CHAPINGO AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL PREPARATORY

I.-TABLE OF IMMEDIATE INTEGRALS 1 1 u

22. a2 u 2you u a2 u 2  a2arcsine c
2 2 a
Y
uo evah a u c
n1
23. u2 a2you
1
uu2 a2
2
1
2

a2lnu u 2 a2 c 
u
[Link] the c
n 1 II.- PROPERTIES OF THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
you
3. lnu c The indefinite integral of the sum or difference of two or more functions is
u
equal to the sum or difference of its integrals.
au
[Link] c
lna f(x) g(x)dx f(x)dx g(x)dx
u u
5e. you e  c
2. The constant factor can be taken out of the integral sign.
6. I am you  cosu c
c f(x)dx c f (x)dx
7. the action of the sin senu c
III.- INTEGRATION BY CHANGE OF VARIABLE
[Link] u du  ln(cosu) c
In some cases, to obtain integrals that cannot be calculated in
9. how are you in the sense c immediate form, the integrand is adjusted by a change of
variable in such a way that it takes the form of an immediate integral.
10. sec you do ln(secu tan u) c That is, if the integral exists in the form

[Link] u du ln(cscu  c f(x)dx f(g(x))g'(x)dx

 
 Function Derivative
12. sec2you two thank you c Integral no
immediate
internal of the function
internal

13. csc2u du  cotu c

Making the change of variable: u = g(x) and therefore du = g'(x)dx, we
facilitates integration
14. sec u tan u du security c

15. csc you fellow.  CSCU c f(x)dx f(u)du

IV.- INTEGRATION BY PARTS

you u
16. arcsin c
a 2 u 2 a When the integral is not immediate, but the integrand is equal to
product or quotient of two functions; that is, of the form
you 1 u
17. arc tangent c
2 u a 2 a a
f 1
du 1 u f g dx o dx f dx ,
18. 2 2 arcsec c g g
uu a a a
you 1 u a The integration is done by applying the integration by parts formula:
19. ln c
2 u a2 2a u a
in the dv uv in you ,
you 1 a u
20. ln c
2 a u 2 2a a u
It is necessary to: 1) Identify the functions uydv
you 2 2
21. u a c
2) Determine by differentiating, and v integrating
u2 a2
3) Replace the result deduced from the formula of

integration by parts and calculate the integralin you

 AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF CHAPINGO AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL

V.- INTEGRATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 3. The denominator Q(x) has quadratic factors with complex roots.
that do not repeat. For each quadratic factor ax2+ bx + c exists
If the integrand contains an expression of the form: partial fraction

a 2 u 2 u 2 a 2 a 2 u 2 Ax B
, o
a x 2 bx c
Raised to any exponent, integration is carried out by a
trigonometric substitution, according to the following table: 4. The denominator Q(x) contains quadratic factors with roots
complexes that repeat. To each quadratic factor (ax2+ bx + c)nthe
SHAPE OF TRIANGLE SUBSTITUTION the sum of "n" partial fractions corresponds

RADICAL RECTANGLE TRIGONOMETRIC A1 x B1 A2x  B2 Anx Bn

  
you = u / a
2
ax  bx  c  ax  bx c 
2
2
 ax  bx c 
2
n

a VII.- REDUCTION FORMULAS

a 2 u 2 u a sen = u

The reduction formulas are obtained by integrating by parts, and among

acos d you the most common ones are the following:

tan = u / a
1 1 n 1 n 2
[Link] ndx  you xcosx you xdx
n n
a 2 u 2 |u a tan = u n cos 1 n1 n 1 n 2
[Link] dx xsenx cos xdx
n n
a a sec2 d you 1 n1 n 2
3at.n x dxn tan x tan x dx
n 1
sec = u / a
1 n1 n 2
u [Link] dx  cot x cot x dx
2 2 n 1
u a a sec = u
1 n2 n 2 n 2
[Link] x ndx tanxsec x sec x dx
a n 1 n1
asec tan d you
n 1 n 2 n 2 2
[Link] dx  cotxcsc x csc x dx
n 1 n 1
VI.- INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS
m1 n1
m cos xsen x
The integration by the method of partial fractions consists of 7. cos(x)sin(x) dxn 
m
decompose a proper fraction of the form P(x)/Q(x) into a sum
m 1 m 2
of two or more partial fractions. The denominators of the fractions  cos xsenx n dx
Partial results are obtained by factoring Q(x) into factors. m n
linear and quadratic. The following cases are presented: m1 n1
 you xcos x
[Link] dx 
1.- The factors of Q(x) are all linear and none are repeated, that is, m n
the denominator is factored into first-degree real roots and m 1 m 2 n
 you xcosx dx
different. The decomposition occurs in the form: m n
n n n n 1
P(x) A B C D 9. xsenx dx x cos(x) x cosx dx
   
Q(x)x a x b x c x d n dx n 1
[Link] xsenx nn x senx dx

2. The factors of Q(x) are all linear and some repeat; that is, n dx
x n x n 1x
11.x and x and x e dx
the roots of the denominator are real numbers, some of which repeat
of them. To each factor of Q(x) of the form (ax + b)nit corresponds to a
sum of "n" partial fractions:

A1 A2 A3 A
   
ax b  ax b  2
 ax b  3
 ax b  n
 AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY CHAPINGO AGRICULTURAL PREPARATORY

VIII.- SECOND FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS XI.- VOLUME OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION

You are a continuous function on [a, b) yF (x) a primitive function def, By rotating around the axis, the area under a continuous function f(x)
then: in [a, b undefined (x) 0, a solid of revolution is obtained, whose
volume is determined using the formula:
b b
f(x)dx F(x) F(b)
a F(a) b
a 2
V f(x)dx
a
IX.- AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES

Sifygson of continuous functions in [a, b] , and sig (x) f (x) for

todaxen [a , b then the area between f and g is given by the
formula:

b
A f(x) g(x)dx
 
a mayor minor

It is recommended to graph the functions f and g to find the limits.

of integration solving the resulting equation of f (x) = g (x).

If the rotation is performed around the y-axis, the volume is calculated by

the formula:

b 2
V g(y)dy
a

The volume of the solid generated by rotating around the x-axis two
positive functions f (x) and g (x), continuous on [a, b] , and that satisfy
f (x) g (x) for all x in [ a , b ] , it is calculated with the formula:
X.- LENGTH OF A CURVE
b
2
The length of a curve is determined using the formula: V f(x) g(x)dx2
 
a mayor minor
b
2
L 1 f'(x)dx,
a

When the interval [a, b] is known and the algebraic expression of the
function
 AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF CHAPINGO AGRICULTURAL PREPARATORY

XII.- TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

The identities that are most applicable when calculating integrals

trigonometric functions are:

you cos
1)tan cot
cos you
1 1
csc 4) sec
you cos
1 2
5) cot 6) you  cos 2 1
tan
7) 1 tan 2 sec2 8)1 cot 2 csc2

2 1
9) you  1  cos2 
2
1
10) cos 2  1 cos 2 
2
11) you 2 2 sen cos
1
12) you cos you  )  sen  )
2
1
13) you you cos (  )  cos(  )
2
1
14) cos cos cos (  )  cos (  )
2

Prepared by: Prof. Maurilio Ángel Vega

Prof. Valente Guzmán Morales updated.