English vocabulary advanced

Cram: study in a very concentrated way for a short time

Rote-learning: learning purely by repetition

Mnemonics: tricks that help you remember something

Know the subject inside out: know it completely

Perpetuate: make something continue

Two- tire system: a system with two separate levels, one of which is better than the other

Better-off: richer

Less well-off: poorer

Bursaries: money given to pay for studies, usually provided on the basis of need

Trainee: a person who is learning a new job

Rapport: communication /relationship

Take the initiative: make decisions without being told what to do

Pecking order: a system where some people have the right to get benefits before other

Hot-desking: a policy of sharing desk in an office

Talk shop: talk about work

Mundane: ordinary, not interesting

Knocking off: finishing work

Glamorous: very exciting, which everyone admires

Stuck in a rut: trapped in job they can’t escape from

Cold calling: phoning people who have not requested a call in order to try to sell them
something

Hard sell: attempt to sell something by being very forceful or persuasive

Hasn’t look back: has moved forward successfully

Chauvinistic: too patriotic

Get carried away: become too excited and lose control

Obliging: ready to help

 English vocabulary advanced
Shrewd: having good judgement

Down-to-earth: practical and sensible

Altruistic: thinking of others rather than yourself

Morose: gloomy

Sharp-tongued: inclined to speak in severe and critical way

Unstinting: generous

Resolute: dogged, ‫مصمم‬

Dogged: resolute

Dogmatic: inflexible

Obstinate: stubborn

Astute: shrewd, ‫زیرک‬

Cunning: ‫حقه باز‬, sly

Sullen: ‫گرفتار‬

Brusque: terse, ‫خشن‬

Unscrupulous: ‫بی وجدان‬, unprincipled

Scrawny: unattractively thin and bony-looking

Lanky: very tall and thin, usually moving awkwardly

Gangling: tall with long, thin arms and legs

Stout: with quite large, solid body, used of men and women

Stocky: short and with a body that is wide across the shoulders and chest

Lean: thin and healthy

Wiry: thin and strong

Never a hair out of place: always well dressed

Unkempt: untidy

Immaculate: imperfect condition, smart

Swarthy: dark-colored, used about skin

 English vocabulary advanced
Sallow: yellowish

Haggard: his face looked ill and tired

Grinning: giving a big smile

Pouting: positioning their lips in an attractive way

Pouts: positioning their lips in a look of annoyance

Grimace: make an expression of pain or strong dislike

Scowled: gave a bad-tempered

Leering: looking in an unpleasant, sexually interested way

Twitching: suddenly making small movements

Clenched her fist: closed her hand tightly because of anger

Weeds: ‫علف هرز‬

Aloof: unfriendly and not social

Haughty: think he is better than others

Disdainful: doesn’t believe others deserve respect

Obstinate: unwilling to chang, despise persuasion, pig headed

Pushy: always selfishly promoting your own position or interests

Effusive: gives exaggerated expression of pleasure

Impetuous: acts on sudden idea without thinking first

Commensurate: corresponding in size or degree, in proportion

Salary will be commensurate with age and experience

Arduoud: ‫خسته کننده‬

Peculiar: strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way

We were held up for six hours in the departure lounge waiting for the end

Beaming: smiling broadly, grinning

The manager of the hotel greeted us beaming from ear to ear to inform us that our luggage had
arrived at reception
 English vocabulary advanced
Lose your head / right

Lose your brain / wrong

Precarious: insecure ‫پر مخاطره‬

Whenever there is a meeting between the finance minister and the governor of the bank,
people start asking questions and rumors abound

Assuage: ‫آرام کردن‬

Assuage the concerns of them borrows

Ratify: ‫تصویب کردن‬

Embattle: ‫حاضر به جنگ‬

Wear thin: become less convincing or acceptable

Prompt: ‫به فعالیت وا داشتن‬

The press had been prompted by unknown source to make as much publicity about him as they
could

Desert: ‫ترک کردن‬

Supporters were begging to desert him

Overshadow: ‫ سایه انداختن‬،‫تحت الشعاع قرار دادن‬

Speculation‫ تفکر و تعمق‬،‫ احتکار‬،‫زمین خواری‬

Pose a threat…

Unveiling‫پرده برداری‬

The government spokesperson said…

Talking through hat: speak insincerely, foolishly or without regard for facts, often about
something the speaker doesn’t know much about

If she does win, I’ll eat mt hat.

Fad‫ هوس‬،‫ دمدمی‬،‫زودگذر‬

Officious: too eager to tell others what to do

Ostentatious: displaying wealth or possessions in a vulgar way

 English vocabulary advanced
Pompous: too formal and showing that you think that you are more important than other
people

Puerile: silly and childish

Sloppy: not taking care in the way you work

Fickle: changes her feelings suddenly without reason

Nit-picking: too concerned about unimportant details

Forlorn: sad, alone and not cared for

Distraught: extremely worried and upset

Fetus: 8 ‫هفتگی حاملگی‬

Pensioner: elderly person‫حقوق بگیر بازنشسته‬

Doddery: weak and unable to walk well, usually because of old age

Gaga: unable to think clearly because of old age

Dementia: an illness that cause problems with memory loss

Slaughtered: violently killed

Dabbler: person who never keeps doing one activity for long

Lawn: boring tasks that have to be done

Scruffy: untidy

Attire: clothing, formal

Cleavage: space between a woman’s breasts

Infatuated with: romantically obsessed with

Besotted with: almost stupidly or blindly in love with

Platonic relationship: affectionate relationship between people of the opposite sex that is not
sexual

Hit it off: liked each other the moment we met

Get on like a house on fire: have a very good, enjoyable relationship

Bosom friends: very close

Rift: serious disagreement that divides people

 English vocabulary advanced
Discord: disagreement and divides people

Been on bad terms: have a poor relationship

Turned sour: become bad

Family feud: quarrel in a family causing bad feeling for many years

Crave / have a carving for: want very strongly

Thirst / have a thirst for: feel very strongly that you want

Yearns to: you want something you don’t have

Covet / to covet something: to want to possess it very much

Placate him: stop someone feeling angry

Conciliate: end a disagreement between two people or groups by acting in a friendly way
towards both sides

Appeasing: end a disagreement by giving the other so advantages that they are demanding

Loathing: intense hatred

Abhorrence: intense disgust

Scorn: lack of respect for something

Off hand: showed a rude lack of interest in others

Midriff: part of the body between the chest and waist

Frumpy: old-fashioned and boring

cufflinks: decorative objects used to fasten

Skimpy: short, using little material

Baggy: loose

Off the peg / rack: ready-made

Clingy: close-fitting

Off the cuff:’ without having prepared something

To be hand in glove with someone: to have a close working relationship with somebody

On a shoestring: spending as little as possible

No frills: simple and plain

 English vocabulary advanced
To put someone in a straitjacket: restrict someone’s freedom

To draw a veil over: not to talk about something

To have something up your sleeves: to have a secret plan or idea

Hovel: is a very small, dirty house or flat in a bad condition

Granny flat: is a set rooms for an elderly person, connected to a relative’s house

A household word / name: sth or sb everyone knows

Home truths: information that is true but not pleasant or welcome

Nothing to write home about: nothing special

Hit home: become fully understand or fully felt

Life in the fast lane: a way of life that is full of activity and excitement

Get a new lease of life: become more energetic and active than before

A dog’s life: a very difficult life and unhappy

Lead a sheltered life: have a life that is protected from unpleasant

Breathe new life into: bring new ideas and energy to something

Hobnob with: be friendly sb

Hangs out with / knock around with: spend social time with

Outstanding my welcome: staying too long

Cliquey: clique is a disapproving word for a small group of people who spend time together and
do not allow others to join them

Crowed: his group of friends

Hackneyed: done so often it is boring

Far-fetched: impossible to believe

Risque: against acceptable social standards and likely to shock some people

Gripping: exciting and keeping your attention the whole time

Harrowing: extremely upsetting

Encores: calls from the audience to perform some more

 English vocabulary advanced
Standing ovation: the audience stood up and applauded at the end of the performance

Up-and-coming: likely to become very successful

Typecast: always associated with that type of role

Panned / slated: very negatively criticized

Landed: highly praised

Booed: got disapproving noise from the audience

Total flop: complete failure

Miscast: was the wrong person for the role

Misconviencing: not seeming real or true

Have you noticed how much more the price of petrol is today

It’s really sky high now

I simply don’t believe the scheme will ever succeed, its just pie in the sky.

He just wouldn’t take anything seriously and could always be found playing about and generally
sky larking.

Making no bones about whatsoever

Her children were very ungrateful for all she’d done for them as she had really worked her finger
to the bone for them.

Into: movement

See into: examine sth carefully

Utensil is more general

Stethoscope

Dr. john: abbreviation

NASA: acronym / which is kind of abbreviation

Daubers: someone who paints quickly and carelessly

Inured to: not affected by

Impenetrable: extremely difficult to understand

Evocative: calling up images and memories

 English vocabulary advanced
Exquisite: having rare beauty or delicacy

Peerless: better than any other

Tongue-in-check: not intended to be taken seriously, despise appearing serious

Poignant: moving and sad ‫احساس برانگیز‬

Gripping: so interesting and engaging

Lugubrious; rather dark, mournful and gloomy

Wry: in the face of a bad situation

Macabre: often cruel or disgusting, concerned with death

Eponymous: who has the same name as the title of the book

Protagonist: main character

Engaging: pleasant and interesting

Anthology: ‫مجموعه آثار‬

Logbook: is a book that record events, times, etc…

Compulsive reading: difficult to stop once you’ve started

Informative: gives a lot of useful information

Ahead of its time: contained ideas that no one else had yet thought of or discussed at that time

Wholesome: ‫سالم‬

Preservatives: ‫مواد نگهدارنده‬

Convenience food: foods that are almost ready to eat or are quick to prepare

Unsavory: unpleasant

Split the bill: either each person will pay for himself

Let me get this: pay the bill

Impeccable: perfect, cannot be faulted

Sluggish: rather slow

Overbearing: too confident, too inclined to tell people what to do

Sullen; bad-tempered, unwilling to smile

 English vocabulary advanced
Brusque: quick and rude

Off-putting: makes you feel you do not want to go there again

Go out of their way: do everything possible

Savory: salty in flavor or with herb

Fussy eater: person who has very particular demands when eating

Teetotal: never drink alcohol

Dietary requirements: special needs or things someone cannot eat

Take pot luck: eat what we’re eating, nothing special

Nibbles: things like nuts, crisps, etc., … before a meal

Grab a bite to eat: have a quick meal

Unwind: relax, reduce your general level of stress

Taste of bush: wild, areas, covered in grass

Waterfront: on the edge of the sea or of a river

Awe-inspiring: it fills you with sense of the power and beauty of what you’re looking at.

Savor: enjoy or taste

Heartland: the inland areas furthest away from the sea or from borders with other countries

Prone to: tending to have a particular negative characteristic

Coniferous: trees that are evergreen

Prairies: flat grassland in Canada

Cereal: types of grass. rice. Wheat

At the forefront: in an important position

Downpour/ deluge: ‫باران شدید‬

She has a very sunny disposition: ‫او وضعیت روحی بسیار شادی دارد‬

I’m snowed under the work – I’ll never get through it all in time

Don’t let your love for him could your judgment

I’ve only a hazy memory of my first day at school

 English vocabulary advanced
The truth is hidden in the mist of history

The article sparked a whirlwind of speculation

The glass ceiling is a phrase used to refer to an invisible barrier that stops people, especially
women from rising to top position at work

Give way: stop at a junction before entering a bigger road

Breathalyzer: instrument you breath into to measure alcohol level

Tire tread: the depth of the grooves in the tire rubber

Tal back: line of slow or stopped traffic

Pile up: crash between several or many cars

Two-way zone: area where your car may be taken away if you park illegally

Clamped: fitted with a metal device on the wheel to prevent it from moving

Road rage: anger or violence between drivers because of difficult driving conditions

Skidded: lost control of steering so that the car slide across the road

Head-on collision: two vehicles hitting each other directly in the front

Non-refundable: you can’t get your money back

Stopover: you may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to your destination

Holiday of lifetime: one you will always remember

Inn: similar to pub, but also offering accommodation

Get off the beaten track: go to places tourists don’t normally go, somewhere different

Discerning: showing good judgment, especially about style and quality

Boast: this use of boast is for listing the good qualities of a place

Hordes: crowds; in a negative sense

Flora and fauna: plants and animals

Tracts: areas of land

The roof fell in on my world on the day he died

Go through the roof is used about prices, meaning to increase in a rapid

 English vocabulary advanced
Hit the roof means get very angry

Window of opportunity

If someone lives in ivory tower, she / he does not know about the unpleasant and ordinary
things that happen in life

Be a getaway to, meaning give an opportunity to get somewhere

Knowing several languages opens door when it comes to finding work

Doing something through / by the back door suggest doing it unofficially

Doing something behind closed door suggest secrecy

Morphology: how words are formed

Eloquent: able to express ideas or opinions clearly

Succinct: clearly and using few words

Coronations: ‫سلطنت ها‬

Infantry: ‫پیاده نظام‬

Cavalry: ‫سواره نظام‬

Chariot: ‫ارابه‬

Galleon: ‫کشتی بزرگ‬

Warlord: ‫فرمانده جنگ‬

Ruer: leader of a country

Below the breadline

Impoverished: ‫فقیر‬

Money has been tight: there has not been much money

Poverty-stricken‫فقیر و تهی دست‬

Stary: ‫ولگرد‬

Poacher: ‫شکارچیان غیر قانونی‬

Sanctuary: ‫پناهگاه‬

Grow exponentially: grow extremely rapidly

 English vocabulary advanced
Green credential: reputation for positive support of the environment and for making policies
that reflect this

Prophets of doom and gloom: people who always make the most depressing or pessimistic
predictions about the future

Accommodating: willing to understand and help

Shoddy: poor quality

Backlog: number which are waiting to dealt with

FAQ: frequently asked questions

Drug squad: police specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade

Fanatic: Somone with a very strong belief that something is great

Tenet: a principle on which a belief is based

Incredulous: not wanting or able to believe something

Give her the benefit of the doubt: accept that someone is telling the truth even though it is not
certain

Flamboyant: extremely colorful and exaggerated

Raucous: very noisy

Somber: serious, heavy and sad

Orthography: specialized term for writing systems and spelling

The seeds of success: the seeds of discontent, the seeds of revolution

Going back to your root

The root of problem

Nipped in the bud: stopped before it develops into something

Weed out: get ride of / the new boss is planning to weed out older or less experienced staff

Prune back: cut / limit

Is reaping what are sowed: experiencing the logical results of our actions usually in negative
content

Have dug up: have develop

 English vocabulary advanced
Have been sprouting up: have been appearing quickly in large numbers

Green shoots: first signs that the economy is improving

We are beginning to see the green shoots of economic recovery

Shriveled: become less

Wilt: lose energy

Withering: make the recipient feel scorned‫پژمرده شدن‬

Marsupial: ‫کیسه دار‬

Scavenger: animals that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself

Docile: behave very gently

Tame: ‫اهلی کردن‬

Game reserved / game parks: areas of land where animals are protected from hunting

Tyrannical: using power in a cruel way over people in a country or group

Overthrow: remove somebody from power using force

Unrest: disagreement or fighting between groups

Clashes: fights or arguments

Escalate: become greater or more serious

Massacres: the killing of large number of people

Waged war on: fought a war against

Hostilities: acts of war

Truce: agreement during a war to stop fighting for a time

Ceasefire: agreement between two armies or groups to stop fighting

Suicide bomber: person who lets off explosives, deliberately killing themselves in the process

A fleet normally consists of a large number of ships

Taken root: started to be accepted

Double-dip: recession which ends and then begins again after a short time

Slump in prices: serious fall / collapse in prices

 English vocabulary advanced
I’m rolling in it this month: have a lot of money

To make ends meet: to survive financially

Things are a bit tight: my finance is not good

Strapped for cash: needed cash and had very little

MPS: ‫نمایندگان پارلمان‬

Lobby: try to influence the opinions of MPs and lords

Legislation: possible future laws

Environmental audit: ‫حسابرسی محیط زیستی‬

Allegations: ‫ادعا ها‬

To bend the law / rules: to break the law / rules in a way that is considered not to be very
harmful

To contravene law: to break a law

To infringe a law: to break a law

To lodge an appeal: to make an official request that a previous judgment should be changed

To quash a conviction: to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty

To uphold / overturn a verdict: to say that a previous decision in court was correct / incorrect

To award / grant custody to: ‫اعطای حضانت‬

Embezzlement: ‫اختالس‬

Perjury: ‫شهادت دروغ‬

Trespass: go onto someone else’s land without permission

Law-abiding: ‫قانون مدار‬

If you take the law into your own hands, you do something illegal to punish someone because
you feel the legal system will not punish that person

If someone is a law unto himself / herself, he or she behaves in a way which is independent and
not the way in which most other people behave

Last resort: something you do when everything else has failed

 English vocabulary advanced
Civilian casualties: ‫تلفات غیر نظامی‬

She gave me a cheque for what she owed me but it bounced: the bank refused to pay it

APR: annual percentage rate of interest

Golden handshake: large payment to someone on learning a job

Life savings: money saved over many years

Will: official statement of what a person has decided should be done with their money and
property after their death

Obituaries: ‫آگهی های فوت‬

Prospectus: ‫آگهی‬

Unsurpassed: the best there is

Pamper yourself: treat yourself to something luxurious

Indulge yourself: ‫ به خودت اجازه لذت بده‬،‫ خودت را رها کن‬،‫ مخالفت کردن‬،‫افراط کردن‬

Sumptuous: ‫مجلل‬

Some journalists gather stories by much-racking

Plausible: acceptable

Is it possible to make a human being from the scratch? ‫از اول‬

You were saying ‫داشتی میگفتی‬...

In comparison of…

Raw material

This shows that social expectations often override biological instincts

Exclusivity: property, trait‫ انحصاریت‬،‫ویژگی‬

Locum: is a doctor who does the job of another doctor who is ill or on holiday

Acute condition: one that is severe and sudden in onset

Ophthalmologists: eyes

Cardiologist: heart

Psychiatrists: the mind

 English vocabulary advanced
Dermatologists: skin

Gynecologist: women’s reproductive systems

Obstetricians: children

Anesthetists: stopping people from feeling pain during surgery

Acupuncturists: people who treat patients by using needles at special points around skin

GP: general practitioner‫پزشک عمومی‬

Off-color: ‫رنگ و رو رفته‬

I was feeling a bit under the weather, so I stayed at home yesterday

Stinging: sudden, burning pain

Throbbing: ‫تپش‬

Shivery: shaking slightly

Nauseous: ‫حالت تهوع‬

Trembling: shaking

Bunged up: blocked

Stiff neck: pain and difficulty in moving neck around

He felt terrible last week, but he’s on the mend now: getting better

She’ll be back on her feet again soon

Stroke: ‫سکته مغزی‬

Gastrointestinal disease: ‫بیماری گوارشی‬

Ailing: unwell, sicky

Fever pitch: ‫نقطه اوج تب‬

Jaundiced: yellow-looking skin because of a liver problem

Clog: cause something to become blocked

Impeded: slowed down or made difficult

Lentils: ‫لپه ها‬

Porridge: a cooked breakfast cereal

 English vocabulary advanced
I scored an own goal ‫ گل به خودی زدم‬/ tried to gain advantages, but made thongs worse for
myself rather than better

Moving the goalposts: changing the rules

Politicians often skate around a subject: don’t talk directly about

The students all sailed through their exams: passed very easily

Cutting-edge technology: involving new and innovative technology

Privatization: ‫خصوصی سازی‬

Inward investment: investment from foreign companies

most of the factory workers are on piecework: they are only paid for the amount they produce

child labor: ‫بچه کار‬

trade union representation ‫نمایندگی اتحادیه کارگری‬

sweatshops: ‫کارگاه های تولیدی‬

cost-cutting exercise: effort to reduce their costs

switch production: move the center of manufacturing to a different place parts

keyhole surgery: medical operation in which a very small hole is made in a person’s body to
reach organ or tissue inside

doomsday scenario: the worst possible prediction, what will happen in the future

gridlocked: unable to move at all

the human genome: the map or index of all the genes in a human being

envisage: see a possible or probable situation in the future

designer babies: babies whose genetic characteristic are artificially created

cloning: making a genetically identical copy

oil wells: ‫چاه های نفت‬

pipeline: ‫خط لوله‬

gas-guzzler: ‫مشتری سوخت زیاد‬

rambling; a large, rambling building

I was hemmed in by the crowed: surrounded by people and not able to move
 English vocabulary advanced
We were packed in like sardines on the bus

Labyrinth: vast and complex

There isn’t enough room to swing a cat

Once in a blue moon: very infrequently

For donkeys years / since the year dot: for a long time

Till the cows come home: for ever

In a flash / at a rate of knots: very quickly

Inexorable: continuing without hope of being stopped ‫غیر قابل اجتناب‬

Incipient: just beginning

Protracted: lasting for a long time or made to last longer

Limp: uneven

Hop: on one foot, quickly / not using one foot

Stagger: unsteady, drunk, ill

Stumble: nearly falling / uneven surface

Lurch: sudden or irregular/ waling on moving ship

Tiptoe: quiet on toes / not to be heard

Amble: easy, gentle

Stride: long steps

Strut: proud, chest held out

Tramp: firm, heavy steps

Stamp: pushing foot down heavily

Trudge: heavy, slow, with difficulty / tired

I hope I didn’t appear offhand with her: showing a rude lack of interest in others

Stand on ceremony: behave in a formal way

Straitlaced: having old-fashioned and fixed morals

Netiquette: code of behavior when using internet

 English vocabulary advanced
Twitch: nervousness / repeated small movements with part of the body

Flinch: pain or fear / sudden small movement

Squirm: embarrassment or nervousness / move from side to side in an awkward way

Smirk: self-satisfaction

Beam: happiness / broad smile

Sniff at something: disapproval / breathe air in through your nose in a way that makes a noise

Snort: disgust or great amusement ‫خر خر‬

Titter: nervousness or embarrassment / small laugh

Slammed: closed with a loud bang

Squeaking: high, irritating noise

Creaked: noise of friction of wood and / or metal

Sizzled: sound mode by frying

Range out: typically used for the sound of a gunshot

Hoots / toots: sound mode by a car horn

Wailing: making a rising and failing sound

Hammered: knocked very loudly and repeatedly

Eerie: rather scary

Deafening: extremely and painfully loud

Grating: unpleasant, irritating

Piercing: high noise that hurts the ear

High-pitched: higher than voices, like a whistle

You could have heard a pin drop: there was a total silence

I can’t hear myself think: said when people are making too much noise

Lumbering: usually used of physical things; often suggestion heavy movement

Ponderous: slow and clumsy because of weight, but usually used for dull and excessively serious
abstract things
 English vocabulary advanced
Burdensome: usually used of abstract things

Cumbersome: often used for machines and equipment that are difficult to handle; also used for
systems, structures, etc.

Unwieldy: abstract and physical things; usually includes the idea of difficult

Weighty: abstract and physical things; usually includes the idea of seriousness

Weigh down: carrying very heavy things

Weigh up: consider and compare

Weigh out: weighed a quantity of loose goods

Weighing on me: troubling my mind

Weighed in: added more points to the argument

Sift: shake it in a sieve to separate the grains

Lumpy: have solid pieces in it

Congealed: become thick and solid

Thin out: become less dense

Dilute it / water it down: add water

Pitch black: intensely black

Scarlet: very bright red

Crimson strong deep red

Mousy: a light, not very interesting brown

Chestnut: a deep reddish brown

Auburn: a red-brown color, usually used about hair

Mauve: pale purple

Blue: depression

Red: anger

Green: nausea

Black: depression or without hope

 English vocabulary advanced
Grey: lack of clarity

White: purity

Nip / pop: going fast

Dart: suggest quick, sudden movement, often by animal

Zip and whizz: used often about vehicles going quickly

Bolt: fast movement over a short distance but it also has the added

Scamper, scurry, scuttle: small rapid steps, often used to describe the way a small animal run

Dawdle: means to move more slowly than necessary or to waste time. Don’t dawdle on the way
home.

Akin to: similar in spirit / feel

Affinity: closeness

Doesn’t correspond to: is not equal to / does not match

Equate: consider as the same

Tantamount: the equivalent of

Discrete: different and separate

Stumbling block: is something that prevents action or agreement

Ordeal: is a severe experience

Abstruse: difficult to understand

Grueling: extremely tiring

Wayward: changeable

Morphs into sth…

Exploitation: ‫ انتفاع‬،‫ استثمار‬،‫بهره برداری‬

Second-world countries

That’s a powerful and sensitive question. This topic touches on cultural differences stereotypes,
and curiosity

Ignorance: ‫جهالت‬

I do believe patriotism holds significant value, even in our increasingly globalized world.
 English vocabulary advanced
That said, I think it’s crucial to distinguish between healthy patriotism and blind nationalism.

I see patriotism as a means of acknowledging the sacrifices made by previous generations. It’s
not about thinking your country is better than all others- it’s about wanting to make it better for
everyone who calls it home

Euthanasia is undeniable one of the most ethically complex and emotionally changed topics. I
believe that in cases of terminal illness, where an individual is enduring unbearable pain with no
hope of recovery, the option of euthanasia should be legally available.

That’s a fascinating and deeply nuanced question. I believe that while it’s important to

Nationalism and patriotism are often used interchangeably, but they actually have very different
connotation especially in political and historical contexts

While patriotism is about constructive love for one’s country, nationalism often leans toward an
aggressive form of superiority. One unites, the other can divide

Long-term progress

One of Iran’s core issues is the lack of widespread, active patriotism among its citizens

Anthem: ‫سرود‬

Economic inequality

Labor exploitation: poor working conditions in low-wage countries

Loss of local culture

Brain drains: skilled workers leave developing countries for better opportunities abroad

Loss of local businesses: small companies can’t compete with global corporations

One major downside of globalization is the exploitation of cheap labor in developing countries.
In an effort to reduce production costs, many multinational corporations outsource
manufacturing to nations where wages are extremely low and labor laws are poorly enforced

Judging someone fairly requires understanding the context in which they lived, considering both
their achievements and mistake, and avoiding applying today’s standards unfairly. It’s important
to look at their bigger picture and learn from their experiences rather than simply condemning
or praising them.

The odds are he’ll get the job: it’s likely that

The odds are against her passing the exam: it is unlikely that

They are bound to get married in the end: almost certain to

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She’s unquestionably the best student in the class

It was apparent that the negotiations were going badly

In all probability we’ll get the job finished on time; it’s very likely

Twofold: the suffix fold means multiplied by the number

Quadrable: increased by four times

Drastic: severe and sudden

Seesawed: gone up and down at regular intervals

Blip: temporary change

GDP: gross domestic product: the total amount that a country produces

Ballpark figure: let me give you a ballpark figure: guess believed to be accurate

Tot everything up: add everything up

Accede: accept, but often associated to happen, but often associated with a degree of secrecy
or conspiracy

Assent: agree to something. Often associated with plans, proposals, ideas, etc.

Condone: approve or allow something which most people consider to be wrong

The judge condones the use of reasonable force by police officers

Countenance: consider giving assent or permission often used in negative contexts

Endorse: give official approval to something

Given carte Blache: complete freedom to do whatever they think necessary

Bar: officially exclude: forbid someone access to something

Three students were barred from using the library because they had damage books

Clamped down: use your full power to prevent or limit something

Outlaw: make something illegal

Veto: uses your official power to forbid

Remonstrate with somebody / remonstrate about something: complain to sb / about sth

Grumble about: complain in a quiet but angry way

 English vocabulary advanced
Gripe: to complain continuously

Grouse: to complain, usually often

Whinge: complain persistently

Heartfelt apology: most sincere apology

Lame excuse: weak excuse

Explanation was phony: false

Cast-iron alibi: firm reason why she was innocent

Plimsy pretext: weak and not very believable excuse

Acquitted: declared not guilty

Repented: said he was sorry and asked for forgiveness

Posthumous pardon: official forgiveness after someone’s death for crimes they were unjustly
convicted for

Exonerated: declared someone to be free of blame

Reprieve: official order stopping or delaying punishment

Forgive and forget: these two verbs are always in this order

Armistice: agreement to stop war while peace discussions take place

I could have sworn I left my purse on the table

Sweat words: taboo expression

To turn over a new leaf: to change your behavior for the better

Your best bet: the best decision or choice

Having a flutter: having a small bet

You bet: I certainly do

Hedge your bets: protect yourself from the results of making a single wrong choice

Reminiscing about: thinking about pleasant things that happened in the past

Look at the past through rose-tinted spectacles: see only the pleasant things about a situation
and not notice the things that are unpleasant / you can also say rose-colored spectacles

Tally with: match or agree with

 English vocabulary advanced
Concurs with: share / agree with an idea / opinion

Coincide with: be the same as

Reflected upon: think about

Whereby: by which

Thereby: in this way

Reiterated: repeated, restated

Epitomize: are a perfect example of

Asserting: saying that something is certainly true

Expounded: developed. Proposed

Scribble: write quickly, without much care

Doodling: drawing and writing irrelevant things on the paper in front of her

Copy out: copy in writing

Touch-type: type, using all your fingers without looking at the keyboard

Typescript: an author’s text that has not yet been published

Run off: print out

Round brackets: ()

Diamond / angle brackets<>

square brackets: []

curly brackets: {}

smattering: small proportion

dash/ smidgen: very small quantity

dollop: usually small amount

stacks of: a large number of

whining: complaining in an annoying way

slurring: his words had a slow, lazy sound, difficult sound

stammer: speak with abnormal pauses and repetitions

 English vocabulary advanced
i.e.: that is

AD: to count years since the birth of Christ

BC: before Christ

UFO: unidentified flying object

PTO: please turn over

Bedsit: a flat with only one room which is a bedroom and a sitting room

Polysemy: ‫چند معنی بودن‬

Homograph: ‫هم نوشت ها‬

Formidable: ‫قوی‬/ formidable opponent

Utterly: ‫کامال‬

Appalling: ‫وحشتناک‬

Fatuous: ‫احمقانه‬

Ludicrous: ‫خنده آور‬

Be on the ball: be very aware of things and ready to act – like a good footballer

To keep sb / sth on a tight rein: have a lot of control over sb / sth

Rule of thumb: ‫قاعده کلی‬

Hotheaded: they react quickly on the basis of their feelings without thinking first

Cold-hearted: they are without feeling

Pay dividends: bring you advantages

To be in your element / to be made for: to be ideally suited for

To be fed up to the back teeth: to be extremely unhappy, disappointed

To be down in the dumps / down in the mouth: to be depressed

Asylum: hospital for the mentally ill

Frock: dress

Macho: used to describe a man who likes to appear strong doesn’t show his feelings
 English vocabulary advanced
Laddish: used to describe unpleasant behavior thought to be typical of young men in a group,
especially drinking alcohol

Lad: informal word for a boy or young man

AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome

VAT: value-added tax

Undermine: attack, Weaken

Undre hand: secretly and possibly dishonestly

Coining: creating

Heliport: a place where helicopters can land and take off

Motel: roadside hotel for people travelling by car

Anglo-Saxon: old English

Word stock: set of words

Mumps: a childhood trouble

Cot: child’s bed with high vertical sides

Gimmick: an amusing or unusual way of attracting attention

Tabby: grey and brown stripy cat

Roster: list of peoples turns for jobs

Amber: yellow-orange substance originating from tree resin and used in jewelry

Upend: move into a vertical position

Uphold: confirm, support

Outdo: do better than

Outrun: run faster than

Upset: make someone worried

End up: finish

Hold up: delay

Do out: decorate
 English vocabulary advanced
Run out: use something so there is non-left

Set up: organize or arrange sth