CD

Determinanfs
TREND
Average No. of Questions Across all Sets
ANALYSIS
Types of Questions 2024 2023 2020

1 Mark 1 1 2
TOPIC 01 Expansion of Determinants 2 Marks

3 Marks 1

4 Marks

5 Marks

6 Marks 1

1 Mark 1 2

TOPIC 02 Adjoint and Inverse of 2 Marks

a Matrix
3 Marks

4 Marks 1

5 Marks 2 1

6 Marks 1

TOPIC 1

Expansion of Determinants
Determinant Value of a Determinant
To every square matrix A = ] of order n, we can 1. Determinant of a matrix A = [a] of order 1 is given by
associate a number (real or complex) is called a |^! = |a| = a
determinant of the square matrix A. It is denoted by det A «ii a
12
[a b 2. Determinant of a matrix A = of order 2 is
a 21 ^22
or A . U A = , then determinant of A is written as
c d
a b given by I /4| = -Oil ● U22 ^21 ■ ^12
«2i a
A\^ = det (A). 22
c d
a 11 ^12 a
13
NOTE (i) For matrix 4, | /I | is read as determinant of A, not modulus of A.
3. Determinant of a matrix A = ^21 a
22 ^23 of order
(ii) Determinant gives numerical value but matrix do not give numerical
value, a 31 ^32 a
33 J
(iii) Only square matrices have determinants.
3 is given by expressing it in terms of second order
 52 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

°12 0
determinants. This is known as expansion of a 15

and ^21 °22 a 23 -Oil ^11 + <^12^12 0,j A,5 .

determinant along a row or column.
051 o 32 0 33

^22 ^23 1+2 ^21 a 23

+ (-i) flj2 (ii) If elements of a row (or column) are multiplied with cofactors of any
^32 ^33 «3l a
33 other row (or column), then their sum is zero.
1+3 ^21 022
+ (-])
Singular and Non-singular
a
13
^31 ^32

[●.* expansion along first row, i.e. ] Matrices

NOTE (i) There are six ways of expanding a determinant of order 3
corresponding to each of three rows (#?,, Rj 3nd Rj) and each of If the value of determinant corresponding to a square
three columns (C„ Cj and Cj). matrix is zero, then matrix is said to be a singular
(ii) For easier calculations we will expand the determinant along that
row (or column) which contains maximum number of zeroes.
matrix, otherwise it is non-singular matrix, i.e. For a
(iii) While expanding, instead of multiplying by (-1)' we can
square matrix if .^ = 0, then it is said to be a
multiply by +1 or -1 according as {/ + j) is even or odd.
singular matrix and if | A\ ■* 0, then it is said to be a
non-singular matrix.
Minor Theorems
1. Ifv4 and B are non-singular matrices of the same order,
Minor of an element of a determinant is a determinant then AB and BA are also non-singular matrices of the
same order.
obtained by deleting the fth row and yth column in which
2. The determinant of the product of matrices is equal to
element Oy lies. Minor of the element ay is denoted by My. product of their respective determinants, i.e.
NOTE Minor of an element of a determinant of order n (n >2) is a
jAB I = j IIB j, where A and B are square matrices of
determinant of order (n -1). same order.

3. The area of a triangle whose vertices are (Xi,yi), (X2,y2)

Cofactor and {x^, yj) is given by
1

Cofactor of the element ay of a determinant, denoted by Ay

^ yi
^ = -^2 Y2 1 ■
or Cy, is defined as Ay - (-1)'"^-^ My, where My is a minor
of the element ay.
NOTE (I) Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take the absolute
NOTE (i) For expanding the determinant, we can use minors and cofactors as value of the determinant.
0 11 a 12 a 13
(N) If area is given, then take both positive and negative values of the
021 a
22 °23 = 0]l — Qj2 + Oij M- determinant for calculation,
a 31 a 32 a 33
{ill) The area of the triangle formed by three collinear points is zero.
 PYQs Previous Years Questions

1 Mark Questions 0 2x-\ 4x

Multiple Choice Questions g. The value of\A\,if A = \-2x 0 l4x , where
-■yjx -2-Jx 0
'I ^ If ^ is a square matrix of order 2 and \ A\ = ~X then xeR'^, is CBSE Samp/e Paper 2022
value of 15/4'I is CBSE 2024

(a) - 50 (b)-lO (c)10 (d)50 (a)(2* + l)" (b)0

2 7 1 (c)(2i+l)’ (d) None of these

2 4 2x 4
2. The value of the determinant 1 1 1 IS
9. If , then the possible value(s) ofx
10 8 1 5 I 6 X
CBSE 2023
is/are CBSE Samp/e Paper 2022
(a) 47 (b)-79
(c) 49 (d) -51 (a) 3 (b)V3
a 3 4 (c)-V3 (d)^/3,-V3
k 8
3. If 1 2 1 = 0, then the value of a is is a singular matrix,
'[ 0. Value of k, for which A = 4 2k
1 4 1 CBSE 2023
IS CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term 1)
(a)l (b)2 (c)3 (d)4
(a) 4 (b)-4
4^ Let Abe a skew- symmetric matrix of order 3. If (c)±4 (d)0
\A\ = x, then (2023)^ is equal to CBSE 2023

1
11. Given that A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 such
(a) 2023 (b) that A^ =2/4, then the value of\2A\ is
2023
CBSE Samp/e Paper 2022 (Term I)
(c) (2023)^ (d)l
(a) 4 (b)8
1 2 1 (c) 64 (c) 16
1
5. If 2 3 1 is non-singular matrix and aeA, then the 1 sin a

3 a 1 -J2. Let A = -sma 1 sma , where 0 < a < 2tc,

set A is CBSE 2023 -1 -sma 1

(a)R (b)(0) (c)(4) (d)/?-(4) then CBSE Samp/e Paper 2022 fTerm I)

5^ Let A be the area of a triangle having vertices (a)|/4|=0 (b)|^|e (2,00)

* (xi, ), (X2, y2)and (xj, y^). Which of the following (c)|^t€ (2,4) (d)|/4|€[2,4]
is correct? CBSE 2023

1
13. Given that A = [a,y ] is a square matrix of order 3x3
^1 y\ 1 >^1 3

1 = ±A (b) ^2 1 = ±2/4 and \A\ = - 7, then the value of a,-2^ where Any
(a) ^2 T2 T2
»=i
I ●^3 >^3 1
^3 T3
denotes the cofactor of element is
X\ Ti 1 X\ y\ 1^ CBSE Somp/e Paper 2022 (Term 1)
A
(c) ^2 >*2 1 = + — (d) ^2 yi 1 = A^ (a) 7 (b)-7 (c) 0 (d) 49
2
1 X3 yi 1 2 3 2
^3 >'3

14. If + 3=0, then the value of x is

7. If the area of the triangle with vertices (-3,0), (3,0)
X X X

4 9 1
and (0, k) is 9 sq units, then the value’s of k will be Delhi 2020
CBSE Somp/e Paper 2023
(a) 3 (b)0
(a) 9 (b)±3 (c)-9 (d)6
(c)-l (d)l
 54 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

200 50
and B =
50 40
Seal CONCEPT
15. Let^ =
10 2 2 ^ , then AB is First, expand both determinants, which gives an
equal to Delhi 2020 equation in x and then solve that equation to find the
value of X.
(a) 460 (b) 2000
(c) 3000 (d) -7000
3x 7 8 7
Very Short Answer Questions 26. If , then find the value ofx.
●2 4 6 4 AW India 2014

16. Let A = [ay ] be a square matrix of order 3x3 and P P+1

I 4 I = — 7. Find the value of flu ^21 '**‘^12^22 + ^13^^23’ 27. Write the value of the determinant
where Ais the cofactor of element a . P-1 P
y y
Delhi 2014C
CBSE Sample Paper 2021
2x X+3 1 5
0 -I 3 5 28. If then find the value ofx.
17. Find I |» if ^ = and B = 2(x + l) x+\ 3 3 ’ Delhi 2013C
0 2 0 0 All India 2019

Siaia CONCEPT
18. If = [a,y ] is a matrix of order 2x2, such that
Expand both determinants which gives an equation in x
1^1 = -15 and Cy represents the cofactor of a,y, then and then solve that equation to find the value of x.
find «22|C2i + 22^22- CBSE Samp/e Paper 20IB

X+1 x-1 4 -1
^9. A and B are square matrices of order 3 each, \A\ = 2 29. If , then write the value of x.
and|5[ = 3. Find|3.4S|. CBSE Sample Paper 2017 x-3 x+2 1 ^ Delhi 2013
20. Find the maximum value of 30. If Ay is the cofactor of the element ay of the
1 1 1 2-3 5

1 1 + sin 0 1 determinant 6 0 4, then write the value of

1 1 1 + COS0 Delhi 2016
1 5 -7

X sinG cos 9
^32 ■ '^32- All India 2013

5 3
21. If -sin 9 -X 1 = 8, write the value of x.
COS0 I X
31. IfA = 2 0 I , write the cofactor of element a 32-
Foreign 2016
1 2 3
Delhi 2012
5 6 -3
1 2 3
22. If^ = -4 3 2 , then write the cofactor of the
32. IfA = 2 0 1 , write the minor of element a 22-
-4 -7 3
5 3 Delhi 2012
element a 21 of its 2nd row. Foreign 2015
5 3 8
1 2 1 3
23. If^ = and B - , write the value of 33. IfA = 2 0 1 , then write the minor of the element
3 -I -1 1
1 2 3
AB\. Delhi 2015C
a
23- Delhi 2012
24. In the interval nl2<x<n, find the value of x for
2sinx 3^ 2(x +1) 2x
which the matrix
34, For what value of x, ^ = is a singular
is singular. X x-2
1 2 sin X All India 201 sc
matrix? All India 2011C
2x 5 6 -2
25. If
8 X 7 3
, then write the value of x.
I
^ Cai3cONCEPT
Delhi 2014
For a singular matrix, 141 = 0. Use this relation and solve
it.
Determinants 55

2 Marks Questions 4 Marks

2
I
35. If is a square matrix of order 3 such that A = 2A, a a

then find the value of \A\. CBSB Sample Paper 2021 38. lfA== a a = - 4, then find the value of
P 2 1 a
36. If^ = and 1 ^ ^ I = 125, then find the value of p.
2 P. All India 2019 a 3-1 0 a-a
4

4
0 a-a a 3-1
3 Marks Question a-a
4
a 3-1 0
CBSE $amp/e Paper 2018
37. Show that the determinant
X sin 9 cos 0
39. \i A + B + C = Tt, find the value of
sin(.4+5+C) sin 5 cosC
-sin0 -X 1 is independent of0.
-sin 5 0 tan A
cos 9 1 X CBSe 2023
cos {A + B) -tany4 0

CBSe Sample Paper 2017

'1*L*
V. Explanations^ ■HA

1. (a) Any square matrix of order 2 will be

'k o' a(2-4)-3(l-l) + 4(4-2) = 0
A =
0 k a(-2)-3{0) + 4(2) = 0
-2a+8=0
\A\ = k^-0 = k^ -2a = -8
Given, \A\ = -2=^ k^=-2 a = 4
5k o'
Now, 5A' = . (d) We know that, the determinant of an odd order
0 5k skew- symmetric matrix is zero.
\5A'\=25k^^25x{-2) \A\ = 0 = x

= -50 (2023)^ =(2023)®=!

2 7 1 ‘1 2 r

2. (a) LetA = 1 1 1 5. (d) Given, 2 3 I is non-singular matrix.

10 8 1 3 fl 1_
1 2 1
On expanding the determinant along i?|, we get
2 3 1 ^0
A = 2{l-8)-7(l-10)+l(8-10)
3 a 1
= 2(-7)-7(-9) + l(-2)
= -14-h63-2 =^> l(3-a)-2(2-3) + l(2n-9)^0
= 47 3-a+2 + 2a-9^0

a 3 4 ~4 + a^0=>a^4

3. (d) Given, 1 2 1 = 0 6. (6) The area of a triangle whose vertices are (x,, y,),
1 4 1 X
1 >'1 1
1
1
On expanding along R^, we get (^2>3^2)and(x3,y3)isA = - j:2 ^2
^3 >^3 1
 56 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

According to the question, \A\=2^ =8 [vMl#0]

1 7i
1 |2^|=2^|v4| = 2^{8) = (8)^=64
2 ^2 72 1
= ±A => ^2 72 I = ±2A
1 sin a 1
^3 73 1 ^3 73 1
12. (d) We have, A = -sma I sin a

7. (b) The area of triangle with vertices (x,, ), {x2, y2), -1 -sma 1
(^3, yj) is defined as,
1 -3 0 1
|v4|=l(l+sin^a)
7i
1 1
A = 1 3 0 1 - sin a(- sin a + sin a) +1 (sin ^ a +1)
2 -^2 72 2
^3 73 1 0 k 1 |^| = 2+2sin^a
1 1 0<sin^a<l
= -[-3(0-A) + 0 + l(3/:-0)] = ~{6k) =|3A'|
0 <2sin^ a <2
±9 = 2k [given, area = 9 sq units]
k = ±2 uiiits
0 + 2<2 + 2sin^a<2+2=>2<|^|<4
M|€[2,4]
0 2;c-l
a
11 ^12 ^13
8. {b) Given, A = 1-2:c 0 2V^
13. {b) Let A = a
21 ^21 ^23
-yfx - 24x 0
.^3! ^32 ^33,
M| = 0-(2x-l)(0 + V?(2V^)) On expanding along C2, then
-^4^{~24^{1-2x)~0) ^21 ^23 a II a
13 a
11 ^13
\A\ = -a 12 + a 22 - a
32
= - (lx -1) (2x) - 2x(l - 2x) = 0 a^i a
33 a
33 a 21 a
23

2 4 2x 4
9. (^0 We have Ml — ^2i2-^12 ^22^ 22 + a 32 -^32
’ 5 I 6 X
3

2(l)-5(4)=2^(x)-6(4) ^ M| — ;=1
^ ^/2-^j2~“”^ [vMl = -7]
2-20 = 2x^-24 2 3 2

2x^ =-18+24 = 6 14. (c) We have, X X X +3 =0

4 9 I
x^ =3=>x = ±\j3
i.e. Jc = V3,-V3 => 2 (a: - ) - 3 (a: - 4xr) + 2 (9x’ - 4x) + 3 = 0
-1 6a: + 9a: +1 Oa: + 3 = 0
k 8 ■
10. (c) We have, A = 3x + 3 = 0
4 2k
3a: = -3
Here, A is singular matrix.
a: = -1
MI=o
200 50
k 8 15. {d) We have, A =
= 0=>2/t^-32 = 0 10 2
4 2k
MI = 400-500 = -100
=16 ^k^±4
■50 40'
and B =
11. (c) Given, =2.4 =>M^I =|2^l 2 3

|5| = 150-80 = 70
[vM”| = Mr and|/t41 = )t"'M|, M^MMI-MI
where m is order of matrix A] = -100x70 = -7000
Determinants 57

We know that maximum value of sin 20 is 1.

16. We know that for any square matrix A = [a^ ] of
1 1
order n, A max = -xl = -.
n 2 2 (1/2)
^Oy A/y =0, where\<k <nandk « X sin0 COS0
y=i
21. We have, -sin0 -X I
a
II A21 +a|2^22 +^13^23 (1)
COS0 1 X

0 -1 3 5
17. Given, A = and B = On expanding along 7?,, we get
0 2 0 0
x(~x^ -1) - sin0 (-xsin0 -COS0)
0-135
Now, AB = + COS 0 (- sin 0 + X cos 0) = 8
0 2 0 0
—X ^ - X + X sin ^ 0 + sin 0 cos 0 - sin 0 cos 0
0+0 0+0 0 0
+xcos^ 0=8
0+0 0+0 0 0
— X ^ -X + x (sin^ 0 +cos^ 0) = 8
I ^5 1 = 0 (1) -X ^-x+x=8

[v sin^0 + cos^ 0 = 1] (1/2)

18. We have, A =[«/,-] and |^| = -15 -X 3 =8 =>x^ +8 = 0
a
11 ^12
Let A = x^ +2^ =0
(321 ^22.
=> (x+2 )(x^ +4-2x)=0 => x = -2
Now, C21 =(-l)^'^'fl 12 ~ ( 1) ^12 “ - a 12
(1/2)
[●.' x^ - 2x + 4 = 0, gives imaginary values] (1/2)
and C22 11 11 = a 11
We know that expansion of a
^21 ^2\ +‘^22*^22 -^21 (“'^12)+ ‘^22^1! Enhancer determinant of a matrix A of
1 + 1 °22 a
23
= -^21^12 ■*‘'^22‘^n order 3 alongis A =(-1) a
n
<^32 °33
= M| = -15 (1/2)
1 + 2
0-,-,
21
a 23 ^21 a
22
C +(-i) a
12 13
19. Given, order of matrices A and B = 3 a
31
a
33
a
31 ^32
and I ^ I = 2 and 151 = 3
5 6 -3
Now, t3^S|=3^|^|!5| = 27x2x3 = 162 (1)
22. Given, A - -4 3 2
1 1 1
-4 -7 3
20. Let A= 1 1 + sin 0 1
2+1
6 -3
1 1 1 +COS0 Now, cofactor of a2i =(-l)
-7 3
On expanding along first row i.e. R^, we get
1 + sin 0 1 1 1
= -(18-21) = 3 (1)
A = 1 -1
1 I+ COS0 1 1+COS0

1 1 + sin 0
[Link],M|= ^ =-l_6=-7

1 3
+ 1
1 . 1
and |5| = =1+3=4
-1 1

= [(1 +sin0)(l + cos0)-l]-[l+cos0 -1] M5|=M|-|5| = (-7)(4) = -28 (l)

+ [1 -1 - sin0] 2 sin X 3
24. Let A -
= 1+ COS0 +sin0 + sin0cos0 -1 - COS0 - sin0 1 2 sin X
= sin0cos0
^ is a singular matrix.
1 1 2 sinx 3
= -(2 sin0cos0) = -sin20 \A\ = 0 => = 0
2 2 (1/2) 1 2 sinx
(1/2)
 58 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

4sin^ a: -3 =0 31, Cofactor of element a 32

2 3
sm x = — 3 + 2
5 8
4 = (-l) = (-l)(5-16) = ll (1)
2 1
taking positive square
sin a: —
1 3
7C
2 root because — < jc < 7i 32. Minor of element a 22 “
2 5 8

271 = 8-15 = -7
X =
(1)
3 (1/2)
We know that minor of an

25. Given, 2a- 5 _ 6 -2 Enhancer element a^j of a determinant is a

8 a: " 7 3 determinant which is obtained by deleting the Ith
row and jth column in which elements Oy lies.
2x^ -40 = 18~(~14)
5 3
2a:^ -40 = 32 =72 33. Minor of the element a 23 -
1 2
=36
= 10 -3 = 7 (1)
x = ±6 (1)
34. We know that a matrix A is said to be singular,
26. Do same as Q. No. 25. Ans.-2
if 1^1=0.
P P+1 2x+2 2x
27. Let A = = 0
P-1 P X X -2

On expanding, we get (2x+2)(x-2)-2x^=0

2x^-2x-4-2x^=0
A = p^-{p-\){p + \) -2x = 4
A = p^-(p^-l^) x = -2 0)

=(a + b) (a-b)] 35. We have, ~2A

A= p^ - p^ +1 A-A=2A

A = 1 (1) ^●.4|=|2^|

28. Given 2x x+3 _ 1 5 A\-\A\=2^\A

’ 2(x + l) x + 1 "33
['.● \AB\ = \A\\B\ and |kA k”\A\] (,)
=» 2x(x + l)-(x + 3 )(2x+2 ) = 3-15
A\^ =S\A
=> 2x^ +2x-(2x^ +8x + 6) = -12
-6x-6 = -12
A\^ -8M| = 0
6x = 6 \A\{\A\-S) = 0
x = l (1)
I ^ I =0 or 8 (1)

P 2
29. Do same as Q. No. 28. Ans. 2 36. Given, A -

2-3 5 _2 p_
30. Let A = 6 0 4 P 2
A = /-4
1 5 -7 2 P

Here, a^2 ~ ^ and 1.4^ 1=125

Given, Ajj is the cofactor of the element of A. |.4|^=125 [■■■\A\^=\A^\]
3+2
2 5'
^32 =H) 6 4
= -l(8-30) = 22 (/-4)^=125=>/-4 = 5
=> =9 =^ p = ±3 (2)
032-^32 = 5x22 = 1 10 (1)
Determinants 59

X sin 6 COS0 C,.11 Ci2 c 13

37. LetA = -sin0 -X 1 (1) Let, Aj - c 21 c 22 C 23

COS0 1 X c 31 c 32 c 33

4
On expanding along , we get a 3-1 0 a -a

A = x(”X^ -l)-sin0(-xsin0-cos0) 3-1

4
0 a - a a

4
+COS0 (-sin0 +XCOS0) a - a a 3-1 0

= -x 3 - X + x(sin3 0 +cos^ 0)+sin0cos0 - cosOsin0 Cm

II C 12 C 13

= -x3 - X+X We know that C 21 C 22 C 23 = A

3-1
= A^ (1)

= -x3, which is independent of0. Hence proved. (2) c 31 c 32 c 33

A, =A^ =(-4)3 =16

^^Common sometime students expand the
Mistake determinantwithouttaking proper a 3-1 0 a -a
4

sign. For expanding a determinant we must use signs as

+ + Thus, 0 a -a
4
a 3-1 = 16

follow + a -a
4
a 3-1 0
(1)
+ +

39. We have, A+B+C = K ...(i)

38. We have. sin .6 cosC
2
sin(/^ +B + C)
1 a a
Now, -sin 5 0 tan A
A = a 1 = -4
cos(/t + B) - tan 0
a 3 1 a
sinTC sin B cos C

From this, we can find out that = - sin B 0 tan A (1)

cos(7t-C) -tan A 0

0 sin B cos C
-sin 5 0 tan^ (1)
Ca=(-\)'*\a-a*) = a-a* -cosC -tan A 0
Cji =(-l)^-^'(a^-a^) = 0
0 tan A -sin 5 tan A
= 0x -sin 5 X
-tan A 0 -cosC 0

-sin 5 0
+ cosC X (1)
C31 =(-\)^*\a-a^) = a-a* -cosC -tanv4

[expanding along 7?, ]

= 0 - sin 5 tan A cos C + cos C sin 5 tan ^ = 0 (1)
C33=(-l)“(a--a")=0 (2)
 TOPIC 2

Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix

Adjoint of a Matrix Properties of an Inverse Matrix
The adjoint of a square matrix A = [a^ is defined as Let A and B be two square invertible matrices of same
the transpose of the matrix formed by cofactors of the order, then
elements and it is denoted by adj (A). (i) (A-'y'=A
i.e. Adjoint of a matrix ^4 = [a,y is a matrix [A^j„f^„, (iii) (AB)
-I
= B~'A-^ -1

where A^j is a cofactor of element .

a 11 a 12
(v) AA~^ =A~^A=1
NOTE For a square matrix of order 2, given by = the adj (/^) can (vi) adj (A~^) = (adj^)
-1
[021 o
22 j

also be obtained by interchanging o„ and O22 and by changing signs NOTE (i) If A, B and C are invertible matrices of the same order, then
0 22 -o 12
of 0,2 and O21 i.e. adj(-A) =
~o 21 a
n J (ii) Only square matrices have adjoint or inverse.

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Properties of Adjoint of a Matrix
by Using Inverse of a Matrix
\f A is a square matrix of order n, then
(or by matrix method)
1. A(ad}A) = {ad}A)A = \A\/„
n -1 Let the system of linear equations be a^x + b^y + c^z = d^\
2. I adj A\ = A , provided I/119^0 UjX + h2)’ + C2Z = d2 and a^x + 63_y+ C3z = .
3. adj (A^) ={adjAf We can write the above system of linear equations in
matrix fonn as AX = B, where
inverse of a Square Matrix a
1 X

If is a non-singular matrix (i.e. | A\^ 0), then A = G2 ^2 Cl y and B = ^2

1
A~
Ml
adj(^) .^3 ^3 Z
L^3.
Case I If I I 0, then system is consistent and
a
II ^12 a
13 has a unique solution which is given by
X=A~^B.
For non-singular matrix A = a
21 a 22 a
23 , the inverse
a
31 ^32 a Case II If I y4 I = 0 and {adj A)B*0, then system is
33.
inconsistent and has no solution.
^11 ^21 ^31 Case III If I A [ = 0 and (adj A)B-0, then system may be
-1 1
is A A\2 A22 ^32 ' where A::ij is the either consistent or inconsistent according as the
Ml Ml A, 13 A 23 system have either infinitely many solutions or no
^33 _ solution.

cofactor of element <2,y. NOTE A system of equations is consistent or inconsistent according as its
solution exists or not.
NOTE Inverse of a square matrix, if exists, it is unique.
 PYQs Previous Years Questions

1 Mark Questions 9, If A and B are invertible square matrices of the same

Multiple Choice Questions order, then which of the following is not correct?
CBSE Sample Paper 2023
1. If ^ is a square matrix of order 3 such that the value of (a) adj A = \ A j - A (b)det(^"' ) = [det(^)]
-i

I adj /I I = 8, then the value of | | is CBSE 2024 (c)(AB)-' =B~^A~ (d)(^ + 5)”‘ =B + A~
-1

(a)^/2 (b)~V2 10. Given that /I is a square matrix of order 3 and

(c)8 (d)2V2 1 ^1 = - 4, then [ adj A\ is equal to
2 -1 I
CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term I)
(a)-4 (b)4 (c)-16 (d) 16
2. For the matrix A = 2 0 to be invertible, the
2 5
1 -2 3 11 _ For matrix A - , then (adj A )' is equal to
value of X is CBSE 2024 CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term I)
-2 -5 7 5 '1 ir 7 -5
(a)0 (b)10 (a) (c) (d)
11 -7 11 2 -5 2 11 2
(c)i?-{10} (d)^-{-10)
1 -3 -3' 3 1 -1
12, For^ = , then 14A is given by
3. If inverse of matrix -1 1 0 is the matrix -1 2
CBSE Somple Poper 2022 (Term I)
-1 0 1

2 ~^] (c)2p[1 -3J

“‘1 (d)2p[l
2 -1
(a) 14
I 3 3 3 6 2_
1 X 3 , then the value of X is
1 -1 0 2 2 -4'
1 3 4 CBSE 2024
13. = 2 3 4 and B = —4 2 -4 , then
(a)-4 (b)l (c)3 (d)4 0 1 2 2 -1 5 _
3 0 0 CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term I)
4. If A(adj A) = 0 3 0 , then the value of Ml+ |adj^| (a) A"' =B (b)4"' =6B
0 0 3 =B (d)B-' =-A
6
is equal to CBSE 2023

(a) 12 (b)9 (c)3 (d) 27 14, If is a square matrix of order 3, such that
A (adj A) = \0I, then | adj A \ is equal to All India 2020
5. Let ^ be a 3 X 3 matrix such that | adj ,41 = 64. Then, | A
(a)l (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 10/
is equal to CBSE 2023
a 0 0
(a) 8 only (b)-8 only
(c) 64 (d) 8 or - 8 15. = 0 a 0 , then det (adj A) equals
0 0 a
6. If for a square matrix A, A^ -3A +1 = 0 and Delhi 2020

A~^ =xA + yl, then the value of.x + is CBSE 2023 (a) a
27
(b)a^ (d)a^
(a)-2 (b)2 (c)3 (d)-3
-1
Very Short Answer Questions
7. If for a square matrix /I +/ = G, then .4
15, Given that ^ is a square matrix of order 3x3 and
equals CBSE 2023
M I = - 4. Find | adj A |. CBSE Sample Paper 2021
(a) A (b)A+/ (c)/-A (d)A-/
2 -I
8. Given that .4 is a square matrix of order 3 and 17, Find adj (.4), if/I =
4 3
M I = - 2, then | adj (2A) | is equal to Delhi 2020

CBSE Sample Paper 2023

3 -4
(a) - 2^ (b)4 (c)-2 (d) 2 18. For^ = , write A *.
I -1 All India 2020
 62 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

8 0 2 3 1 -2
19. Ifforany2x2square matrix^, A{adjA) = 0 8 ’
28. If/f =
_1 -4
,5 =
-1 ^ , verify that
then write the value of | ^ |. AU India 2017 =5“'v4"'. All India 2015C

20. For what values of k, the system of linear equations

5 Marks Questions
x + y+ z = 2
'1 2 -3'
2x + y — z = 3
3x + 2y + kz = 4 29. If^= 2 0 -3 , then find and hence solve
has a unique solution? All India 2016 12 0

the following system of equations

2 Marks Questions A' + 2y- 3z = 1
2;c-3z=2
3 1
21.1f^ = . show that A^ —5A + 7!=0 X+2y=3 CBSE 2024
-1 2

30. Find the product of the matrices

Hence, find A~^. CBSE Sampfe Paper 202 J 'l 2 -3ir-6 17 13’
2 -3' 2 3 2 14 5 -8 and hence solve the
22. Given A = compute /f"'and show that
-4 7 ’
3 -3 -4j[-15 9 -1
2A~' =9/-A CBSE 2018
system of linear equations
2 3 jc + 2y-3z = -4
23. If^ = be such that A ^ = kA, then find the
5 -2 2v + 3y + 2z = 2
value of k. CBSE 2018C, All India 2011 3jr-3v-4z = ll CBSE 2024

-3 2 1 2 -2 3 -1 1
24. Find the inverse of the matrix -i
5 -3 31. If^ = -1 3 0 and B -15 6 -5 , find
0 -2 1 5 -2 2
Hence, find the matrix P satisfying the matrix equation
f-3 2l_ri 2 (AB)-'. CBSE 2023
P
5 -3 ” 2 -1 CBSE Samp/e Poper 20 J 8 3 2
32. lfA = then find A ' and use it to solve the
5 -7_’
4 Marks Questions following system of equations:
■ 1 -2 3' 3A: + 5y = l 1,2x-7y = -3. CBSE 2023

25. If .4= 0 -1 4 .then find 33. Solve the following system of equations by matrix
-2 2 1 method : CBSE 2023
Delhi 2015

-I -2 -2
X +2y + 3z=6
2x - y + z=2
26. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = 2 1 -2

2 -2 1 3x + 2y — 2z = 3
34. Find the inverse of the matrix
and hence show that A{adj A)-\A\I'^. AU India 2015
'1-1 2'
2 -11
27. If^ = and I is the identity matrix of order 2, A= 0 2 “3 , Using the inverse solve the
-1 2
3 -2 4
then show that A^ =AA- 31. Hence, find A''. system of linear equations
Foreign 2015
x-y + 2z = l,2y-3z = l,3A:-2y + 4z = 3. CBSE 2023
Determinants 63

~3 -2 -4 1 2 0 Using A ’, solve the following system of equations:

35. If^ = 2 1 2 ,5 = -2 -1 -2 , then find AB 2x-3>' + 5z = ll
2 1 3 0 -1 1
3x+2y-4z = -5
and use it to solve the following system of equations x + y-2z~-3 All India 2020, CBSB 2018
CBSE 2023
'13 2'
x~2y=3
41. If-4= 2 0-1 , then show that
2x - y- z~2
12 3
-2v + z = 3
-4A^-3A+ni=0.
2-3 5
Hence find A . Delhi 2020
36. If^ = 3 2 -4 , find A '. Use A * to solve the
1 1 -2 1 I 1

following system of equations 2x -3y + 5z = \\, 42. Show that for the matrix A = 1 2 -3 .
3x+2y-4z = -5,x + y-2z = -3. 2 -1 3
CBSE Sample Paper 2023
A^ -6A^ +5A + n/=0.
37. Using matrix method, solve the following system of
equations Hence, find A~^. All India 2019

2 3 10 4 6 5 , 6 9 20
- + — + — = 4, + — = 1 and - + '1 3 4
X y z X y z
r

43. If .4 =2 1 2, find
= 2,x,y,z^0.
CBSE Sample Poper 2023; Delhi 2011 _5 1 1

gg [311 CONCEPT Hence, solve the system of equations

jc + 3_y + 4z = 8
First, let —=u, —=vand-=wand then reduce system of
X y z 2jt + _v + 2z = 5
equations in terms ofu,vand vj. Get the values ofu.v and and 5x + y+ z = 7 All India 2019
w by using matrix method and then find x,y and zfrom
above mentioned substitutions. 1 1 1

1 2 0
44. If y4 = 1 0 2 , find A . Hence, solve the system of
-1 3 1 1
38. IfA= -2 -1 -2 ,fmd^ . Hence, solve the
0 -1 1 equations x -h y+ z = 6,x + 2z = 7,3x + y + z = 12.
Delhi 2079
system of equations; CBSE Sample Paper 2021
5 0 4 1 3 3
:r-2y = 10, 2x-y-z = 8, -2y + z = 7 -1
45. Given A = 2 3 2 1 4 3
39. Evaluate the product AB, where
1 2 1 1 3 4
1 -1 0 2 2 -4

A = 2 3 4 andS=-4 2 -4 compute (AB)~^. CBSE 2018C

0 1 2 2 -1 5
3 2 I

Hence, solve the system of linear equations 46. If^ = 4 -1 2 , then find A ‘ and hence solve the
x-y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 7 7 3 -3
CBSE Sample Paper 2021
following system of equations.
CBSE Sample Paper 2078
6 Marks Questions
2-3 5 ' 3x + 4y + 7z = 14,

40. If ^ = 3 2 -4 , then find A~'. 2x-_y + 3z = 4,

I 1 -2 x+2y-3z=Q
 64 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

2 3 10
53. Using matrices, solve the following system of
-1
47. If^= 4-6 5 , find 4 Using solve the equations.
6 9 -20 X - y + 2z = 7
3x + 4y-5z = -5
system of equations
and 2x-yh3z==l2 Delhi 2012
2 3 10 ^
- + — + — = 2;
X y z & OaiCONCEPT
First, write the given system of equations in matrix form
4 6 5 ^ AX =B. Then, determine the cofactors determinant A and
+ --5;
X y z A~' and then use the relation X=4"’B,to get the values
ofx,y and z.
and 6^9 W = -4
X y z Delhi 2017
54. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear
equations.
-4 4 4 [ 1 -1 r X + y~ z = 3
48. Determine the product of -7 1 3 1-2 -2
2x + 3y + z = 10
5 -3 -lj[2 I 3 and 3x-y-7z = l All India 2012; Delhi 2009C
and then use to solve the system of equations
55. Using matrices, solve the following system of
x-y+z = 4,
equations.
x-2y-2z = 9 3x + 4y+7z = 4,2x-y + 3z = -3
and 2x + y + 3z-l. All India 2017; Delhi 2012C and X +2y-3z = 8 All India 2012

EUCONCEPT
56. Using matrices, solve the following system of
First, find the product of given matrices and then find equations.
the inverse of coefficient matrix by using the obtained
product and then by using conceptof matrix method, 2x+3y + 3z = 5,
find the values ofx,y and z. x-2y+z=-4
and 3x - y-2z =3 All India 2012
1 -1 2 -2 0 1

49. Use product 0 2 -3 9 2 -3 1 2 1

-1
3 -2 4 6 1 -2 57. If^ = -1 1 1 , then find .4 and hence solve the
1 -3 1
to solve the system of equations
X - y + 2z = 1 system of equations
2y-3z = l x + 2y + z = 4
and 3x-2y + 4z = 2. Delhi 2017; Foreign 2011 -x+y+z=0
and x-3y+z = 4. Delhi 2012C
50. Verify A {adj A) = (adj A) A ~\A\I for matrix
1 -1 2 1 2 -3
-1
58. Find A , where A = 2 3 2 . Hence, solve the
A = 3 0 -2

1 0 3 3 -3 -4
CBSE Sample Paper 2017
system of equations,
0 2y z ■ x + 2>’-3z = -4
51. Find the value ofx, yand z,if A = X y — z
2x +3y + 2z = 2
and 3x-3y-4z = U. All India 2012C, 2010, 2008
X -y z
satisfies A' = A~'. C6S£ Sample Paper 2017 59. Using matrices, solve the following system of
equations.
cosa -sina 0
4x + 3y+ 2z = 60
52. If^ = sin a cosa 0 , find adj A and verify that A x + 2y + 3z = 45
0 0 1 and 6x+2v + 3z = 70 All India 2011
(adj A) = (adj A) A=\A\I^. Foreign 2016
Determinants - 65

60. Using matrices, solve the following system of 2x + 3y + 2z = 2

equations. and 3x~3y-4z = ll All India 201T, 2008

x+2y+z=l 0-2 r
jc + 3z = ll
62. \fA = 0 -1 1 , then find/Iandhence solve the
and 2x~3y = l All India 2011; Delhi 2008C
2 0 -3

following system of equations

61. Using matrices, solve the following system of X -2y + z = 0, - y + z = -2and 2x-3z = 10
equations. All India 2011 C

x+2y-3z = -4

[Explanations]
n-l
1. (d) We know that | adj | =| ^ , where n is the 7x3-3^-9=0

order of the square matrix. 3X. = 12

3-1
X =4
[●.' I adj /I I = 8]
3 0 0 1 0 0
^1^=8
4. (a) Given, ^(adj A) = 0 3 0 =3 0 1 0 = 31
iA\ = ±2^/2 0 0 3 0 0 1

^A^ = 2^/2 [consider positive values]

We know that,
Since, \A^ |=(^j = 2V2 ^(adj^)=M|/=37
'2 -1 r => Ml = 3and|adj yl| = 1^ = {3)
3-1
[where, n = 3]
2. (d) Given, A = X 2 0 = 3^=9
1 -2 3
Ml + |adj^| = 3+9 = 12
A matrix is invertible, if | A\^0. n—I
5. (d) We know that, I adjy41=M! , where n is the order
2 -1 1
of matrix A.
'Here,1^1= X 2 0 t^^O I adj A\ = \A
3-1

i 1 -2 3
64 = \A\^
■ => 2(6-0) + l{3^-0) + l(-23.-2)9t0
\A\ = ±S
12 + 3^-2^- 2^0
6. (b) Given, -3^+7=0
X + lO^tO
A^-3A=-1
X:A-\0
AA-3A=-I
7 -3 -3 1 3 3
-1 -I

3. (d) Given, A = -1 1 0 and A' - 1 X 3 => A-(A-A~')-3A-A = -/-A

-1 0 1 1 3 4 [post multiplying both sides by “' ]

-I
-I A-I-31=-A
AA =h
A~' =-A+3I
1 -3 -3 1 3 3 1 0 0

-1 1 0 1 X 3 0 1 0 On comparing with A~^ =xA + yl, we get

-1 0 1 1 3 4 0 0 1 X = -1 and y = 3
x + y = -l + 3=2
Qn multiplying first row of A and second row of ^ ,
we get
 66 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

2 -1 4 -2
7. (c) Given, ~ A+1 ~0 =>14A
-1
= 2
AA-A+I==0 1 3 2 6

A-A~A=-/
1 -1 0

=> A-A(A~')-A-A
-1 -1
= -/A
13. (d) Given, A = 2 3 4

[post multiplying by ^ * ] 0 1 2

A(AA~‘)-I =-A
-1
2 2 -4
-1
A1 -I = -A and B = -4 2 -4

A~' =^I-A 2 -1 5

8. (d) Given, | ^ | = - 2 and order of A is 3. 1 -1 0 2 2 -4

3-1 Now, AB = 2 3 4 -4 2 -4
Now, I adj(2v4)j = \(2A)\ = \1A\^ =(2^\A\f
n — I
0 2 2 -1 5
[v|adj ^1 = 1^1 ]
2+4+0 2-2+0 -4+4+0
= 2V|^=2^x(-2)^=2 AB = 4-12 + 8 4 + 6-4 -8-12 + 20
9.{d) (A +B)~^ =5“' + A~^ is not true. 0-4+4 0+2-2 0-4+10

10. (d) Given, | ^| = - 4 and order of A is 3. 6 0 0 1 0 0

n — \
We know that, | adj [ = | y4| , where n is order of AB = 0 6 0 = 6 0 1 0 = 61
matrix. 0 0 6 0 0 1

\ndiA\ = \A\^ On pre-multiplying by ^4 , we get

|adj.4| = (-4)"=16 1
(^■‘.4)5=6^"'/ => B=6A
1 -I
=> A = -B
■ 2 5' 6
11. (c) We have, A =
-11 7 On post multiplying by B *, we get
1
The cofactors of | ^41 are ABB~^ =6B -1 => =-A
6
— 7, ^]2 ■'^21 ~ ^ and A22 — 2
17 14. (c) We know that
v4,i Ai2
adj A = ^(adj^)=M|7
■^21 "^22
We have, ^(adj^) = 10/
A 12 7 11
.●.(adj^)' = [V (Py^P] MI=io
.^21 ^22. -5 2
Again, |adj^l=MI
«-i

3 1 3-1
12. (b) Given, A = |adj^|=|^| = |^|^ = (10)^=100
-1 2
a 0 0
Cofactors of|^|are
/4ii =2, A 12 = 1, A2] = -land A 22 = 3 15. (c) We have A = 0 a 0

0 0 a
i?’
Ai Ai 2 \Y 2 -1
.'. (adj A) = \A\=a^
Ai\ A 22 -1 3 1 3
3-1
= \A\^=(a^f
6

Now, |y4| = 6 + 1 = 7 \ad)A\=\A\ = a

A-^
1 I 2 -1 } Concept We know that \
\A
(ad}A) = -
7 1 3 '■( I Enhancer |adj4| = |Ar“\provided|/^|;60 (
Determinants 67

n — I
A ^0
16. We know that | adj ^41 = | ^
3-1 1 I 1
= (-4) [●.●|y4 j = -4, n = 3]
2 I -1 ^0 (1/2)
= (-4)^=16 (1)
'il k
2 -1
17. We have, A = \{k+2 )-[{2k+i) + \{4-i)^0
4 3
k+2-2k-3 + ]^0 => -k^O
Cofactors of | ^4 ] are k^O
A^^ =3, /4]2 ~-4, A21 =land A22 =2 Hence, for a unique solution k should be a non-zero
^21 3 r real number. (1/2)
adj (^) = (1)
A A 22 -4 2 3 1
L^I2
21. We have, A =
3 -4 -1 2
18. Given A = , then
1 -1 3 1 3 1 9-1 3+2
A^=AA =
3 -4 -12 -12 -3-2 -1+4
Ml = = _3 + 4 = l?^0 (1/2)
1 -1 5
(1)
-5 3
So, A is not singular matrix and A~^ exists. Now,
3 1 -15 -5
cofactors of each element of | ^ | are -5^=-5
-I 2 5 -10
^1, =
-^21 =”(“4) = 4, ^22 -3 1 0 7 0
and 11 = 1
[-1 4 0 1 0 7
Now, adj A =
-1 3 8 5 -15 -5 7 0
:.a'^ -5^ + 77 = + +
1 1 -1 4 -1 4 -5 3 5 -10 0 7
A~ adj {A) = - (1/2)
\A\ 1 -1 3 -1 3 0 0
= 0
0 0
8 0 8 0
[Link], A(ac\jA) = =>]/l(adj^)| = Hence, the matrix A satisfies A^ -5A + 1I =0.
0 8_ 0 8

=> Mlladj (/l)] = 64-0 (1/2) Now, A'^-5A + 1I=0

l4|!.4|^-‘=64 [v|adj.4|=M|""‘] A^-5A=-1I
M|“=64 A~\A^ -5A) = A-'i-11)
Mh±8 (1/2)
^ A~'A^ -5A-'A=-1{A-'I)
20. Given, system of linear equations is
A-5I=-1A~'
X + y+z=2

^(A-5I) = ^(5I-A)
1
2x + y - z = 3 A-^
3x + 2y + kz = 4
It can be written in matrix fonn as 1 5 0 3 1
J_ 2 -1
AX = B 7 0 5 -1 2 7 1 3
(1)
'1 1 1 X 2

where, A = 2 1 -1 ,X = y and B = 3 Common in this type of questions, for finding

r. Mistake the value of A'^ sometimes students
il k z 4 1
apply the formula A"’ = (adj A)
The condition for the system of linear equations has a
But in the this question using the above formula is wrong.
unique solution, is
 68 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

2 - -3 I I = -1 0, which shows that inverse of matrix

22. We have, A - exists.
-4 7 (1/2)
1 + i
2 -3 Cn=(-1) ^22—i 0 <322 “^22““^
Here, Ml = = 14-12 = 2it0 1 +2
_4 7 Ci2=(-1) ^21 =(-l)^« 21 - 5
^ ’ exists. (1/2) C21=(-l)
2+1
a
12 = (-l)^a,2=-2
7 3
2+2
Clearly, adj(^) =
4 2
C22=(-l) a = (-!)"« ti=-3 (1/2)

if ^ =
a b
then adj (A) =
d -b
A
-I
1 -3 -5j_ 1 -3 -2 3 2

c d -c a ^ -2 -3 -5 -3 5 3

1 I 7 3 (1/2)
A-^ adj(^) = - -(i) (1/2) -3 2 1 2
Ml 2 4 2
Now, P [given]
5 -3 2 -1
Now, consider RHS = 91 - A
1 2
ri 0 2 -3
= 9 [from Eq. (i)j
0 I 2 -1
-4 7

9 0 2 -3 7 3 On post-multiplying both sides by ^ , we get

0 9
M
:-4 7 4 2
1 2]f3 2 [v .4^“* =/and/’/ = P]
= 2A
-I 2-153
[Using Eq. (i)]
= LHS 3 + 10 2 +6 13 8
Hence proved, (i)
2 3 6-5 4-3 1 1
(1/2)
23. We have, A =
5 -2 1 -2 3

-2 -3 25. We have, A = 0 -14

Clearly, adj A = -2 2 1
-5 2

2 3 1 -2 3
and Ml = = -4-I5 = -l9 (1)
5 -2 Now, \A\ = 0 -14

-2 2 1
1 1 -2 -3
A-^ adj A =
Ml (-19) [-5 2 = l(-l-8) + 2(0 + 8)+3(0-2)
1 2 3 1 [expanding along R^ ]
A = -9 + 16-6 = 1^0 (1)
19 5 -2 19
So, A is non-singular matrix and its inverse exists.
On comparing with A~^ =kA (given), we get
Cofactors of elements of ] /1| are
1
k = — -1 4
i + i
19 (1) = (-l-8) = -9
2 1
-3 2
24. Let A = ...(i)
5 -3 1+2
0 4
^,2=(-l) =-(0+8)=-8
-2 1
-1 1 c 11 C
^12
We know that A
0 -1
Ml ,(-2l L*22_ ^13=(“1)
1+3
= (0-2 )=-2
-2 2
-3 2
Now, Ml = = (-3)(-3)-(2)(5) -2 3
5 -3 2+1
^2i=(-l) = -(-2-6)=8
2 1
= 9-10 = -l
Determinants 69

2+2
1 3 -1 -2
3 + 2
^22=(-l) = (l+6) = 7 ^32=(-l) = -(2 + 4) = -6
-2 1 2 -2

2+3
1 -2 -1 -2
3+3
^23=(-l) =-(2-4)=2 ^33=(-l) = (-l + 4) = 3 (1*/*)
-2 2 2 1

-2 3
3+1 Clearly, the adjoint of the matrix A is given by
^31=(-0 =(-8+3)=-5
-1 4
Al ^21 ^ 31 -3 6 6

3+2
1 3 adj A — ^12 ^^22 ^32 -6 3 -6 (1/2)
^32=(-l) x:-(4-0) = -4
0 4 -6 -6 3
,^13 ^23 A 33 J

3+3
1 -2 -1 -2 -2
^33=(-l) = {-l+0) = -l (I)
0 -1 Now, 1^1 = 2 1 -2

A 21 2 -2 1
Ai ^31 -9 8 -5

Thus, adj A — Al ^22 A ^2 -8 7 -4 =s-1(1-4)+2(2 + 4)-2(-4-2)

^13 ^ 23 ^33. -2 2 -1 = -l{-3)+2{6)-2{-6)
-9 8 -5 = 3+12 + 12 = 27 (1)
1 1
■-1 -2 -2] [-3 6 6
-1
Hence, A adj A-- -8 7 -4 (1)
Mi 1
-2 2 -1 and if ● (adj A)= 2 1 -2 -6 3 -6
“ / 2 -2 1 -6 -6 3
-9 8 -5 -9 -8 -2

Now, = -8 7 -4 8 7 2 3 + 12 + 12 -6-6 + 12 -6 + 12-6

-2 2 -1 -5 -4 -1 -6-6 + 12 12 + 3 + 12 12-6-6

(1) -6 + 12-6 12-6-6 12 + 12 + 3

-1 -2 -2
27 0 0 1 0 0
26. Given, ^ = 2 -2
0 27 0 = 27 0 1 0
2 -2 I
0 0 27 0 0 1

Let Ajj be the cofactor of an element of | A \. = 27/3=M|/3 Hence proved, (l)

Then, cofactors of elements of | A \ are
2
1 -2
1 + 1 27. Given, A =
^11 =H) = (l-4) = -3 -1 2
-2 1
2 -1 2
2 -2
1+2 Now, = /I -y4 =
^12 —(“0 = -(2 + 4) = -6 -I 2 -1 2
2 1
4 + 1 -2-2 5 -4
2 1
1+3
...(i)
Ai=i-^) 2 -2
= (-4-2) = -6 -2-2 1 + 4 -4 5

2+1
-2 -2 [multiplying row by column] (1)
A21 — ( 1) = -(-2-4) = 6 2 -1 1 0
-2 1
and 4^ -3/ =4 -3
-1 2 0 1
2 + 2
-1 -2
■^22 “ ( 0 2 1
= (-l + 4) = 3 8 -4 3 0 5 -4
...(ii)
-4 8 0 3 -4 5
2 + 3
-1 -2
^23=(-l) = -(2 + 4) = -6
2 -2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

3 + 1
-2 -2 A^=4A-21 ...(iii) (1)
^31=(-1) = (4 + 2) = 6
1 -2 Hence proved.
 70 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

2 -1 -14 -5
Here, | A\ - = 4-1 = 37^0 and a6j{AB) = (1)
-1 2 -5 -1

So, A is non-singular matrix and its inverse exists. (1/2) -I 1 1 -14 -5

(AB) ad]{AB) =
Now, pre-multiplying both sides of Eq. (iii) by A~\ \AB\ ^ -5 -1
we get 1 14 5
-.(i)
A~' A^ = A-^ ■(4A-3/) 11 5 1

(A~' -A)-A = 4A~^ -A-3A^' I A-^

1 1 -4 -3
adj(^) =
-1 Ml -11 -1 2
IA = 41 -3A

[v A- A~^ = I = A~^ A and A~^I = A~^] (1/2) ^43 (1/2)

111 -2
-I
^ = 4/-3^ [■:IA = A=A1]
-i 1 1 3 2 3 2
3A~^ =41-A and B adj(5) = -
\B\ 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 0 2 -ill
4 3 2 14 3
3 0 1 -1 2 j/ Now,
1 1 11 1 -2
/-r
I 4 0 2 -1
1 3 2 4 3
3 0 4 -1 2
VL J/
IT 1 1 1-2
A-^ i ^ ^ 2/3 1/3
(1) 1 12 + 2 9-4
3 1 2 1/3 2/3
n 4+1 3-2
2 3 1 -2
28. Given, A =
1 -4
and B =
-1 3 ’ _ 1 14 5 = (AB) [from Eq. (i)]
”n[5 1
2 3 1 -2
AB =
1 -4 -1 3
Hence,(^5)"' =B~'A~\ (1)

1 2 -3
2-3 -4+9 -1 5
(1/2) 29. Here, 1^1= 2 0 -3
1 +4 -2-12 5 -14
1 2 0
2 3
Now, \A\ = = -8-3=-ll9i0 = 1(0+ 6)-2(0+ 3)-3(4)
1 -4
= 6-6-l2 = -\2^0
1 -2
\B\ = x:3-2 = l9i0 Thus, A is invertible.
1 3
Now, the cofactor of | A \ are
-1 5
and I AB \ = = 14-25 = -ll9t0 (1)
C„ =6,C,2=-3,C,3=4
5 -14
C21 = — 6, C22 =3, C23 =0
Thus, A, B and AB are non-singular matrices, so their Cti31 =-6, C32 =-3, C33 = -4
inverse exists. -iT
6 -3 4 6 -6 -6
-4 -3
Now, adj (..4) = adj A - -6 3 0 -3 3 -3
-1 2 ’
-6 -3 -4 4 0 -4
a b d -b
adj 6 -6 -6
c d - c a 1 1
3 2 So, A-^ adj^ = -3 3 -3
adj(5) = Ml -12
4 0 -4
1 1
Determinants 71

The given equations are -6 17 13

-1 1 1
X + 2y-3z = l,2x -3z = 2andx + 2y = 3 B A = — 14 5
67 67
which can be written in matrix form as AX =B, where -15 9 -1

‘1 2 -3' X 1
Given system of equations can be written in matrix
A= 2 0 -3 = and 5 = 2 form as

1 2 0 2 3 BX=C

X 1 2 -3 1
=B~^C

2 0 -3 2
‘l 2 -3' -4 X
y
2 1 2 0 3 where B = 2 3 2 ,C = 2 and X = y
3 -3-4 11 2
6 -6 -6 1
1
-3 3 -3 2 -6 17 13 -4
12 1
4 0 -4 3 X= — 14 5 -8 2
67
15 9 -1 11
6-12-18 -24
-1 -1
-3+6-9 -6 X 24 + 34 + 143
12 12 1
4 + 0-12 y -56 + 10-88
61
2 +60 + 18-11
2
X 1 201 3
1
2 -134 -2
67
2 2 +67 1

L3j On comparing corresponding elements, we get

1 2
x=2, y = -and2 = - x = 3, y = -2, 2 = 1
2 3
31. We know that, =5"’^“'
1 2 -3 -6 17 13
■ 1 2-2'
30, Let 5 = 2 3 2 and A = 14 5
Here, A= -I 3 0
3 -3 -4 -15 9 -1
0 -2 1
1 2 -3 -6 17 13
=> |^| = l(3+0)-2(-l-0)-2(2-0)
BA = 2 3 2 14 5
= 3 + 2-4 = l?i0
3 -3 -4 -15 9 -1
So, A ' exists. (1)
-6 + 28 + 45 17 + 10-27 13-16 + 3
Cofactors of elements of 1 /I | are
-12 + 42-30 34 + 15 + 18 26-24-2
1+1
3 0
-18-42 + 60 51-15-36 39 + 24 + 4 ^ii=(-l) = (3-0) = 3
-2 1
67 0 0 1 0 0
1+2
-1 0
0 67 0 = 67 0 1 0 = 67/ ^I2=(-l) = -(-l-0) = l
0 I
0 0 67 0 0 1
-1 3
1+3
BA =671, B-^BA = B~^67 ^13=(-1) = (2-0) = 2
0 -2
[Pre-multiplying both sides by 5 ' ]
-1 2 -2
A = B~%7 [v5 = 5=/] ^21 =H)
2+1
= -(2-4) =2
-2 1
 72 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

1 -2
2+2 Ai Ai2
^22=(-l) 0 1
=1-0=1
/. ad] A =
A\ ^22
1 2
^23=(-l)
2+3
= -(-2-0)=2 -7 -51^ -7 -2
0 -2 => ad] A =
-2 3 -5 3

3+1
2 -2
^31 =H) = (0 + 6) = 6 ad] A _ 1 -7 -2
3 0 A-^

3+2
1 -2
^32=(-l) -1 0
= -(0-2) = 2 '2 A '
31 31
(2)
1 2
^33 =H)
3+3
= (3+2)=5 A _A
-1 3 .31 31.
O'/,)

A^,II A 12 Now, the given system of equations is expressible as

^\2
'3 5lM fill
ad] A = A\ Al ^23
2 -7 y. -3
^31 ^32 ^33
A^X^B
-3 1 21" 3 2 6

2 1 2 1 1 2 X^iA'^y^B
6 2 5 2 2 5 = {A~^fB

1 1
3 2 6 3 2 6
1_ ^T ^'
A-^ {ad]A) = ~ 1 1 2 1 1 2 X
31 31 11 31 31 11
\A\ 1
2 2 5 2 2 5
(!■/,)
.V A _A L-3 _2 -3
L31 3lJ .31 31.
Now, {AB)~^ ^B~'A
-I

■ 3 -1 1 1[3 2 6 jijj.] r^i

31 31 ^ 31 ^ 2 =>x = 2 and v = 1 (2)
^9 ^ [y
= -15 6 -5 1 I 2

_ 5 -2 2j[2 2 5_ .31 l-3lJ

9-1+2 6-1 + 2 18-2 + 5
33. The given system of equation can be written as
= -45 + 6-10 -30 + 6-10 -90 + 12-25 AX — B, where
15-2 + 4 10-2 + 4 30-4 + 10 1 2 3 X 6

10 7 21 A = 2 -1 1 ,^ = and B = 2

-49 -34 -103 3 2 -2 z 3

17 12 36 Here, I/l| = l{2-2)-2{-4-3)+ 3(4+3)

(1)
3 2 = 0 + 14 + 21 = 359^0
32. Given, A =
5 -7 So, A ' exists. 0)

|^| = -21-10 = -3l9t0 Cofactors of elements of| /fj.

-1 -1 1
Since, A is non-singular, so A exists. (1)
^i,=(-l)
1+1
= (2-2) = 0
2 -2
Now, cofactors of elements of | Aj are
'111 =(-!)'■"'(-7) =-7 ^,2=(-0
1+2
2 1
= -(-4-3) = 7
3 -2
^,2=(-1)‘+A5) = -5
2 -1
A,, =(-l)^+'(2) = -2 ^,3=(-l)
1+3
= (4 + 3) = 7
3 2
^22=(-1)"*"(3) = 3
Determinants 73

2 3
2+1 Cofactors of elements of | ^ | are
^21=(-1) = -(-4-6) = 10
2 -2 2 -3
i+i
=8-6=2
1 3 -2 4
2+2
^22=(-l) = (-2-9) = -lI
3 -2 0 -3
1+2
-4,2=(-1) = -(0 + 9) = -9
2+3
1 2 3 4
^23=(-l) = -(2-6) = 4
3 2 0 2
1+3

2 3
^13=(-1) = (0-6) = -6
3+1 3 -2
^31=(-1) =2+3=5
-1 1
2+1
-1 2
1 3 ^21 =(-I) -2 4
= -(-4 + 4) = 0
^32 = -(l-6) = 5
2 1
2+2
1 2
1 2 ^22 - (“^) = (4-6) = -2
3+3 3 4
^33=(-l) 2 -1
= (-1-4) = -5
(2) 1 -1
2+3
-\T ^23=(-l) = -(-2 + 3) = -l
A II A 12 A 13 3 -2

adj A = ^21 ^^22 ^^23 3+1

-1 2
^31 =H) = 3-4 = -l
_^31 ^32 ^33 2 -3

‘0 7 7^ 0 10 5
3+2
1 2
10 -11 4 7 -11 5
^32=(-1) 0 -3
= -(-3-0)=3

5 5 -5 7 4 -5
3+3
1 -1

0 10 5
^33=(-l) = (2-0) = 2 (i‘/0
0 2
-1 1
:.A (adj^) = — 7 -11 5 (1) r
\A\ 35 Al -^12 ^13
7 4 -5
adj A - A21 A22 A23
Now,X = ^"'5 ^31 A22 ^33
0 10 5 6
1 2 -9 -6T 2 0 -1
y 7 -11 5 2
35 0 -2 -1 -9 -2 3
z 7 4 -5 3
-1 3 2 -6 -1 2
0 + 20 + 15
I 2 0 -1 -2 0 1
42-22 + 15
35 -1 adj _ 1 -9 -2 3 9 2 -3 (2)
42 + 8-15 \~A\~~^
-6 -1 2 6 1 -2
35 1
1 Now, the given system of equation can be written in
35 1
35 the form of AX — B,
35 1
'1 -1 2 X 1

a: = 1, y = 1 and z = 1 (1) where, A = 0 2 -3 , X - y and B = 1

'l -1 2 ■ 3 -2 4 z 3
34. We have, ^=02 -3
As, I ^ I = -10, so given system of equation has a
3 -2 4
unique solution given by X = A~^B
.-.|^| = 1(8-6)+ 1(0 + 9)+ 2(0-6) X -2 0 1 1 -2+0+3 X 1
= 2 + 9-12
y 9 2 -3 1 9+2-9 y 2
= -\^0
z 6 1 -2 3 6 + 1-6 z 1
So, A is invertible. (J)
74 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEAAATICS

3 -4
Hence, x = \, y-2 and z = 1. C 12 “ = -(-6 + 4) = 2
1 -2
Common For finding the adjoint of a matrix,
Mistakes students commit some common 3 2
C 13 =3-2=1
mistakes like (i) finding cofactors without taking proper “
1 1
sign, (ii) taking the transpose of a matrix made from the
cofactors -3 5
C 21 “ = -(6-5) = -l
1 -2
-3 -2 -4 1 2 0

[Link], >4 = 2 1 2 and B = -2 -1 -2 2 5

C 22 “
=-4-5=-9
2 1 3 0 -1 1 1 -2

-3 -2 -4 I 2 0 2 -3
C 23 “ = -(2 + 3) = -5
AB = 2 1 2 -2 -1 -2 1 1

2 I 3 0 -1 1 -3 5
C 31 “
= 12-10 = 2
-3 + 4 + 0 -6 + 2 + 4 0 + 4-4 1 0 0 2 -4

2-2 + 0 4-1-2 0-2+2 0 1 0 2 5

2-2 + 0 4-1-3 0-2 + 3 0 0 1 ^2 = -(-8-15) = 23
3 -4

:.B^^ =A (2) 2 -3
C 33 “ = 4 + 9 = 13
Now, the given system of equation can be written as 3 2

B^X=C
Cn
11 C 12 c
^13 0 2
X 3
adj A = C 21 C 22 c 23 -1 -9 -5
Where, X = 3^ ,C = 2
C 31 ^32 c 33 2 23 13
z 3
0 -1 2
X = {B^)-'C==^(5"' f C [V (5^ )■* = ]
adj A = 2 -9 23
= A^C 1 -5 13

■-3 -2 -4]^r3] [-3 2 2ir3' 1 1

0 -1 2
= 2 1 2 2 = -2 1 1 2
A-^ adjA = 2 -9 23
Ml -1
2 1 3j3 -4 233 1 -5 13

X -9 + 4 + 6‘ X 1
0 1 -2
y -6+2+3 y -1
-2 9 -23
z -12 + 4 + 9 z 1
-1 5 -13
(2)
x = l, y =-I and z = 1 (3)
Given, system of equation is
2 -3 5
2;t-3>- + 5z = ll -.(i)
[Link], ^= 3 2 -4
3x + 2y-4z = -5 ...(ii)
1 1 -2
x + y-2z = -3 ...(iii)
Now,|^| = 2(-4 + 4) + 3(-6 + 4) + 5(3-2) 2-3 51 II X

|^| = -6 + 5 = -1^0 Let^= 3 2 -41,5= -5 and = 3^

A is invertible. (1) 1 I -2 -3 z
(1)
2 -4 1
C 11 =-4+4=0 AX =B^X = A~'B
1 -2
Determinants 75

0 1 -2 11 0-5+6 4 -6
= l(36 + 36) = 72
X = -2 9 -23 -5 -22-45 + 69 6 9

-1 5 -13 -3 -11-25+39 3 10
^21 =(-!)' 9 -20
= -l(-60-90) = 150
1 X 1

JT = 2 2 2 10
= l(-40-60) = -100
3 z 3 6 -20

2 3
=> a: = 1, V = 2 and z = 3 (1)
= H)^ 1(I8-18) = 0
/123
6 9
37 The given system of equations is
3 10
2 3 10 .465,
- + -+ —
Y
y
-4, + —-1,
.Y y Z
^31
-6 ^ =1(15+60) = 75
2 10
. 6 9 20 ^ ^32 =H)' = -l(10-40) = 30
and —H =2; y, z;*0 4 5
Y y
»7

1 1 1 2 3
Let - = u, — -=v and
Y
= \v, then system of equations ^33 =H)^ 4 -6
= l(-12-12) = -24 (1)
y z

can be written as T
4ll ^12 ^13
2w + 3v + 10h’ = 4
●●● adj(^) = ^21 ^ 22 24 23
4m-6v + 5w = 1 ●
-^31 ^ 32 ^33,
6« + 9v —20vv = 2

Above system of Eqs. (i) can be written in matrix form 75 no 72]^

150 -100 0
as AX = B, where
75 30 -24
2 3 10'
A = 4-6 5 , 75 150 75

6 9 -20 110 -100 30 (1)

72 0 -24
4 w

75 150 75
B = 1 and X - V

and /t
-1 adj (A) _ 1 no -100 30
2
1^1 ~\m 72 0 -24
(1/2)
Its solution is given by -1

x = a~'b On putting the values X, A and B in Eq. (ii),

...(ii)d)
we get
Here, | ^ [ = 2 (120 - 45) - 3 (-80 - 30) +10 (36 + 36) u 75 150 75 4
1
= 2(75)-3(-ll0) + 10(72) V no -100 30 1
1200
= 150 + 330 + 720 =1200 w 72 0 -24 2

1^1 = 1200 300 + 150 + 150 u 600

1 1
Since, ] yl| 9^ 0, so ^ is non-singular and its inverse 440-100 + 60 V 400
exists. (1/2) 1200 1200
288 + 0-48 w 240
Now, cofactors of elements of | A \ are
■6 5 On comparing corresponding elements, we get
^11 = H)^ 9 -20
= 1(120-45) = 75 600 400 240
u = V = , w =
1200’ 1200 1200
4 5
^,2=H)' 6 -20
= -l(-80-30) = n0 1
M = -, V = - and w = -
1 1

2 3 5
 76 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

-3 2 2 10
—1 = M, —
^ = V andA —^ = w X
But
X y z
y -2 1 I 8

1111 ,11 z -4 2 3 7
- = - and- = -
X 2' y 3 z 5 -30 + 16 + 14 0

X = 2, = 3 and z = 5 (1) -20 + 8 + 7 -5

'1 2 0' -40 + 16+21 -3

38. We have, -2 -1 -2 -(i) X = 0, - 5 and z = - 3 (2)

0 -1 1
39. We have,
A =l(-3)-2(-2) + 0 = l9t0 1 -I 0 2 2 -4

Now, ^,1 =-3, A^2 =2, ^,3 =2, A = 2 3 4 and 5 = -4 2 -4

■^21 "“2, Aj2 =1) -^23 -^31 ““4, ^32 =2 0 1 2 2 -1 5

and /I33 =3 1 -1 0 2 2 -4

-3 21 2j^ -3 -2 -4
AB = 2 3 4 -4 2 -4
adj(^)= -2 1 2 1 2
0 1 2 2 -1 5
-4 2 3 2 1 3
2+4+0 2-2+0 -4+4+0

A-^ adj A 4-12 + 8 4 + 6-4 -8-12 + 20

Ml 0-4 + 4 0 + 2-2 0-4 + 10
-3 -2 -4
6 0 0
1
2 1 2
1 0 6 0 = 6/
2 I 3
0 0 6
-3 -2 -4 1 1
-I
=» A -B A = -B
A-' 2 1 2 ●..(ii) U ) 6
2 1 3
(2) 2 2 -4
1
Also, we have the system of linear equations as -4 2 -4 (2)
6
x-2y = 10, 2 -1 5

2x-v-z = 8 and-2jv+z = 7 The given system of equations can be written in

In the form of CX=D, fl -1 OlM [3'
'1-2 0 X 10 matrix form as, 2 3 4 y 17

2 -1 -1 y 8 0 1 2 z 7

0 -2 1 z 1 1 -1 0 X

1 -2 0 X 10
or, AX — Z), where A - 2 3 4 ,X = 3’ (I)
where, C = 2 -1 -1 y andZ) = 8 0 1 2 z

0 -2 1 1
3

Weknowthat (A^)~^ =(A^')^ (1) and D - 17 ^X=A~'D

1 2 0 7

= -2 -1 -2 [using Eq. (i)] 2 2 -4 3

1
0 -1 1 -4 2 -4 17
6
X=C“‘ D 2 -1 5 7

I *
Determinants 77

6 + 34-28 0 1 -2
1
-12 + 34-28 -2 9 -23 (1)
6
6-17 + 35 -1 5 -13

12 2 Now, the given system of equation can be written in

1
-6 -1 the form AX = B, where
6
24 4 '2-3 5 X 11

A = 3 2 -4 and 5 = -5
a: = 2, y = -1 and z = 4 (2)
1 1 -2 z -3
2-3 5 "
40. We have, ^ = 3 2 -4 As, I /11 = -1 0, so given system of equation has a
_1 1 -2_ unique solution given by X = A~^B.
X 0 1 -2irn'
1^1 =2(-4 + 4) + 3{-6 + 4) + 5(3-2)
y -2 9 -23 -5
= 0-6 + 5 = -l?^0
z -1 5 -13 -3
So, A is invertible. (I)
0-5 + 6 I
Cofactors of elements of A are
= -22-45 + 69 2
1+1
2 -4
c„=(-i) = (_4 + 4) = 0 -11-25 + 39 3
1 -2

3 -4 Hence,a: = 1, >^ = 2andz = 3 (2)

1+2
C,2=(-l) = -(-6+ 4) = 2 '13 2'
1 -2
41. We have, 2 0-1
1+3
3 2
C,3=(-l) = (3-2) = l 1 2 3
1 1
9 7 5
-3 5
C21=(-l)
2+1
= -(6-5) = -l Now, a'^=a-a = 1 4 1
1 -2
8 9 9

2+2
2 5
28 37 26
C22=(-l) = (-4-5) = -9
1 -2
and 10 5 I
2 -3
C23=(-l)
2+3
= -(2+3) = -5 _35 42 34 (1)
1 1
Now, consider LHS =-.4 ^ - 4^ ^ - 3^ +11/
3+1
-3 5
28 37 26 9 7 5
C31 =(-i) = (12-10) =2
2 -4
= 10 5 1-4141

3+2
2 5 35 42 34 8 9 9
C32=(-l) 3 -4
= -(-8-15) = 23
1 3 2 1 0 0

3+3
2 -3 -3 2 0 -1 + 11 0 1 0
C33=H) 3 2
= (4 + 9) = 13 (2)
1 2 3 0 0 1
/

0 2 1 0 -1 2 0 0 0

adj^ = -1 -9 -5 2 -9 23 = 0 0 0 =0= RHS

2 23 13 1 -5 13 0 0 0
(2)

0 -1 2 Now,^^-4v4^-3.4+ll/=0
-I 1 1
Hence, A (adj^) = 2 -9 23 Pre-multiplied by A~^, we get
Ml -1
-1
1 -5 13 A~^A^-AA'^A'^-3A~^A + \\A = 0
 78 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

A^-4A-3I + UA -1 = 0 [vA~'A=I] 0 0 0

= 000 = 0 (1)
=> UA
-1
= 3I + 4A-A^ (1)
0 0 0
3 0 0 1 3 2 9 7 5

=> 11^
-1
0 3 0 +4 2 0 -1 1 4 1 => A^ -6A^ +5A+11/^ =0
-]
0 0 3 1 2 3 8 9 9 Now, multiplying both sides by , we get
'3 0 o’ 4 12 8 9 7 5 ^ A^'(A^ -6A^ +5A + IU3) = A~'0
-1
=> \ \A 0 3 0 + 8 0 -4 1 4 1
A^-6A-b5I + UA -I = 0 (1)
0 0 3 4 8 12 8 9 9 -1
=> 11.4 = -A^+6A-5I
-2 5 3 -2 5 3
1 ■ 4 2 1
-1 -1
=> UA 7 -1 -5 => A 7 -1 -5 -1
11 => 11^ = - -3 8 -14
-4 -1 6 -4 -1 6
7 -3 14
(2)
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1
+ 6 1 2 -3 -5 0 1 0 (I)
42. wg have, A= \ 2-3
2-1 3 0 0 1
2 3
-4 + 6-5 -2 + 6 + 0 -1+6 + 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
=> UA~ 3+6 + 0 -8 + 12-5 14-18 + 0
A^ =AA = 1 2 -3 1 2 -3
-7 + 12 + 0 3-6 + 0 -14 + 18-5
2 3 2 -1 3

4 2 1 -3 4 5

-3 8 -14 9 -1 -4
(1)

7 -3 14 5 -3 -1

4 2 1 1 1 1 -3 4 5
1 1
and A^ =A^A = -3 8 -14 1 2 -3 A 9 -1 -4 (I)
11
7 -3 14 2 -1 3 5 -3 -1

8 7 1 1 3 4
43.
= -23 27 -69 (1) Here, \A\ = 2 1 2

32 -13 58 5 I 1

/.A^-6A^ +5.4 + 11/3 = l(l-2)-3(2-10) + 4(2-5)

= -l+24-12 = ll?^0
■ 8 7 r 4 2 I

= -23 27 -69 -6 -3 8 -14 Thus, A is invertible. (1)

32 -13 58 7 -3 14 Clearly, the system has a unique solution given by

X = A-^B.
1 1 1 1 0 0

+ 5 1 2 -3 + 11 0 1 0 Now, the cofactors of 1 /I | are

2 -1 3 0 0 1 '^ll '^12 '^13 —
8-24 + 5 + 11 7-12 + 5 + 0
Ai] = 1, A22 = — 19, ^23 — ^ 4,
-23 + 18 + 5+0 27-48 + 10 + 11 A^] =2, A22 =6and .^33 =-5 (I)

32-42 + 10 + 0 -13 + 18-5+0

1-6+5+0
■-1 8 -3]' [-1 1 2
adj(^)= 1 -19 14 = 8 -19 6 (i)
-69 + 84-15+0 2 6 -5 -3 14 -5
58-84 + 15 + 11
Determinants' 79

-1 1 Given, system of the equations is

So, A ●adj(^)
Ml x + y+z = 6, jc + 2z = 7,3x + y+z = 12,
1 which can be written in matrix form as AX =B, where
-1 1 2 11 11 II 1 1 1 X 6
1
8 -19 6
8
]9 ^ A = 1 0 2[X = y andB = 7 (1)
11 11 'll 11
-3 14 -5 3 1 1 z 12
3 H -5
11 11 11 (1) Now, AX=B

The given equations are X = A'^B

AT + 3y+4z = 8 -2 0 2 6
1
2x + y + 2z = 5 ●●●(ii) X = 5 -2 -1 7 (1)
4
and 5x + y + z = l ...(iii) 1 2 -1 12

which can be written in matrix form as AX ==B, -12 + 0 + 24 12

1
'1 3 4 X
X=- 30-14-12 4 (1)
4 4
where A = 2 1 2\,X = y andB = 5 (1) 6 + 14-12 8
5 1 1 z 7
X 3

M j_ _2 1
X 11 11 11
z 2
8 -19 6
y 5 [V X = A~'B]
11 11 11 Hence, x=3, y = \ and z = 2 (1)
z 7
-3 14 -5 5 0 4
.11 11 11 45. We have, A= 2 3 2
"8 5 14' 11
1 2 1
H H
11 11 11 11 X 1
5 0 4
^^95 ^ 11

11 ll'^ll 11 Now, |/4| = 2 3 2 = 5(3-4)-0 + 4(4-3)

z
70_^ 11 1 2 1
. 11 11 11. 11
= -5 + 4 = -l9i0 (1)
.\x = \, y = land z = l (1)
Thus, A is non-singular matrix, so A~^ exists.
'ill'
Now, cofactors of elements of | A \ are
44. We have, ^=102
2 3 2
3 1 1 ^,,=(-1) = (3-4) = -l
2 1

M|=l(0-2)-l(l-6) + l(l-0) 3 2 2
=-2+5+1 4,2=(-1) = -(2-2) = 0
1 1
= 4?^0

So, A is invertible. (1) 4 2 3

4,3=(-1) = (4-3) = l
-2 0 2 1 2

Clearly, adj(^) = 5 -2 -1 3 0 4
A2^ =(-l) = _(0-8) = 8
1 2 -1 2 1 (1)

-2 0 2 4 5 4
1 1 ^22 -(-1) = (5-4) = l
A-^ ■ ad} A = - 5 -2 -1 (1) 1 1
1^1 4
I 2 -1
 80 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

2 +1
5 5 0 C2, =(-l) (-6-3) = 9
^23=(-l) = -(10-0) = -10
1 2 2 + 2
C22=(-l) (-9-7) = -I6
4 0 4 2+3
^31=(-1) =(0-12) = -12 C23=(-l) (9-14) = 5
3 2
3 + 1
C3, =(-l) (4 + l) = 5
5 5 4
^32=(-l) = -(10~8) = -2
C32=(-l)
3+2
(6-4) = -2
2 2
3+3
6 5 0 C33=(-l) (-3-8) = -ll
^33=(-l) = (15-0) = 15
2 3
(1)
-3 9 5 "
-1 8 -12 Now, (adj A) = 26 -16 -2

19 5. -11
adj A = 0 1 -2 (1)
1 -10 15 -3 9 5
1 1
-1 8 -12 A-^ (adj^) = — 26 -16 -2 (2)
-1 adj^ 1 Ml 62
A 0 1 -2 19 5 -11
“mT"^ 1 -10 15 The given system of equations is equivalent to the
1 -8 12
matrix equation
X 14
0 -1 2 (1)
-1 10 -15
A' X =B, where X - y ,B = 4 (1)
z 0
Now, (AB)-^
X=^(A')-^B = iA-^yB
'l 3 3] r I -8 12 F-3 26 19l 14
= 1 4 3 0 -1 2 1
X^ — 9 -16 5 4
134 -1 10 -15 62
5 -2 -11 0
1+0-3 -8-3 + 30 12 + 6-45
-42 + 104 + 0 62 1
1+0-3 -8-4+30 12 + 8-45 1 1
126-64 + 0 62 1
1 + 0-4 -8-3 + 40 12 + 6-60 62 62
70-8+0 62 1
-2 19 -27

-2 18 -25 Hence, x: = 1, y = l and 2 = 1. (2)

(1)
-3 29 -42
>1-7 T 1 1 .1
4/. Let — = p, — = q and ~ = r
X y z

3 2 1
Then, the given equations becomes
46. We have, A = 4 -1 2
2p + 3q + 10r=2
7 3 -3
4p-6q +5r=5
Then, | ^ | =3(3 -6) + (~2)(-12 -14) +1 (12 + 7)
6p + 9q -20r = -4
= 62=^0
-1
This system can be written as AX = B, where
As, Ml then A exists. (1)
'2 3 10 * P 2
Let Cjj represents the cofactor of (i, y)th element of A, ^=4-6 5 ,X = 5
then
1 + 1
6 9 -20 r 4
(3-6) = -3
2 3 10
1 + 2
C,2=(-l) (-12-14)=26
Here, 1^1= 4-6 5
1 + 3
C,3=(-l) (12+ 7) = 19 6 9 -20
Determinants 81

-4 + 4 + 8 4-8 + 4 -4-8 + 12
= 2 (120-45)-3 (-80-30)+ 10(36+ 36)
= 150 + 330 + 720 -7+1+6 7-2+3 -7-2+9

= 12007^0 5-3-2 -5+6-1 5+6-3

8 0 0 1 0 o'
Thus, A is non-singular, therefore its inverse exists.
0 8 0 0 1 0 =8/ (I'/O
Therefore, the above system has a unique solution
given by 0 0 8 0 0 1
X = A~'B (2) BA=%I
Cofactors of A are
BA{A~^) = ^IA
-1
(1/2)
Cii=75, C2, =150, C3, =75
[post-multiplying both sides by A
C,2=110, C22 =-100, C32=30 1 -1
B{AA~^) = SIA
Ci3 =72, C23 =0and C33 =-24 (1)
B=SA~ [■-■AA^' =/]
75 110 72
-4 4 4
adj(^) = 150 -100 0 1
A-^ -7 1 3 (1)
75 30 -24
5 -3 -1
75 150 75
-4 4 4 4
no -100 30 1
Hence, X = - -7 1 ,3 9
72 0 -24 8
5 -3 -1 1
75 150 75
1 1 X -16 + 36 + 4 24 3
A~' (adj/l) = no -100 30 1 1
Mi 1200 -28 + 9 + 3 -16 -2 (1)
72 0 -24
(1) 2 20-27-1 -1
Now, X = A~'B
On comparing corresponding elements, we get
P 75 150 75 2
1 x = 3,y = -2 and 2 = -1 (1)
no -100 30 5
1200 49. Do same as Q. No. 48. [Ans.x = 0, y = 5, 2 = 3]
r 72 0 -24 -4
1-1 2'
150 + 750-300
1 50. Given, A = 3 0 -2
220-500-120 0)
1200 I 0 3
144 + 0 + 96
1 -1 2
900-300 600 1/2
1 1 Here, \A\ = 3 0 -2 = l(0+0) + l(9+2)
220-620 -400 -1/3
1200 1200 1 0 3
144 + 96 240 1/5
+ 2 (0-0) = ll
1 1 1 11 0 0
p = -,q = —, r = -
^ 2^ 3 5 Now, |^|7 =117 = 0 11 0 ...(i) (1)
X =2, y = - 3 and 2 = 5 (1) 0 0 11
■-4 4 4 1 -1 1
Cofactors of | /I |
[Link]= -7 1 3 and^ = 1 -2 -2
i-t-i
0 -2
5 -3 -I 2 1 3 Cii=(-1) =0
0 3
■-4 4 4] [1 -1 1 1 + 2
3 -2
Now, BA= -7 1 3 1-2 -2 (1) C,2=(-l) = -(9 + 2) = -ll
1 3
5 -3 -1 2 1 3
82 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

1 + 3
3 0 0 ly z

Cl3=(-1) 1 0
= 0
51. Given, A - X - z , then

-1 2 X - y z
2+1
C2i=(-1) = -(-3-0) = 3 0 X X
0 3
A' = y -y
2 + 2
1 2
C22=(-l) = + (3-2) = l z — z z
1 3
-1

1 -1
Also, A' = A
2+3
C23=(-l) = -(0 + l) = -l a'a = a~'a = i 0)
0

3 + 1
-1 2 Thus, A'A = I
C3, =(-l) = + (2-0) = 2 O x X 0 2;^ z 1 0 0
0 -2
2y y -y X y - z 0 1 0
3 + 2
1 2
= _(_2_6) = 8 0 0 1
C32=(-l) 3 -2
z - z z x -;i^ z

0 + x^ +x^ 0 + j^-xy 0 - xz + xz
3 + 3
1 -1 T

C33=(-l) = + (0 + 3) = 3 (I'/O 0-¥xy-xy Ay +y +y 2yz-yz-yz

3 0
0-2X + ZX 2>^z —_yz — z^ +z^ +z^
Cm C 21 C 31 0 3 2
J iVA)
11
1 0 0
adj A = C 12 C 22 C 32 -11 1 8 (I'/O
0 1 0
c 13 c 23 c 33 0 -13
0 0 1
1 -1 2 0 3 2

Now, ^(adj A) = 3 0 -2 -11 2x^ 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 3 0 -13 0 6y~ 0 0 1 0

0 0 3z^ 0 0 1
0 + 11 + 0 3-1-2 2-8 + 6 (2)

0+0+0 9+0+2 6+0-6 On comparing both sides, we get

0+0+0 3+0-3 2+0+9 2x^ =1,6y^ =1 and3z^ =1
11 0 0 1 1 1
x = ± and z = ± (VA)
0 11 0 “V6
0 0 11
cos a - sin a 0
0 3 2 1 -1 2 52. We have, A - sma cos a 0

and {di6iA)A = -11 1 3 0 -2 0 0 1

0 -13 1 0 3
Clearly, the cofactors of elements of | A \ are given by
0+9+2 0+0+0 0-6+6 ^11 = cosa ; /t|2 = —sina; A^-^ =0 ;
-11 + 3 + 8 11+0 + 0 -22-2 + 24 ^21 = sin a; ^^22 ~ cos a; ^23 = 0
0-3+3 0+0+0 0+2+9 A 31 = 0; ^32 = 0 and ^33 = 1 (2)

11 0 0 All
0 110 ●●● adj (A) = ^21 ^22 ^23
0 0 11 Ajj A^i A 33

cos a —sma 0 cos a sina 0

Thus, ^(adjA) = (adj A)A = \A\I Hence verified.

(2) sma cos a 0 -sina cos a 0 (t)

0 0 1 0 0 1
Determinants 83

Now, A (adj A) Now, cofactors of elements of | A \ are

cos a -sin a 0 cos a sin a 0 4 -5
Au={-\? -1 ^ =l(12-5) = 7
sin a cosa 0 -sina cosa 0

0 0 1 0 0 1 3 3 -5
^,2=H) = -l(9 + 10) = -19
2 3
cos^ a + sin^ a 0 0 1 0 0
4
= (-1/ 2!
0 sin a + cos" a 0 0 1 0
A 13 = I(-3-8) = -lI
0 0 1 0 0 1 -1

-1 2

cosa sina 0 cosa -sina 0

^r=(-o^ -1 3
= -l(-3 + 2) = l

(adj4){^) = - sin a cos a 0 sina cosa 0

1 2
0 0 1 0 0 I All = 1(3-4) = -!
2 3

cos^ a +sin" a 0 0 1 0 0 1 -I
0 sin^a+cos"a 0 0 1 0 ^23 =(->)' 2 -1
= -l(-l + 2) = -l

0 0 1 0 0 I
-1 2

...(ii) (1)
^31 =H/ 4 5 =1(5-8) =
-3

cos a - sin a 0
1 2
and 1^1 = sina cosa 0 =l(cos^a + sin^a) = l All — (“^) 3 -5
= -l(-5-6) = ll
0 0 1
(1)
1 -1
[expanding along R^] ^33=(-l)‘ 3 4
= l{4 + 3) = 7
1 0 0
T
An A 12 A
●●● M|/3 = 0 1 0 ...(iii) 13

●●● adj (^) = A 21 ^22 ^23

0 0 1
A
L^31 All ^33.
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A (adj A) = (adj A) - A = \A\l2, (I) 7 -19 -lll^
1 -1 -1
53. Given, system of equations is
-3 11 7
x-y^lz = l
3x + 4_v-52 = -5 7 1 -3

and 2x - y+ 32 = 12 -19 -1 11 (iVi)

In matrix form, it can be written as -11 -1 7

AX=B ...(i) (1) -1 adj(^)

and A
where, Ml
1 -1 2 A' 7 7 1 -3
-1 1
A^ 3 4 -5 y and B - -5 A -19 -1 11 (1/2)
4
2 -1 3 2 12 -11 -1 7

Here, Ml = 1 (12-5) + l (9+ 10)+2 (-3-8) Now, from Eq. (i), we get
= l(7) + l(19)+2(-ll) (1) X^A~^B
= 7 + 19-22 = 4 X 7 1 -3 7
1
Ml^o 7 -19 -1 11 -5 (1)
4
So, A is non-singular and its inverse exists. 2 -11 -1 7 12
 84 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEAAATICS

X 49-5 -36 8 2 58. Do same as Q. No. 43.

1 1
-133 + 5 + 132 4 1 -6 17 13
4 4 1
-1
z -77 + 5 +84 12 3 Ans. A 14 5 ',x-3, y=-2 and z — 1
67
-15 9 -1
On comparing corresponding elements, we get
X =2, y = \ and z = 3 (1) 59. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans. x = 5, y = 8, z = 8
54. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans. a: = 3, y = l, z = 1 60. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans. x = 2, y-l and z = 3
55. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans. a: = 1, y=2,z = -l 61. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans.x = 3, y=-2and z = l
56. Do same as Q. No. 53. Ans. x = l, y=2,z = -l 62. Do same as Q. No. 43.
3 -6 -1
57. Do same as Q. No. 43. -t
4-5 1 ■ Ans. A 2 -5 -1 ;x=2, y = 0and z = -2
-1 1 2 -4 -1
Ans. A 2 0 -2 ;x = 2, y = 0 and z = 2
10
2 5 3

Case Based Questions

1. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and Answer the following questions using the above
pays a sum of ?160. From the same shop. Vikram information. CBSE Question Bank

buys 2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a (i) The equations in terms of x and y are
sum of ? 190. Also, Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4 (a)X- y = 50and 2x~ y = 550
instrument boxes and pays a sum of ? 250.
(b)x - y = 50and 2r+ y = 550
(i) Convert the given above situation into a matrix (c) X + y = 50 and 2r + y = 550
equation of the form AX = B.
(d)x+ y = 50and 2x- y = 550
(ii) Find | A \. CBSE 2023
(ii) Which of the following matrix equation represent
(iii) Find A~^ . the infonnation given above.
Or ,ri -llfx 50

(iii) DetermineP = A^ -5A. : 1 J [yj [550

1 l1fx 50
2. Manjit wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a (b)
2 1 y 550
school in his village. When he was asked to give
1 1 50
dimensions of the plot, he told that if its length is (C)
X

decreased by 50 m and breadth is increased by 50m, 2 -IJW 550

then its area will remain same, but if length is 1 1 X -50

decreased by 10m and breadth is decreased by 20m, (d)
2 Ij [yJ [- 550
then its area will decrease by 5300 m^.
(iii) The value ofx (length of rectangular field) is
(a) 150 m (b) 400 m
(c) 200 m (d) 320 m
(iv) The value of y (breadth of rectangular field) is
(a) 150 m (b) 200 m
(c) 430 m (d) 350 m
(v) How much is the area of rectangular field?
(a) 60000 (b) 30000 m-
(c) 30000 m (d)3000 m
 [Explanations]
I

.1 t . ●- V >»-"li 'i * v'^

5 3
1. Let the price of a pen, bag and instrument box are ?x, 3+3
^33=(-l) = (5-6) = -l
? y and ^ z respectively, then 2 1

-[T
5x + 3y+z = 160 ^11 Ai A 13
(for Gautam) adj A = ^21 ^22 ^23
2x + :i' + 3z = 190 ...(ii) .^31 "^32 -^33.
(for Vikram) I- -iT
-2 -5 3
and X + 2_v + 4z = 250 ...(iii) -10 19 -7
(for Ankur) -13 -1
(i) This system of equation can be written as AX = B,
where -2 -10

5 3 1 -5 19 -13

A^ 2 1 3 3 -7 -1

1 2 4 -2 -10 8

160 /. A
adj ^ _ 1 -5 19 -13
X

and B = 190 3 -7 -1
7
z 250 Or

(ii)M| = 5(4-6)-3(8-3) + l(4-l) (iii) P = -5A

5 3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1
= 5 (-2)-3 (5)+ 1(3)
= -10-15 + 3 = -22?i0 = 213 2 1 3 -5 2 1 3

(iii) Cofactors of | A \ are 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4

1+1
1 3 25 + 6 + 1 15 + 3+2 5+9 + 4
^11= (-1) = (4-6) = -2
2 4 10 + 2 + 3 6 + 1 +6 2 + 3 + 12

1+2
2 3 5+4+4 3+2+8 1+6+16
^12=(-1) = -(8-3) = -5
1 4 25 15 5

1+3
2 1 10 5 15
^13=(-1) =4-1=3
1 2 5 10 20

2+1
3 I 32 20 18 25 15 5
^21 =(-l) = -(12-2) = -10
2 4 15 13 17 10 5 15

2+2
5 1 13 13 23 5 10 20
^22=(-l) = 20-1 = 19
1 4 7 5 13

2+3
5 3 5 8 2
^23=(-l) 1 2
= -(10-3) = -7
8 3 3

3 1
3+1
= (9-l) = 8 2. According to the question, when length is decreased
^3i=(-l) 1 3 by 50 m and breadth is increased by 50 m.
3+2
5 1 (x-50)(y + 50) = ;9^
^32 =H) = -(15-2) = -13
2 3 X-j = 50
86 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMATICS

and when length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is 1 1 I 50

decreased by 20 m. l-(2)(-l)[-2 1J[550

(x-10)(;'-20)=a:;'-5300 t1
a b 1 d -b
2x + >' = 550 ...(ii)
c d ad - be -c a
(i) (i) X - y = 50 and 2x + y = 550
(ii) (a) Eqs. (i) and (ii) can be written in matrix form as 1 50 + 550 1 600 200

1 -1 X 50
3[-100 + 550 3 450 150

2 1 550 x = 200and y = l50

y.
Lenght of rectangular field
(iii) (c) We have, =i’X = 200 m
'1 -iir^c 50
(iv) (a) Breadth of rectangular field
2 1 y 550
v = 150m
X 1 -1 50 (v) (b) Area of rectangular field = 200 x 150
;
> 2 1 550 = 30000 m^
 [chapter TEST)
1 Mark Questions 8. Find the inverse of the matrix
cos 0 sin 6

2 2 1 1 - sin 0 cos 0
1. If^ = and B - , then
4 0 2 0
9. Solve the system of linear equations using matrix
(a) A B (b) /I =2 5 method.

(c)M| = 2^l5| (d)M|=-l5| 2x- y = -2and3a: + 4y = 3

2 4 2x 4
2. If , then X is
5 1 6 X 3 Marks Questions
1 0 0
(a)±^/3 (b)± V2
10. Find the inverse of the matrix 0 cos a sin a
(c)l (d)0
0 sin a -cos a
COS0 -sin0
3. The value of IS
sin 0 cos 0 2 -3
11. Show that ^ = satisfies the equation
3 4
(a)0 (b)l (c)2 (d)5
X ^ = 6x +17 = 0. Hence, find ^ .
4. If ^ is a skew-symmetric matrix of odd orderthen
(a) ^ =0 (b)|^ | = -1 12. If^ =
I tan X
, then show that
(c) A = A' (d) None of these -tanx 1

cos 2x - sin 2x
2 Marks Questions A^A -1
sin2x cos2x
5. Find the value of /c, if the points (k +1,1), (2k +1,3)
and (2k + 2,2k) are collinear. 5 Marks Questions
6. Find the minors of the diagonal elements of the a b
1 i -1 13. Find the inverse of the matrix = 1 + be and
c
determinant i 2

= (a^ +bc + \)I -aA.

-1
1 — I i show that aA

2 3 1
7. Using cofactors of elements of third row, evaluate
14. If .4= 1 2 2 , find and hence solve the
1 X y+ z
-3 1 -I
A= 1 y 2+x.
system of equations 2x + y-3z = 13,3x + 2y + 2 = 4
1 2 x+y
andx + 2y- z = 8.

Answers
1 4 3
1,(c) 2. (a) 3.(b) 4. (a) 11.—
1 17 -3 2
5. 2 or - - 6. M 11 = z -1, M22 = i +1 and M33 = 0
2 l + i>c
-b
cos 0 - sin 0 13. a
7. 0 8.
- c a
sin 0 cos 0
-4 4 4
1 0 0
1
12 -1
0 cos a sin a 14. A -5 1 -3 ; X = I, y = 2 and z = - 3.
9. x = - and y — 10.
16
11 11
7 -11 1
0 sin a -cos a