Course

Hardware & Maintenance

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Description
• There are lots of computer system around us. All the jobs are depended on
computer. Whether laptop or desktop computer, basic knowledge is essentials. If
we have a required knowledge of any computer systems, we can find the fault very
easily and can rectify it very quickly. We don’t need to pay for the technician to fix
the issue. Without spending a cash penny you can repair the system very easily.
• This course will provide you with the knowledge of Desktop computer hardware .
Computer motherboard block diagrams are detailed. System memory, primary
memory and secondary memory covered, Switch Mode Power Supply {SMPS},
Motherboard details are available. You will learn how computer motherboard
works and the peripherals are connected .SMPS power supply and its pin outs are
briefed. All connectors and headers are covered. Front panel connectors and
power switch details can be learned.

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Course Chapters
1 Introduction to Computer Hardware Theory

2 Motherboard parts and functions Practical

3 SSD VS HDD Storage Practical

4 Computer Language / Numbering system Theory

5 Assemble and Disassemble the Desktop / Laptop Practical

6 Computer Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Techniques Practical

7 Traditional Storage and Cloud Storage Practical

8 Microsoft Office Activation 2013,2016 2019 Practical

9 Recover Deleted Files In Windows or Linux Practical

10 Workshop / Group Presentation

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 Chapter 1
Introduction to Computer Hardware

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computer
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according
to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information.

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type writer machine

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Functions of a Computer
• Data input.
• Data processing.
• Information output.
• Data and information storage

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Monitor
• The Monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to
display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that
allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have
built-in speakers.

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Keyboard

• The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There
are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you
to accomplish the same basic tasks.

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Mouse
• The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers.
Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the
screen, click on them, and move them.

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A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU),
or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer.

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Motherboard

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Motherboard

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Who and When

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Hardware

• The term hardware refers to Mechanical device that makes up computer.

Computer hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that we can
use to control computer’s operation

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Software

• A set of instructions that drives computer to do stipulated tasks is

called a program. Software instructions are programmed in a
computer language, translated into machine language, and
executed by computer. Software can be categorized into two types
• System software
• Application software

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Input vs Output

• An input is data that a computer receives. An output is data that a

computer sends.

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Binary
• Binary is a base-2 number system invented by Gottfried Leibniz that's made up of
only two numbers or digits: 0 (zero) and 1 (one). This numbering system is the
basis for all binary code.

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Why Do Computers use Binary Numbers?
• The binary numbering system is used in computing and electronics because
it’s the simplest counting method(0&1)

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Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
• Algorithms are instructions for solving a problem or completing a task.
Recipes are algorithms, as are math equations. Computer code is
algorithmic. The internet runs on algorithms and all online searching is
accomplished through them.
• Considered the founder of Algebra.

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 System software &
Application software

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Software

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Programming Software

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Application Software

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Android
• Key Takeaways. The Android operating system was developed by Google
(GOOGLE​) for use in all of its touchscreen devices, tablets, and cell
phones. This operating system was first developed by Android Inc., a
software company located in Silicon Valley before it was acquired by
Google in 2005.

first commercial Android device, the HTC Dream, being launched in September 2008.

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 Chapter 2
Motherboard parts and functions

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DDR4 vs DDR3 DIMMs

• DDR3 modules use 240 pins and DDR4 DIMMs use 288 pins. Both DDR3 and DDR4
DIMMs are 5¼ inch (133.35 mm) in length but the pins in DDR4 are spaced closer
(0.85mm) than DDR3 (1mm).

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• Volatile memory is a types of computer memory that requires power to
maintain the stored information.

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• Non-volatile memory or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that
can retrieve stored information even after having been power cycle (turned off
and back on)

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Non-Volatile memory

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 KNOW THIS BEFORE BUYING A
LOPTOP/COMPUTER

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IEEE
• Institute of Electrical electronic Engineering
• Preferred this recommendation

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Intel vs RYZEN

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 Chapter 3
SSD VS HDD Storage

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LAB/ Practical
CMD run administrator

Scanning Removing Viruses

 SFC /Scannow
 attrib -h -r -s /s /d c:\*.*
 DISM /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth

Deleting Junk files

 del /q /f /s %temp%\*

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 Chapter 4
Computer Language

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Binary system
• The binary system is a way of representing data using 0 and 1. This system is
used by computers to represent all the data it works with.

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Binary
• Binary is a base-2 number system invented by Gottfried Leibniz that's made up of
only two numbers or digits: 0 (zero) and 1 (one). This numbering system is the
basis for all binary code.

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Why Do Computers use Binary Numbers?
• The binary numbering system is used in computing and electronics because
it’s the simplest counting method(0&1)

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 Why Do Computers use Binary
Numbers?

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• The binary numbering system is used in computing and electronics
because it’s the simplest counting method available. In addition, the binary
numbering system is used to code everything from memory to images on
the screen.

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ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange

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Example

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Letter into binary
• This set is called a binary code. For example, 01000001 represents letter
A, Similarly 01000010 represent letter B and 01101011 represents
lower-case letter k.

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How is ASCII used to represent text
• ASCII code allows computers to understand how to represent text. In
ASCII, each character (letter, number, symbol or control character) is
represented by a binary value. Extended ASCII is a version that
supports representation of 256 different characters.

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ASCII Chart

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Example

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 Chapter 5
Assemble and Disassemble the Desktop / Laptop

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 Chapter 6
Computer Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
Techniques

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System32

• The system32 directory contains windows system files and

software program files

• Linux /root

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Basic Windows troubleshooting commands
• Run command

1: tree
2: Temp
3: %Temp%
4: cleanmgr
5: Prefetch

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Windows Troubleshooting's ( scanning and cleaning)
CMD administrator

Scanning Removing Viruses

 SFC /Scannow
 attrib -h -r -s /s /d c:/*.*
 DISM /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth

Deleting Junk files

 Del /q /f /s %temp%\*

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Windows Troubleshooting's ( scanning and cleaning)

Search these in your star menu

1) Apps and features (for uninstall unwanted apps)

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 Chapter 7
System /Computer Care and Troubleshooting
(Hardware & Software Maintenance)

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Computer Maintenance

• Computer maintenance means keeping your computers and

laptops in good condition through regular cleanings, hard drive
updates, and virus prevention. Doing so can lengthen the lifespan
of your devices and it can also help you browse the web more safely.

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 Essential Computer Maintenance Tips

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 Data Loss prevention

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Backup Police

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Internal / External Hard Disk Backup
• Seagate hard disk.
• Seagate Internal / external best portable hard drive for most people because
it's reliable.
• speed, or storage capacity, Seagate Internal Hard Drive will deliver better results
by being cheaper and affordable than Western Digital.

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Cloud backup

Cloud backup is the process of backing up specific data and storing it in a

cloud storage system. With cloud backup, you can synchronize data at
the production site and in the cloud, meaning that any changes in the
original data will be reflected in its cloud version.

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cloud storage

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 Browser Maintenance

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Difference between Security and Privacy

• Security is the state of personal freedom or being free from

potential threats.
• privacy refers to the state of being free from unwanted
attention.

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 Chapter 7
Traditional Storage and Cloud Storage

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Introduction
• Cloud storage is a model of data storage in which the digital data is stored
in logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers (and often
locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed
by a hosting company.

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Who uses cloud computing?

• Who is using cloud computing? Organizations of every type, size,

and industry are using the cloud for a wide variety of use cases,
such as data backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual desktops.

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Cloud Hosting

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What is cloud storage?
History
 J.C.R. Licklider – One of the fathers of the cloud
based computing idea.
 Global network that allows access from
anywhere at anytime.

 Concept
 Cloud storage is a service model in which data
is maintained, managed and backed up
remotely and made available to users over a
network (typically the Internet).

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How does cloud storage work?

 Redundancy
 Core of cloud computing
 Equipment
 Data servers
 Power supplies
 Data files
 Replication

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Cloud Storage - Business Benefits
• With cloud storage, there's no need for CDs, external hard drives, or
localized servers
• Data is quickly and automatically updated in the cloud and available for
your retrieval whenever you need it
• Should your office become the victim of a burglary, fire, or natural disaster, your
data is safe and secure in the cloud, even if your physical assets are destroyed.
• One of the greatest benefits of cloud storage is its ability to grow with its users
With no need for physical, on-site storage space, you can have a smaller workspace,
less equipment to buy, and fewer IT employees to maintain your equipment and
manage your data
• IT staff's can spend more time to focusing on other important tasks to help your
business growth.
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Types of Cloud Storage

• Personal Cloud Storage

• Public Cloud Storage
• Private Cloud Storage
• Hybrid Cloud Storage

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Personal cloud storage
• Personal cloud storage (PCS) is a local network-attached storage (NAS) device
that lets users store data, photos, music, videos and other files and is optimized
for media streaming.

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Public cloud storage
• Public cloud storage is an easy way for businesses and end users to license
storage capacity from a third party to store their digital data.
• file storage for sharing and collaboration, and storage for business applications.

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Corporate Cloud Services

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Private Cloud Storage

• A private cloud is a cloud service that is not shared with any other
organization. The private cloud user has the cloud to themselves.
• HP Data Centers, Microsoft, Elastra-private cloud, and Ubuntu are the
example of a private cloud.

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Hybrid Cloud Storage

• Hybrid cloud refers to a mixed approach where an organization keeps some

information and apps on a local private network (sometimes called a private
cloud) and other types of data on a broad public cloud, like Google Drive or
Dropbox

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Advantages of Cloud Storage

• Cost
Purchasing physical storage can be expensive. Without the need for hardware
cloud storage is exceptionally cheaper per GB than using external drives.
• Accessibility
Using the cloud for storage gives you access to your files from anywhere that has an
internet connection.
• Recovery
In the event of a hard drive failure or other hardware malfunction, you can access
your files on the cloud. It acts as a backup solution for your local storage on physical
drives.
• Security
Cloud storage providers add additional layers of security to their services.

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Free Cloud Storage

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 Dropbox

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Store any file or folder
• No matter the file or folder you’re trying to save—from photos and videos
to large CAD files and PowerPoint presentation
• you can store it safely using cloud storage solutions from Dropbox.

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Access your files from multiple devices
• Dropbox offers one central hub for online file storage, file sharing, and syncing.
Whether you’re at work or on the road, your files are synced across your
devices and accessible in real time.

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Recover your files

• Accidentally delete a file or save a new version of a file you’re not

happy with? No problem. Dropbox stores copies of all deleted files
and folders for 30 days—or as many as 180 days for Dropbox
Standard, Advanced, and Enterprise plans

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 How to use Cloud Storage
Dropbox

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 [Link]

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[Link]
• [Link] is the easiest way to store and share files online. [Link] allows you to
upload and store files, photos, videos so you can quickly and easily share them
with friends, colleagues or other Internet users, by sending a simple web link.

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 pcloud

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pCloud
• pCloud is your personal cloud space where you can store all your files and folders.
• It has a user-friendly interface that clearly shows where everything is located and
what it does.
• The software is available for almost any devices and platforms –
iOS and Android devices, MacOSX, Windows OS, and all Linux distributions

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 Chapter 8
Microsoft Office Activation 2013,2016 2019

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Microsoft License

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Why Microsoft office
• As part of Microsoft 365, Office will continue to provide the best productivity
experience, so you can work, communicate, create, and collaborate.

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Why is my Microsoft Office asking for a product key?
• This can happen if you don't uninstall the pre-installed version of Office on your
new PC before installing a volume license version of Office. To stop the prompts
for activation, make sure your Office uses volume licensing and then update the
registry.

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 WPS Office
(Writer, Presentation and Spreadsheets)

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WPS
• WPS Office is an office suite for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android
• WPS Office is a free and all-in-one Office suite, highly compatible with MS Office
Word, Excel, and PPT. Can be downloaded online and free trial for Windows

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 How to active Microsoft office
(32 bit 0r 64 bit)

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Steps

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program files and program files x86

The regular Program Files folder holds 64-bit applications, while "Program Files (x86)" is
used for 32-bit applications.

64-bit applications 32-bit applications

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Note

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Additional Work arounds

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 Chapter 9
Recover Deleted Files In Windows or Linux

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Data Recovery
• Something that a lot of people don’t know is that when files are deleted
they are not actually gone forever rather they are just hidden form view
waiting to be overwritten by photos, videos and documents etc. and all you
need to pull those files off and recover them.

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free data recovery
• Many free data recovery programs exist that can help recover or
"undelete" your accidentally deleted files. Files you've already deleted are
often still present on your hard drive (or USB drive, media card,
smartphone, etc.) and can be recovered using data recovery software.

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best free file recovery
1. Recuva Recovery Software
2. Disk drill Recovery Software
3. 7 Data Recovery Software
4. Undelete 360 Data Recovery Software

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Recuva
• Recuva enables you to find deleted files from hard drive, external storage, USB
drives with quick and deep scan. It can also find data from the formatted drive
and scan inside files and restore the documents that contain a particular text
string

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How much data recover by Recuva?
• Although the free version doesn't have any limit, some files that can be found by
Recuva Professional won't appear after quick/deep scanning with the free
version; Virtual disk support is exclusive to Recuva Professional. Only the Recuva
Professional can recover files from virtual hard drives.

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Recuva Features

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Any Device / Any Location

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 How to recovery files / Documents etc.
(Practical steps)

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 Engr Mohamed Said (Tayo)
Network & Security Administrator / Cyber Security Strategist & Talent Developer

Global IT Certifications & Trainings

 Certified in Computer Hardware and Networking (CompTIA A+)
 Certified of Cisco (CCNA & CCNP) Routing and Switching
 Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)
 Microsoft Certified Solution Expert (MCSE)
 Microsoft Certified System Administration (MCSA)
 Red hat Certified System Administrated (RHCSA)
 Certified in Cloud of Computing Architecture (AWS)
 Technical IT Support Fundamentals & Cyber Security Professional (Google)
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 YOU HAVE SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED YOUR COURSE

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