EXERCISE WORKSHOP 2

Sample space and events.

1. Consider the experiment of tossing a coin and rolling a die.
a) Describe the sample space associated with this experiment.
b) Explicitly express the following events.
A={sun appears and an even number}
={sun appears and the odd number}
C={eagle appears and an odd number}

2. The items coming from a production line are classified as defective.

they observe the items and note their condition. This process stops when they appear
two consecutive defective items or when four items have been verified.
a) Describe the sample space
b) Describe the event A="The process has ended solely due to the emergence of
two consecutive defective items

3. A box contains three white t-shirts (B), two red ones (R), and one yellow one (A). One is extracted.
random t-shirt. Indicate what the elementary events are, give an example of an event
safe and give an example of an impossible event.

A certain store has a system that verifies the validity of credit cards.
If a card is valid, the green light turns on, and if it is not, the red light turns on.
Three cards are checked in the store, what is the sample space?

5. In a laboratory, there are one hundred rats that are administered a dose of a medication and
the number of rats that survive after seven days is observed. Describe the space
sample.

Calculation of probabilities.

SeaEa sample space with four elementsE A . Which of the

Are the following functions a probability? Explain your answer.
a)P(A) 1/ 2, P(B) 1/3, P(C) 1/4, P(D) 1/5
P(A) 1/2, P(B) 1/4,P(C) 1/4, P(D) 1/5
c)P(A) 1/2, P(B) 1/4, P(C) 1/8, P(D) 1/8

2. Carmen, Lola, Mercedes, Juan, Fernando, and Luis arrive at a meeting.

Mr. Juan Diego Canul Chalé

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

a) A person is chosen randomly regardless of the order.

i) Describe the sample space of this experiment
ii) What are simple events?
iii) How would you assign probabilities to simple events?
b) If two people are chosen at random regardless of the order, obtain the sample space for this.
experiment.

Counting techniques.

A box contains 4 balls numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively, let the experiment of

extract 2 balls at random. How many elements are there in the sample space?

2. How many 3-digit keys with distinct digits can be written with the digits
1, 2, 4, 6, 8?

3. With 6 weights of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 kg. How many different weights can be obtained?
taking them three at a time?

4. A water tank has 4 drainage pipes that discharge 1, 3, 5, and 10 liters per minute.
respectively. If you want to empty the tank, opening any 2 of these.
pipes, how many different ways can the tank be drained?

5. How many distinct five-digit numbers can be formed with the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 that are less than 54000?

6. Consider the seven digits: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Arranging three of them without repetition,
a 3-digit number will be formed.
a) Calculate the total number of possible numbers.
b) Calculate how many even numbers can be formed.
c) Calculate how many distinct numbers can be formed if they must be greater than
500.
d) Calculate how many of the numbers are even and greater than 500.

In a batch of 12 books, there are 7 mathematics books and 5 physics books. Calculate in how many ways.
how many distinct ways can we arrange four of them if:
The first and the fourth must be mathematics.
b) The first and the fourth must be physics.
c) The first and the fourth must be from the same subject.
The first must be mathematics and the second must be physics.

LICENSEE JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

e) The first must be physics and the second mathematics.

The first must be in mathematics.
The first must be from mathematics and the other three must be from physics.
The first one must be physics and the other three must be mathematics.
There are no conditions.

8. In a group of 15 foreign tourists, there are 6 Germans, 5 French, and 4 Italians.

Calculate how many different ways 5 chairs in a row can be occupied if:
The first and the last must be French.
The first and the last must be of the same nationality.
The first one must be German.
The first must be German and none of the others should be.
e) The first must be French and the second must not be.

9. In a batch of 15 books, there are 6 in mathematics, 5 in physics, and 4 in chemistry. Calculate the
how many ways can we arrange 5 of them on a bookshelf if:
a) The first and the last must be physics.
b) The first and the last must be of the same subject.
The first one must be from mathematics.
d) The first one must be math and none of the other 4 should be.
The first must be physics and the second must not be.

10. Calculate how many distinct three-digit numbers can be formed with the digits: 2, 3,
5, 7, and 9. How many of them are multiples of 5?

11. With the letters A, B, and C and the digits 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, license plates will be created.
How many can be made if each plate is formed with two different letters followed by 3
distinct digits?

12. Calculate the number of ways in which 4 girls and 4 boys can sit in a row, if the
men and women should be alternated.

13. A group of 9 people attends a theater and has reserved consecutive seats. If
In the group, there are 3 siblings that must be together, calculate in how many ways.
Those 9 people can occupy their places in different ways.

14. In a group of 12 women, there are 5 dressed in white, 4 in blue, and 3 in black. Calculate.
How many distinct ways can 12 chairs in a row be occupied if those of the same color must
to be together.

Mr. Juan Diego Canul Chalé

 EXERCISE WORKSHOP 2

15. At a meeting attended by 4 technology representatives, the director and the deputy director are present.
academic and the administrative deputy of each of them. If those 12 people
They will need to occupy 12 chairs in a row and the authorities from each Technological Institute must be together.

calculate how many different ways they can do it.

16. At a declamation contest in the auditorium of the Technological Institute, the director attends, the
academic deputy director and the administrative deputy director, these three along with 7
Teachers are going to occupy 10 chairs in a row, calculate in how many different ways they can.
do it if:
The 3 authorities must be together.
The director and the academic secretary must be together.
The director and the deputy administrative director must be together.

17. There is a set of 10 different books and 6 of them will be placed around a
round table to be exhibited.
a) Calculate how many different ways we can do it.
b) How many ways are there if the books to be arranged are 7?
c) How many ways are there if the 10 books are to be arranged?

18. The principal of a school and 6 of his teachers are going to occupy 7 chairs around a
round table to analyze an academic problem.
a) Calculate in how many different ways they can occupy their places.
b) Calculate how many different ways they can occupy their places if the director must
to occupy a specific chair.
c) Calculate in how many different ways they can take their places if the director and one
specific professors of the group must be together.

In a classroom, there are 40 students, 15 of whom are women and 25 are men; of the
25 men 7 speak English and of the 15 women 8 speak English. If they select one
random student, calculate the probability that:
be a woman.
be a man who does not speak English.
He/She speaks English.
be a woman who speaks English.
he does not speak English.

20. If 2 standard dice are rolled, calculate the probability that the sum of their numbers
sea

Mr. Juan Diego Canul Chalé

 EXERCISE WORKSHOP 2

less than 5.
b) greater than or equal to 8.
c) prime number.
greater than 4 and less than 10.
a multiple of 3.

21. Calculate the probability that a family with 3 children will have:
exactly one man
the 3 of the same sex
at least one woman
3 women
In a batch of 16 radios, there are exactly 5 defective; if 3 radios are selected
at random, calculate the probability that:
all 3 are defective
none is defective

23. In a urn there are 14 balls, of which 5 are white, 3 are black, and 6 are blue. If
4 balls are drawn, calculate the probability that:
the 4 are blue.
b) the 4 are black.
c) all 4 are white.
d) out of 4, exactly 2 are white.
e) of the 4, 2 are white and 2 are blue.

24. With the conditions of example 6, calculate the probability that the student is
selected
I studied mathematics and physics.
b) study mathematics or physics
c) study math or physics, but not both
d) study the 3 subjects

25. In a club of 75 people, it is necessary to:

30 people speak English.
25 people speak French
30 people speak German
11 people speak English and French
10 people speak English and German
9 people speak French and German
g) 6 people speak the 6 languages

Mr. Juan Diego Canul Chalé

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

h) If a person from the club is selected at random, find the probability that:
a) people speak French, but do not speak English and German.
b) the person speaks English or French, but not both languages.
c) the person does not speak any of the 3 languages

26. Two standard dice are rolled, and it turns out that different faces come up; calculate the probability.
that both sides are odd numbers.

27. Two standard dice are thrown and one face shows an odd number while the other shows an even number; calculate the
probability that their sum is a prime number.

28. A family with 3 children is visited and it happens that all 3 are of the same sex; calculate the
probability that all 3 are women.

29. In a box there are 5 radios, of which 2 are defective and 6 lamps of the
which 3 are defective. An item is randomly selected from the box, resulting in
being defective; calculate the probability that the selected item is a
radio.

30. In a box, there are 10 balls, of which 3 are black, 3 are white, and 4 are red. There
they randomly draw 2 balls from the box and it turns out that both are of the same color; calculate the
probability that the 2 balls drawn are blue.

31. Solve the problem of example 3 by applying the definition of P(A/B).

32. Let A =ø and B be any event, prove that A and B are independent events.

33. Let A and B be two events in an equiprobable space, such that A ≠ ø ≠ B; prove
that if A and B are mutually exclusive, then they are not independent.

34. Urn A contains 10 balls of which 6 are white and 4 are black; urn B
It contains 8 balls, of which 6 are white and 2 are black. If one is randomly drawn...
ball from each urn, calculate the probability that:

both 2 are white

both are black
c) both are of the same color

35. 4.- calculate the probability that, when rolling a standard die 3 times, the same number appears 3 times
way 4.

36. 5.- a coin is tossed 3 times and let the events be: A = '3 heads or 3 tails are obtained'
B = "at least 2 heads are obtained". Determine if they are independent or not.

Mr. JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

37. 6.- Let A and B be two independent events such that P(A) = 1/2 and P(A... B) = 2/3, calculate
P(B)

38. 7.- calculate the probability that, when throwing a die and a coin successively,
it happens that the die shows an even number and the coin shows tails.

39. 1.- A teacher taught a physics course to three groups let's say M, N, and R. The
the corresponding grade lists are such that: In M there are 36 students of
of which 20 passed. In N there are 24 students, of which 21 passed. In R
46 students appear, of which 30 passed. Let the experiment be to choose at random.
a list and then randomly select a student from it.
a) Calculate the probability that the list is M and the student is approved.
b) Calculate the probability that the list is N and the student is approved.
c) Calculate the probability that the list is R and the student is approved.
d) Calculate the probability that the list is M and the student is not approved.
e) Calculate the probability that the list is N and the student is not approved.
f) Calculate the probability that the list is R and the student is not approved.
g) Calculate the probability that the student passes.
h) Calculate the probability that the student is not approved.

40. Of the students who entered high school 1 at UADY this academic year
school, 34% came from federal secondary schools, 46% came from secondary schools
state schools and 20% came from private secondary schools. It is also noted that 68%
of the federal secondary schools, 41% of the state secondary schools and 61%
of the private schools are women. Let the experiment be to randomly select one of
the students.
a) Calculate the probability that it is a federal secondary school and that it is a woman.
b) Calculate the probability that she is from a public secondary school and is a woman.
c) Calculate the probability that she is from a private secondary school and is a woman
d) Calculate the probability that he is from a federal secondary school and is a man
e) Calculate the probability that he is from a state secondary school and is a man
f) Calculate the probability that he is from a private secondary school and is a man
g) Calculate the probability that it is a woman
h) Calculate the probability that it is a man

41. There are 3 urns as follows: One urn M contains 4 white marbles and 2 black ones. One
Urn N contains 3 white marbles and 5 black ones. Urn R contains 5 white marbles and
3 black balls. If a urn is randomly selected, a marble is drawn from it and it turns out to be
black, calculate the probability that the urn is R.

LIC. JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ

 WORKSHOP EXERCISES 2

42. In a school, 45% of the students are men and 55% are women; 30% of
the men and 15% of the women are taking a probability course. If a
a student is randomly selected and it turns out that they are taking a probability course.
calculate the probability that the student is a woman.

43. Consider the experiment of flipping a coin and then rolling a regular die.
a) adequately represents the sample space
b) give 2 events that are mutually exclusive.
c) give 2 events that are not mutually exclusive.

44. For a group of 300 high school students, the following data is available:
100 are taking the English subject, 80 are taking the French subject, and 30 are taking both.
subjects. If a student is randomly selected, calculate the probability that they will take
English or French, using the formula for the probability of the union of two
events. In relation to the previous problem, determine if the events:
the selected student is studying English
b) the selected student is taking French are mutually exclusive.
45. In a sample of 100 students from a school, it is found that: 10 students have
calificación A, 20 alumnos tienen calificación B, 40 alumnos tienen calificación C, 20
students have a grade of D, 10 students have a grade of F. If two students are
randomly selected, calculate the probability that:
none have grade A
b) both have a rating of C
one has a grade B and the other a grade C
one has a grade of B and the other does not.

46. Calculate the probability of getting:

exactly one face
b) exactly two faces
at least one face

47. When planning a family of 4 children, a couple is interested in the following events:
all of the same sex
exactly one male
at least two males
Find their corresponding probabilities.

In a batch of 6 books, 2 are mathematics books and 4 are not. If they are randomly arranged in a
bookseller, calculate the probability that:
the 2 math books stay together

Mr. Juan Diego Canul Chalé

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

b) the 2 math books remain in the top 2 positions.

49. A group of 4 boys and 4 girls will be randomly arranged in a row of 8.

chairs. Calculate the probability that:
the 4 girls finish in the top 4 positions
b) the top 4 places are occupied by people of the same gender
c) the boys and girls remain alternated.

In a group of 11 deputies, 6 are from the PRI and 5 are from the PAN; if a commission of 4
deputies are chosen at random, calculate the probability that:
2 from the PRI and 2 from the PAN
at least one results from the PRI
at least one results from the PAN
d) none are from the PAN

51. Calculate the probability that, when rolling two regular dice, the result is:
a) the product of their numbers is prime
b) the product of their numbers is greater than 8 but less than 25.
c) the two numbers are different
d) the two numbers are distinct and the greater is odd
the sum and the product of the numbers are even

A secretary has written 3 letters to 3 specific people and has labeled them
corresponding envelopes. If you decide to place the letters randomly in the envelopes,
calculate the probability that:
a) the 3 letters go to the wrong people
at least one arrives at its correct destination
at least one goes to the wrong person
the 3 take the correct destination

In a batch of 10 books, there are 4 physics books and 6 mathematics books. If 4 of such books ...
They are randomly arranged on a shelf, calculate the probability that the following occurs:
a) the first is a math book
b) the first 2 are math books and the other 2 are physics books
the first 2 should be mathematics
the first 2 are of the same subject

54. A group of 12 professionals consists of 7 engineers and 5 economists;

During a work meeting, 6 of them will occupy a row with 6 seats.

Mr. JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

available, if arranged randomly in the chairs, calculate the probability of it occurring

what:
the first 2 chairs should be occupied by engineers and the other 4 by economists
b) the first 2 chairs are occupied by economists and the other 4 by engineers
c) the first 2 chairs are occupied by engineers
the first 2 chairs are occupied by economists
e) the top 3 places are occupied by engineers and the other 3 by economists
f) the top 3 positions are occupied by economists and the other 3 by engineers.
the top 3 places are occupied by engineers.

55. In a group of 9 soldiers, there are 2 Mexicans, 3 Americans, and 4 French; if they are lined up
randomly calculate the probability that it occurs that:
the first 2 are French
b) the first 2 are of the same nationality
c) the first 3 are French
d) the first 3 are of the same nationality

56. There are 7 marked balls with the numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9; if 4 of them are arranged
at random, to form a 4-digit number, calculate the probability that the number
formed turns out to be:
by
b) odd
greater than 5,000
greater than 4,000 and less than 8,000
multiple of 5

57. Let's consider the 6 letters A, B, C, p, q, r; if they are arranged randomly, calculate the
probability that it will happen that:
The first letter should be uppercase
the first and the last letter are uppercase
c) both the first and the last are either uppercase or both are uppercase.

58. In a batch of 20 books, there are 8 mathematics books, 7 physics books, and 5 chemistry books. If 6 of such
books are chosen at random, calculate the probability that the following occurs:
the 6 books are of the same subject
there should be 2 of each subject
c) let 2 be mathematics and the other 4 not be
at least one is from mathematics
at least one should be of physics.

LIC. JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ

 WORKSHOP OF EXERCISES 2

In a batch of 30 coins, there are 13 of 100 pesos, 10 of 50 pesos, and 7 of 20 pesos. If 4 of

these coins are chosen at random, calculate the probability that:
a) the 4 result in the same denomination
b) none turns out to be 100 pesos
c) none turn out to be 20 pesos
d) at least one turns out to be 100 pesos
at least one results in 50 pesos

A group of 40 high school students consists of 25 men and 15 women.

Of the men, 11 of them are first-year students and of the women, 9 are
first year students. A committee will be formed with 5 of such students to
attend a conference, if the 5 students are selected randomly, calculate
the probability that:
the 5 be of the same sex
b) the 5 are first-year students
There are 3 men and 2 women.
there are 3 men and 2 women and none of the men are first-year students
year.
e) let there be 3 men and 2 women, and none of the 5 are first-year students.

61. In a sample of 20 sales receipts from a bookstore, it is found that 8 of them are for
more than $10,000. If 4 of them are selected at random, calculate the probability that
It happens that:

a) the 4 be for more than 10,000

b) at least one is for more than 10,000
c) two should be more than 10,000 and the other two should not.

62. In a group of 30 athletes participating in a tournament, there are 10 baseball players, 12

soccer players and 8 tennis players (none participates in more than one sport). If randomly are
5 of them chosen, calculate the probability of it happening that:
a) the 5 participate in the same sport
two of them are baseball players and the other 3 are tennis players
c) two of them are baseball players and the other 3 are not
at least one of them is a baseball player
at least one of them is a tennis player

LIC. JUAN DIEGO CANUL CHALÉ