LCD Timing

‰ One can put data at any location in the

INTERFACING INTERFACING
LCD TO 8051
LCD and the following shows address LCD TO 8051
tDSW = Data set up time
= 195 ns (minimum)
locations and how they are accessed Data
LCD Data RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 LCD Data tH = Data hold time
Sheet Sheet
tH = 10 ns (minimum)
0 0 1 A A A A A A A E tDSW

(cont’)
R/W tAS tPWH tAH

¾ AAAAAAA=000_0000 to 010_0111 for line1

RS
¾ AAAAAAA=100_0000 to 110_0111 for line2 tAH = Hold time after E has
The upper address
come down for both RS and
range can go as LCD Addressing for the LCDs of 40×2 size
R/W = 10 ns (minimum)
high as 0100111
DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
for the 40- tPWH = Enable pulse width
character-wide Line1 (min) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 450 ns (minimum)
LCD, which Line1 (max) 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
tAS = Set up time prior to E
corresponds to Line2 (min) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (going high) for both RS and
locations 0 to 39 Line2 (max) 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 R/W = 140 ns (minimum)

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HANEL National Cheng Kung University 9
HANEL National Cheng Kung University 10

‰ ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) are ‰ ADC804 IC is an analog-to-digital

INTERFACING INTERFACING
TO ADC AND
among the most widely used devices TO ADC AND
converter
SENSORS for data acquisition SENSORS ¾ It works with +5 volts and has a resolution
¾ A physical quantity, like temperature, of 8 bits
ADC Devices pressure, humidity, and velocity, etc., is ADC804 Chip ¾ Conversion time is another major factor in
converted to electrical (voltage, current) judging an ADC
signals using a device called a transducer, ƒ Conversion time is defined as the time it takes
or sensor the ADC to convert the analog input to a digital
(binary) number
‰ We need an analog-to-digital converter ƒ In ADC804 conversion time varies depending on
to translate the analog signals to digital the clocking signals applied to CLK R and CLK IN
numbers, so microcontroller can read pins, but it cannot be faster than 110 µs

them

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HANEL National Cheng Kung University 12

3
 +5V power supply

CLK IN and CLK R

or a reference
voltage when ‰
INTERFACING Differential analog
+5V INTERFACING
CLK IN is an input pin connected to an
Vref/2 input is open
¾
TO ADC AND inputs where Vin 20 (not connected) TO ADC AND
SENSORS
= Vin (+) – Vin (-) 10k
POT
6 Vin(+)
VCC
D0 18
SENSORS external clock source
Vin (-) is connected 7 D1 17
To use the internal clock generator
Vin(-)
8 D2 16 ¾
to ground and Vin A GND 15
9 D3
ADC804 Chip (+) is used as the
19
Vref /2
D4 14
13
To LEDs
ADC804 Chip (also called self-clocking), CLK IN and
analog input to be CLK R D5
(cont’) converted 10k D6
D7
12
11 (cont’) CLK R pins are connected to a capacitor
150 pF
4 CLK in 3
and a resistor, and the clock frequency
CS is an active low WR
INTR 5
+5V is determined by
1
input used to activate 1 CS normally
ADC804 2 RD open 20
f =
1.1 RC
VCC
10 D GND START 6 Vin(+) D0 18
7 D1 17
Vin(-)
ƒ Typical values are R = 10K ohms and C =
8 16
A GND D2
“output enable” 9 Vref /2 D3
15
14
a high-to-low RD pulse is
“end of conversion” “start conversion”
19
CLK R
D4
D5 13
12
150 pF
D6
used to get the 8-bit
ƒ We get f = 606 kHz and the conversion time
D7 11
When the conversion is When WR makes a low-to-
converted data out of 4
is 110 µs
high transition, ADC804 CLK in 3
finished, it goes low to signal WR
ADC804 starts converting the analog INTR 5
the CPU that the converted 1 CS
2 RD
data is ready to be picked up input value of Vin to an 8- 10 D GND
bit digital number

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HANEL National Cheng Kung University 14

‰ Vref/2 ‰ D0-D7
INTERFACING INTERFACING
TO ADC AND ¾ It is used for the reference voltage TO ADC AND ¾ The digital data output pins
ƒ If this pin is open (not connected), the analog These are tri-state buffered
SENSORS SENSORS ¾
input voltage is in the range of 0 to 5 volts (the
ƒ The converted data is accessed only when CS =
same as the Vcc pin)
ADC804 Chip ADC804 Chip 0 and RD is forced low
ƒ If the analog input range needs to be 0 to 4
(cont’) volts, Vref/2 is connected to 2 volts (cont’) ¾ To calculate the output voltage, use the
following formula
Vref/2 Relation to Vin Range
V in
D out =
+5V +5V
Vref/2(v) Vin(V) Step Size ( mV)
6 Vin(+)
20
VCC
18 Not connected* 0 to 5 5/256=19.53 6 Vin(+)
20
VCC
D0 18
step size
D0
7 D1 17 7 D1 17
Vin(-)
2.0 0 to 4 4/255=15.62 Vin(-)
8
9
A GND
Vref /2
D2
D3
16
15
8
9
A GND
Vref /2
D2
D3
16
15 ƒ Dout = digital data output (in decimal),
14 1.5 0 to 3 3/256=11.71 D4 14
ƒ Vin = analog voltage, and
19 D4 19
13 13
CLK R D5
12
CLK R D5 12
D6
11 1.28 0 to 2.56 2.56/256=10 D6 11
ƒ step size (resolution) is the smallest change
D7 D7
4 CLK in
WR
3 1.0 0 to 2 2/256=7.81 4 CLK in
WR
3

INTR 5 INTR 5
1 CS 0.5 0 to 1 1/256=3.90 1 CS
2 RD 2 RD
10 10
D GND Step size is the smallest change can be discerned by an ADC D GND

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4
 ‰ The following steps must be followed
‰ Analog ground and digital ground
INTERFACING INTERFACING for data conversion by the ADC804 chip
¾ Analog ground is connected to the ground
TO ADC AND TO ADC AND ¾ Make CS = 0 and send a low-to-high pulse
of the analog Vin to pin WR to start conversion
SENSORS SENSORS
¾ Digital ground is connected to the ground ¾ Keep monitoring the INTR pin
of the Vcc pin ƒ If INTR is low, the conversion is finished
ADC804 Chip ADC804 Chip ƒ If the INTR is high, keep polling until it goes low
(cont’) ‰ To isolate the analog Vin signal from (cont’) ¾ After the INTR has become low, we make
transient voltages caused by digital CS = 0 and send a high-to-low pulse to the
+5V switching of the output D0 – D7 RD pin to get the data out of the ADC804
6 Vin(+)
20
VCC
18
¾ This contributes to the accuracy of the CS

digital data output

D0
7 D1 17
Vin(-)
8 16
A GND D2 15
9 D3
Vref /2
D4 14 WR
19 13
CLK R D5
12
D6
D7 11 D0-D7 Data out
End conversion
4 CLK in
WR
3 INTR
1 INTR 5 Start conversion
CS
2 RD RD
10
D GND
CS is set to low for both Read it
RD and WR pulses
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HANEL National Cheng Kung University 18

The binary outputs are

ADC804 Free Running Test Mode Examine the ADC804 connection to the 8051 in Figure 12-7. Write a program to
monitored on the LED monitor the INTR pin and bring an analog input into register A. Then call a
INTERFACING +5V of the digital trainer INTERFACING hex-to ACSII conversion and data display subroutines. Do this continuously.
TO ADC AND 10k
20
VCC
TO ADC AND ;p2.6=WR (start conversion needs to L-to-H pulse)
SENSORS SENSORS
6 Vin(+) 18 ;p2.7 When low, end-of-conversion)
POT D0
7 Vin(-) D1 17
16 ;p2.5=RD (a H-to-L will read the data from ADC chip)
8 A GND D2
9 D3 15 ;p1.0 – P1.7= D0 - D7 of the ADC804
Vref /2 To LEDs
Testing 19
CLK R
D4
D5
14
13 Testing ;
MOV P1,#0FFH ;make P1 = input
ADC804 ADC804
D6 12
10k 11 BACK: CLR P2.6 ;WR = 0
150 pF D7
4 CLK in 3
(cont’) SETB P2.6 ;WR = 1 L-to-H to start conversion
WR HERE: JB P2.7,HERE ;wait for end of conversion
1 CS INTR 5 normally CLR P2.5 ;conversion finished, enable RD
2 RD open MOV A,P1 ;read the data
10 D GND START ACALL CONVERSION ;hex-to-ASCII conversion
ACALL DATA_DISPLAY;display the data
SETB p2.5 ;make RD=1 for next round
The CS input is SJMP BACK
a potentiometer used to
grounded and the
apply a 0-to-5 V analog
WR input is
voltage to input Vin (+)
connected to the
of the 804 ADC
INTR output

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HANEL National Cheng Kung University 19
HANEL National Cheng Kung University 20