ORAL COMM
I. NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication – The process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings
between individuals or groups through spoken or written language, gestures, or visual
representation.
Elements of Communication
1. Sender – initiates message
2. Message – idea or information
3. Receiver – interprets message
4. Channel – medium used (face-to-face, written, digital)
5. Feedback – response from receiver
6. Noise – interference in communication
II. VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication – uses words (oral or written)
Nonverbal Communication – uses body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone,
silence
III. FEATURES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Pitch – highness or lowness of voice
Volume – loudness or softness
Intonation – rise and fall of voice
Stress (Emphasis) – highlighting words for meaning
Pace – rhythm of speech
Speed – how fast or slow you speak
Clarity – clear pronunciation
Fluency – smoothness and confidence in speaking
IV. TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Proxemics – personal space and distance
Kinesics – body movements (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact)
Chronemics – time usage and punctuality
Haptics – communication through touch
Appearance – grooming, clothing
Colors – meaning and emotions conveyed by colors
Paralanguage – tone, pitch, and how words are said
V. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION (TYPES OF NOISE)
Physical Noise – external distractions (traffic, loud sounds)
Physiological Noise – body-related issues (hearing loss, illness)
Psychological Noise – stress, emotions, bias
Semantic Noise – misunderstanding of words (jargon, slang)
Cultural Noise – different cultural norms and interpretations
Language Barrier – different languages or poor grammar
VI. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Linear Model – one-way, no feedback (e.g., announcement)
Interactive Model – two-way, feedback with turn-taking (e.g., phone call)
Transactional Model – simultaneous exchange, dynamic (e.g., conversation)
VII. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Regulation/Control – managing behavior (e.g., rules)
2. Social Interaction – building relationships
3. Motivation – inspiring action
4. Information Dissemination – sharing knowledge
5. Emotional Expression – expressing feelings
INFOGRAPHIC
What is an Infographic?
A visual representation of information that combines text, graphics, and design to make
content easy to understand and attractive.
Used to simplify complex information and present it in a quick, clear, and engaging way.