TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

FROM JIQUILPAN

DEPARTMENT OF
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND
BIOCHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONNAIRE
TECHNICAL METHOD OF THE BOOK EVALUATION OF
PROJECTS.
AUTHOR: BACA URBINA.

MIRANDA HERNANDEZ CYNTHIA CECILIA

No. CONTROL: 15420412

PROJECT ENGINEERING
ALFONSO HIGAREDA M.
May /2019
1. What relationship exists between the technical study and the other project studies?
The technical study is the result of the previous studies, as once it is demonstrated that...
market viability, the location, size, and the process must be determined
production and the laws that will govern the plant according to the information gathered in the
previous evaluations and thus avoid a capital expenditure greater than forecasted.

2. In what ways can the productive appearance solution affect the evaluation?
economic of the project?
If a production process is not chosen well, one may start producing more than the
demand for the product in the region where the plant is located and generates product
idle and raw materials that remain in storage, which generates capital losses or
there are also processes with great technology that cost a lot of money and therefore
you must choose the process well; also, certain processes are better to produce on a large scale, since
In small amounts, the costs of supplies are rising; all of this is part of the evaluation.
economic and constitutes a large part of the investment.

Identify the productive processes that occur in the project of a hospital, of a

university and an automotive services agency.
The hospital and the university are processes by product because where, metaphorically, they
"they heal" sick. And in the university, it is because, although the task of teaching is
basically the same, each student is a particular world that requires attention
staff of the teacher. And at the car service agency as well since if it has
certain dimensions in it are undergoing various repair tasks, different, although
at the same time.

[Link] the most important variables to consider when selecting the

productive process.
Inputs, supplies, transforming process, productive equipment, human organization
products, by-products and waste.

5. Define an analysis methodology, identifying the main variables.

to conduct the technical study of the following projects: a) creation of a school
primary; b) reopening of an airport; c) creation of a general hospital; d)
opening of a tourist area.
a) Land assessment for land use, suppliers for materials
construction, legislation that must be complied with, size of the school, availability of
market for private education, availability of startup capital, location of
school, distribution of classrooms, offices and laboratories, and organization of staff by
hierarchization.
 b) Size and distribution of the new area, tax incentives for remodeling,
availability of a broader market, acquisition of new material and equipment, and
internal distribution of the remodeled area.
c) Hospital size, high patient demand, hospital location,
land selection, tax incentives and legal framework, acquisition of equipment and machinery,
distribution of the area, organization of hospital staff and cost calculation.
d) Market availability and capital, market size, availability
from supplies to the area, location of the area, tax incentives for opening businesses
and jobs and legal framework regarding commercial laws.

6. What variables mainly influence the determination of the program?

purchase of materials?
The suppliers of raw materials and inputs. And their ability to
supply the last ones.
The prices, the insurances, guarantees.
Maintenance service in the country.
Obtain the materials in the country in case it is not possible to do so at import costs.

7. What are the main determining variables of plant size?

Demand, supplies and inputs, process equipment, financing and
staff organization.

8. Explain the relationship between size and geographical distribution of the

demand for a product.
If the demand is greater than the size of the proposed plant, it must be such that
it only meets a low percentage of demand, no more than 10%, as long as there is a
free market. If an oligopoly regime exists, it is advisable not to enter the market.
when agreements exist that guarantee market sharing and the supply of materials
cousins.

9. How does the technological process condition or limit the size of a

project?
Within certain operational limits, greater production scale in certain processes leads to
they promote a lower investment cost per unit of installed capacity and greater
performance, this will reduce costs, increase profits, and elevate profitability.
That is why certain processes or production techniques require a minimum scale to be
applicable and will therefore generate more space in the plant.
10. How is it possible to determine the optimal size conceptually or mathematically?
a project?
Through some methods such as:
Lange Method.
Escalation Method.
Qualitative Method by points.
Vogel's quantitative method.
Path Diagram.
SLP Diagram.
All of them will contribute characteristics that will generate an optimal size with the
indicated properties.

11. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of point location methods and of
Bird.
Point localization method.
The advantage of this method is that it is very simple and quick but its main
the disadvantage is that both the assigned weight and the grade given to
each relevant factor will depend exclusively on the preferences of the
researcher and therefore they cannot be reproducible.
Vogel's method.
Among its advantages, this is a precise and totally impartial method.
The disadvantages:
Supply and demand must be equal.
It does not consider other factors for the localization that are transportation costs.
The quantities of supply and demand do not vary over time.
The unit transportation costs do not vary with the quantity transported.
Supply and demand are in homogeneous units.
Transport costs are a linear function of the number of units shipped.

12. Describe the methodological steps necessary to apply the Vogel methods and
by points.
Vogel's method.
Calculate the difference between the two smallest costs in each row and in each
column and write the resulting numbers on the right side and at the base of each row
and column.
Select the row or column that has the smallest cost difference and assign it.
as many units as possible to the lowest cost cell. In case of a tie,
the row or column with the lowest cost cell is selected.
Do not consider in later situations the row or column that has been
satisfied.
 Use the already reduced matrix after removing rows or columns. Repeat the steps of
one to three, until the entire offer has been allocated to all the demand and this
has been fully satisfied.
Method of points.
Develop a list of relevant factors.
Assign a weight to each factor to indicate its relative importance (the buts must
adding 1.00), and the assigned weight will depend exclusively on the criterion of
researcher.
Assign a common scale for each factor (for example, from 0 to 10) and choose any
minimum.
Rate each potential site according to the designated scale and multiply it
rating by weight.
Add up the score of each site and choose the one with the highest score.

13. What are the assumptions on which the Vogel method is based?
The assumptions, also considered disadvantages of the method are:
Supply and demand must be equal.
It does not consider more factors for localization than transportation costs.
The quantities of supply and demand do not vary over time.
The unit transport costs do not vary with the quantity transported.
The supply and demand are in homogeneous units.
Transportation costs are a linear function of the number of units shipped.

14. Describe what block diagrams, flowcharts, and cursograms consist of.
analytical.
Block diagram
It consists of enclosing each unit operation applied to the raw material.
in a rectangle; each rectangle or block is placed continuously and is joined
with the previous and the subsequent through arrows that indicate both the sequence of
the operations with the flow direction.
Flowchart
It has so many details and information where an internationally recognized symbolism is used.
accepted to represent the operations carried out.
Analytical course program
It is a more advanced technique than the previous ones, as it presents more information.
detailed process, which includes activity, time spent, distance
route taken, the type of action carried out, and a space for observations.

15. Mention what the principles and objectives of plant layout are.
Total integration of all factors affecting distribution.
Minimum travel distance, to minimize material handling.
 Utilization of cubic space.
Safety and well-being for the worker.
Flexibility.

Identify how many types of processes exist and what their characteristics are.
1. Process by project or component: It involves the manufacture of a product
exclusive, which involves designing a unique process for each project. They are
long and complex processes. Here the labor, materials, and equipment
they arrive at the workplace.
2. Intermittent or product process: we can find two types
Production by workshops: Work is done in small batches of a large quantity
of products that adapt to the characteristics that the customer specifies.
Batch production: Varied batches are also worked with, but there is
greater automation. It is a system known as production in centers
of work. Each batch arrives at a work center for an operation and
when completed it is moved to the next center.
3. Mass production:
Mass production: the machines and work stations are located a few
continuation of others, according to the sequence of tasks to be carried out. Examples of
this type of production is: the manufacturing of automobiles, calculators,
pens.
Continuous production: the product goes through a series of operations
continuously different, with hardly any stops in the production process.
Requires high automation and is operational 24 hours a day.
Examples of this are: the steel and paper industry.

17. Explain what the flexibility of a production process consists of.

A distribution that can be easily readjusted to the changes required must be obtained.
the means to change the type of process in the most economical way possible if it were
necessary.

18. Mention the factors that must be taken into account for the acquisition of
equipment and machinery.
Provider.
Price.
Dimensions of the machinery.
Machine capacity.
Mobility flexibility.
Labor required for the operation.
Maintenance cost.
Electric energy consumption or others.
Necessary infrastructure.
 Auxiliary equipment.
Cost of freight and insurance.
Existence of spare parts in the country.

19. Apply the SLP method to carry out the distribution of the facilities of a
higher school of chemistry.

20. In what cases is the use of the traveling chart recommended?

to make a layout of the plant?
In plants that are considered standard and where the sectors are grouped in such a way as to
process.

21. Analyze the fact that when the plant layout is carried out, it is always obtained
an optimal and not ideal distribution.
All methods have approximations to the plant distributions and will give you a
optimal distribution for the moment they perceive it, but there is undoubtedly no one
ideal distribution since many more factors intervened which could not be predicted
clearly and with a mismatch, however, these distributions remain open
as far as possible the door to future modifications.

22. What elements should be considered in the definition of a structure?

organization?
The initial calculations on investment and operating costs.
The available administrative spaces.
The hierarchy.
The flexibility of the organization.
23. How does organizational analysis affect the initial investment of a project?
The decision to propose in their study the hiring of certain external services
initial and permanent changes will significantly alter the initial calculations on investment and
operating costs. Large companies find it more convenient to absorb these
external services instead of hiring them, thus avoiding higher expenses since it is part of the
same payroll.

24. Mention why it is important to know the current legislation in the country and the
location where the project is developed.
Both the constitution and a large part of the local, regional codes and regulations,
nationals. They somehow impact a project, and therefore, must be taken into account.
in mind, since all business and profitable activity is incorporated into
determined legal framework.