Class 7 Science Sample Question Paper
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waraichmannat81Class 7 Science Sample Question Paper
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Powered by AIExcessive water loss in plants is mitigated by the closure of stomata, small openings on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange. Stomata open to allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis but close to prevent excessive water loss through transpiration, especially in dry conditions. Stomatal closure thus plays a critical role in maintaining water balance in plants .
Convection involves the transfer of heat through fluid movement, as seen in boiling water. Here, hot water rises while cooler water descends, creating a circulatory pattern. Conduction refers to heat transfer through a substance without significant particle motion, like heating a metal rod from one end. Radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, as with heat from the sun warming the Earth. These processes demonstrate the diverse mechanisms of heat transfer in different contexts .
Rhizobium bacteria engage in a symbiotic relationship with legume plants, wherein they inhabit the root nodules and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form usable by the plant. This process enriches the soil with nitrogen compounds, fostering plant growth and development .
Nitrogen is vital for plants because it is a major component of chlorophyll, the compound plants use in photosynthesis, and amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Plants typically acquire nitrogen through nitrogen fixation, a natural process where bacteria such as Rhizobium convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can assimilate .
Autotrophic nutrition involves organisms like plants producing their own food through processes like photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic nutrition involves organisms like animals consuming other organisms for energy. These nutritional modes are significant as they define energy flow within ecosystems, with autotrophs forming the base of food chains and heterotrophs driving energy transfer through various trophic levels .
Chlorophyll is crucial for photosynthesis as it absorbs light, usually sunlight, and converts it into chemical energy. This energy is used to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a sugar that provides energy and structural material to the plant, while oxygen is released as a byproduct .
Blood clotting involves a series of reactions leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh that seals wounds. Platelets form a temporary plug which, combined with clotting factors and fibrin threads, creates a stable clot. This process is crucial in preventing excessive blood loss and protecting against infections, thus maintaining the body's homeostatic balance following injury .
The plant's vascular system, composed of the xylem and phloem, is essential for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients. Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves, where they are used in photosynthesis. This system works under the pull created by transpiration. Phloem distributes the photosynthetic products from leaves to other parts of the plant. Together, these components ensure optimal distribution and use of vital nutrients throughout the plant, enabling growth and development .
The heating effect of electric current is significant because it can be harnessed for beneficial uses such as cooking and heating in appliances. However, it can become hazardous when excessive heat causes electrical fires or damage to equipment. Proper insulation, adequate ventilation, and circuit designs help mitigate these risks, ensuring the safe use of electricity in daily life .
The heating effect of electric current is utilized in devices like electric heaters and incandescent bulbs, where current flows through high-resistance wires, generating heat. The magnetic effect can be observed in devices such as electric motors and electromagnetic cranes, where current flowing through coils produces a magnetic field that performs work. These effects illustrate the principles of energy transformation and application of electromagnetism in technology .