Ola YZ0l0mal-1| Oka Deena nied Vocabulary global issues the environment international organisations! prepositions ‘word formation: forming adjectives from nouns or verbs phrasal verbs: TURN Reading an article about light pollution (matching headings to paragraphs, answer questions) Grammar reported speech * reported statements, ‘questions/commands reporting verbs Ustening a radio show (multiple choice) ‘monologues (multiple matching) pronunciation: homophones Speaking making suggestions - agreeing/disagreeing describing pictures Writing summary ‘an essay providing solutions Language Focus phrasal verbs & Prepositions word formation ‘grammar in focus Progress Check ‘When we heal the Earth, we heal ourselves.” (David Orr) CnC recor Dee ead PE Complete the newspaper EY Cee Rs words below. Which of the Peet eed Sr Seen eet ear) Pe ree Ex. 1is the most serious in Serres Ata recent charity ball, the Mayor announced that the council would build more sheltered » for people on the streets He added that he was delighted to see a huge rise in the number of 2) helping out at local shelters The Prime Minister said that his government was producing a series of advertisements about recycling 3) rns «HE also explained that everyone needed to choose supermarket products that had les 4)www [Link] a Read the advert and the extract from the song. What do you think Earth Hour is? Predicting content ‘The key words/phrases ina text help you predict what itis about } By» check the meaning of these phrases in f the Word List. q * power cut * complete darkness * light pollution * streetlights shine * security lights flash on and off {swasting energy + affects wilaiite + get confused + sleep patterns get disrupted \_ + aim their streetlights + switch off unnecessary lighting * low-energy bulbs / b) The phrases in Ex. 2a appear in the text. What do you think the text is about? «» Listen and read to find out. Sy ~ TIVN Oo) In 1994, Los Angeles had an earthquake that caused a power cut Dee ‘suddenly the city was in complete darkness. Some residents phoned the ‘emergency services ina anc and sad that they had seen a glant sivery Cloud in the sky. The authorties explained that they were looking at the eg ee Milky Way galany it was usually hidden because ofthe city’s lights! Where will we bein the future 2.) ery ese Nex! time you get the chance, look up into the night sky. What do you ieee see? Probably not much. Even in the countryside, the stars are harder to spot now. is all because of light pollution from our towns and cites. CAREER — Sireetichts shine onto empty roads and car parks; shop fronts and fe aS ‘office blocks are lt up after everyone has gone home, and security lights i ‘ flash on and off as stray cals wander through gardens, Most cities and towns are so bright at night that they can be seen from spacel Indarkuess we will build one | z LEE This isnot only wasting energy, butt seriously affects wildlife andthe patiah sedabaalitach ecosystem. Aer hatching onthe beach, for instance, baby turtles use Some cites, such as Chicago dim the sun going down on the horizon to get back tothe sea. But they get the lights in tall buildings while birds are migrating. This saves the lives of ‘more than 10,000 birds every year. confused by the bright lights of seafront hotels and can't find their way. Flying insects also swarm around streetlights and birds sing at midnight, becoming too exhausted o feed and reproduce. This causes their numbers to decline.yen ey Gy »y0u" own words answer the questions. Pics heatngscs passant 11 What is light pollution? 2 How does it affect people and animals? Underine the key words the headings. Try to find synonymous ones in the text. This wil help you [Link] 3 What can we do to solve the problem? the task. Fill in: in, to, through, on, of, at (x2), by. Read again and match the headings (A-F) to 1. Bats and birds easily get confused... ‘the paragraphs (1-5). There is one extra heading. Which words helped you decide? erie! Wott? 2 its going to rain; | can see storm clouds ‘A. Finding Solutions the horizon B Brightness We Don't Need 8. Her lack nun sleep makes her very tense. © Keeping Us Awake 4 There area lot of stars... the sky tonight D_ Getting Worse and Worse 5 Tiredness can lead ....... health problems. E Seeing the Stars Ag 6 Lots of stray cats and dogs wander F Tragic Etfects on Nature the streets 7 Did you see the moon rminight? = — - was really bright, * overload » power cut + resident + emergency 8 We marvelied the beauty of the night services » in a panic * giant « silvery sky. * authorities * spot + shop front * office block * security lights © ff se SMonde Swoste wafects lie seonstem | [Gf Match the words in bold to their synonyms. ‘hatch « baby turtle + horizon + seafront * insect ‘What part of speech is each word? ‘+ swarm * feed * reproduce + decline » creep in 5 acs, oebeaa ee + slep pattems + disrupt » lack » depression Feist sabia 2p ce ‘+ heart disease * cancer * dim * lighting Bed.» furrecr e-Sniie) © tn ist stch of. + nary baba!» ea say ‘make ess bright» abandoned Gr Match the opposites. Check in the Word List \ at the back of the book. Light polution is affecting us, too. When street light \ ‘i ‘reeps in through the curtains, our sleep patterns get "disrupted. This isn't just making us tired; lack of TD) aariness i! ‘sloop can lead to corloue tnoccos cuoh oo [21] herder b onergioea _ depression, heart disease and even cancer. ; GO ow © tiny Go { (2D empty 4 daytgnt Forunate, many towns ad cts ae staring to dim \ \ [5D oxnaustea © softer thelr setighs and swich off unnecessary lighting, [6 giant # dark ‘Ns, once a year during ‘Earth Hour, people in more (7 bright 9 high than 7,000 ces and towns in over 150 counties switch | [To beausiut fh full ‘off their lights for an hour. Why not take part next year? ‘You can also use low-energy bulbs and switch off ights sreryreginn Aetna Fonte \\ omy gO nese tors upenein Pci robs mabe tone} | ae ree scr aero, nia paneer ee think he/she has been? ry Cee a eee mr eee Cr ee ne eT gle eres eer Deeg ee te eee Cea Be uke’ itto the he main idea? [Link]www frenglishiry Vocabulary Vocabulary from the text Topic vocabulary sae ack ate? The environment Checkin the Word List at the EY) 2) Fill n the headlines with: back of the book. fuels, smog, spill, gases, warming, layer, conservation. ABOVE ANTARCTICA HOLE IN THE OZONE 1 1 Wasting eneray seriouslv/ Brabuiy oiecte our batural CCheck in the Word List at SUDDENLY EXPANDS | world the back of the book. — 2 A strayleonfused dog set off the security lights when it ARCTIC SEA ICE COULD SOON erantiwandarad into the wy) DISAPPEAR AS GLOBAL garden. 2) INCREASES: 3 Some wildlite species are SPEED OF MELTING declininglreducing because SS eoaneneae 1 4 Can you switch offfhide the bathroom light? There's no cone in there. 5 Why is that ight shining/ flashing on and off? 6 Look at those insects : nee swarming/hatching around ILLS HUNDREDS the light OF SEA BIRDS 7 It's not easy to disruptispot [AFTER TANKER stars in the sky on a cloudy CAPSIZES night a 8 Too much light wasteslatfects weit, a a) Fill in: car, sleep, starry, ‘emergency, light, office, ee : seafront, heart, complete, PROJECTS SUCCESSFULLY security. STOP DECLINE IN PANDA NUMBERS 1 services ee na Bee b) Complete the sentences, Use: prevent, save, raise, 2 oe reduce, ban, fine, invest. I rk < toe 1 The best way to stop the polar ice caps shrinking is to i lights nara OF Poca 2 We should .nnuevons fori that don't use alternative 7 - notels methods of disposing waste. 8 - patterns 3. To fight climate change, We cam ......ueennn the amount 2 disease of electricity we use 10 skies 4 We can vnsnsesonnes the hole from getting bigger by not buying aerosol sprays that use CFCs. ) Use the phrases in 5 The government should cars from the city centro. sentences of your own. 6 Governments need to seve in wind power and solar energy projects. 7 We ought to money for charities that run conservation projects. 22 ©) Match the solutions in Ex. 3b to the problems in Ex. 3a.B ) Complete the sentences. Use these wor ) USTENNG ) Listen to four speakers talking about ways to help solve environmental problems. Match the solutions (A-F) to what they have done. There are two extra solutions. A. using public transport B volunteering to help wildlife © taking advantage of technology D recycling paper and ‘Speaker 1 b Plastic ‘Speaker 2 organising a campaign | reaeerg F reusing products Sreaiart Choose the correct words. Which tips help save: water? energy? other natural resources? ‘Easy Ways to be Environmentally Friendly! 1) CollectiGather/Pick rainwater and use itto water your plants For cold drinks, keep a jug of cold water in the ‘ridge instead of 2) drippingj/running/dropping the tap, Use low energy 3) globes/bulbs/balls and install 4) solar/sun/warm panels. '5) Switch offiPut oftfclick off household 6) equipmentlappliances/devices and lights ‘when not using them, Don't eat fast food, which uses a lot ot 7) covers packaging/packet Buy S)reducedrousedrecycled paper, use both ‘0s & onl print documents you realy need, Dor't buy new clothes ~ 9) Renew/Mend/Revise your old clothes or hold a clothes 10) giving ‘swapping/changing event with friends instead. International organisations peace, communities, destruction, healthcare, risk. 41 WWF fights against the natural world. 2 Save the Children protects children at ‘around the world. 3 Oxfam works with 10C€ rene ‘worldwide to fight poverty and injustice. 4 The World Health Organisation works 1o dive the poor affordable 5. Tho United Nations promotes and security throughout the world of the 'b) Which of these organisations work on social issues? environmental issues? 2 GEREN) Which organisations exist in your country? What do they do? In my country there's Prepositions IIL In: ar, in (x2), On, from. Check In Appendix i, 1. Many people disagree with experimenting ‘annals LW test new produ. 2. How does the Earth look .. space? 2 Thoy wore all a panic. 4 There are less than 100 Javan Rhinos left the wile 5 Many species are risk of becoming extinct. Word formation (forming adjectives from nouns or verbs) 8 Read the theory, then form adjectives from the words in bold to complete the gaps. ‘We use the sufixes-al ction -fctionaD, + (fun - funny), ous (continue - continuous), ful beauty - beautiful), &-able (afford affordable) to form adjectives from nouns or verbs. Bryce Canyon in Utah is one of the USA's mast picturesque 1) NATION parks. It might not be the nation’s most 2) park, but i's FAME alanly oie uf is lavousilce, This is 3). when you see its UNDERSTAND 4) os «ck spires in all COLOUR shapes and sizes called ‘hoodoos: ‘The hoodoos are set in a series of 5) amphithaatras NATURE They shine brilianty under 8) skies, SUN Phrasal verbs: TURN Choose the correct particles. Check in Appendix | 1. The pollution in the river turned upfout to be from a local factory. (was discovered to be) 2 Our safari holiday turned oversinto a nightmare. (became) 3 Could you turn down/up your music, please? Is a litle loud. (decrease the volume of) 4 Katy turned down/over her invitation to the event. (rejected) 5 Could you tum onioff the TV, please? No cone’s watching it. (cut off the power to) [Link]74 www [Link] Grammar in use : I 0 21:0 tots me aia CAP Vou said that my new car that you would replace I think you need had a two-year guarantee) anything that broke, eine nN Gees Direct speech is the exact words someone said, Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words, Ep itir: seid or tote Direct Speech Reported Speech 1 *You can come with us,” “I recycle all my rubbish,” said |Jake told me (that) he eo Jake. (present simple) |recycted all his rubbish 2 *Wolll go to the 200," Mary “Tm volunteering at a charity,” Fran said (that) she was ore said Fran. (present continuous) | volunteering at a charity. a: Rel areata ten “ve given money to the Clare said (that) she had mae 4 Sue... that homeless,” said Clare. (present | given money to the perfect) homeless. “They planted new trees Ben told me (that) they had yesterday.” Ren said tame | planted new trees the ray (past simple) before. “We were swimming with ojpnins,” said Ann. (past continuous) 1 “I work at a homeless shelter “Til Join an enimal shelter | Harry aid (that) he would every waekenrt” [Link] project next week,” said Harry. |join an animal shelter project 2. “My class was planting trees al (future simple) the week after morning yesterday" Lucy said peep OAT] 3. “Itook my old laptop to the recycling centre,” said John, 4. “They are picking up liter today,” Gary said to me, ‘everyone could join in. 5 "You need to take shorter showers,” Mum Rewrite the sentences from ‘nn said (that) thay had heen dircet into reported speech. swimming with dolphins. a a) Read the table and answer the questions. 1 How do we introduce reported statements? 5 “The company will reduce its 2. How do the tenses change? pollution by the end of next 3. What other changes are there in reported statements? ‘yeet ou [Link]; 4 When do we use quotation marks? Sr Paale! ined WWE inst ‘month,” aid Alec. 5 How do we use said, fold”? 7 “They cut down 30 million trees ‘every day,” our teacher said to 'b) Read the joke and find examples of reported speech. us. Write what the salesman sai direct speech. 8 “Ive never seen a sea turtle,” Harry said to us,d questions/commands | Direct Speech Reported Speech Where's the homeless |She asked where the shelter?” she asked. {homeless shelter was. "Can you pick up the He asked iffwhether | jitter?” he asked me. _|could pick up the iter. Do you save water?* |She asked me f/ she asked me. whether saved water "Recycle ol your Bots” Mr Jones told us to Mr Jones said tous “Don't throw away old newspapers," she said throw away old to me. newspapers. peer on) B a) Look at the table and answer the questions. 1. How do we report a question that starts with ‘question word? 2 How do we report a yesino question? 3. How do tenses change in reported questions? 4. How do we report a positive/negative ‘command? 'b) Report the questions and commands. 1 “Can we swim in the river?" Pat asked Sam. 2. “Turn off the light,” Mum said to me. 3 “Are you going to the 200?" asked Jack. 4. “What time does it start?” she asked me. 5 “Don't use your car,” he said to me. i 6 “Why did you throw it away?” John asked. ‘As well as say/tell we can use a variety of reporting verbs in reported speech. ‘= agree, demand, offer, promise, refuse, etc + to infinitive ~ We agreed to help clean up the park. advise, allow, ask, invite, remind, warn, ete +4 somebody + to infinitive - Kate reminded ‘me to phone the homeless shelter admit (to), apologise for, complain (to sb) offabout, suggest, etc + -ing form ~ He suggested organising a campaign explain, inform sb, complain, etc + that clause - She explained that the sea turtles were in danger. 4 "People stil hunt endangered speci fengiish ru Report the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets. 1 “Why don't you come to the meeting?” asked Gary, (Invite) 2. "Be careful when getting rid of used batteries,” Fran said to me. (warn) 3 “I'm sorry | shouted at you,” said Carrie. (apologise) said Lam. (complain) 5 “Yes, you can do a project on air pollution,” said our teacher. (allow) Oliver is phoning Ann about a clean-up day at the beach. Report their dialogue using these verbs: suggest, offer, remind, say, explain, agree. 4)Dont forget really ooking the clean-up day forward tot. one = \ sooyeu yon? partied, the beach. aes 5) Lets ale 6) OK. Il see ‘o'clock. Oliver reminded Ann about the clean-up day Key word transformations For each question, complete the second, sentence using the word in bold so that it ‘means the same as the first. Do not change ‘the word in bold. 1. “Is Tom coming with us?” asked Marie. IF Marie going with them 2 “Don't leave the kitchen light on,” Dan said tome. TOLD Dan 3 “Can we take part in Earth Day’ asked, WHETHER Paul asked take part in Earth Day 4 ‘When are you visiting the Great Barrier Reet?” Tanya asked Ryan. WAS. Tanya asked Ryan the kitchen light on. Paul the Great Barrier Reet. INS.) Work in groups of three. Two of you act out a short dialogue. The third reports the dialogue to another group. a5ee 16. Listening skills Multiple choice Look at the photograph. What do you think it shows? 76 8 ) You will hear a discussion on a radio show. Before you listen, check these words/ Phrases in the Word List. + heavy traffic » cycle lanes ‘exhaust fumes + traffic jams * public transport + narrow streets + illegal parking + dangerous drivers * traffic warden + patrol + fine enforce the law * pedestrians + swerve b) |. Listen to the discussion and for questions 1-5, choose the correct answer A. Bor C Isit formal or informal? 1 What does Sarah suggest to reduce town centre trattic? A ban cars and lorries B increase public transport © yet people to use oicycies 2 What does Sarah say about the streets in the town centre? A. They are not in good condition. B Itis illegal to drive down them. © They are wide enough for cycle lanes. ‘3. What is Sarah worried about when she is cycling? A other cyclists B bad drivers © heavy trattic 4 How can cyclists cause problems? ‘A They can surprise car drivers. B They don't have enough space on the road, © They are eyciing too near to the side of the road. 5 What does the presenter say about cycling? ‘A. He does not like it any more. B He enjoyed it lot © He wants to learn to ride a bike, www [Link] What does Sarah suggest? Do you think her suggestions will help reduce town centre traffic? Tell your partner. Multiple matching B a) You will hear five people talking about how they reduce waste. Before you listen, check these words in the Word List. How do you think the words/phrases relate to reducing waste? ‘+ wheelie bins * compost + coffee shop ‘+ reusable mugs * packaging + disposable * cnarny snops * bargains 'b) 4.) Listen and choose from the list (A-E) what each speaker (1-4) says about their way of reducing waste. There is one letter you do not need. A. Itcan be quite difficult at times, B I eel bad about something | used to do. © It started because | didn't have much money. D It’s helped me with something | like to do, E [hadn't done this for a long time, Speaker1 ‘Speaker 2 ‘Speaker 3 ‘Speaker 4 © What does each speaker do to reduce waste? EB crrat che con we do to reduce waste? In groups, collect information. Prepare a presentation. Pronunciation: Homophones Homophones ae words that ave spat ifereniy but pronounced the same. Match the homophones. 1 listen and say. CTE] no a too [2] wo > there (3D tai © know (aL J ther toad [Sle e taoSpeaking skills Making suggestions - agreeing/disagreeing [E> the wordsiphrases below have been taken out of 2 dialogue. What do you think the dialogue is about? ‘nature reserves * population + local campaign + high fines + conservation organisation + natura habitat b) Complete the dialogue with the words/phrases above. \y Listen and check. Andy: Have you read this article? It says that the Aftican lion » has dectined by 68% in the ast 50 years. Ben: Yes, | know. It's awful, isn't it? Andy: It's so depressing. Can't we do anything to save them? Bon: Of course. At the moment the lions are losing their 2) because of deforestation. One solution is to set up 3) that protect the animals living there Andy: But that won't help with poaching, Ben: You're right. That's why ‘governments should impose really 4) for anyone caught hunting an ‘endangered species. Andy: [totally agree with you, but | don't think we can help wildlife very much Ben: Well. the way Lsee it, there are lots of things we can do. For example, we can join a Op Sects Hike WWF, It would be a good idea to start a6) ‘and get everyone {rom schoo! involved. Andy: You'e totally right. ©) Read out the dialogue in pairs. BI Replace the underlined phrases in the dialogue with, other appropriate ones in the Useful Language box. Cres One/Another solution is to would be a good idea to We canicould ‘Agreeing | (totally/completely) agree | | (totally/completely) disagree with you. with you. You're (totallylcompletely) right. |» You're (totally/ completely) | agree (with you) to a certain) wrong ‘extent, but + But don't you think... + auppase you're right + Well, the way I see it Introducing examples/results + For example/instance, + Asa result... /Then.../ This way You read a report about heavy traffic. Use phrases from the language box and some of the prompts to discuss in pairs how to reduce heavy traffic. ‘improve public transport system + less traffic on roads + start cycling * cleaner air Describing pictures [Em 100% atthe picture and complete the gaps with the words/phrases: toking photographs, amazed, wetsuit, ‘diver, is looking. «Listen and check. The picture shows v oe around a colourful coral reef. He is wearing a 2) end using breathing equipment. He 3). sea turtle. He is 4) Underwater camera. He must be feeling really to see such a beautiful creature yiant with an b) Now describe this picture to your partner. Use the phrases below. * The picture shows +The man is wearing + He is touching = The sea is + There's a(n) background. * The man seems to be in the v7(PL Writing bank 5p. was ) Rubric analysis Underline the key words in the rubric and answer the questions. ‘You have had a class discussion ‘about what can be done to stop the ilegal hunting of endangered species. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay providing Solutions to the problem. Write ‘your essay (120-160 words). Think about: ‘heavy fines, * products that come trom |__ endangered species. 1 What type of essay do you have to write? Who will ead it? 2 What style will you write it in? 3. Which of the following solutions ‘could go in your essay? With a partner, try to think of more solutions. A. employ rangers to protect the wildlife B persuade people to volunteer at local animal shelters © encourage people to see Wild animals in their natural habitats D_make sure people do not buy products that come from endangered species Model analysis Read the model and match the paragraphs (A-D) to their descriptions (1-4). [7 first solution with example and expected result [211] second solution with example and expected result (3) state the proviem [4 summarise the solutions Read again and complete the table with ideas from the essay. Ei Co Emo Writing an essay providing solutions www [Link] [E> According to World Witte Fund, nearly 25% ofall mammal species are under threat of extinction. Despite tha, there are stil people who illegally hunt endangered species. So what can we do to solve this problem? [E> One solution is to emplay patk rangers to protect the wildlife. For instance, they can patol the nature reserves and catch anyone hunting legally and impose heavy fines on them. wa do this, hunters may stop king endangered species. [o> Another solution iste stop people buying products that come from endangered species. For example, advertising campaigns can raise awareness of what people should not buy. As aresul, people «Wil not buy prods from endangered species so there wil be no ‘demand for them and no need to hunt them. [D> Tosumup, there are ways to stop legal hunting. It heavy ines are imposed for hunting illegally and people are educated, then endangered species can be saved. Uniess we stop legal hunting now, today's ‘endangered species wil be tomorton's museum exhibits Linkers B Replace the underlined phrases in the model with other phrases from the Useful Language box. B Choose the correct words/phrases. 7] 1) As a resultTo begin with, we need to take better care of the local environment. 2) For example/To sum up, we can plant more trees. 3) In particular/By doing this, there will be less carbon dioxide in the air we breathe. 4) One way tollt would be a good Idea to reduce hhomelessness is for local councils to provide sheltered ‘accommodation §) all n allisuch as hostels or bed & breakfasts, 6) All things considered/For instance, there are a lot of solutions to the problem of litter. We can provide more bins ‘and make people who liter the streets pay heavy fines. glComer Introducing solutions * To begin with, ../To start with, .. Firstly, Secondly, + One/Another solution/way (to ..) Paragraph structure [Gp rte sentences inthe main body paragraphs A & 8 in the correct order (1-3). B> C1 By doing this, rivers and 3.2 wil be less polluted. would be. Ci inpartcular, we can use environmentally-iendly products. |, ie cor ote biculd fought ‘One solution is to reduce the amount of chemicals we put OC + te would be a good/areat idea to Introducing examples/results For example, .../ For instance, ../ such as... lke . In particular, . © Asa result, By doing this, ./ In this way, ..F we do this, .. Concluding To sum up, down the sink. > [5] ttwe do tis, we can reduce the amount of dirty water that ends up in the seas and rivers. [Ly Another solution isto save and reuse water at home and at work For instance, we can tum off taps when we are not using thm and reuse bathwater inthe garden. b) The main body paragraphs A & B are solutions to: ZA in all, ..AII things 1 factories polluting the environment 2 landfills full of rubbish 3 water pollution | Main Body © Write a suitable introduction and conclusion for the (Para 2). frst solution tothe problem with ‘main body paragraphs in Ex. 6a. example & expected result Writing (Para 3) second solution fo the problem a) Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer ih example § expected e9t the questions. ‘You have had a cass discussion about heavy traffic in the city centre. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay providing solutions to the problem. Write your essay (120-160 words). Think about: * car-pooling * public transport system When you finish your piece of writing, 1 What kin of essy do younave to wit andinwhat sve? chckitfor teflon 2 What will you include in each parayrap «Is your essay set out clear in 3. How could you begin/end your essay” paragraphs? 44 Look at the notes. Which are solutions to the problem? Have you presented the problem in What examples/results can you think of for each? the frst paragraph? reduce the cost of public transport «Des each of your main body, ‘encourage people to carpoo! paragraphs have a clear solution? + Does each solution in your main more car parks ‘build more car parks in the city centre Raine Tee eeten improve the public transport system § expected result to support it? ‘encourage people to eysle into work § = Have you used linkers to link your ideas? + Listening for ideas + Have you summarised the solutions inthe conclusion? ‘Are there any grammar/spelling/ punctuation mistakes? b) (Listen to Lynne and Tom discussing the issue. What cexamplesiresults are given to support the solutions? B Write your essay, using the ideas from Ex. 7 and/or your ‘own ideas. Use phrases from the Useful Language box. Follow the plan. Culeutare5 pC) nglish. 7980 Language Multiple choice Read the text and choose the correct word (A,B, Cor) to fill in the gaps. What is the author's intention? FRubbich, and how wo chose 10 f) mmm i affets the environment and everthing 2)... us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things, We need a healthy environment for our heath, s0 we can 9) Why effective management of rubbish is important 4) ns N98 to leam about and practise the three Ris ~ reduce, reuse, and recycle — to make our word a safe and heathy place. Fitst, we must buy and use less and we should 8)... tems with minimal packaging. Second, we should reuse things as much as possible £8 8) os items on to ethers who ean use them when they are no longer of 7)... 10 us. Finally, we should recycle everything once its usefuiness is over so they can be mado iio new items. 8)... new items from recycled ones takes less energy and fewer resources than making products from brand-new materials. Just about anything that cannot be reused can be recycled to something 9)...» You'd be amazed what can be done with a recycled product! A recycied plastic bottle cean be made into hundreds of other plastic goods that {6 Ue USE T0110) nnn Yo 1 Addeal Bcope Chandi D aocopt 2 Aabout Baround C with —_D from 3 Aknow B understand C say D think 4 A Noone B Everything © Everyone D Someone 5 A decide B choose C adopt D prefer 6 Agive Bpass — C deliver D send 7 Aneed Bhelp C value D use 8 AUsing B Getting C Making D Building 9 Aother Bolse — C another D more 410 Amany Bruch Clots plenty www frenglish Word formation Read the text and for each gap 1-8 decide ‘word fits best. Homeless Being homeless means more than not having & lace to seep. It also means lesing contact with friends and MEANING CHARITY organisations for survival. There are 3) mmnsnnennnnine MASONS Why people end VARY ‘up iving onthe streets, but the 4) USE ‘reason is poverty, Some have been long-term 8) nen ‘of hospitals or prisons RESIDE ‘and on release nd they have nowhere to go. Others are people who have fost ther homes because of a 6) isastor. ‘Al these people need help trom their 0. ‘governments and their NATION community, Housing assistance, 8) FINANCE support and outreach programmes can help ‘many people to get ates start. NATURE Key word transformations 8a Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use two to five words. 1. "Would you like to come to the town meeting?” Kevin said to me. INVITED Kevin the town meeting 2 “What can | do to help the charity?” he asked. cout He asked en “to help the charity. 8. "Will you help me collect donations?" Paul asked me, WHETHER Paul asked me collect donations. 4 “Don't forget to take the recycling to the centre,’ Sue said to me. REMINDED Sue the recycling to the centre. 5 “Are you going to the cleanup on Saturday?” Lisa asked me. IF Lisa asked me to the clean-up on Saturday.Grammar choose the iter that best completes each sent 1 10 12 13 tence, Did he say ....... for missing the meeting? ‘A what was the reason B reason what it was, © what the reason was what the reasoning was “Have you seen Lyn lately?” “saw her .. along the road on my way home. A cycling © tocycling B tocycie D being cycling The beach nn not Wook A willbe cleaned Gis cleaned B being cleaned They... only two weeks to complete the project. ‘A have been giving © given B have been given have given D will cleaning We ....... Solar panels fitted on our house yesterday. A have B havehad © had lan admitted .. A to break B tohave broken D had had the vase © to breaking D tobreak “Have they taken the recycling yet?” "Yes, the recycling... yesterday.” A took © was taken B has been taken Dis taken | hope he ..... By Princeton university. A to accept © will accept B willbe accepted —-D_was accepting "Where have you been today?” ese: MY CaF repaired” A have © have had B will have D was having They are building a new sports centre in town.” Know. It... by the mayor next month.” A will be opened © iis opened B is being open D was opened We are having natural gas... at home nex! week. A be installed © installed B installing D tobe installed John is very practical. He does all his house FepRITS A hisselt B himself © his D byhim Alter... the House, she started on the garden. ‘A cleaned © she was cleaning B she had cleaned D she cleans Language Knowledge———! Vocabulary EW} choose the item that best completes each sentence. A We have t0 on. OUF bad habits and develop better new ones. A vary B change C revise D replace 2 Fiona called me last night in a A stress B fear C panic D terror 3 It's a waste of energy for streetlights to shine on see AS, A dead B emply C clear D blank 4 Light pollution can seriously willie, ‘A upset B change € touch affect 5 Nesting turtles on beaches can get... By the bright lights of seafront hotels, A disorganised © contused B lost D mixed 6 Everyone gets tired after a... of sleep. A need B ile © short D lack 7 Megat hunting can... to a species becoming endangered, A lead B result C take D end @ This weekend we're taking in a clean-up ‘campaign, A place B part G role pasition 9 We should all try to the environment of our city A prepare © attend B produce D improve 10 It Is our duty to wildlife and reduce our Impact on the natural worl, A keep —B guard © support D protect 11 If we don't a solution soon, the problem will affect everyone. A mest B note ¢ find 12. Light pollution at night can disrupt our sleep patterns. Ahold B keep C stay 1 Pollution has a serious one way or another. D come up U8 awake and D maintain ‘on everyone in A effect © result B end D conclusion 14° We must ...... awareness of the importance of ‘energy conservation to slow down global warming. A advance © increase B grow D developLanguage Focus Complete the sentences with the words given in the correct form. = cause + affect «result «lead 1 Thousands of people nave been by the drought. 2 The flooding wae. the ver bursting its banks. 3 Overtishing Wil msn certain species af fish dying out 4 Having too many cars on the roads to increased air pollution by “Tack + shoriage * need 5 Thee was a of clean drinking water in the vilage until a charity organisation helped build a second wel 6 I believe there is @ for a new law conceming the umber of cara one househald can own, 7 The region has a complete of recycling centres, Sentence transformations ‘Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1. He lives close to the park. He doesn’t live the park 2 “Why don't you join the clean- up day?" Paul said to Kate, Paul invited Kate to day. 3 We can participate in the projects. We are. participate in the projects. 4 We all should help conserve the environment. Each chould help conserve the environment. 5 “Tiljoin you in the environmental group," he said He said he Inthe environmental group. www [Link] Phrasal verbs & Prepositions a Choose the correct item. A ot of people lve invfon the streets. ‘The area was at/in complete darkness, Lack offtrom sloop can cause heart disease Tum away/otf the lights before you go. He marvallad withiat tha beauty af the area Please turn down/atter the music, I's to0 loud. Word formation B Fill the gaps with a word formed from the word in bold. ® Save the Children Save the Children is an international organisation that isnot tied to any 1) Ittakes GOVERN children’s rights very 2) cone and SERIOUS helps children in developing countries. It offers better 3) . and health care and EDUCATE provides emergency aid in 4) NATURE disasters and wars. After evens Involving large scale 5) such as the Haitian DESTROY earthquake and Japanese tsunami, they help 8) veveninrsenennnonennn Children and their famiies RESIDE rebuild their lives by doing whatever is ” IWalso works alongside the NECESSITY United Nations 8)... children in warzon Councilto help SECURE Pura Complete the gaps with the correct word. Then put the verbs/adjectives in brackets into the correct form. in 1889, the total American bison (buffalo) population Dy} snson (@stimate) to be 1,081. At this time, the US government 2) (take) steps to protect and increase the remaining heeds Taday, 9) frm curently arin hal a rilion, over 90 percent of 4) ae in commercial herds. Wid butfalo populations, though, only 8)... (occupy) ‘around 1 percent of ther former range. But the IUCN (international Union Conservation of Nature) hopes to increase the number of wild ‘ison and expand meir range. Tney 6) (recentiyipublish) a detailed plan 7) restoring bison to the plains of America. The plan said 8) opportunities eo) (create) to restore wid bison in effective herds across state, private and Native American lands in their orginal range. They 10) (take) every opportunity to create these buffalo ranges over the next 10 to 20 years.‘twasrit my usual holdey experience: standing onthe beach, geting ready to release a baby sea turtle no bigger than my hand. But that was how | spent my final night in Puerto Vala, Mexico. Dung my week there, had seen other tourists releasing the turtles inthe oarly evening, and as my stay came oan end, decided to jin in. | asked the hotel receptionist who the organiser was and she tod me that his name was Oscar Aranda, (Oscar runs Sociedad Ecolégica de Oceidente - a conservation project that brings tourists and residents together to save the sea turles of Puerta Valerta, These turtes are under threat from poachers. who want ther mest land. oggs. But Oscar and his volunteers collect the eggs and Reading Ef Read the text and decide which answer A.B, CorDis correct. 11 What does the writer say about his holiday in the first parayraph? ‘A He went there to help sea turtles, B He stayed there for a week. © He went there with a group of tourists. D He stayed at a seatront hotel What does the writer say about the residents of Puerto Vallarta? ‘A They do not want the sea turtles on the beach B They see the sea turtles as a tourist attraction © They join in and hain Oscar D They are a threat to the sea turtles. The tutes are released at a particular time in order to ‘A make their journey shorter. B stop them getting lost. © keep them away from careless tourists. D protect them from rough seas. Progress z Check {ake them to protected areas where they are alowed to hatch in safety. Then, within 24 hours, they are taken back fo the beach were toursis like me join in the conservation efor We listened t0 Oerar instructions, Ho told ue thet the turtles were released asthe sun goes down so the bright lights ofthe hotels end nightclubs dont stop them finding their way back to the sea. We stood a few metres from the sea's edge holding our one-day-old tunes carefully in both hands. Ata signal from Oscar, we gently placed them on the sand, stepped back and watched as they railed slomy int the see | watched unt my baby tule vanished beneath the waves. Back home, | sti thnk of the tny baby turtle and wonder where itis now. Did it make it tothe open sea? sit sate? Oscar Aranda has dedicate his life 1 saving the sea tures; | only gave a few minutes of my time, but those minutes wil stay with me fora Hetime 4 What does the writer conclude about his experience? ‘A He will never forget it. Ho would like to repeat it © Itchanged his opinion about sea turtles. D He is more interested in wildlife now. What is the writer doing in the text? A trying to raise awareness about an issue B explaining why he did something © describing a memorable experience D persuading others to do something (5x2=10) Barrette questions in your own words. 1 Why did the writer decide to help with the project? 2 Why are the sea turtles in danger? 3. How does the project help the baby turtles? (8x2=6)1 wow [Link] — Progress Speaking Listening ‘Complete the dialogue with: it would be a good idea, we G ould, one solution is to, | suppose you're right, By doing this. A: So what can we do about the problem of light pollution? ) Listen to four speakers talking about ways to save ‘water. Match the solutions (A-F) to what they have done. I 1 think that 4)... sevonee Goths, Some of them a ao bh Thee are two extra slutions A: 2). _ but we can't switch them off entiely. ‘A Maintaining the plumbing Bi: True, DUE 3) nn to switch off all the area ea lights in shop fronts and office blocks at night. B A friend of mine showed me ‘A: What other things ean we do? how to control the water | used. B: Well 4) snomnmnnrcsene SWitGh Off lights at home © Turning the tap off when when we aren't using them. §) water is not needed makes a ‘well reduve light pulluion and save more) ditferenes eH D Changing my evening habit Vocabulary helped a lot a Fill in: species, power, compaign, fossil, habitats, packaging, E A gift made me realise smog, solar energy, volunteers. | wasted water. 1. Alot of natural nn are at risk from Fr) sioaped Laiw neh wetes deforestation Speaker 1 2 We lit candies during the ensnessmnnnnns CU Speaker? 3 Alot of cars still US@ one fuels thal are harmful Speaker 3 to the environment. (Sematera |) ny 4 The local animal shelter needs more to help out Writing 5 Mitty to recycle as much as possible. Reed che (udetctehen urea 6 There's a documentary about endangered oe ores ‘on TV tonight. s 7. We've changed to low- bulbs that use less (You have had a dass discussion oloctricity about reducing water use and 8 Tom's panels provide enough electricity for pollution. Your teacher has asked his entre house. you to write an essay providing 9. An had trouble breathing because of the Soot touthelnensierne WY eg ee your essay (120-160 words) 10. My youth club has started a(n) to got people Think about: ing reduc Grammar Read the short dialogue and then report the direct (19 mark) speech in bold. (Totel=100) Emily: I'm volunteering at the homeless shelter tonight. Olver: Realy? I'l be there too. Creat Emiy: I didn't know you worked there. Olver: Oh yes. started last month and Igo every Saturday. tak about global issues Emiy: Great. We ean go together. | J+ tak about the environment tak about endangered species 1 Emily sad make suggestons/agree and cisagree 2. Olver told ppt nite an essay providing solutions to Atel problems 4 Olver said 5. Emily told 84