Java OOPs

(Object-Oriented

a
Programming)

an
concepts
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

[Link]
1
1. Class
Description:
A class is a blueprint or template from which
objects are created. It defines the properties
(fields) and behaviors (methods) that the

a
objects of that class will have.

an
✅ Example:
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

2
2. Object
Description:
An object is an instance of a class. It represents a
real-world entity and has state (fields) and
behavior (methods).

a
an
✅ Example:
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

3
3. Inheritance
Description:
Inheritance allows one class (child/subclass) to
acquire properties and behaviors of another class
(parent/superclass). It promotes code reusability.

a
✅ Example:

an
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

4
4. Encapsulation
Description:
Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data
(variables) and code (methods) into a single unit
(class) and hiding the internal details from outside

a
access.

an
✅ Example:
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

Encapsulation ensures data hiding and promotes

5
5. Polymorphism
Description:
Polymorphism means having many forms. It
allows the same method to perform different
behaviors based on the object or parameters.

a
an
There are two types:
●​Compile-time polymorphism (Method

m
Overloading)
●​Runtime polymorphism (Method Overriding)
tra
✅ Example 1: Method Overloading
at
nk

(Compile-time)
ve
@

6
✅ Example 2: Method Overriding (Runtime)

a
an
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

7
6. Abstraction
Description:
Abstraction is the process of hiding complex
implementation details and showing only the
necessary parts. It is implemented via abstract

a
classes and interfaces.

an
✅ Example: Abstract Class
m
tra
at
nk

You cannot create an object of an abstract class,

but you can subclass it and implement the

8
7. Interface
Description:
An interface is a reference type in Java that can
contain only constants, method signatures, default
methods, and static methods. It is a contract that

a
classes agree to implement.

an
✅ Example:
m
tra
at
nk

Interfaces support multiple inheritance

APIs.
@

9
8. Constructor & Constructor Overloading
Description:
A constructor is a special method used to initialize
objects. Constructor overloading allows multiple
constructors with different parameter lists.

a
✅ Example:

an
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

10
9. ‘this’ and ‘super’ Keywords

🔹 this:
Refers to the current class object.

a
an
🔹 super:
m
tra
Used to refer to the immediate parent class
at
nk
ve
@

11
10. Access Modifiers
🔹 Types:
●​private: Accessible only within the class
●​default: Accessible within the same

a
package

an
●​protected: Accessible within the package
and subclasses

m
●​public: Accessible from everywhere

✅ Example:
tra
at
nk
ve
@

12
11. Final Keyword
🔹 Description:
●​Final variable: Value cannot be changed
●​Final method: Cannot be overridden
●​Final class: Cannot be extended

a
✅ Example:

an
m
tra
12. Has-A vs Is-A Relationship

🔹 Is-A: Inheritance
at
nk
ve

🔹 Has-A: Composition
@

13
13. Packages
🔹 Description:
Packages are used to group related classes.
Helps in organization and avoiding name conflicts.
✅ Example:

a
an
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

14
✅ Summary Infographic (text version)

a
an
m
tra
at
nk
ve
@

15