Problem Solving & Problem Analysis Chart (PAC)
1. Problem Solving
Problem Solving is a systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and solving problems. It is
essential for engineers as it helps in logical and structured thinking.
2. Steps in Problem Solving
1. Identify Problem – Clearly define the problem.
2. Understand – Gather facts and data.
3. Analyze – Break into smaller parts.
4. Generate Solutions – Brainstorm options.
5. Select Solution – Choose the best one (cost, time, efficiency).
6. Implement – Execute step by step.
7. Verify & Evaluate – Test and improve.
3. Problem Analysis Chart (PAC)
A Problem Analysis Chart helps organize problems systematically.
Structure: Problem Statement, Input, Process, Output, Constraints, Alternatives.
4. Example PAC – Average of 3 Numbers
Problem Find the average of 3 numbers
Input 3 numbers (x, y, z)
Process Sum = x + y + z; Average = Sum / 3
Output Average value of the numbers
Constraints Numbers should be real/integer values
Alternatives Use formula or loop
5. Problem Analysis Chart – Diagram Flow
┌───────────────┐
│ PROBLEM │
│ (Statement) │
└───────┬───────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────┐
│ INPUT │
│ (Data needed) │
└───────┬───────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────┐
│ PROCESS │
│ (Steps/Logic) │
└───────┬───────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────┐
│ OUTPUT │
│ (Result) │
└───────┬───────┘
│
┌───────▼───────┐
│ CONSTRAINTS │
│ (Limits) │
└───────┬───────┘
│
▼
┌───────────────┐
│ ALTERNATIVES │
│ (Other ways) │
└───────────────┘