Indus Public School,Dipka
(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi 3330364)
Session 2023-24
Class : VI
NOTES
Subject : SOCIAL SCIENCE
Instructions: 1. Pen down in your fair notebook.
2. Kindly take a print out of these NOTES and then write if possible.
3. Write neatly and clearly with a good handwriting and correct spelling.
4. If the copy is found with plenty of spelling mistakes & untidy work, then he/she has to rewrite this
chapter from the beginning again without failure.
5. Parents are humbly requested to go through the copies in regard with the neatness and spellings before they submit
it to their subject teacher for final correction.
GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER - 2. THE EARTH MOTIONS
E. Differentiate between the following.
1. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice:
- Summer Solstice:
- Occurs around June 21st.
- The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, resulting in the longest day and shortest night of the year in
this hemisphere.
- Marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Winter Solstice:
- Occurs around December 21st.
- The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, resulting in the shortest day and longest night of the year
in this hemisphere.
- Marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. Rotation and Revolution:
- Rotation:
- The Earth spins on its axis, completing one full rotation every 24 hours.
- Causes day and night.
- Revolution:
- The Earth orbits around the Sun, completing one full revolution in about 365.25 days.
- Causes the change of seasons.
F. Short answer questions.
1. What do you understand by the circle of illumination?
- The circle of illumination is the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the day side and the night side.
2. When do we observe a leap year?
- A leap year occurs every four years when an extra day (February 29th) is added to the calendar to account for the
fact that a year is actually about 365.25 days long.
3. How are days and nights formed?
- Days and nights are formed due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. As the Earth rotates, different parts of it
move into and out of the sunlight, causing periods of daylight (day) and darkness (night).
4. Give any three effects of rotation.
(1) The alternation of day and night.
(2) ………………..
(3) ………………..
5. Give the importance of the inclination of the Earth's axis.
- The inclination of the Earth's axis is crucial because it causes the varying intensity of sunlight at different times
of the year, leading to the seasons.
G. Long answer questions.
1. Give a description of summer solstice.
- The summer solstice occurs around June 21st when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted most directly towards the
Sun. On this day, the Sun is at its highest point in the sky at noon and directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer. The
length of daylight is at its maximum, and the nighttime is at its shortest.
2. Describe the equinoxes.
- Equinoxes occur twice a year, around March 21st (Vernal Equinox) and September 23rd (Autumnal Equinox).
On these days, the Earth's axis is not tilted towards or away from the Sun, resulting in nearly equal lengths of day
and night across the world. During an equinox, the Sun is directly above the Equator.
3. What factors are responsible for the change in seasons?
- The change in seasons is primarily caused by:
- The tilt of the Earth's axis (about 23.5 degrees).
- The Earth's revolution around the Sun.
- ………………..
4. Why are days longer than nights during the summer season?
- During the summer season, the hemisphere experiencing summer is tilted towards the Sun, resulting in longer
periods of daylight as the Sun's path across the sky is longer. This leads to longer days and shorter nights.
5. What are the effects of revolution?
- The revolution of the Earth around the Sun has several effects:
- It causes the change in seasons.
- It leads to the varying length of days and nights throughout the year.
- It affects the position of the Sun in the sky at different times of the year.
6. How is the rotation of the Earth responsible for causing day and night?
- The Earth's rotation on its axis causes different parts of the planet to move into and out of the sunlight. When a
part of the Earth faces the Sun, it experiences daylight (day), and when it moves away from the Sun, it experiences
darkness (night). This continuous rotation leads to the regular cycle of day and night.