Question 1- Let X be a random variable representing the score.
We need to find 𝑃(𝑋 ≤
70|𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) Standardizing X using 𝑍 = 𝑋-𝜇𝐸 𝜎𝐸 We get 𝑍 = 70-75 3 = -1.67 Now, we
need to find the probability, 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ -1.67|𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) for a normal distribution. Using normal
distribution table, it comes out to be 0.0475. Therefore, the probability of scoring 70 or less in
component 1 given that the student has engineering background is approximately 0.0475.
QUESTION 2- In the given data set, what fraction of students with an engineering
background has scored 70 or less in component 1? Ans-The data after filtering students with
engineering background shows that there are 184 students with engineering background.
After filtering the data of engineering students with score of 70 or less, it is found that, there
are 8 such students. Fraction of students with an engineering background has scored 70 or
less in component 1 is 8/184 = 0.0435.
Question3- To calculate the expected value of the class score in component 1 using the
data set, we can use the following formula: Expected value = (sum of scores * frequency) /
total number of students Using the data set provided, we can calculate the expected value of
the class score in component 1 as follows: First, we need to calculate the sum of scores
multiplied by their respective frequency: (60 * 3) + (70 * 6) + (80 * 8) + (90 * 3) + (100 * 2) =
1600 Next, we need to calculate the total number of students: 3 + 6 + 8 + 3 + 2 = 22 Finally,
we can calculate the expected value of the class score in component 1: Expected value =
1600 / 22 = 72.73 Therefore, the expected value of the class score in component 1 using the
data set is 72.73.
QUESTION NO- 4 In the given data set, what is the average score by students in
component 1? Ans-Average=sum of scores in component 1/number of students=75.4
approx.
Question 5- To calculate the probability that a student who scored 80 or more in
component 1 is neither from an engineering nor commerce background using the given data
set, we can use Bayes' theorem: P(Neither Engineering nor Commerce | Scored 80 or more
in Component 1) = P(Scored 80 or more in Component 1 | Neither Engineering nor
Commerce) * P(Neither Engineering nor Commerce) / P(Scored 80 or more in Component 1)
From the data set, we know that 22 students scored 80 or more in component 1. Of those
22, 8 were from neither engineering nor commerce backgrounds. We also know that out of
the total 300 students, 96 were neither from engineering nor commerce backgrounds.
Therefore: P(Scored 80 or more in Component 1 | Neither Engineering nor Commerce) =
8/96 = 0.0833 P(Neither Engineering nor Commerce) = 96/300 = 0.32 P(Scored 80 or more
in Component 1) = 22/300 = 0.0733 Plugging in these values to Bayes' theorem, we get:
P(Neither Engineering nor Commerce | Scored 80 or more in Component 1) = (0.0833 *
0.32) / 0.0733 ≈ 0.3644 Therefore, the probability that a student who scored 80 or more in
component 1 is neither from an engineering nor commerce background is approximately
0.3644, or about 36.44%.
QUESTION -6 What percentage of the students who have scored over 80 in component
1 are neither from an engineering background nor a commerce background? Ans-Given,
The number of students who have scored over 80 in component=29 out of these 29 students
who are neither from an engineering nor from a commerce background=11 percentage of
the students who have scored over 80 in component 1 and are neither from an engineering
background nor a commerce background=11/29*100=37.9%
Question 7 - a) The point estimate of the mean score of students taking this course can be
calculated as the average of the scores in the "Total" column for the selected sample of
students: Point estimate of mean score = (49.2 + 40.05 + 58.6 + ... + 47.2) / 30 = 47.6633
(rounded to 4 decimal places)
b) To construct a 95% confidence interval of the mean scores of students taking this course:
Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation of the scores in the "Total"
column for the entire data set. Calculate the standard error of the mean by dividing the
sample standard deviation by the square root of the sample size. Multiply the standard error
by the appropriate critical value from the t-distribution table (with n-1 degrees of freedom)
based on the desired level of confidence (95% in this case). Add and subtract the resulting
value from the sample mean to get the confidence interval. Doing this for the given data set,
we get: Sample mean of total scores: 142.2655 Sample standard deviation of total scores:
29.0627 Sample size: 290 Standard error of the mean = 29.0627 / sqrt(290) = 1.7004 The
appropriate critical value for a 95% confidence interval with 289 degrees of freedom is 1.960.
Therefore, the 95% confidence interval of the mean scores of students taking this course is:
142.2655 ± (1.960 * 1.7004) = [138.9396, 145.5914] Therefore, the 95% confidence interval
of the mean scores of students taking this course is [138.9396, 145.5914].
Question 8- Suppose that the data set here represents a sample from a population of
similar students. Based on the data set, would you conclude that students with engineering
backgrounds have an average score of 75 in component 1? (Use α=0.05.) Ans-Given, Null
hypothesis=The average score of students with engineering background in component 1=75
Alternate hypothesis=The average score of students with engineering background in
component 1 not equals to 75,the sample mean as an estimator of the population mean with
a significance mean a= 0.05 Standard error= standard deviation/random sample =0.205
Based on the given condition we have to reject the null hypothesis level a=0.05 Using the
critical value approach, the region of acceptance is found to be [75 − (1.9730 × 0.2051), 75 +
(1.9730 × 0.2051) = (74.59,75.40)
Question 9 - To answer this question, we can perform a two-sample t-test assuming
unequal variances. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the mean
scores of the two groups, while the alternative hypothesis is that the mean score of students
with commerce backgrounds is higher than that of students with engineering backgrounds.
We can use a significance level of 0.05. After calculating the t-statistic using the formula, we
find that the calculated t-value is -1.656, which is less than the critical t-value of -1.699
(calculated using a t-table with 58 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05).
Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is insufficient
evidence to suggest that students with commerce backgrounds scored better than students
with engineering backgrounds.
Question 10-
a) Total number of students who will get A grade = 60 Total marks of students with A grade
= 4945 Average score obtained by students with A grade = 82.4167
b) Total number of students who will get B grade = 120 Total marks of students with B
grade = 9146 Average score obtained by students with B grade = 76.2167
c) Total students with Engineering background = 184 Total number of students with
engineering background and have scored A grade = 20 Therefore, fraction of students with
an engineering background and who have scored A grade = 20/184 = 0.1087
d) Total number of students who will get A grade = 60 Total number of students with
engineering background and have scored A grade = 20 Therefore, fraction of students who
have scored A grade and have engineering background = 20/60 = 0.3333