PROJECTION
OF POINTS
PROJECTIONS
The shapes and sizes of three dimensional objects have to
be represented on a two dimensional drawing sheet.
Projection : is the image of an object formed on a plane
Station point : is a point where the eye of the observer is
assumed to be located while sighting the object
Plane of projection : is a plane on which the image is
formed also call picture plane
Projector : is a straight line drawn from a point on the
contour of an object to the plane on which the image of
the object is obtained
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
PROJECTIONS
Three mutually perpendicular planes
produces octant in the space
The left part forms four quadrants
Quadrants are numbered in the
anticlockwise direction
The front, top and left is quadrant 1
The imaginary reference planes are
assumed as transparent
Multiview projection : First angle
and Third angle
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
First Angle Projection
Object is assumed to be placed
in the first quadrant
Object lies between observer
and plane of projection
Top view is obtained on HP
Front view is obtained on VP
HP is rotated 90 clockwise
Front view is above XY line and
Top view is below XY line
Side views are projected on the
opposite side
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
Third Angle Projection
Object is assumed to be
placed in the third quadrant
The plane of projection lies
between observer and object
Top view is obtained on HP
Front view is obtained on VP
HP is rotated 90 clockwise
Front view is below XY line
and Top view is above XY line
Side view of the object is
projected on the same side
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
Symbol of Projections
FIRST ANGLE
THIRD ANGLE
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
PROJECTION OF POINTS
Point A is 35mm above HP and VP
30mm in front of VP. Draw its
projections
1. Place the point 30mm in front
of VP
2. Place the point 35mm above HP
3. Draw the projections HP
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
PROJECTION OF POINTS
Point B is located 30mm behind VP and 22mm below
HP. Draw its projections
b
30
22 X Y
b’
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
PROJECTION OF POINTS
Draw projection of points given below about a single reference
line, the projectors are spaced 30mm apart horizontally
a) P is 30mm above HP and 40mm in front of VP
b) Q is 25mm above HP and 35mm behind VP
c) R is 32mm below HP and 38mm behind VP
d) S is 36mm below HP and 15mm in front of
r VP
P’ q
q’
35
30
38
30
25
X Y
15
30 30 s
32
36
40
r’
P s’
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics
PROJECTION OF POINTS
Figure gives the projection of points M, N, O and P.
Determine the positions of the points with respect to
the principal planes
1. Point M is 30mm above HP
and 20mm in front of VP
2. Point N is 35mm below HP
and 15mm in front of VP
3. Point O is in the HP and
26mm behind VP
4. Point P is in both HP and VP
14/12/2021 Engineering Graphics