IELTS DOCUMENTS

(WRITING)

I. TASK 1............................................................................................................................3
1.1 CÁCH PARAPHRASE ĐỀ BÀI.............................................................................3
Phần Đối tượng sẽ được paraphrase linh hoạt:.......................................................3
1.2 DESCRIBE CHANGES..........................................................................................4
1.3 PREPOSTIONS (GIỚI TỪ)....................................................................................6
1.4 MỨC ĐỘ THAY ĐỔI..............................................................................................6
1.5 CÁC CẤU TRÚC SỐ LIỆU NÂNG CAO.............................................................6
CẤU TRÚC MÔ TẢ TRENDS.....................................................................................9
COMPARE TRENDS..................................................................................................10
TASK 1: BAR CHARTS..................................................................................................11
TASK 1: PIE CHARTS....................................................................................................15
TASK 1: LINE GRAPH...................................................................................................18
TASK 1: TABLE...............................................................................................................19
TASK 1: PROCESS..........................................................................................................20
TASK1: MIXED CHARTS...............................................................................................26
TASK 1: MAPS.................................................................................................................31
MÔ TẢ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG (Directional language)................................................31

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 I. TASK 1
BÀI MẪU
MORE
1.1 CÁCH PARAPHRASE ĐỀ BÀI

Phần Đối tượng sẽ được paraphrase linh hoạt:

Ví dụ:
The expenditure on books = the spending/expense on books = how much money was
spent on… = the amount of money which was spent on … = how much money these
countries spent on books
The sales (doanh số bán hàng) of cars = how many cars were sold = the number of cars
(which were) sold = the car sales
The consumption (lượng tiêu thụ) of fast food = how much fast food was consumed =
the amount of fast food (which was) consumed = fast food consumption

Nếu đơn vị của bài là %: The proportion of female members in parliament = the
percentage of members who are female in parliament = the share of parliamentary
members who are women = the percentage of women holding a position in parliament =
how many women were elected to work in parliament

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 (tùy danh từ là gì thì sẽ biến đổi phù hợp, không áp dụng máy móc. Lưu ý: Danh từ đếm
được thì đi với The number of / How many… còn Không đếm được thì đi với The
amount of … / How much … )

Địa điểm (nếu có):

in three countries = in different/various nations = hoặc liệt kê tên các nước nếu có tối đa
4 nước/lĩnh vực = in two countries, namely (đó là) France and the UK.
In five countries in Europe = In five European countries
1.2 DESCRIBE CHANGES
Phh
TREND VERB + ADV ADJ + NOUN
TĂNG increase / rise / grow increase / rise
Go up / climb Growth / upward trend

Ex: The number of tourists to There was

Hanoi increased significantly Ex: There was a significant increase of 2.5 million in the
from 5 million in 2015 to 7.5 number of tourists to Hanoi from 2015 to 2019.
million in 2019.
The year/ period from … to … saw /witnessed/experienced
Ex: The number of tourists to … + a/an + adj + N
Hanoi rose considerably by
2.5 million in 2019. Ex: The year 2019 / The period from 2015 to 2019 saw a
dramatic rise of 2.5 million in the number of tourists to
Ex: The number of people Hanoi.
watching TV and movies went
up from 1980 to 2020. A/an + adj + N was seen in …

Ex: A dramatic rise of 2.5 million was seen in the number of

tourists to Hanoi in 2019.

GIẢM Decrease / decline / fall/ drop / Decrease / decline / fall/ drop / see a downward trend
go down
Ex: There was a downward trend in the number of
Ex: The number of people enrolments between 2005 and 2010
playing video games dropped

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 from 1980 to 2020.
GIỮ remain + stable/ unchanged at stability (n)
NGUYÊN …
Ex: After a dramatic fall in the number of people settling in
stay + stable/ unchanged at… the city, there was a period of stability.

Ex: The number of people

playing music remained
unchanged from 1980 to
2020.

stabilize at … /ˈsteɪ.bə.laɪz/

level off
Ex: Unemployment rose to
10% and then leveled off.
DAO fluctuate between … and … Fluctuation /ˌflʌk.tʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/
ĐỘNG /ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt/
Ex: From 1980 to 2020, there were fluctuations in the
Ex: Her wages fluctuate number of people studying.
between £150 and £200 a
week. There was a fluctuation in the number of people who used
bicycles during the year 2011 to 2013.
ĐẠT Peaked at… Reach the highest point of + số liệu
ĐỈNH /
ĐIỂM Ex: Prices reached a peak of $5 during August.
CAO
NHẤT Hit a high of …
CHẠM Bottomed at … Hit a low of …
ĐÁY /
ĐIỂM Reach the lowest point of …
THẤP
NHẤT hit/ reach bottom

Ex: The Nasdaq fell 29.5% but investors recouped all of their
losses 7 weeks after stocks hit bottom.

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 1.3 PREPOSTIONS (GIỚI TỪ)

Còn đối với danh từ, lượng tăng thêm sẽ dùng OF chứ không dùng BY như với động
từ.
Vd: There was an increase of 6 in the number of ABC in 2006.
1.4 MỨC ĐỘ THAY ĐỔI
ADJ ADV
Nhẹ, không Slight Slightly
đáng kể Marginal Marginally
Insignificant Insignificantly
Minimal Minimally
Từ từ, dần dần Gradual gradually
Steady Steadily
Consistent Consistently
Mạnh, đáng kể Significant Significantly
Substantial Substantially
Considerable Considerably
Dramatic Dramatically
Sharp Sharply

1.5 CÁC CẤU TRÚC SỐ LIỆU NÂNG CAO

NĂM ĐẦU TIÊN

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Starting at…., S V 0Ex: Starting at 5 million in 2015, tourist numbers to Hanoi went up
considerably to 7.5 million in 2019.
Hoặc … started at …, after which (sau đó) …Ex: 5 million people visited Hanoi in 2015,
after which it grew significantly by 2.5 million in 2019.
...registered (cho thấy)/ began / started at …, and it (hoặc this figure) …Ex: The number
of visitors to Hanoi registered 5 million in 2015, and this figure went up to 7.5 million
4 years later.
Lần lượt là
the figure for A was .., while THOSE for B and C were … respectively.
(...), followed by the UK and France, at 4% and 8% respectively.
(...), followed by the UK and France, at 4% and 8% in that order.
(...), with respective figures of 4% and 8%.
(...), while the figures for A and B were 4% and 8% respectively.
Trong khi A thế này, B thế kia
the figure for A was .., while THAT for B was…
By 2010, the Chinese population had increased again, ending the period at around 6.5%,
while that of the US had fallen slightly to about 1.8%.
At the same time, consumption of chicken and lamb stood at around 150 kilos, while that
of fish was much lower, at 60 kilos.
(...), while the corresponding figure for men was 5%. (số liệu tương ứng)
(...), while the corresponding figure for their male counterparts was 5%.
(...) around 30% of Americans ate fast food once or twice a month in 2003, and 33% did
so in 2013.a
Đối với…
Looking first at / Turning first to … (dùng cho đối tượng đầu tiên)
Ex: Turning first to the most popular devices, iPhones
Với các đối tượng sau đó:
As far as (..) is concerned, …

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Ex: As far as the Northern Network is concerned, the number of …
With regard to …
Ex: With regard to single people, only a third of them went to …
As for…
Ex: As for beef consumption, a steady decline was seen in this figure …
Regarding …
Ex: Regarding beef consumption, after starting the period at 500 kilos, this figure …
In terms of …
Ex: In terms of fish, people only eat 50 kilos of this food …
Xấp xỉ/ Gần bằng
around / about / nearly / roughly
approximately
over / under …
Dẫn thời gian
in + năm,
5 years later,
over the next/ following 5 years,
after 5 years,
from…to… / between…and…
Meanwhile / At the same time, …

Nhóm các đối tượng lại với nhau:

Cách 1: Nói rõ các đối tượng ra: (khi có nhiều đối tượng)
With regard to food and drink, 30% of expenditure in both Ireland and Turkey went on
these products, while the figures for Italy, Spain and Sweden stood at between 15% and
19%.

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Cách 2: Dùng the former - the latter
Ex: With regard to shipping goods by water and rail, both fluctuated throughout the 28-
year period, although the former ended with a rise of around 30%, and the latter finished
the period at 40%.
Dùng Preposition + gerund (giới từ + Ving)
Ex: (...), with 5 million people using it every year.
Dùng Preposition + being + V3, Ved (bị động)
Ex: (...), with 100 grams of meat being consumed per week.
Với tỉ lệ phần trăm
Đừng viết: The percentage of unemployment was 5% (unnatural)
=> Hãy viết: Unemployment stood at 5%.
Around 5% of the workforce was unemployed.
Dùng Past perfect để ghi điểm về grammar:
Ex: By 2019, the number of visitors had reached 7.5 million.
In 2019, … reached … (quá khứ đơn)
Dùng Participle phrases:
Ex: The number of visitors to Hanoi increased significantly, reaching 7.5 million in 2019.
(Thay vì “The number of visitors to Hanoi increased significantly. It reached 7.5 million
in 2019 => câu ngắn + cụt)
CẤU TRÚC MÔ TẢ TRENDS
CÁCH 1: DÙNG VERB + ADV
Time, S + V + ADV + FROM… TO… MILLION USD
BY .. MILLION USED ( TĂNG THÊM )
TO… MILLION USED (TĂNG THÀNH)
Ex: In 1995, The amount of money that Germany spent on book increased slightly from
80 million usd to 90 million usd
CÁCH 2: DÙNG ADJ + NOUN

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Cách 2: Có một sự tăng thêm bao nhiêu đối với cái gì
There was a/an + adj+ Noun + from…to… IN + cái gì.
+OF + (lượng tăng thêm) + IN + cái gì.
CÁCH 3: CÁI GÌ ĐÃ CHO THẤY/TRẢI QUA MỘT SỰ TĂNG THÊM BAO
NHIÊU.
S + experienced/showed/saw a/an + adj+ N + of (lượng tăng thêm) + time.
CÁCH 4: MỘT SỰ TĂNG THÊM BAO NHIU ĐÓ ĐƯỢC NHÌN THẤY/CHỨNG
KIẾN ĐỐI VỚI CÁI GÌ.
A/an + adj + N + of (lượng tăng thêm) was seen/witnessed in + cái gì + time
CÁCH DÙNG RESPECTIVELY
Năm 1995, số tiền chi tiêu cho sách của Pháp và Ý lần lượt là gần 55 và 50 million
dollars.
COMPARE TRENDS
Chúng ta viết 2 câu mô tả xu hướng, sau đó dùng từ nối ghép chúng lại.
So sánh xu hướng gồm: So sánh cùng chiều (cùng tăng/giảm) và So sánh ngược chiều
(cái này tăng trong khi cái kia giảm).
While đặt ở đầu/giữa câu, còn Whereas thì giữa câu, sau dấu phẩy.
While SV, SV. -> câu phức.
SV, while SV.
SV, whereas (ngược lại) SV.
Meanwhile = At the same time (Trong lúc đó) (2 cụm này đặt đầu câu)
SV. Meanwhile, SV.
SV. At the same, SV.
By contrast (ngược lại)
Vd: The birth rate for older women has declined. By contrast, births to teenage mothers
have increased.

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TASK 1: BAR CHARTS
INTRO + OVERVIEW FOR BAR CHART

 The bar chart illustrates (show, presents) the comparison between...

 According to the data (shown in the chart), there is a noticeable difference in...

 It is clear from the chart that ... experienced the highest/lowest increase.

 The number of ... saw a significant rise/drop from ... to ...

 In comparison to ..., the figure for ... remained relatively stable.

 It can be observed that (the chart shows) ... increased steadily over the period.

 The proportion of ... peaked at ... in ...

 A sharp contrast can be seen between ... and ... in terms of...

 While ... accounted for the majority of ..., other sectors made up a much smaller share.

 The data reveals a clear trend, with ... rising steadily and ... fluctuating slightly.

DESCRIBE CHANGE FOR BAR CHART

 The bar chart shows a noticeable increase in the proportion of ... from ... to ...

 There was a sharp decline in ... over the period, dropping from ... to ...

 The percentage of ... fluctuated, peaking at ... before falling to ...

 A steady rise in ... can be seen between ... and ...

 Compared to ..., the number of ... rose sharply during the period.

 ... remained relatively stable, while ... experienced a significant decrease.

 The figure for ... showed a marked increase, reaching ... at the end.

 Over the years, ... decreased gradually from ... to ...

 The number of ... grew significantly, accounting for ... by ...

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 The bar chart illustrates that ... experienced the highest rise, climbing from ... to ...

 While the bar chart shows a steady increase in ... over the period, it also reveals that ...
remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations in the same timeframe.

 The data from the bar chart illustrates that ... experienced significant growth,
whereas ... saw a decline, indicating contrasting trends in the two categories over the
period.

 As shown in the bar chart, the number of ... gradually increased, but the proportion
of ... remained low, suggesting a disparity in the development of the two factors.

-What it’s about: sản lượng cf

-Time: 1990 - 2010
-Categories: 4 nước
-Measurement: million tonnes
Outline:

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-Có mấy phần? Nội dung từng phần?
Intro: paraphrase
Overview: Overall, it can be seen that… (điểm 1). Moreover, besides,... (điểm 2)
2-3 điểm nổi bật (cao nhất, thấp nhất, trends)
-sản lượng cf của Brz là cao nhất >< VN - thấp nhất
-sản lượng cf các nuocws đều tăng, ngoại trừ Colom
Body 1 Brazil - Indo
-Năm đầu: mô tả số liệu 2 nước (so sánh)
-những năm tiếp theo: lần lượt nói về xu hương từng thằng.
Body 2 Colom - VN
-Regarding the other countries (vs những nc còn lại), năm đầu - 2 nước
The bar chart shows the percentage of males and females aged 18-20 in a city who
participated in various activities in one month in 2015.

Paraphrase:

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-percentage = proportion = rate
-Males - females: men - women ; male players ; participants; cyclists (ng đạp xe)
-Participated in = took part in = joined = attended = enjoyed = engaged in = chose …
-Various = diverse = different = a number of = numerous = several = a wide range = a
variety of…
Outline:
Introduction:
Overview: -cao nhất: nam: football >< nữ: cycling
-thấp nhất: hockey - ít phổ biến nhất
-tương đồng / khác biệt: trong hầu hết các hđ, nam tgia nhìu hơn nữ.
Body 1: basketball, football, hockey (nói theo thứ tự từ cao đến thấp)
Body 2: 2 môn còn lại

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TASK 1: PIE CHARTS
The pie charts indicate changes in the proportions of energy produced in a country from
1983 to 2003.

Bài làm:

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The given pie charts depict data regarding the percentage of energy generated from five
different sources (Hydropower, Oil, Nuclear power, Coal, Natural Gas) in a particular
country between 1983 and 2003.

In general, it is clear that oil was the most popular source of energy in both years despite
a slight decrease. In addition, this country also relied more on using nuclear power and
natural gas by 2003.

To begin with, in 1983, oil and coal were used to produce 42% and 23% of the total
energy, respectively. Over the next 20 years, the proportion of energy produced from oil
saw a slight decline by 4%, while energy from coal also reduced by 10%.

In contrast, there was a reverse pattern in both figures for nuclear power and natural gas,
which increased by 4% and 10% respectively to surpass the percentage of energy
generated from coal. On the other hand, hydropower was responsible for only 4% of
energy produced in both years.

-Information: tỉ lệ % nước đc dùng cho 6 sp, tỉ lệ tổng thu nhập từ 6 sp

-Time: 2004

-Measurement: %

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-Categories: rau củ, ngũ cốc, chanh xanh, trái cây, gạo, bồ công anh

-Outline:

+Introduction

+Overview: thằng sd nước nhiều nhất - tạo thu nhập nhiều nhất

Thằng sd nước ít nhất - tạo ít thu nhập nhất

+Body 1: pie 1

Body 2: pie 2

-Paraphrase:

-water used = the amount of water consumed = water consumption = how much water
was consumed = water usage

DESCRIBE CHANGE

-total income = total amount of money earned from…, total revenue, total earnings

 The pie chart highlights a sharp increase in ... from ... to ...

 A significant portion of ... was allocated to ..., which accounted for ...

 The percentage of ... declined sharply, from ... to ...

 ... saw a steady rise, occupying ... of the total share by ...

 In contrast to ..., the figure for ... remained steady throughout the period.

 The share of ... was significantly lower than ..., accounting for only ...

 A small percentage of the total was devoted to ..., while ... made up the majority.

 The proportion of ... remained constant, while other categories fluctuated.

 ... accounted for the largest share of the total, rising from ... to ...

 The pie chart reveals that ... saw a substantial reduction, falling from ... to ...  The
pie chart reveals that ... accounted for the largest share of the total, while ... had the
smallest proportion, showing a clear disparity between the categories.

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 Although the pie chart highlights that ... had the highest percentage, it also
demonstrates that ... remained relatively unchanged, with only a small variation.

 The chart suggests that ... saw a significant rise in its proportion, whereas ...
experienced a sharp decline, resulting in a noticeable shift in the distribution of
categories.

Cách mô tả %

-A chiếm % trên tổng của…: ABC accounted for / made up % /constituted % /

(thường dùng cho Pie) occupied % … + of the total + noun

-% of A + đã làm gì 40% of the income came from …

-Trường hợp bằng nhau: A and B shared the same percentage, at …% each.

Chiếm tỉ lệ lớn nhất ABC accounted for the largest / smallest proportion
of total + noun

Số liệu cho A là …% The figure for A was …%

Đối với …: Regarding + N, In terms of + N

With regards to + N, …

A… %, followed by B (...%).

A … %, which was higher/ lower than B, with …%

TASK 1: LINE GRAPH

 The line graph indicates a steady increase in ... over the period, rising from ... to ...

 A sharp rise can be seen in ..., climbing dramatically from ... to ...

 The trend for ... fluctuated, with significant peaks in ...

 There was a noticeable decline in ..., dropping from ... to ...

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 The data reveals a consistent upward trend in ..., which increased gradually from ...

 In contrast to ..., the figure for ... dropped sharply after ...

 The graph shows a slight decrease in ..., leveling off at ...

 ... experienced a period of rapid growth, surpassing ... in ...

 After an initial drop, ... saw a steady recovery, increasing from ... to ...

 The trend for ... remained stable throughout the period, with only minor changes.

 The line graph illustrates how ... increased steadily, while ... remained stable for the
majority of the period, before experiencing a slight drop toward the end.

 There was a noticeable fluctuation in ... between ..., with the figure reaching its
highest point at ..., and then declining rapidly.

 While ... steadily climbed from ... to ..., the figure for ... decreased sharply during the
same period, highlighting a significant contrast between the two variables.

 The graph shows that ... experienced a significant surge in the early years, before
leveling off and maintaining a constant level for the rest of the period.

 Despite a sharp decline in ..., the figure for ... rose consistently, suggesting that the
trends in both variables were significantly different throughout the period.

TASK 1: TABLE

 The table shows that ... witnessed a steady increase, rising from ... to ...

 There was a significant decline in ... from ... to ...

 The figures for ... remained relatively constant, with small fluctuations.

 In comparison to other categories, ... saw the highest rise, increasing from ... to ...

 The number of ... decreased significantly, falling from ... to ...

 The data in the table suggests a slight improvement in ... over the years.

 A marked reduction in ... is visible, with the total dropping from ... to ...

 ... experienced a gradual rise, from ... to ...

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 The table reveals that ... remained the dominant category throughout the period.

 The figures for ... fluctuated, showing both increases and decreases between ... and ...
 The table presents a clear contrast between ... and ..., with ... showing the highest
value of ..., while ... remained much lower.

 According to the table, the data reveals that ... had the most significant increase in ...,
while other categories remained more or less the same.

 While ... saw a noticeable rise in ..., the figures for ... remained relatively stable,
reflecting a steady pattern throughout the period.

 The table shows that ... experienced a gradual decline, falling from ... to ..., whereas ...
remained relatively unchanged.

 From the table, it is evident that ... had the highest proportion of ..., followed by ...,
with ... representing the smallest category.

TASK 1: PROCESS
INTRODUCTION (paraphrase đề bài)
The diagram/pictures (shows/ describes/ illustrates) how +clause
+The production of…
+The process of producing/ making…
+How…is produced/ made.
+how to produce/ make…
OVERVIEW
Overall, there are .... main stages (steps) in the process/in the process of producing...,
beginning with… and ending with...
The … involves …main steps/stages, beginning with…and finishing with…
This flow chart provides an overview of…
BODY
At the first stage of …
Firstly/Secondly/Finally….
Once/When….
Before/ After….
Followed by …
Next/ Then/ After that, …
At the next stage of the process, …
At the fifth stage, …

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The diagram shows the process of making cherry jam.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Introduction

The diagram/process/pictures + gives information about/ demonstrates / illustrates +

how to V
the various steps in Ving
the process of Ving
how N be V3/ed
Overview:
Overall, there are … main stages in the process of Ving, beginning with + V-ing/the X of
Y, and ending with + V-ing/the X of Y.
DESCRIBE CHANGES

-Be built = be constructed /kənˈstrʌktid/ = Be erected

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Ex: Một nhà máy được xây dựng ở phía Tây của khu rừng
=> A factory was constructed in the west of the forest

-A be converted into B: /kənˈvɜrtid/:

A bị chuyển đổi mục đích sử dụng thành B
Ex: Cái container được chuyển đổi thành 1 tiệm cà phê.
The container was converted into a coffee shop/ cafe

-A be replaced with B: /rɪˈpleɪst/ bị thay thế bởi

Ex: Cửa sổ gỗ bị thay thế bởi cửa sổ kim loại.
=>The wooden window was replaced by a metal ONE

-Be moved = Be relocated to … /ˌriː.ləʊˈkeɪtid/: bị di dời vị trí

Ex: Bãi đậu xe được di dời về phía đông của trường đại học.
=> The parking lot /area was relocated to the east of the university

became smaller = Shrink (V2 là shrank) (co lại, thu nhỏ lại) = decreased in size
(chia chủ động)

-Be knocked down = be removed = be demolished /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃt/ (bị phá sập - từ

demolish dành cho tòa nhà thui chứ khum áp dụng cho farmland hay garden nha)
Vd: Cửa hàng bị phá bỏ để nhường chỗ cho gara
=> The store was demolished to make way for a garage

-Biến mất: Disappeared = Vanished (biến mất đột ngột) (2 từ này ko chia bị động
được)
Ex: Cây cầu ở phía đông thị trấn đã biến mất.
=> the bridge (which WAS) in the east of the town vanished.

-Be expanded = be enlarged = Became bigger (Become chia chủ động)

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 Ex: Trang trại được mở rộng vào năm 2010.
The farm was expanded in 2010.

-Be cut down = Be chopped down = Be cleared

Ex: Khu rừng ở phía tây thị trấn bị chặt bỏ để nhường chỗ cho một khách sạn.
=> The forest IN the west of the town was chopped down to make way for a hotel.

-Remain unchanged = remain the same: không thay đổi

 The diagram shows the gradual change in ... as it moves through each stage.

 After the initial step, ... undergoes a transformation, changing from ... to ...

 The process starts with ..., before progressing to ...

 The final product is produced after several stages, with ... increasing gradually at each
step.

 Once ... is completed, the process moves on to the next phase, where ... occurs.

 There is a noticeable shift in ... at the later stages of the process.

 The temperature/pressure rises steadily throughout the process, reaching ...

 The final stage sees a sharp reduction in ... compared to the initial step.

 ... is the final product, resulting from a series of changes in the earlier stages.

 The process begins with ... and ends with ..., showing clear transformations at each
stage.

CẤU TRÚC BÀI MAPS

-Introduction: viết lại đề bài bằng cách paraphrase từng phần của đề bài bằng từ ngữ của
mình, tránh lặp lại 100% từ của đề bài.

-Overview: 2 câu mô tả sự 2 thay đổi đáng chú ý nhất trong bản đồ

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-Body 1 và 2: Có thể chia mỗi body mô tả về 1 bản đồ; hoặc chia thành từng khu vực (từ
tây sang đông, hoặc từ trung tâm tỏa ra ngoài).

(nếu có nhiều thay đổi lặt vặt thì không cần mô tả hết, chỉ chọn lọc ra những đặc điểm
nổi bật thôi)

(Để ý mốc thời gian trong bản đồ để chọn Tense phù hợp)

INTRODUCTION

=> Ta sẽ paraphrase từng thành phần của đề bài như sau:

-Tên bản đồ: The maps = The pictures

-Động từ: Show = Illustrate = Give information about

-Đối tượng của bản đồ: the (proposed) changes to (đối tượng) = the developments of (đối
tượng) = how (đối tượng) changed … = how (đối tượng) will change… =

-Thời gian: between 2005 and the present day = between … and … = from … to … =
over a 5-year period

OVERVIEW (viết 2 câu)

-Overall, it is clear that (đối tượng) + (has changed / will change) considerably.

It can be seen that the main changes to (đối tượng) + be + the construction /addition/… of
B and the … of C.

Body

-Dùng câu bị động. (be + V3,Ved)

-Lưu ý cách dùng của mạo từ (articles: A/ An/ The).

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Sample:

The pictures illustrate how the layout of a school library changed over five years.

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Overall, significant changes have been made in terms of the library’s interior space
design, especially in the area to the South West of the library.

A recording studio has been constructed to replace the classroom in the west of the
library. While the meeting room remains in the same place after 5 years, the space
for the borrowing and returning desk has been separated into 2 different rooms.

In the center of the library, more private tables have been set up for students to
study at the moment than before. Additionally, there were 2 areas for book shelves
to the North and South of the library 5 years ago; however, the one to the South as
well as (cũng như) the desk for computers in the North East corner has been
converted into desks for student’s laptops. Further down the south, it can be seen
that the library office has been removed to make way for a new conference room.

-nhắc tới lần đầu phải kèm vị trí

-nên mô tả những cái gần nhau theo thứ tự trên xuống, trái sang phải.

HTHT >< QKĐ

-HTHT: hành động kéo dài từ QK tới HT (dùng khi có For/since)

(vd: I have learned English for over 10 years.)

-HTHT: h/d chấm dứt rồi + ko có tgian cụ thể >< QKĐ: chấm dứt + có tgian cụ thể

Ex: I have been to TL.

I went to TL a year ago.

TASK1: MIXED CHARTS

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-Information:

-Time:

-Measurement:

-Categories:

Paraphrase:

Outline:

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The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water
consumption in two different countries.

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-Paraphrase:

water use = water consumption - water usage - the consumption of water - the amount of
water consumed/used - how much water was used

-worldwide (adv) = global (a) = in the world (adv) = international(ly) = all over the
world

Body: viết về các bước có trong process:

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+Sử dụng câu bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn

+Sử dụng các từ nối để chuyển tiếp thông tin (Sequencing words):

 The mixed chart illustrates both the trends in ... and the distribution of ..., showing
how one category steadily increases while another fluctuates over time.

 While the line graph indicates a continuous rise in ..., the bar chart reflects a
significant decline in ..., suggesting contrasting trends between the two.

 The data from both charts reveals a noticeable difference, as ... experienced a steady
increase, whereas ... fluctuated significantly during the same period.

 Although ... showed a steady increase, the bar chart demonstrates that ... saw sharp
variations in its values over the same timeframe.

 While the line graph for ... presents a smooth upward trend, the bar chart indicates a
sharp decrease in ..., highlighting the contrasting movements of the two categories.

 According to the mixed chart, ... remained relatively stable throughout the period,
while ... showed significant growth in the same timeframe.

 The combination of both the bar chart and line graph illustrates how ... steadily
increased, whereas ... experienced periods of fluctuation.

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 The data highlights that, despite a steady increase in ..., the bar chart shows that ... had
an erratic performance, with frequent spikes and drops.

 As the line graph shows a gradual upward movement in ..., the bar chart indicates a
corresponding decrease in ..., revealing a clear contrast between the two datasets.

 The mixed chart demonstrates that, while ... saw a steady rise, ... faced fluctuations,
which suggests differing trends in the two categories over time.

TASK 1: MAPS
Trong đề thi thường có 2-3 bản đồ thể hiện sự thay đổi của cùng 1 địa điểm vào 2-3 mốc
thời gian khác nhau (QK-HT, HT-TL, QK-HT-TL). Sự thay đổi này có thể là sự xây
mới/di dời/dỡ bỏ… của các công trình xây dựng, nhà cửa, cây cối…
Cần phải biết cách mô tả vị trí cũng như mô tả sự thay đổi của các cơ sở vật chất qua thời
gian; cũng như kĩ năng chọn lọc thông tin, nhóm thông tin, mô tả và so sánh thông tin có
trong bản đồ.
-Đa phần dùng câu bị động
(vì các công trình hoặc cây cối không tự mọc lên hay tự di dời được mà cần sự tác động
của con người).
-Tense: tùy theo mốc thời gian của bản đồ.
MÔ TẢ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG (Directional language)
On the left-hand corner
At the right-hand bottom of
At the top of
In the middle of
On/To the left side/ right side

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-A is at right angles to B (A nằm vuông góc với B)
-A is parallel /ˈper.ə.lel/ to C (A song song với C)

 The map reveals a significant change in ..., with new developments added in ...

 Over the years, the area has transformed from ... to ..., with considerable expansion
in ...

 The map highlights key changes, including the addition of ... in the region.
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 There was a noticeable increase in the construction of ... in ...

 The area saw a complete overhaul, with ... replaced by ...

 The transformation of ... is evident, with more modern facilities replacing older
structures.

 The map shows the gradual development of ..., growing from ... to ...

 ... expanded significantly, covering an area previously occupied by ...

 In contrast to earlier years, the area now includes ... and ...

 The layout of ... has undergone significant changes, with many areas being
redeveloped.

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