BUILDING
COMPONENTS
PLAN
A house plan is a set of
construction or
working drawings (sometimes
called blueprints) that define all the
construction specifications of a
residential house such as the
dimensions, materials, layouts,
installation methods and techniques.
ELEVATION
The exterior view of a
building from one side.
It includes detailed
illustrations of
windows, doors, and
other exterior elements.
SECTION
SECTION OF A BUILDING
A section is an orthographic 2D drawing that uses an
imaginary vertical plane to “cut” the building.
On one side of the plane, the building is removed so that the
construction of whatever is sliced can be seen.
The slice is typically made perpendicular to the wall it is
cutting through.
FOUNDATION
A foundation is the lowest part of a building or structure, directly in
contact with the soil, responsible for transferring the load of the structure
to the ground.
It acts as the groundwork, ensuring the building’s stability and preventing
any structural failures.
PLINTH LEVEL
A plinth is the part of a building that provides a raised
platform, constructed on top of the foundation, to support walls
or other superstructure elements and protect them from moisture,
settlement, and pests.
The plinth is more than just a physical separator between the
foundation and the walls.
Earth Filling
Earth Filling
• This process involves filling an excavated or leveled
area with soil or earth materials to create a stable, level
base for various construction activities.
• Earth filling, often referred to as land filling or soil
filling.
DAMP PROOF COURSE
The Role of Damp Proof Course
Damp Proof Course, or DPC, is the first line of defense
against moisture infiltration in buildings.
It serves as a barrier that prevents the movement of water
through walls and floors, thereby protecting the structure
from the adverse effects of dampness.
RCC COLUMN
RCC COLUMN
• The RCC column is a vertical structure that is
designed for carrying compressive loads.
• It is mainly made up of reinforced concrete with steel
bars.
• This helps improve strength and durability.
LINTEL
A lintel is a horizontal support beam used in construction
to span the space above an opening in a wall, typically
placed above windows, doors, or any other voids.
Its primary purpose is to bear the load from the
structure above, preventing the weight of the upper
wall or roof from placing pressure on the opening.
SILL LEVEL
The level from the floor level to where the window opening starts
(moving upwards) is known as the sill level.
The sill level helps to hold the water out of the window and keep the
inside dry.
Moreover, it gives structure stability for the window opening.
Sill Level
lintel width =same as
the width of the wall
thickness is between 4”
to 6”
The ceiling height is kept
from 9’ 6” to 10’ 6
CHHAJJAS
A chhajja is an overhanging eave or roof covering found
in Indian architecture.
It is characterised with large support brackets with
different artistic designs.
Length of Chhajjas = Width of Window + 0.15m Bearing
on both Side
Width of Chhajjas = 0.45 m to 0.60 m.
RCC Beam
An RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) beam is a load-
bearing structural component made of concrete
reinforced with steel bars (rebar).
The combination of concrete’s compressive strength and
steel’s tensile strength makes RCC beams the preferred
choice for high-rise buildings, bridges, and industrial
structures.
Roof or RCC Slab
RCC slab is a structural element that provides a
horizontal planar surface for floors, roofs, decks, etc.,
used in the construction of numerous structures.
RCC slab construction involves a combination of
concrete and steel reinforcement.
Parapet Wall
The parapet wall height is 3 ft or 0.90 m
In the field of construction, a parapet refers to a protective
barrier or wall-like structure that is typically built along
the edge of a roof, balcony, or terrace.
Often seen in architectural designs and structural
engineering, parapets serve both functional and aesthetic
purposes.
Copping
Coping in construction means covering the exposed top
of the roof or wall with a layer of stone, bricks,
terracotta, or concrete.
Generally, Coping keep the building safe from seepage
of water during rainfall and bad weather conditions.
It is appropriately weathered and undertakes throating.
Thank you