7 Where is the speaker at the beginning of the article?

"H~~'flt;;1~~~21V:Ii'~f~;\Youare going to read an extract from an article about an unusual form of storytelling. For
Tip Strip
Questions 7-14, choose the correct answer A, B, e or D.
A running on a football pitch
Question 7: Make sure
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, B playing football wit h some children
you read far enough into
the text before you e reliving an earlier football match
answer this question! D sitting in a football stadium
Question 10: Remember
Unusual sto ryte II i ng that this kind of question
may require you to read
bot h backwards as well
8
A
What does 'the bit about his mum' (line 21) add to what the speaker says?
It's intended to praise his mother.
as forwards in the text. B It's intended to make his listeners laugh.
'!t's the seventh minute into a match and The original idea for the project was
Question 11: The key e It's important to involve your mother.
we're up against one of the top clubs in Rick Taylor's. Over the years he had information is not D l1's unusual for a woman to referee a match.
Britain. We're expected to lose. I get the collected a huge number of folk tales explicitly stated. What
ball and I'm running as fast as I can for and stories and had earned his ]iving can you tell from the
9 What do we learn about the children involved in the storytelling project?
the goa!. The goalkeeper ruus towards travelling around the world tell ing them. boys' attitudes?
me. Do I try to get round him or shall I After a one-off event with Barry A They love reading stories in the classroom.
shoot?' Morgan, which was a tremendous B They enjoy being part of a club.
success, Taylor decided that they should e They are not interested in being at school.
'Go round him,' calls out one voice. try and do more. 44 D They dislike having to go to libraries.
'Shoot!' shout a few of the kids gathered
on the floor. '!t was particu]arly good for the kids to
10 What does Taylor mean by 'do more' (Iine 44)?
have strong male role modeIs involved.
'I decide to shoot and I can see the ball Many boys grow up wanting to be A He wanted the opportunity to earn more money.
going wideo But then I jook up and sec professional footballers and they'lllisten B He needed more stories from other parts of the world.
my mum blowing hard on her whistje to what we have to say far more readijy e He felt the stories they told could be more successful.
from the side of the pitch, and the ball than they would listen to their teachers. D He thought they could organise much more storytelling.
swings to the right and falls insi de the !t's not just the boys who get a lot out of
goal post. I've just scored and we're one- it; even though a lot of the stories are 11 What is the attraction of this form of story telling for many boys?
nil up against the favourites.' football based, the girls never get bored,'
A They admire the people telling the stories.
says Taylor.
B They enjoy listening to some good teachers.
!t's gripping storytelling and not a single
e They hope to become storytellers themselves.
child has moved. !t also happens that But there areother groupsfor whomthe
D They like the fact that girls are not included.
every word is true, with the exception of storytelling has beena learningprocess.
21 the bit about his mum! The speaker is a On one occasion, for example, Barry
former football player, Barry Morgan, Morgan took some young professional 12 What did the young footballers recommend about reading?
who now works as a community footballers with him to one of the A It can make you play better.
relations officer in a large city in storytelling sessions. The players B It helps you to feel relaxed.
southern England. explained to the kids how relaxing with e It makes you more confident.
a book before a big game could improve D It makes you a better storyteller.
Part of Barry's job involves visiting their performance. 'Footballers have a
clubs, schools and libraries along with a fairly short career,' says Morgan, 'and 13 What does the writer suggest about footballers in general?
professional storyteller, Rick Taylor, in most of them moveon to other jobs in
order to try and reach the kids who A They are not particularly well educated.
the leisure industry, running a business
mainly sit at the back of classrooms and or public speaking. For all these careers B They adapt well to other professions.
don't want to take part in lessans. They you need good communication skills and e They have trouble communicating wit h people.
want to both excite the children's telling stories to a bunch of school kids is D They have to be prepared to look for other jobs.
imaginations and encourage them to great practice for the future. When I
read, and so far they are delighted with first started playing football I had almost 14 How has Morgan benefited from storytelling?
the success of the project. no self-confidence but nowadays I'm A He could take up another career.
quite happy standing up in front of 500 B He has become more sure of himself.
children.' e He became a good businessman.
D He enjoyed meeting new people.

EH
. TEST 3, PAP ER 1
TEST 3, PAP ER 1 En
 r
!
;'P,;JA'§1l~~~~t;'3~J~~!.1;:'i~You are going to read a newspaper article about a writer's experience of winter in Siberia.
Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-I the p.' Some people did worry, however.
one that fits each gap (15-21). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
There is an example at the beginning (O).
,B/ Out in the streets I found a certain pleasure in the extreme cold.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
..C In fact it was so far from anywhere else that most people didn't even know
whether it eounted as being in Europe or Asia.

A
few years ago I decided I needed some peaee and quiet to write a book. On the grounds that
D Moreover, on arriving and leaving the aeroplane, the immediate effect of the
nothing from the real world could possibly disturb me out there, I arranged to swap my London fiat
moisture freezing on my eyelashes was extremely unpleasant
for alittle town in the middle of Siberia IOI C I I had heard that it was cold enough to
make your eyes water and freeze the teardrops on your face. E The ice on my windows has fina/ly melted.

I wasn't going to Siberiato get a tan. But writing a book in a cosyfiat when it was cold outside was one
,// But onee inside the fiat I found there were radiators heating every room
thing. 1151 II had picked the town beeauseit was so remote and it had the reputation of being twenty-four hours a day.
one of the coldest placeson Earth.116L I
,G Writing a book when it was -45'( was quite another.
Anyway, off I drove to find my apartment in a block which I knew would be warm and well-heated by a
communal central heating system. I must confess that when I got there I was not prepared for the fact that I
had to break the ice off the door before I could open itl171 II discovered later that these ji In the eentre of the town was an ice-chute and the children would spend long
hours sliding down the chute with their feet in the air.
radiators continued to push out heat for seven or eight months of the year.
.1
'Have you heard?' people kept asking me, in excitement.
1181 I Everypasser-bywore a huge hat and went about coveredin a personalcloud of steam.
Enormous sheets of iee hung from the trees, walls and balconies and the pavements looked like marble,
millions of years old.
Tip Strip
Siberian children, I was pleased to see, got their kicks from sliding on iee and attacking each other wit h
Sentence Pc This suggests that it willcontradiet something whichhas just been stated in the tex!.
snowballs.
~- I
Sentence B: Could this sentence Occur at the beginning ol a paragraph?
Sentence G: There is a parallei structure in the text which is another kind ol due.
A fortnight after my arrival, we were informed on the news that temperatures were going to drop even
further. 120 I I' Are you ready for it?' Now when I went to market I found women with their faces
wrapped to the eyeballs, standing behind piles of fish, frozen solid. lee eream was sold in unpackaged, naked
lumps and for a few days we went around with hats and collars covered in frost

In these bitterest days, heard no word in the tram stations or the bus stops, just the sound of crunching snow
and silenee. We all knew that there was no shortage of energy and if our flats were warm and we could

make ourselves eups of tea there was nothing to worry aboutl21j lin the local theatre, I heard
that a group of dancers had to praetise their movements while wearing huge boots. Buses drove around in
pairs in case one of them broke down, and sehools had to close.

Walking ho me through the town centre one night wit h the temperature at -38'C, I came across people who
had built fjres from eardboard boxes, still trying to sell their goods and hoping people would stop to look at
what was on sale. That same evening I wandered out to admire the glittering snow under brilliant stars.

I eventually finished my book as the temperatures reached zero, the pavement snow turned grey and another
Siberian winter appeared to be almost over.

EH TEST 3, PAPER 1
TEST 3, PAPER 1 IBm
 You are golng to read a magazlne article about five people who use computers. For
~,%~0i!t~t;$i:t{i~l6~;,;\~~~l~~
Questions 22-35, choose fram the people A-E. The people may be chosen more than
once. When more than one answer is requlred, these may be given in any order. There is
an example at the beginnlng (O).
l NEEDMY COMPUTER
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
A Tar:a < ," '. interrupts whatever you happen to be doing when it
rings. My computer helps me manage my time better,
I'm a poet and I spend a large part of my life travelling but it is not as personal as a phone calI. I also use the
Which of the people uses a computer
araund the world. I have a laptop computer, which internet for finding out what other companies like
for entertainment?
[ITI] means I can work on trains and buses, wherever I
happen to be. My poems always begin in a notebook
mine are offering. Once upon a time I would have
asked for a company's brachure or information pack,
to hel p keep appointments with colleagues? lEC] (and I mea n the paper variety) where they stay for a
while, moving fram notes I have made, sometimes just
but nowadays most companies advertise on their own
websites.
to find out about business competitors? ~ individual words and phrases, to more developed
D ,',Suzy">,,,>,
pieces. The only way I can keep In touch with my family
for plannlng raugh copies of their work? [:ECJ and also stay in contact with other writers is by using
I am 12 years old and in my flrst year at secondary
e-mail. Actually, I also use e-mail for sending work -
to create better pictures? ~ poems, artlcles, reviews - to magazines, publishers and school. My parents have recently bought a new
computer, so they let me have their old one, which is
newspapers. Thraugh my PC I am in constant
while on a journey' ~ communicatlon with writers ali over the world and still very good. lt has made a big difference to the
we're able to swap poems and ideas within seconds. it's way I do things, particularly my school work. It is a
to catch up on new things in their specialist areas? ~ ~ brilllant. quick and easy way to do my homework. Instead of
having to draw plctures I can get them from the art
because other people rely on you to have one? ~ wark package on the computer and just add them to
whatever it is I need to illustrate. It also saves mess -
to reduce feelings of loneliness? ~ I'm a surgeon and I work in a large teaching hospital. no rubbing out and no cuttlng things up. My

even though It does not fee! very individual? ~ Although I have a PC at ho me, I also have alittle
pocket PC, a POA - personal digltal assistant. I carry my
computer also has an internet connectlon which glves
me access to ali sorts of information. I can also use

because it cuts down on costs? ~ POA araund with me all day as it's smali enough to fit
into my coat pac ket. I use it like a diary and it has an
the encyclopaedia and dictionary that are on the
computer. Lastly, my computer has lots of games

even though It is not the latest model? cm=J alarm which I can set to remind me about meetings
with other doctors in the team. I wouldn't be nearly as
which I can play after I have dane my homework.

to advertise what they do? [EL] organised without It; having ali the necessary E .'".',fergUS< C ',L."\ ",
information in one place and not on scraps of paper is
because they've depended on one for so long? lIC] invaluable. There are lots of things avallable over the I love computers. I owned one of the early laptops
internet which are great for doctors. There's always a and today I have bot h a PC and a laptop. My life as a
lot of reading to be done, and it's often cheaper to freelance musician would be a real struggle without
Tip Strip download journals online than buy the printed copy. my computers. I have to run myself like a smali
lt also use the internet to find out about the latest business, and I simply wouldn't be able to do that
Question 25: Who might need to indude pictures in what they do? discoveries in drugs and developments in medical without a computer. You have to keep in touch with
Question 29: Look for a similar way of saying that you can't work without a computer. research. music agents, concert pramoters and conductors, and
Question 32: What other expression do you know for 'cuts down on costs'? there are lots of letters to write. I use my computer to
send out information about myself each week by
e-mail. I can even send a picture of myself that way
I'm my own boss and I run my business fram home. too. It saves a lot of money on stationery, stamps and
I bought a computer when I set up the company a so on. I also keep ali my accounts up-to-date on It and
use the internet to research new musie. The other
couple of years ago, and I know that I couldn't operate
without one. In any case everyone expects you to have thing I love about having a computer is that being a
a computer these days. The first thing I do in the prafessional musician can be a solitary business,
mornlng is check my e-mail. I get about 40 e-mails a because you spend a lot of time on your own at
day; using e-mail is often much more convenient for home. My e-mail Is like havlng a friend in the fiat.
communicating with my customers. It means you can
choose when to reply, unlike the telephone, which

D1.I TEST 3, PAPER 1 TEST 3, PAPER 1 En

.
 ~ You are going to read a magazine article about a businessman. For Questions 8-14,
choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
TipStrip 8 How did Matt Lassiter react to the British hostel ciosing in the morning?
A He looked for alternative accommodation.
Question 8: Look carelully B He decided to continue hisjourney.
Mark your answerson the separate answer sheet. at how the inlormation,
while not stated as such, C lt put him oft travelling in Europe.
is clearly implied. D It gave him an idea for the future.
Question 11: Lookback to
the previous sentence. 9 What did Lassiterthink would help young travellers?
Pay carefui attention to
the word 'like'. A to be lessspoilt financially by their parents
In 1989 a young, intrepid Australian was that each hosteI is like a kindly aunt ar Question 13: Look at the B to be more aware of looking after their money
traveUing around Europe and found uncle Iooking after young people. lourth paragraph ol the C to accept that accommodation can vary
himself at his British hotel after cIosing Baekpackers like that and their parents 35 text. What does 'Lassiter D to find more welcoming accommodation
time - at 10 in the morning. Whilst most like it even more, not beeause Roamers is was very aware' suggest?
of us might take this as an opportunity to a fun environment, but because Roamers
10 Roamershostels are designed for young people who
find a eosy bed and breakfast ar at least a offers a safe and secure form of
dry bench in a railway station, Matt aceommodation. A are studying part-time.
LassIter spotted a business opportunity. B have freedom and leisure.
Knowing that he was not alone and that A typieal hostel has siwwers and toilets C are living on a smali budget.
thousands of backpaeking youngsters were on eaeh floor, a 'ehiUout' room with D have an interest in marketing.
wandering the world with heavy bags and television, food, bar and drinks facilities, a
fat waUets, Lassiter came up with a plan laundry room and internet aceess with 11 What does 'that' in line 35 refer to?
to start his own hostels that made young free e-mail usage. Lassiter was very aware
visitors feel at horne whenever they that his young, bright cuslOmers would aU A the hostels' caring attitudes
arrived. '1 realised there was not sa much be familiar with the internet and that it B hostels run by relatives
a gap in the backpaekers' market, but would play an important part in C the hostels' generousfacilities
rather a canyon!' marketing his company. D hostels availableworldwide

A couple of years later, Lassiter formed Part of Lassiter's suceess is knowing that
12 Why are parents in favour of Roamers?
his own com pan y whieh he caUed baekpaekers want to feelJike explorers.
Roamers. His intention was to foeus on 'We have to be very careful how we A They can pay extra for secure arrangements.
creating hostels which would provide market our prodJlets - it must be their B They approve of the entertainment on ofter.
accommodation for the dynamie youth deeision and not seen as a package
C They don't worry about their children's safety.
tourism market. 'The average baekpaeker, hoJiday - we make them think they are
D They like the fact that their children have fun.
around 18- 21, is Iikely to be highly independent.' The Roamers technique is
educated, often taking time off between to offer pre-booked twa ar four-day tours,
school and university and usuaUy has a couple of nights recovering from jet-Iag, 13 Lassiter's use of the internet
quite a lot of money to spend and these a wekorne pack, clean sheets - no A saves him time and money.
are the people Roamers sets out to sleeping bags - and a free caUhome. The
B shows good business sense.
attract,' says Lassiter. formuJa is certainly working, which just
goes to show that Lassiter's instincts are C attracts business partners.
Today, Roamers operates in more than 20 exactJy right for this growing holiday D helps him market computers.
countries, has 70 hostels and provides 1.5 market.
million bed nights eaeh year. Lassiter says 14 Lassiteris successlulbecause
A he has researched his market.
B he operates a very fair formula.
C travellers can depend on his advice.
D exp!orers benefit from his hostels.

f(D TEST 4, PAPER TEST 4, PAPER

. [Link]
- You are going to read an article about a woman pilot. Eight sentenceshave been removed
fram the article. Choose fram the sentences A-I

beginning (O).

Mark your answers on the separate answer

the one which fits each gap (15-21).
There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the

sheet.
A

e/

c
Polly's 46,000km record-breaking

This is the most dangeraus

journey began in January.

kind of ice as it is difficult to see it forming.

Polly,however, was determined not to let what had happened in the past cause
her anxiety.

FLYING INTO THE RECORD BOOKS l)/ Strong winds meant that she had used more fuel than expected.

E Up there in the sky you are completely free.

PollyVacher is no ordinary woman pilot. 1 O I I

1151 lit ended only three days behind schedulewhen she landed her PiperDakota at Birmingham .F The delay was the result of uncooperative weather.
in central England in May,five months later.
Ji There was tremendous media interest and on one occasion she gave up to seven
1161 1 This included storms and a cyclone in Fiji, a country in the South PacificOcean. Nor was the interviews in a single day.
journey without incident for Polly, who only learned to fly at the age of forty-nine.

One of the trip's most frightening moments came, vvorryingly, on the same raute where Amelia Earhart, the H The moon and the stars appeared and she even had time to do some sewing.

American pilot, went missingwhen she was attempting to fly around the world in 1937. 1171 1

In fact, she allowed herself to be photographed as she stood beside a Banyan tree, which Amelia Earhart had /' In 2001 she flew to the ends of the Earth and into the record books by becoming
the first woman to fly the smallest aircraft araund the world via Australia and the
planted in 1935, before setting olf for the 16-hour section of her flight fram Hawaii to California.
Pacific.

According to Pollyali went well for the first part of her journey 1181 1 Then suddenly it started to
get very bumpy. Checking the outside air temperature Polly discovered it was zera degrees. To her horror she
found streams of ice-cold rain running back along the wings and starting to freeze.1191 Tip Strip

Though Polly immediately dropped her height to prevent the weight of ice pulling her piane into the ocean, Sentence B: 'This' is likeiy to refer to something just mentioned.
there was more drama when the cabin suddenly went quiet. 120 I I As a result the main tank had
Sentence D: Where is fuei sto red on a smali piane?
run dry an hour early, but fortunately the emergency tank went into action and she was able to land safely.
Sentence F: What words in the text are iinked to the idea of 'delay'?

The lonely hours spent flying we re a great contrast to the warm welcome she received wherever she landed.

121 1 I The publicity she attracted also raised money for a cha rit y which provides flying scholarships
for disabled people.

Dl TEST 4, PAPER 1 TEST 4, PAPER 1 EU

 ,j;~iijll1i~~i~~a4:~r~'~
You are going to read about four countries that offer wark experience opportunities for
young people. For Questions 22-35, choose from the countries (A-D). The countries may
be chosen more than ance. When more than one answer is required, these may be given
TipStrip in any order. There is an example at the beginning (O).
Question 24: Look for a Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
similar way of expressing !(;'...NEPALjy;;";..,, ",;",'
the idea of inciuding
people. Which of the countries Magical India is a land of many contrasts. !t is impossible ]f you choose to wark in Nepal, you will find a well-
Question 28: Where to generalise about this subcontinent and everyone has a established programme fOTvolunteers, particularly in
might you expect to buy
things other than in a
makes special mention of its city-based projects? ~ different expeTience and different opinions. To live in
India is to be part of a way of life totally unlike anything
the capital Kathmandu.
else.
shop?
Question 33: What is the
offers different types of schools? ~ You will be offered opportunities in schools both in and
aronnd the city, ranging from well-equipped
People who volunteer to work in India spend up to six
word for someone who
doesn't eat meat'
has a European feel to it? @CJ months at a time in the south of India. !t's an area with a independent and state schools to much smaller ones set
up to hclp children who, without an education, would
special feel to it - the villages and farms feed local have no future.
will accept you directly into the community? [EL] people well, while the tempIes, sometimes bujlt on great
rocks overlooking the plain, satisfy people's spiritual
can rely on parental support for its education programme? @CJ needs. Volunteers spend up to six months at a time working
with children from the ages of five to seventeen. You
would you choose if you want to wark with South Indian community life is veTY close; if you work have a choice of working in busy Kathmandu, one of the
pre-school-age children? ~ theTe you will be treated as an addition to any school OT villages in Kathmandu Valley or in the peaceful town of
family that you join. The food is famous for its vaTiety of Pokara at the base of the great Annapuma mountain
offers a variety of sporting activities? [EC] spices, vegetables and fruit and many people aTe range by the shores of the beautiful Phewa Lake.
Accommodation is either with host families ar local
vegetaTians.
is recommended for its shopping? ~ You will find yourse'f helping with both prim ary and
hostels.

is benefiting from its own people's experience abroad? ~ secondary schoolchildTen. Same schools also have
children as young as nurseTY age, and you may well have
The surrounding countryside is excellent for walking and
climbing, boating on the lake, and white-water rafting in
the chance to work with them as well.
might require you to learn a locallanguage7 ~ the mountain rivers.
TTavellingin India offers great opportunities. The Tainy
gives you a choice of accommodation? rIiCJ rm=:J seasons in June and July and October keep the climate
cooleT,and do not interfeTe with daily life.
n.'TOGO:L.'/:"'f"!;.;"F,S..

would appeal to someone who doesn't eat meat? cm=:J Togo in West Africa is situated between Ghana and
Benin. The capitaj city, Lome, is on the coast close to
suggests that it offers unique opportunities? ~ the Ghanaian border.
Ghana is a colourful country of thick tropleal forests, wild
offers a stimulating classroom atmosphere? ~ savannah or bush and great beaches. !t is home to one of
Togo's officiallanguage is French and although Togo
has been independent since 1960 the French influence is
Africa's fTiendliest and most welcoming people. The stiU evident, from the architecture to the food.
Ashanti built theiT kingdom on Ghana's gold - their
country used to be called the Gold Coasl. Modern Lome is said to have the best market in West Africa and
Ghanaian culture is open and varied.
the Togolese are warm and hospitable people.
In re cent yeaTsGhana has attTacted new mancy, and Accommodation is cheap; you can choose to stay with a
many Ghanaians have returned home from wOTkingor host family ar you may prefer to find your own room or
studying abroad bTinging new investments and ideas with apartmenl.
them.
The south of the country is flat with lagoons along the
In Ghana people attach great importance to social and length of the coast, but as you trave! north the land
community events and many people are deeply Teligious. becomes hilly and rich with coffee pJantations.
The officiallanguage is English but the main spoken
languages aTeEwe, Twi and Ga. We can offer you work opportunities in secondary
schools where the classes Tange in age from 11-20.
Children and theiTpaTents see education as a way to
betteT jobs and good lives and children work hard at
school. ]f you are wOTkingwith young children in a
primary school, you will find that teaching 'ively songs
and rhymes is very popular.
Travelling around is cheap. Local minibuses, buses and
trains opeTate throughout most of the country and
wheTever you go you will be given a warm welcome.

UlI! TEST 4, PAPER 1

TEST 4, PAPER lIR
..
 You are going to read an article about a UK journalist called Paul Howells who gives advice 8 What does Paul Howells enjoy most about his job?
~,aA?;~;41i~?:~;'Zl~~gt~;t~%W TipStrip
on how to design web pages for the internet. For Questions 8-15, choose the correct A dealing with different people
answer A, B, C ar D. Questlon 9: If you haven't B his worldwide contacts
(Ome aeross the
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. expressjon 'must-see' C teaching design skilIs
before, you should be D the range of topics
able to guess what it
means.
9 What does Paul mea n by 'a must-see destination' in lines 14/15?
Question 11: What does
'a smali ineome' allow A a website that can no longer be seen
you to do? B a website that everyone wants to visit
Questlon 12: The word C a website that does not make a charge
'eljents' ean be used in D a website which has been well prepared
Whatllove about my job is the variety. ]f you have specialist skiUsor oxportise, it many different eontexts;
here it means
l get enquiries from people aU over the can pay you to sell the products that 10 Why did Pete Bennett set up a website on flags7
'wstomers'.
world asking me how they should go people want. I helped one woman design
about setting up their own website. rve a page to advertise the fact that she teUs A He knew lots ot people shared his interest.
been asked about sa many subjects - fortunes, based on the information that B He hoped to make a lot of money.
anything from sameone wanting to teach her clients supply her with. li you want 49 C A web advertiserwanted to sell flags.
people how to throw boomerangs to her to tell your fortune, you fill in a
questionnaire online - your age, date of D He'd been interested in flags tar years.
another person selling paper flowers
which they make at home in their spare birth, hobbies, interests and so on and for
time. a smaUfee she [Link] back your 11 Why did Pete Bennett accept advertising on his website?
fortune. You can print it out and it looks
Obviously with aUtho thousands of reaUygood, decorated with moons and A to attract mare hits
websites available at the click of a button, stars, your zodiac sign and your B to repay the huge fee
you want to create an impression with birthstone. l tried it myself and although C to add more interest
14 your website sa that it becomes a must- I'm not sure I believe it, my futuro/ D to help him earn same money
see destination. Not everyone is prepared, according to her is positive and exciting.
however, for the way in which a website I also found out that for someone bom in
can become sa popular that it actually has August, like me, the birthstone is a 12 Who are the 'clients' referred to in line 49?
to be closed down. peridot, a pale green stone which I'd
never even heard of! A interested people
When peoplo first set up their website B web page designers
they probably pay their web advertiser a l also get a fair number of complaints C internet providers
monthly fee basod on the number of hits from people e-mailing me to say that they D produet advertisers
or page impressions their site receives. li can't access a website. When they click on
they can pay their monthly fee without it the site a message appears on their screen
costing them too much, that is the best saying 'An erfor has occurred in the script 13 Why do error messagessometimes appear?
that most people hope for. One guy, Petc on this page'. This usuaUyhappens when A Peoplemake a mistake in their e-mail address.
Bennett, whom l helped, wanted to set up sameone has tried to achieve fancy effects
a one-stop shop to provide decent images on their website by using programming B Peopletry to put too much on the web page.
of the world's flags. He'd been fascinated techniques based on a scripting language. C Peoplehave used a program incorrectly.
by flags since his boyhood and had no This means that unless they reaUy know D Peoplehave clicked on the wrong button.
idea that thousands of other people what they are doing, whoever designed
shared his passion. Anyway, in one month the site has probably made a mistake in
14 What comment does Paul make about setting up a website?
his web page had over 1.5 millian hits. As their programming. This is wbere people
a resuh his internet provider trebled the like me come in. Most computer A It is usually fairly easy to do.
fee that he was being charged. He wasn't instruction guides make things appear B You must use a good instruction guide.
a rich person and he couldn't afford to quite straightforward, but unless you're
spond that amount of money on a hobby very skilled, you're likely to run into C lt can be quite complicated.
without any benefit to himself, sa he problems. !t's generally worth getting a D You should rely on your own skilis.
decided to carry advertising on his site. professional to help you set up your site in
He found a company which specialises in the first place - otherwise people like me 15 What does Paul's final sentence suggest about his wark?
smaUer sites and adverts were added to would be out of work. And le!'s face it,
the pages on his website. 50, although he . . 'ig A There's a lot ot money to be made in designing websites.
doesn't make a huge profit, at least his B There are far too many websites on the internet.
hobby provides him with a small income.
C There's a big chance of becoming unemployed.
D There are more web page designers than necessary.

lDiI TEST 5, PAPER TEST S, PAPER liDI

P;A,RT, .3'" ~'..'" You are going to read an artiele about a university prolessor. Seven sentenees have qeen
removed Irom the article. Choose Irom the sentenees A-H the one whieh lits eaeh gap A Popular musie is sueh a new area lor serious aeademie study that
(16-21), There is one extra sentenee whieh you do not need to use, There is an example at it has very lew prolessors in the worid, let alone Britain.
the beginning (O),
B And same reeent research suggests that things are not likely to
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
change in the near luture.

CHer publieations include three suceesslulbooks and numerous

articles.
SHE'S THE FIRSTEVER PROFESSOROF POP
D The Open University led the way in developing a course which laid
SheilaWhiteley is Britain'slirst Prolessorol Popular Music at the Open University. O I I A I the loundations for the study ol popular culture in universities.
Although she is naw in her sixties,ProlessorWhiteley, like many women ol her generation, had a short
career belore getting married and having ehildren. 16 J_-_JL .f.' Professar Whiteley remains as enthusiastic about modern music as
she was in her youth when the Beatles were around.
She completed a degree as well as qualilying as a teacher. At that time, at the beginning ol the eighties, a
number ol university lecturers were developing the academic study ol popular culture, including lilm, TV, F II you go into a recording studio, it is a strongly male environmenl.
radio and musie.

G This course is a mixture ol theory and practical musicianship.

1171 I The eoursecombined art, music and polities and SheilaWhiteley becamea tutor on the
OU course. H' Once her children had grown up, however, she turned to studying.

Today, Sheila Whiteley says that popular musie is sexisl. 'In the music industry, the number ol women holding
top positians is lew. 1181 I The same is true ol the lead guitar players in most pop and rock
TipStrip
groups. In a reeent list of the 100 best guitarists ol ali time published by a music magazine, only three were
women. Boysget together and learn how to play at around 12 or 13. 119\ I While boys grow up SentenceD: What does 'led the way' mean? At the head of something or following behind?

wanting to be lamous lootballers or rock stars, girls want to marry lootballers and roek stars.' SentenceE:Whatexamplesof modernmusieeanyouRndin the article?
SentenceH:Whatdoesthe word'however'contributeto the meaningofthis sentenee?
120 I 1 Naw, however,when she listensto the latest bandsshe discusseship-hop, rap, techno,
ragga and reggae with young would-be roek musicianswho are studying on the Popular Musie CQurse.
. 121 I I 'Beeausethe study ol popular music is 50 new there is a freedom which other academic
subjects don't have,' she says.

Topies under researeh in her department include the politics ol eertain kinds ol musie, and the inlluence ol
Norwegian laik musie on Norwegian jazz.

IIB TEST 5. PAPER 1 TEST S. PAPER 1 ~

 You are going to read a magazine article in which three writers describe the best places to
.~..;A':t~;T.%.;';\~ WWj~ij;A~;
visit if you want to see the biggest cats on Earth. For Questions 22-35, choose fram the
people A-<:'. The people may be chosen more than ance. When more than one answer is
required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (O).

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Tigers are 50 beautiful, orange and stripy, and wit h
cuddly white spots behind their ears. There are
Who For thirty years I have foliowed the big cats of Africa, prabably fewer than 7,000 left in the whole world
the lions, the leopards and the cheetahs and they have and sightings of tigers are rare.
finds lions most interesting? ~ never lost their magic for me. They are such mysterious If you want to see tigers, it's worth visiting a project
creatures, and in their comings and goings they are like
mentions seeing animals by boat? [EC] spirits fram another world.
Tiger Reserve in India. You can stay in government-
run rest houses, which are quite cheap. However, you
thinks it's best to go on an organised trip? rm=J Cheetahs are easy to find because they hunt in
daylight. They are also the fastest ani mai on Earth with
then have to hire your own transport with a driver
and a guide. You are also likely to be given a fixed
says you will always remem ber seeing an animai? ~ powerful, long limbs. They cannot fight lions but they raute by the warden which you must keep to. This is
can run away or hide. one way of making sure that not everybody goes to
mentions being in quite a dangerous situation? @:CJ Leopards are much harder to find as they are very shy.
the same place at the same time and it reduces the
amount of disturbance.
is concerned about the fali in animai numbers? lm:=:J lEC] But it is lions that I find most exciting of ali, and many
years ago it was the lions of the Masai Mara in Kenya
recommends a place to see more than one species? ~ that first caught my imagination.

comments on the way animals organise themselves? ~ Lions are the only truly social cats, increasing their ~
strength by living in graups, cal led prides. A typical
had only one sighting of an animai during a long period? ~ pride might include about six females and two or three For me, the jaguar is the most impressive of all the
big cats. Why? Its beauty? Its status in South
mature males. Most females remain in the same pride
came acrass an animalone evening? LTID all their lives, but young males are forced to leave after American folk tales? Its power? Ali these and more.

comments on animals being visually attractive7 rm=J twa ar three years to wander until they become strong
enough to form their own pride.
The jaguar is a rare animai, hard to see, and it
deliberately avoids humans. Almost everyone who

thinks animals could belon g to another planet? ~ If you're hoping to see ali three big cats in action, goes on safari in Africa will see a lion and many
there is nowhere better than the Masai Mara. people will see cheetahs and leopards. But you have
thinks it's easy to see cheetahs and leopards? [EL] to be very lucky to see a jaguar.

mentions controlling access to the animals? ~ The jaguar is the world's third largest cat after the
lion and the tiger. It is most often found in the
trapical rainforest in Brazil, but if you really want to

TipStrip see one, you have to keep to the rivers and the
It's not easy to see a tiger, but when you do, you'lI
beaches. In the dry season between May and
never forget it. I saw my first one at dusk in Nepal.
Question 25: Look for a sentence that makes the situation clearly dangerous, even though the September you may be lucky and see a jaguar
word itself isn't in the tex!. Half the tigers in the world live in India, but in western
sunbathing on the river banks, but you can increase
Nepal, on the Kanali River, which is famous for its
Question 31: What other words do you know for 'evening'? your chances of seeing one if you go on a river
dolphins, you can see tigers as well. cruise.
Question 33: How else can we refer to something belonging to another planet?
When I first saw the tiger it was sitting far away on a
In Central America there are thought to be only a
forest raad, but It had disappeared when we reached
few hundred, while in Amazonia they are still
the spot. I searched the bushes without success, untill
widespread. I spent eight months in South America
realised a huge male tiger was staring out at me from
and only saw a jaguar once during the whole time I
among the leaves. I backed away and It sprang across
was there.
the road and vanished.

. UlI TEST S, PAPER 1 TEST 5, PAPER 1 lB'iI

 iI';,~'i§R@1J'!Z~2'{i;l!I~r~~i;!You are going to read a part of a story about a girl called Maria who is going on holiday 7 What do we learn about Maria's parentswhen they speakto her without turning
TipStrip
with her parents. For Questions 7-13, ehoose the eorreet answer A, B, C or D. round (Iines 1-3)?
This text is taken from a
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. A They would rather ignore her.
modern novel;the style is
descriptive and the writer B They are too busy talking together.
focuses on how Maria C They do not expeet an answer.
feeis and reacts to things D They think she may be asleep.
'All right, back there?' said Maria's father. around hero
'Not much longer naw,' said Maria's mother.
8 Why does Maria hope there will be something to talk to at the house?
Neither of them tumed round. The backs of their heads rode smoothly forward Question 7' Read the first
between the landscapes that unrolled at either side of the car; hedges, trees, fields, few lines carefully. If
houses came and went before there was time to examine them. A She says she often feels bored and lonely.
Maria's parents really
Back behind her parents' travelling heads, with the countryside unrolling tidily at wanted to talk to their B She ean't rely on people to talk to hero
each side' of her, Maria hoped there would be something to talk to at this holiday house daughter they would C She dislikes being wit h other ehildren.
her parents had rented for the month. You can always talk to people, of course. It is probably tum to look at D She feels people have fixed ideas.
usual, indeed. The trouble with people is that they expect you to say particular things, her - at least her mother
and sa you end up saying what they expoct, or want. And they usually end up saying would and her father 9
what you expected them to. Grown-ups, Maria had noticed spent much time telling would repeat his
What doesthe writer suggest about Maria's opinion of adult conversation?
each other what the weather was like, or wondering aloud if one thing would happen, question if he needed an A It is too diffieult to follow.
ar another. She herself quite liked to talk to her mother, but somehow her mother was answer.
B It ean often be quite dulI.
always about to go out, or into another room, and by the time Maria had got to the Question 10; Readthe
point of the conversation, she had gone. Her father when she talked to him would listen C The topies are unexpeeted.
text carefully and think
16 with distant kindliness, but not as though what she said were of any great importance. how Maria must feel D The topies are interesting.
Which, of course, it might not be. Except, she thought, to me. when her mother
And sa for real conversation, Maria considered, things were infinitely preferable. disappears as soon as 10 Whieh word best describesMaria's feelings when she tries to talk to her mother?
AnimaIs, frequently. Trees and plants, from time to time. Sometimes what they said she wants to talk to her.
20 was consoling, and sometimes It was uncomfortable, but at least you were having a A disappointed
conversation. For a real heart-to-heart you couldn't do much better than a clock. For Question 13' Why does B worried
a casuaI chat almost anything would do. Maria say 'Good'?
C angry
'Here we are,' said Mrs Foster.
Maria and her parents got out of the car and stood in front of the house, considering D impatient
it. At least Maria considered it. Her mother said, 'How pretty. I like the white
walls,' and her father began to take the suitcases from the car. Maria went on 11 What do you think the writer means by Maria's father listening with 'distant
considering. kindliness'? (Iine 16)
It was a tidy house' II stood neat and sguare - or rather, rectanguIar, for it was
longer than it was high - with a regular number of green-shuttered windows upstairs A He eannot always hear what she says.
and down, on either side of a black front door. B He tries very hard to understand hero
'Well, Maria,' saidMr Foster. 'Is it anything like you imagined?'
'No,' said Maria. C He is not really involved in what she says.
'Built around 1820,I should think,' said Mr Foster in his instructing voice. D He pretends to know what she means.
And Maria thought, never mind about that, because somewhere thereis a swing. 11
is blowingin the wirid- I can hear the squeaking noise it makes. Good, I shalIlike 12 What does 'it' in line 20 refer to?
having myown swing. And someone's got a little dog that keeps yapping. She walked
round thecomer of the house into the garden, to see where the swing might be, but A what things sayto Maria
there was nothing to be seen except a large sguare lawn and a good many trees. B Maria talking to herself
C what people sayto Maria
D the attitude of Maria's father

13 What is Maria most interested in when she arrivesat the holiday house?
A there is a dog she ean talk to
B the faet that the house is very old
C the faet that she ean hear a swing
D the surprising appearaneeof the house

. DJI TEST 6, PAPER

TEST 6, PAPER a;;u
p 'A'{RT"3;:§iC't;;t: You are going to read an article about a team of gardeners from England who went to
TlpStrip
India. Eight sentences have been removed fram the article. Choose fram the sentences A Before getting down to work the team decided to visit the local shops and
A-I the one which fits each gap (14-20). There is one extra sentence which you do not Sentence B: What is The markets.
need to use. There is an example at the beginning (O). Terror Run?
Sentence F: Which
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. paragraph mentions a BAlso present were lots of children, the bravest of whom thoroughly enjoyed
structure that can be
testing The Terror Run.
referred to as a
'monument'?
.C In 2001 this money was used to create a garden for the children.
A GARDEN FOR PALNA CHILDREN'S HOME Sentence H: Why was the
assignment unusual?
D In the centre of the garden was a large Neem tree which is com mon in many
Palna Children's Home is in Delhi, in India. The word palna means 'cradle' in Hindi and the staff at the home gardens in India.
look after helpless and often very sick children. The children receive a high standard of medical care as they
are nursed back to health. O I E I ,~ Many children live at the home, whereas others come on a daily basis.
1
Everythree yearsThe British Council, which is a charitable organisation, givesthe PalnaChildren's Home This white marble monument was built in the seventeenth century and is
about fSO,OOO.1141 I Groundforce, the team of people responsiblefor developing the garden, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the worid,
are best known for their gardening programme on BBCtelevision. 1151 I
y' The pipes were dug into the ground and made secure by pilingup earth and
In setting out to transform the graunds of the children's home in Delhi, Groundforce visited the Taj Mahal building simpledry stane wallson either side of each tunnel.
palace. 1161 1 Not only the buildings, but also the gardensof the Taj Mahal were a sourceof
inspiration to Groundforce when it came to designing the children's garden in Delhi. H 50 for gardeners used to working in a very different enviranment and climate this
assignment was unusual, to say the least.
Before starting work, the team looked carefully at the existing grounds in order to design a garden which
would be culturally appropriate and at the same time provide fun and pleasure for the children. ) However, Groundforce came up with a design that made the most of the space,
117 ! I Natural substances fram this tree can be used for medicinal purposes. using the existing Neem tree at the centre.

The garden at Palna was much larger than the typical British gardens that the team we re used to working on.
1181 1 They createda central circle around the Neem tree which was connected to other parts of
the garden by long, formai avenues of palm trees, called bottle palms. The pathways we re made out of local
stone and the overall effect of the pathways radiating out from a central point resembled the rising sun. The
walls were painted a deep rich red, and peaceful seating areas in the shade for staff to relax were carved by a
local stonemason using stane from Rajasthan.

Groundforce used huge concrete drainage pipes for the children to run through. 1191 I One of
the tunnels was designed with a water feature. This was made by creating a constant fountain-like spray of
water at the tunnel entrance using shower heads fixed Into the graund. 5hower heads normally spray water
downwards but these shower heads point upwards. The tunnel is known as The Terror Run; the slower the
children run through it, the wetter they get!

When the garden was finished there was a grand apenin g ceremany at which everyone who had been

involved in the project was present. 1201 1 The team of gardeners,who said it was the most
complicated garden they had ever created, were delighted by the looks on the children's faces when they saw
their new garden for the first time.

lI!I!1 TEST 6, PAPER 1

 You are going to read a magazinearticle in which four young people talk about running
~,~~jfl~'i~~~~iK~1$!i\1j~4
their own business, For Questions 21-35, choose from the people A-D, The people may
be chosen more than once, When more than one answer is required, these may be given
in any order, There is an example at the beginning

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet,

(O),
young B u s N E s s E s
An old factory was empty for 30 years until young people

started moving in and setting up their own businesses,

Who

went directly from studying into business? ~ ;C'.Euan ",'.'.'..'/,'."";.',

was refused a bank loan? rm=J I started up my oWn businessbasicallybecauseI was

out of work. I was fed up with applying for jobs and
I tried to get a loan from a bank in order to start up
my business. I spent hours producing a business plan,
was unemployed for a while? [EL] not even making it to the interview stage, Anyway, I
saw an article in the local newspaper about renting
but the manager turned me down because she
thought it would take years for me to make any kind
is thinking of expanding their business? @C] work space in an old factory. You could get a loan for of profit. Well, how wron g she was! My parents lent
any equipment and you only needed to repay the me the money for the first year's rent and I started
borrowed money from their family? [EL] money once your business was making a profit. Added wark in one of the factory's smallest rooms, Now, my
to which the rent was very law. business has grown to such an extent that I actually
has a smali staff of people working for them? ~ ~ 50 that's exactly what I did. I borrowed some money
rent three rooms. I make wigs for people in show
business. It's not that these people are bald, they've
gave their original work away as gifts? cm=] and bought a computer and a colaur printer. I've
always been interested in art and design and I love
ali got their own hair. It's just that most of them are

discovered the factory by reading about iP ~ music and watching videos, I set about designing
covers for music CDs and videos and sent off some of
on stage night after night and they don 't always have
time to look after their hair ar get to a hairdresser, 50

works on other deslgners' products7 cm=J my work to various music companies, entertainment they rely on being able to wear a wig that exactly
matches their oWn hair co!our.
magazines and sa on and within a year I had more
mentlons the amount of time their work takes? ~ [ITC] orders than I could cope with by myself. Now, twa A wig is very expensive - anything from fl000
years down the line, I employ a staff of three and upwards for just a smali hairpiece. The raw materia I
has already expanded their working space? @C] we've branched out into designing the covers for to make a wig is very costly and then every hair has
computer games, I've been incredibly lucky and my to be threaded by hand sa it's hours of work. And
chose thelr career while learning something else? ~ business has really taken off. then you have to look after a wig very carefully; it
needs to be repaired quite often which takes time.
doesn't mention the cost of their product? [EL] For that reason a lot of people actually have twa.

sells thelr product to the theatrical world? ~

My parents told me about the factory when I was DMeryl;;, ",..,Cj
looking for a studio to set up my own business. I had
TipStnp left art college fuli of ideas as to what I was going to I moved into the factory straight after leaving
Question23: Look for the person who has new ideas for developing their business. do. But I was horrified when I saw the cost of renting university. I studied history but ever since I was a smali
even a tiny studio. child I've been interested in sewing. And halfway
Question 32: 'expanded' is used here to indicate an increase in working space.
I produce hand-made gift boxes and wrapping paper. through my degree course I realised that although I
Question 34: One person makes no mention of whether ar not their product is expensive.
Each box is individually designed and decorated with was enjoying the subject, what I really wanted to do
gold flowers and butterflies, The wrapping paper is as a career was embroidery - that's stitching with silk
and threads and suchlike. I used to embroider scarves
made to match and I will also take customers' requests
if they want something very special. Sa, because for friends for birthday presents and people loved
everything is hand-made my products are quite them. 50 I sent same scarves to a couple of top
expensive, But you can't buy them in shops or London stores and they placed orders almost
supermarkets so they really are special. straightaway, They send me the scarves made by their
own design team and I embroider and decorate each
Actually as the demand for my wark has increased, I've scarf so that it's completely unique and individual. As
now got sameone working for me and I'm thinking of it's a very expensive decorative technique and takes
setting up a mail order business, probably using the hours to do, the scarves are only found at the top end
internet.
of the fashion market. Recently, I've been asked to
If it hadn't been for the opportunity to rent a space in embroider the necklines of jackets and the bottom
edges of trousers and skirts, sa business continues to
the factory, I would still be waiting and hoping!
expand.

E:I:!Jf] TEST 6, PAPER 1 TEST 6, PAPER 1 iD.]

.
 Prepositional Phrases

A C o m p lete th e b la n k s w ith th e p re p o s itio n s in , o n o r at.

__________ a farm __________ the right/left __________ __prison ___________ __ a queue

__________ work __________ the North __________ __ the back of ___________ __ school

__________ town __________ 17 Walkley Road __________ __ the door ___________ __ the suburbs

__________ university __________ the outskirts __________ __ the mountains ___________ __ rows/a row

__________ the country __________ an island __________ __ the crossroads ___________ __ Park Avenue

B Read th e sentences a n d c o m p le te th e m w ith th e p re p o s itio n s in , o n o r at.

1 My brother is working part-tim e___________ the hospital.

2 There is a TV s e t___________ the corner of the room.

3 James s its ___________ the fro n t of the class.

4 They went on a boat rid e ___________ the river.

5 Homeless people sleep___________ the streets of most major cities.

6 He had to stay___________ hospital for a week after his operation.

7 My girlfriend is waiting for m e___________ the corner.

8 The robbers parked their c a r___________ fro n t o f the bank.

C Read th e sentences a nd c o m p le te th e m w ith th e p re p o s itio n s in , on, at, by, for, fro m o r o u t.

1 You can hand in your assignments___________ Tuesday____________ the very latest.

2 A tattoo is ___________ life. So, think carefully before deciding on having one done.

3 Kick-off is in tw enty minutes, s o ___________ the meantime, do your warm-up exercises.

4 the beginning, I didn’t want to have a p a rty ____________my birthday, but now I’ve changed my mind.

5 Typewriters are already___________ o f date.

6 You should read the in trod uctio n___________ the beginning of the book.

7 now on, no one is allowed to enter the school building during the lunch break.

8 I haven’t seen Michael___________ ages, so I’m going to visit h im ________ the weekend.

9 It’s a pity I have to remain indoors___________ such a nice day.

10 I can’t talk to y o u ___________ the moment. Ring me back____________ a while.

11 It’s difficult to see the moon in the s ky___________ day.

12 I’m really worried about Sam. He should have been here___________ now.
 unit0 2

Read the sentences on the left and m atch the phrasal verbs w ith their definitions on the right b y w ritin g the
correct num b er in the box next to each definition.

GET
1 Jo e w as a fussy p e rs o n and difficult to get on /along with.
escape
2 T h e police s u r r o u n d e d the build in g, m a k in g it difficult for the crim in als
o v e rc o m e
to get away.
m a n a g e to live
3 He a lw ays gets away with his bad behavio ur.
have a g o o d relationship
4 A large p e rc e n ta g e of the p o p u la tio n get by on v e r y little m oney.
avoid being punished
5 It took Betty m o n th s to get over h er f a th e r’s death.

B PULL, THROW
1 T h e authoritie s de cla re d the b u ildin g unsafe and had it pulled down
get rid of sth unwanted
immediately .
demolish
2 A stra ng e rattling noise forc ed the d riv e r to pull over o n t o the hard m o v e closer to the side

shoulder. of the road and stop (for

vehicles)
3 It w as tim e I threw out / away m y old trainers. T h e y w e re torn.

Words with Prepositions

A Com plete the blanks w ith prepositions.

Adjectives Nouns Verbs

amazed a de scrip tion distinguish re m in d sb sth

careful a failure e x o e rim e n t sth (=teii sb again to do sth)

crowded a search glance re m in d sb sb/sth

(= seem sim ilar to sb/sth)

fed up a solu tion he a r sb/sth

(=have inform ation about) smile

re a dy

satisfied hear sb specialise

(-h a v e new s fro m ) stare

join vote

re gard sb/sth

B Read the follow ing sentences and com plete them w ith prepositions.

1 M u st I a lw ays remind y o u _______________ the need to follow the p r o p e r p roc e du re ?

2 I h a v e n ’t heard _______________ Lisa for o v e r t w o w e e k s now.

3 T h e police released a description_______________ the w a n t e d man.

4 T h e park w a s crowded _______________ enthusiastic te e na ge rs ce le bra ting the end of the school year.

5 T h e r e m u s t be a solution_______________ y o u r p ro b le m .

6 “I’m a failure_______________ life,” de cla re d the f a m o u s a cto r to his a d o rin g fans.

7 In s o m e cult ures staring _______________ pe op le is co n sid e re d offensive.

unit 0 2
8 Have you heard ____________ the latest medical discovery?

9 A final search____________ evidence at the scene of the crime proved fruitless.

10 You remind m e ____________ myself when I was your age.

Grammar Revision (Relative Clauses - Clauses of Time)

See Grammar Review page 148 ,

A Read the text belo w and complete each blank with one word. A ll the missing w ords are relative pronouns
or adverbs.

Marilyn Monroe, (1 )___________________________ was one of the world’s most famous film stars, was born in 1926.

Marilyn, ( 2 ) ___________________________ real name was Norma Jean Baker, had a miserable childhood. She grew up

in Los Angeles, ( 3 ) ___________________________ she spent most of her early years in foster homes. That’s

( 4 ) ___________________________ she still felt lonely even when she became famous. She worked as a model and also

played minor roles in various films before making “Niagara”, the film ( 5 ) ___________________________ made her very

popular. In 1954 she married Joe di Maggio, with ( 6 ) ___________________________ she entertained American troops

fighting in Korea. She went on to make many films, some of ( 7 ) ___________________________ were very successful such

as “Some Like it Hot”, “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes” and “ Bus Stop”. Her film career ended tragically in 1962,

( 8 ) ___________________________ she died at the age of th irty six.

B Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.

1 Celia was driving to the airport, she realised that she had left her passport at home.
A As soon as B As C During D Until
2 I will have finished studying___________________________ the film starts.
A until B while C by the time D once
3 The audience started clapping___________________________ the singer came on stage.
A by the time B the moment C while D just
4 Peter won’t leave___________________________ he has finished all his work.
A until B by C just as D when
5 I haven’t heard from h im ___________________________ we finished school.
A before B as soon as C after D since
6 Jane was working as a jo u rn a list___________________________ she was writing her first book.
A during B while C just as D once
7 My mother used to c r y ___________________________ she heard this song.
A by the time B the moment that C whenever D until
8 The police officer returned my driving licence___________________________ he had checked it.
A just as B until C while D after
9 She burst out laughing___________________________ she saw the clown.
A as soon as B since C until D while
10 we got back to the hotel, it was already dark.
A The moment that B A s soon as C By the time D Once
 unit 0 2

M y brother, who]s<fis a chemical engineer, works The room (which/that) he works in is small./
for a multinational company, (subject: who) The-*Qom4n-where-he-werks is small.-
Jennifer’s brother, who you met Qajfi at her party last T-h©K>©m-where-heworks-inis-small;-
week, is an engineer, (object: who) The-r©et»inthat'he-werks- is-smaftv— -
(Have only one word fo r the subject or the object o f
the relative clause.) ? I have 3,000 stamps, some of which are valuable. S
I-kave-3-,00©-sta«tps,-someoHhat arevaiuabfe
Ann’s father, who/whom we met last week, is ill. / (expressions o f quantity+whom/which/whose)
Am^s-father, that w e met last w cck,4s-ift—
(That is not used in non-defining relative clauses.) ? When I grow up, I want to become a dentist. /
Whefl-f will grow up, I want-to-becomea-dentist.
The man with whom she is talking is her He said he would call as soon as he returned. /
husband. / He-said-he-wo a ldreali-as-SQ&nas-foewoutd return,
(preposition + whom /which) (Never use will and would after time words)
The-Haafl with who/tfrat-sheis-talking'isfrer
Jausban4r-
s>I visited two museums while I was on holiday. /
I visited two museums during my holiday. /
The man (who(m)/that) she is talking with is her
husband. /
TA4sited4¥fe^Hise«ms^aHng^wasiMriTOftday-~
(w ho/w hom /w hich/that+prepositions) (during + noun)

The room where he works is small. /

The room in which he works is small. /

Key Transformations

& Students who wish to go on the day-trip should She always watched TV after she did / had done her
write their names on this list. homework.
Students wishing to go on the day-trip should write
their names on this list. & I will sign the document when I read / have read it.
I will sign the document after I read / have read it.
® She always did her homework first and then she I won’t sign the document before I read / have read
watched TV. it.
She never watched TV until she did / had done her I won’t sign the document until I read / have read it.
homework.
She never watched TV before doing / having done <0 Andrew left after/before breakfast.
her homework. Andrew left after/before having (had) breakfast.
She would never watch TV before she did / had Andrew left after/before he (had) had breakfast.
done her homework.
She always watched TV after doing / having done
her homework.
unit02
Examination Practice

A Choose the correct answer.

1 The Smiths built a huge house___________ the outskirts 6 The electricity will be reconnected______________
of the town. the bill.
a. in b. on a. when you will pay b. when you pay
c. at d .to c. when you are paying d. during you pay
2 Once th e y ____________ we'll talk to them about it. 7 There are people who manage to g e t___________
a. came b. will come on very little money.
c. come d. are coming a. with b. over
3 The m an____________ in the front row is c. round d. by
Mrs Davidson's nephew. 8 The h o te l___________ we stayed was perfect.
a. who is sitting b. where is sitting a. in where b. in which
c. who sitting d. that sitting c. which d. that
4 " _________ _ now on, you won't be allowed to use 9 The students le ft___________ they finished the test.
your mobile phones at school!" the headmaster warned a. as soon as b. as
the students. c. while d. until
a. By b. For 10 "What did you do on Saturday?"
c. At d. From "We visited the to w n ___________ our grandfather
5 My grandmother knitted me a ju m p e r___________ grew up.
are too long. a. which b. that
a. which the sleeves b. that the sleeves c. where d. when
c. the sleeves of that d. the sleeves of which

B Complete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar meaning to the first sentence, using the w ord given
unchanged. You must use between two and five words, including the w ord given.

1 Here’s the house where I lived as a child.

in Here’s the house________________________________;__________________________as a child.
2 I don’t know what made her quit her job.
reason I don’t __________________________________________________________ she quit her job.
3 Passengers wishing to get up can do so after the seat belt light has gone off.
who Passengers_____________________________________________________ can do so after the seat belt light has gone off.
4 He didn’t study enough for his exams, so he failed two of them.
caused He didn’t study enough for his exams_______________________________________________________ two of them.
5 He always checked his car tyres before setting off on a journey.
u ntil He never s e to ff on a jo u rn e y_____________________________________________ his car tyres.
6 I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels and there were only a couple that I didn’t enjoy.
m ost I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels,__________________________________________________________ I enjoyed.
7 Dr Williams is a cardiologist and has his surgery on the second floor.
whose Dr W illiams,__________________________________________________________ on the second floor, is a cardiologist.
8 Last week Phil took part in a spelling competition and won first prize,
in Phil won first prize in a spelling com petition______________________________________________________ last week.
 unit 0 2

S e c tm

Worcft easily confused

. se the correct form of the w ords in the boxes to com plete the sentences in each group A-G below. You m ay
use some of the w ords m ore than once. In some cases, m ore than one w ord m ay be correct.

look see watch notice regard stare glance observe

1 We spent weeks in Africa________________________ the way lions catch their prey.

2 Did y o u ________________________ the tie he was wearing? It had pink elephants on it!

3 The students________________________ the new teacher with curiosity.

4 Always________________________ left and then right before crossing the road.

5 Don’t ________________________ at people like that! It’s really rude.

6 I ________________________ a great science fiction film last night.

7 Before I bought the magazine, I ________________________ through it quickly.

8 I couldn’t h elp ________________________ the big red spots on his face.

9 B ill________________________ at his watch and started running. He was late for school.

B find out invent discover detect

1 Many serious illnesses may be cured if they a r e ________________________ early enough.

2 “We m ust________________________ as much as we can about the gang,” said the detective.

3 Was it Captain Cook w h o ________________________ Australia?

4 The first camera, the Kodak 1, w a s ________________________ by G. Eastman in 1888.

explore investigate look for lookup (do) research

1 The police came t o ________________________ the murder immediately.

2 I still h ave________________________ to do for my project on sharks.

3 I m ust________________________ this word in the dictionary, because I don’t remember what it means.
4 Mum, I’m ________________________ my trainers. Have you seen them?

5 As soon as the five friends got to the cave, they decided t o ________________________ it.

D attempt effort trial experiment

1 It takes a lot o f ________________________ and patience to learn how to play a musical instrument.

2 John’s case came t o ________________________ and in the end he was found innocent.

3 The athlete failed in his la s t________________________ to break the world record.

4 Many cosmetic companies claim they don’t carry o u t________________________ on animals.

5 I worked for the company for a (n )________________________ period of two weeks before I was fully employed.
unit 0 2
E audience spectators viewers sightseers onlookers witnesses

1 T h e ________________________ disagreed with the referee’s decision and interrupted the football match.
2 The two teenagers claimed they were ju s t ________________________ and had nothing to do with the fight.

3 Paris attracts thousands o f ________________________ all year round.

4 At the end of the play, t h e ________________________ applauded enthusiastically.

5 T h e ________________________ were asked to give a detailed description of the accident.

6 The concert was broadcast on TV and attracted one b illio n ________________________ worldwide.

memorise remind recall recognise

. her at first. She had changed a lot.

_ his phone number because I didn't have a pen to write it down.

______ him to buy coffee, otherwise he’ll forget.

________________scenes of World War II.

view sight image

1 The sun affects m y ________________________ when I’m driving, so I always wear sunglasses.

2 We have a s u p e rb ________________________ of the sea from our balcony.

3 The child started to cry at t h e ________________________ of the dogs.

4 The television show was about t h e ________________________ you can visit in Rome.

5 The police arrived at t h e ________________________ of the accident within minutes.

6 An actor’s ________________________ is im portant for his career.

7 I ran out of paint, so I couldn’t finish the sky for the background________________________ in the play.

8 When we were leaving the flower show, we were asked to fill in a questionnaire to give o u r ________________________

on what we had seen.

 unit0 2

Derivatives are form ed from n o u n roots, ad jectiv e roots and v e rb roots. In this unit w e w ill deal with
adjectives, adverbs and nouns which derive from certain noun roots.

Noun Root Adjective = Noun + -ful Adjective = Noun + -less

Describing a quality or Having enough of that quality or Not having that quality or
characteristic (often abstract nouns) characteristic characteristic
care careful careless
Adverb = Noun + -fully # Adverb = Noun * -lessly
carefully carelessly

■Some other common nouns that form adjectives and adverbs in the same way are: colour, harm,
hope, meaning, pain, power and use.
• The noun doubt forms the adjective in -ful and the adverb in -fully and in -less.
doubt 4 doubtful doubtfully - doubtless
• In some cases only one of the two adjectives - and corresponding adverbs - derives from the noun root,
not both.
beauty 4 beautiful - bg$Erttig$s / beautifully - bejjZrfrtessly end 4 - endless / e rp k rffy - endlessly
In the same way: delightful, dutiful, grateful, aimless, effortless, heartless, homeless, nameless, pointless
and shapeless.
• The opposite of some adjectives in -ful is un + noun root + ful, not noun root + less.
success 4 successful * unsuccessful skill 4 skilful * unskilful truth 4 tru th fu l * untruthful
• Sometimes both adjective forms (noun root + less and un + noun root + ful) derive from the same noun.
In such cases the two adjectives have different meanings. The adjective form un + noun root + ful is the
opposite of the adjective in -ful.
h e l p h e l p f u l (= sb who gives help) t unhelpful (= sb who doesn’t give help)
helpless (= sb who needs help)
> The opposite of some adjectives in -less is noun root + -y or noun root +-b le, not noun root + -ful.
guilt ^ guiltless 4 g uilty sleep 4 sleepless * sleepy
sense 4 senseless * sensible value 4 valueless * valuable (note the changes in spelling)
■ Be careful with the meaning of the adjectives derived from price.
price ^ pricey (=expensive)
4 priceless (= too valuable to have a price)

Noun Root Noun = Noun + -ship

1 Somebody in a certain position / occupation 1 State of being in certain position / occupation
author authorship
2 Somebody having a relationship with sb else 2 Relationship between two people
friend friendship

• Some common nouns that form nouns in the same way as author are: citizen, leader, member and owner.
• Some common nouns that form nouns in the same way as friend are: companion, partner and relation.
• Some nouns form nouns in - ship with a different meaning: champion, scholar and sponsor.

NOTE: When you are asked to complete a sentence with a suitable word deriving from a given root, read
the sentence carefully to decide: 1) what part of speech the missing word is (noun, verb, adjective or
adverb), 2) if the missing word has the same meaning as the given root (e.g. success-successful) or the
opposite meaning (e.g. success-unsuccessful).
unit 0 2
Com plete the sentences w ith the co rre ct fo rm of the w ords in capitals.

1 The top model w a s ____________________________ dressed in an elegant evening gown. BEAUTY

2 My street i s ____________________________ because it’s far from any main roads. PEACE
3 Our football team won t h e ____________________________ at the end of the season and received CHAMPION
____________________________ from a large company. SPONSOR
4 There are thousands o f ____________________________ people sleeping in the streets. HOME
5 I bought a ____________________________ dress but its colours faded after I washed it. COLOUR
6 I was fined because I was driving ____________________________ . CARE
7 The directions you gave us were ra th e r____________________________ , as we still got lost. HELP
8 I am feeling q u ite ____________________________ because I didn’t get enough sleep last night. SLEEP
9 I got into a business____________________________ with my cousin but it ended up PARTNER
being ____________________________ . SUCCESS
10 The musical performance was s o ____________________________ that the audience gave POWER
the orchestra a standing ovation.

11 The witness’ statement didn’t help the police in the investigation, so it proved to
b e ____________________________ . VALUE
12 The man was found ____________________________ of shoplifting and sentenced GUILT
to one month in prison.

13 He h a s ____________________________ completed his postgraduate studies. SUCCESS

14 The new lazer treatm ent can extract teeth ____________________________ . PAIN
15 It’s just a ____________________________ dog. There is no need to panic. HARM

Exam ination Practice

A Read the text belo w and decide which answ er A, B, C or D best fits each space.

A NIGHT A T THE THEATRE

Going to the theatre brings back happy memories, as it (1)________________________ me of my very first performance on

stage, (2)________________________ was th irty years ago. Parts of that particular night are so vivid that I can still picture
myself as though it were yesterday. The excitement amongst the actors, the (3)________________________ applause and

the party after the opening night are memories which will remain with me for (4 )________________________ .
I don’t know how we managed to do so well. The rehearsals were far from satisfactory because we thought that

we could just have two rehearsals a week (5 )________________________ in fact we needed more. The background

(6 )________________________ to the last act weren’t ready until an hour before the beginning of the play despite the set

builder’s best (7)________________________ .The director was not satisfied (8 )_________________________ anything and he

didn’t even want to show up on the first night. Admittedly, I wouldn’t have wanted to either.

(9 )________________________ the night finally arrived, we were all a bit worried. I remember (10)________________________
through the curtain ten minutes before the start and being amazed (11)________________________ the

(12)________________________ of a full house. Finally, it was time for the curtain to go up. In the end, we proved the director
wrong and everything went like clockwork.
 unit 0 2

1 A recognises B reminds C recalls D memorises

2 A which B when C where D who

3 A onlookers’ B viewers’ C audience's D spectators’

4 A life B ages C a while D time

5 A where B when C which D whenever

6 A images B visions C scenes D sights

7 A attempts B efforts C trials D tries

8 A by B in C at D with

9 A When B After C While D Until

10 A glancing B noticing C staring D watching

11 A in B at C on D for

12 A view B vision C sight D image

B Complete the text belo w with the correct form of the w ords in capitals.

Many people consider (1) ______________________ to be the FRIEND

most im portant (2)______________________ they can have. RELATION

It is (3)______________________ to have a friend you can talk WONDER

to and share (4 ) ______________________ experiences with. VALUE

However, it is im portant to choose friends

(5)_______________ . CARE

An ideal friend should be (6 )______________________ THOUGHT

and when any difficulties arise, hopefully be there for us.

Of course, there will be times when we m ight be

(7)______________________ of our friends. But, we should DOUBT

always talk things through in a (8 )______________________ SENSE

way and find a solution to our problems. Moreover,

we should be careful not to be (9 )______________________ . TRUTH

W ithout honesty, the bond between friends is

(10)______________________ and not worth anything at all. USE