfing gossip sites, etc., and focus on more
important things.
Step-4 Track
• We identify and note where we have spent our time. This will help us analyse if we have used our
time effectively or not. It also helps us to identify time-wasting activities.
2. How can tracking your time help you?
Ans. Tracking your time helps you gain perspective on your life, so you can determine whether the
way you spend your time is true to your priorities and what’s important to you. By tracking your
time you can
• See how many hours you actually work.
• Can separate from the stories you tell yourself.
• Discover what your priorities actually are.
• Time feels richer.
 Unit – 3
Information and Communication Technology Skills
Session 1: Basic Computer Operations
B. Subjective questions
Q1. What is the function of the ENTER key?
Ans. ENTER key or the RETURN key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a new line. In
some programs, it is used to send commands and to confirm a task on a computer.
Q2. How will you prevent others from using your computer?
Ans. We can prevent others from using our computer by creating login id and password. A login-id
and password is like a key to the lock which allows you to use the computer.

Session 2: Performing Basic File Operations

B. Subjective questions
Q1. How is a computer file system similar to our physical file system in a school?
Ans. Computer file system is similar to our physical file system in a school as our teachers has a
separate cabinet where they keep the files of different students or classes on separate shelves.
Similarly, information on a computer is stored in electronic files, which can be put into separate
folders.
Q2. What are the steps you will perform to save a text file in Ubuntu?
Ans. Steps to save a text file in Ubuntu are:
1. Click Save
2. Save As dialog box Open.
3. Browse the Desktop folder.
4. Type the name of the file and click on save button.
Session 3: Computer Care and Maintenance
B. Subjective questions
Q1. Explain how to clean a computer on a daily basis.
Ans. Cleaning a computer means to keep the screen, keyboard and mouse clean.
1. We can clean a keyboard with a soft brush.
2. We can wipe the screen with a soft cloth.
3. We can avoid eating and keeping glasses of water near a computer
Q2. How can you increase the performance of a computer?
Ans. We can increase the performance of a computer by removing unnecessary files and data, such
as temporary files and images. . We can use some disk cleaner software, to clean the unnecessary
files.
 Session 4: Computer Security and Privacy
B. Subjective questions
Q1. Explain how Trojan Horse virus works.
Ans. A Trojan Horse disguises itself i.e., it appears to be a useful software program but once it
reaches a computer it starts behaving like a virus and destroying data.
Q2. List the various ways you can use to protect your data.
Ans. Various ways to protect our data is:
1. Use passwords to login to your computer.
2. Install Anti-virus and Firewall
3. Data Encryption.
4. We should give details of our credit card or bank account only on secure sites.

Unit -4
Entrepreneur Skill
Session 1: Entrepreneurship and Society
Q1. List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society.
Ans. Entrepreneurs affect the society in the following ways:
1. Create Jobs: With the growth of business, entrepreneur hire more people to work for them. In this
way, more people have jobs.
2. Sharing of Wealth: As entrepreneurs grow their business, they give more money to the people
who work for them.
3. Lower Price of Products: As more entrepreneurs sell the same product, the price of the product
goes down
Session 2: Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur
Q1. What do you think is the most important function of an entrepreneur? Write your answer giving
suitable examples.
Ans. The functions of an entrepreneur are:
1. Making Decisions: An entrepreneur makes decisions everyday. This includes what to produce or
sell, how much and where to sell etc.
2. Managing the Business: An entrepreneur arranges raw material, hires people for work and tells
everyone what to do.
3. Divide Income: The entrepreneur spends money to buy material, pays rent of the building and
salaries to people.
4. Taking Risk: An entrepreneur takes risks against fires, lost items and theft.
5. Create a new Method, Idea or Product: An entrepreneur is always trying new things. He/she does
this to increase their income.
Session 3: Myths about Entrepreneurship
Q1. What is the difference between a misconception and reality? Give an example.
Ans. Misconception: A myth, or a misconception, is a false belief or opinion about something. For
example, if we think tall people run faster than short people, we have a misconception. It is not true.
The truth is that short people can also run fast.
Reality: Reality means that the things are real and they actually exist. This is not imaginary

Unit - 5
GREEN SKILLS II
Session 1: Sustainable Development
B. Subjective Questions
1. What is the meaning of sustainable development?
Ans: Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between economic
growth, care for the environment and social well-being.
2. Why do you think the United Nations has made the 17 Sustainable Development Goals?
Ans: The 17 SDGs have been made to take care of important issues facing businesses, governments
and society. Some of these issues are poverty, gender equality, water use, energy, climate change
and biodiversity. Countries are now making policies and regulations that will promote sustainable
systems needed in all economic sectors to provide a secure, affordable and sustainable economy.

Session 2: Our Role in Sustainable Development

3. List some ways in which we can use resources sensibly
Ans: We can become responsible for our own environment by
1. reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
2. taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
3. donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
4. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
5. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
6. Sort and treat garbage before disposing of.
4. Explain the importance of education on sustainable development.
Ans: Education is the most important factors for sustainable development. Children who have gone
to school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care of themselves and their families.
Education helps us become aware of our role as a responsible citizen. We should
1. use the facilities present in our areas.
2. take our friends to school.
3. help friends study.
4. stop friends from dropping out of school.

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