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Wheat Production and Distribution in India

Wheat is India's second most important food grain, primarily grown in northern and north-western regions, with specific growth conditions including winter sowing and summer harvesting. India is the second-largest global wheat producer, with significant contributions from states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Madhya Pradesh, and potential for increased yields through better farming practices. The distribution of wheat involves surplus states supplying to deficit states, with trade influenced by domestic needs.

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263 views4 pages

Wheat Production and Distribution in India

Wheat is India's second most important food grain, primarily grown in northern and north-western regions, with specific growth conditions including winter sowing and summer harvesting. India is the second-largest global wheat producer, with significant contributions from states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Madhya Pradesh, and potential for increased yields through better farming practices. The distribution of wheat involves surplus states supplying to deficit states, with trade influenced by domestic needs.

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tarenkalalemtor
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 3: Production and distribution of

Wheat

*Wheat in India

Wheat is the second most important food grain after rice. It is the
staple food for millions, especially in northern and north-western
India. And is rich in proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates, it
provides balanced nutrition.

*Conditions for Growth:

i) Season: Wheat is a rabi crop sown in winter and harvested in


summer.

• Sowing: September–December (varies by region).

• Harvesting: January–May (varies by region).

ii) Temperature:

• Winter: 10–15°C for sowing.

• Summer: 21–26°C for ripening.

• Sudden high temperatures or frost can harm the crop.

iii) Rainfall:

• Ideal: 75 cm annually.

• Can grow in areas with 20–25 cm rainfall if irrigation is available.

• Light rain at ripening increases yield, while prolonged drought


harms the crop.

iv) Soil: Best grown in well-drained, fertile loam or clay loam soils.
Also thrives in black soil of the Deccan Plateau.

* Farming Practices:

• Requires irrigation (5–7 waterings), HYV seeds, fertilizers, and


mechanization.

• Extensively grown in the alluvial plains of north India.

* Production:

• India is the second-largest producer of wheat globally,


contributing 12.39% of the world’s wheat.
• Green Revolution significantly boosted wheat production:

> 1960-61: 11 million tonnes.

> 1970-71: 23.83 million tonnes.

• Current yield: 3,140 kg/hectare (low compared to countries like


China and France).

• Potential yield: Up to 4,000 kg/hectare with better seeds,


fertilizers, and pest control.

*Future Scope:

• Expanding wheat farming to non-traditional areas like Assam and


Odisha.

• Reducing fallow land and timely harvesting of kharif crops can


increase production.

* Distribution of Wheat in India

• Major Wheat Producing States:

1) Uttar Pradesh:

• Largest producer, contributing about 30.3 million tonnes (2012-


13).

• Key regions: Ganga-Ghagra and Ganga-Yamuna doabs.

• Main districts: Saharanpur, Meerut, Moradabad, Rampur, and


Hardoi.

2) Punjab:
• Second-largest producer, contributing 16.11 million tonnes (2012-
13).

• Known as part of the "Granary of India."

• High yield (4,577 kg/ha).

• Main districts: Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala, and Jalandhar.

3) Madhya Pradesh:

• Third-largest producer, contributing 14% of India’s total wheat.

• Low yield (2,477 kg/ha).

• Main districts: Sagar, Vidisha, Morena, and Gwalior.

4) Haryana:

• Accounts for over 12% of total wheat production.

• High yield (4,448 kg/ha).

• Main districts: Karnal, Kurukshetra, Panipat, and Hisar.

5) Rajasthan:

• Contributes 9.68% of production; irrigation projects like the Indira


Gandhi Canal have improved yields.

• Main districts: Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaipur, and Kota.

6) Other Important States:

• Bihar: 5.8% of production; key districts include Rohtas and


Nalanda.

• Gujarat: Produced in Mahi and Sabarmati valleys; key districts:


Mahesana, Rajkot.

• Maharashtra: Grown in valleys of Tapi, Godavari, and Krishna


rivers.

• West Bengal: Progress in wheat farming; key districts: Birbhum


and Burdwan.

• Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand: Wheat grown in river valleys


and key districts like Kangra and Mandi.
• Jammu & Kashmir: Wheat produced in Srinagar, Jammu, and
Baramulla regions.

* Trade:

• Surplus states (Punjab, Haryana, UP, Rajasthan, MP) supply wheat


to deficit states (Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Delhi).

• India imports or exports wheat based on domestic needs.

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