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Thermodynamics Homework Questions

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15 views5 pages

Thermodynamics Homework Questions

Uploaded by

sanaerbh792
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Homework 5

CHE1401

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Objects can possess energy as ________. 1)

(a) endothermic energy


(b) potential energy
(c) kinetic energy

A) a only B) b only C) c only D) a and c E) b and c

2) When a system ________, E is always negative. 2)


A) gives off heat and does work
B) absorbs heat and does work
C) gives off heat and has work done on it
D) absorbs heat and has work done on it
E) None of the above is always negative.

3) Which one of the following is an endothermic process? 3)


A) boiling soup
B) water freezing
C) ice melting
D) Hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide are mixed at 25 °C: the temperature increases.
E) Both A and C

4) Which one of the following is an exothermic process? 4)


A) boiling soup
B) condensation of water vapor
C) ice melting
D) water evaporating
E) Ammonium thiocyanate and barium hydroxide are mixed at 25 °C: the temperature drops.

5) Of the following, which one is a state function? 5)


A) q
B) H
C) heat
D) w
E) none of the above

6) Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? 6)


A) E = Efinal - Einitial
B) Energy lost by the system must be gained by the surroundings.
C) 1 cal = 4.184 J (exactly)
1
D) Ek = mv2
2
E) A negative H corresponds to an exothermic process.

1
7) H for an endothermic process is ________ while H for an exothermic process is ________. 7)
A) positive, zero
B) positive, negative
C) zero, positive
D) negative, positive
E) zero, negative

8) The reaction 8)

4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) 2 Al2 O3 (s) H° = -3351 kJ

is ________, and therefore heat is ________ by the reaction.


A) endothermic, absorbed
B) exothermic, absorbed
C) endothermic, released
D) exothermic, released
E) thermoneutral, neither released nor absorbed

9) When ________ is constant, the enthalpy change of a process equal to the amount of heat 9)
transferred into or out of the system?
A) temperature
B) volume
C) temperature and volume
D) pressure and volume
E) pressure

10) The units of heat capacity are ________. 10)


A) J/mol
B) K/J or °C/J
C) J/g-K or J/g-°C
D) g-K/J or g-°C/J
E) J/K or J/°C

11) The units of specific heat are ________. 11)


A) J/mol
B) g-K/J or g-°C/J
C) J/K or J/°C
D) K/J or °C/J
E) J/g-K or J/g-°C

12) Which of the following is a statement of Hess's law? 12)


A) If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the H for the reaction will equal the product of
the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.
B) If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the H for the reaction will equal the sum of the
enthalpy changes for the individual steps.
C) The H of a reaction depends on the physical states of the reactants and products.
D) The H for a process in the forward direction is equal to the H for the process in the reverse
direction.
E) The H for a process in the forward direction is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to
the H for the process in the reverse direction.

2
13) For which one of the following reactions is H°rxn equal to the heat of formation of the product? 13)
A) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH 3 (g)
B) 12C (g) + 11H 2 (g) + 11O (g) C6 H22O11 (g)
C) P (g) + 4H (g) + Br (g) PH4 Br (l)
D) 6C (s) + 6H (g) C6 H6 (l)
E) (1/2)N2 (g) + O2 (g) NO2 (g)

14) Consider the following two reactions: 14)

A 2B H°rxn = 456.7 kJ/mol


A C H°rxn = -22.1 kJ/mol

Determine the enthalpy change for the process:

2B C
A) -434.6 kJ/mol
B) -478.8 kJ/mol
C) 478.8 kJ/mol
D) 434.6 kJ/mol
E) More information is needed to solve the problem.

15) In the reaction below, H°f is zero for ________. 15)

Ni (s) + 2CO (g) + 2PF3 (g) Ni(CO)2 (PF3 )2 (l)

A) Ni (s)
B) Ni(CO)2 (PF3 )2 (l)
C) PF3 (g)
D) CO (g)
E) both CO (g) and PF3 (g)

16) For the combustion reaction of methane, H°f is zero for ________. 16)

CH4 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(g) + CO2 (g)

A) CH4 (g)
B) H2 O (g)
C) O2 (g)
D) CO2 (g)
E) Both O2 (g) and CH4 (g)

17) The internal energy of a system is always increased by ________. 17)


A) adding heat to the system
B) withdrawing heat from the system
C) adding heat to the system and having the system do work on the surroundings
D) a volume decompression
E) having the system do work on the surroundings

3
18) The internal energy of a system ________. 18)
A) refers only to the energies of the nuclei of the atoms of the component molecules
B) is the sum of the rotational, vibrational, and translational energies of all of its components
C) is the sum of the kinetic energy of all of its components
D) is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the components
E) none of the above

19) The internal energy can be increased by ________. 19)

(a) transferring heat from the surroundings to the system


(b) transferring heat from the system to the surroundings
(c) doing work on the system

A) a only B) b only C) c only D) b and c E) a and c

20) A ________ H corresponds to an ________ process. 20)


A) negative, endothermic
B) negative, exothermic
C) positive, exothermic
D) zero, exothermic
E) zero, endothermic

4
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1

1) E
2) A
3) E
4) B
5) B
6) B
7) B
8) D
9) E
10) E
11) E
12) B
13) E
14) B
15) A
16) C
17) A
18) D
19) E
20) B

Common questions

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The enthalpy of formation is set to zero for pure elements in their standard states to establish a baseline for measuring the enthalpy changes associated with forming compounds from these elements. This convention simplifies thermodynamic calculations by allowing chemists to focus on changes related to compound formation and decomposition rather than dealing with baseline element-specific shifts .

The internal energy of a system increases when heat is transferred to it or when work is done on it; both actions add energy to the system . This relationship underscores the principle of energy conservation, ensuring that the total energy in a closed system remains constant, accounting for exchanges between work, heat, and internal energy changes.

Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius, with units J/g-K or J/g-°C . Heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of a substance by one degree Celsius, with units J/K or J/°C . Specific heat is an intrinsic property, whereas heat capacity also depends on the amount of substance.

Endothermic processes absorb heat from the surroundings, resulting in a positive change in enthalpy (∆H > 0) because the system gains energy. Examples include ice melting and boiling soup . Exothermic processes release heat to the surroundings, leading to a negative change in enthalpy (∆H < 0) as the system loses energy. An example is the condensation of water vapor .

The internal energy change of a system, ∆E, is influenced by heat transfer and work performed. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy change is the sum of heat absorbed by the system and the work done on it. Internal energy increases with heat added or work done on the system and decreases when heat is lost or the system does work on its surroundings .

The enthalpy change of a process equals the heat transferred when the pressure is constant. This is significant because it allows for the direct measurement of heat flow in experiments conducted at constant atmospheric pressure, which is common in laboratory settings .

Hess's law states that if a chemical reaction can be expressed as the sum of a series of steps, the total enthalpy change of the reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual steps . This principle allows for the calculation of reaction enthalpies by breaking complex reactions into simpler steps for which enthalpies are known, regardless of the pathway taken.

A positive enthalpy change (∆H) signifies an endothermic process where heat is absorbed, whereas a negative ∆H indicates an exothermic process where heat is released . This understanding allows chemists to predict energy flow in reactions and design processes that require or release specific energy quantities, such as in industrial applications.

The relationship between internal energy (U), heat (q), and work (w) in a thermodynamic system is described by the equation ∆U = q + w, the change in internal energy equals the sum of heat added to the system and the work done on it. Changes in internal energy reflect the energy transferred as either work or heat .

A state function is a property whose value does not depend on the path taken to reach that specific value but only on the present state of the system. Enthalpy (H) is considered a state function because it depends only on the initial and final states of a system, not on how the change occurs . In contrast, heat (q) and work (w) are path-dependent and therefore not state functions.

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