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Deflection Analysis for 9m Stringer

Q: Explain how the dead load versus total service load influences deflection prediction using historical deflection coefficients.

Dead load versus total service load influences deflection predictions through coefficients accounting for historical performance and elastic recovery. These coefficients (1.2 – 0.2(Mo/Ma)) adjust calculations, ensuring deflections remain within serviceable limits despite long-term influences .

Q: What adjustments are made for members continuous on one end when calculating effective moment of inertia (Ie)?

For members continuous on one end, the effective moment of inertia (Ie) is adjusted using a formula that combines their sectional cracking characteristics: Ie = 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2). This approach accounts for member end connections affecting stiffness distribution .

Q: Discuss the relationship between the dead load + live load deflection and its compliance with allowable limits?

The calculated deflection due to combined dead load and live load, ∆DL+LL, was 25.98 mm. Compared to the permissible deflection of 34.375 mm, the result shows compliance with structural guidelines .

Q: Describe the role of material properties and section dimensions in influencing the load capacity and deflection characteristics of beams.

Material properties (e.g., concrete strength f'c, steel yield Fy) and section dimensions (e.g., b, h, d) are pivotal in shaping a beam's load capacity and deflection uhf__. They directly impact the modulus of elasticity, moment of inertia, and stress distribution, essential for safe structural performance .

Q: Explain the method for checking the immediate deflection of a beam subjected to dead load and how the result is deemed satisfactory.

The immediate deflection due to dead load is calculated using the formula ∆DL = (w*l^4)/(185*EIe). For w = 36.46 kN/m, l = 8250 mm, E = 21538.11 MPa, Ie = 1.96 x 10^9 mm^4, the deflection ∆DL was calculated as 22.31 mm. This result is compared against an allowable deflection (∆allowable = l/240 = 34.375 mm) and found to be satisfactory .

Q: How does the sustained load affect the deflection, and what is the calculated sustained deflection at different time frames?

The sustained load affects the deflection over time, showing increases due to creep and shrinkage. For example, at 60 months (5 years), the sustained deflection due to sustained load was calculated to be 9.82 mm, with earlier compensations at 6.87 mm for 12 months and 5.89 mm for 6 months. Each was within allowable limits .

Q: What is the significance of the compression block in the context of the designed beam, and what was the concluded neutral axis 'c' value?

The compression block is significant as it helps assess the beam's capacity under bending. The value 'c' represents the distance from the top to the neutral axis. For the compressive block calculation, 'c' was determined to be 154.62 mm .

Q: How does the theory of structures application aid in verifying compliance of deflection values, specifically with respect to live load impacts?

The theory of structures application helps verify deflection values by ensuring calculations under code commentary predictions remain less than maximum permissible values (e.g., I/360 for live load impacts). Verified deflection under live loads was calculated as 3.67 mm, confirming adequacy against allowable limits .

Q: How is the modulus of elasticity for concrete calculated, and what value was determined for the concrete in the given scenario?

The modulus of elasticity for concrete is calculated using the formula Ec = 4700√f'c. In the given scenario, with f'c = 21 MPa, this results in Ec = 4700 * √21 = 21538.11 MPa .

Q: What is the calculated cracking moment (Mcr) for the beam, and how does it relate to the modulus of rupture (Fr)?

The cracking moment (Mcr) is calculated using the formula Mcr = Fr * Ig / Yt, where Fr = 0.62λ√f'c. With Fr = 0.62 x 1 x √21 = 2.84 MPa, Ig = 3.125 x 10^9 mm^4, and Yt = 500 mm, Mcr equals 35.51 kN-m .

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9 views6 pages

Deflection Analysis for 9m Stringer

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joshua tamayo

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DEFLECTION @9M (STRINGER)

Design Parameters

F’c= 21 MPa
Fy= 228Mpa
b=300 mm
h= 500 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 440 mm
𝑙n= 9 m
∅b= 20 mm ∅
∅s = 10 mm ∅
𝛿c= 24 kN/m
Ts= 100 mm
TRIBUTARY WIDTH TW=2.5M
Wd= 5.10 kPa
Wwall= 2.5 (3.2 - 0.50) = 6.75 kN/m
Wbeam= 24 (0.30) (0.40) = 2.88 kN/m
Wslab = 2.4 kPa

Wd= (5.10*2.5) + 6.75 + 2.88 = 22.38 kN/m

Wl= 2.4 * 2.5 = 6 kN/M

1
+Mu = 14 𝑥 38.01 𝑥 9.002 = 219.92 Kn-M

Mu < ∅Mn
𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
Mu = Asfy (d- 𝑠 ) = ∅Asfy (d-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑥 𝑏)

𝐴𝑠 𝑥 228
219.92 x106 = 0.9 x As x 228 (440 - 2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 21 𝑥 300 )

As = 2820.71 mm2
𝐴𝑠 2820.71
N = 𝜋 (20)2 = N = 𝜋
(20)2
= 8.97 ≈ 10 pcs --- Bottom Bars @Midspan
4 4

10
Ntop = = 5 pcs Top bar Mid span
2

Es= 200 000 MPa

Ec= 4700√f′c = 4700 * √21 = 21538.11 MPa

𝐸𝑠 200000
N= 𝐸𝑐 = 21538.11 = 9.23 say 10 PCS
1 1
Ig = 𝑏ℎ2 = x 300 x 5003 = 3.125 x 109 mm4
12 12
Fr= 0.62λ √𝑓𝑐′ = 0.62 x 1 x √21 = 2.84 Mpa → MODULUS OF RUPTURE
𝑓𝑟𝐼𝑔 2.84 𝑥 3.125 𝑥 109
Mcr= = 500 x 10-6 = 35.51 kN-m
𝑌𝑡
2

𝜋
nAs = 10 x 4 x 4 x 202 = 4000π mm2
𝜋
(2n-1) A’s = (2 x 10-1) x 2 x 4 x 202 = 3800π mm2

CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR

COMPRESSIVE BLOCK (SUMMATION OF MOMENT ABOUT THE NEUTRAL AXIS=0) | 𝜮MNA= 0)

1 1
𝑏𝑐2 = nAs(d-c) = 2 𝑥 300 𝑥 𝑐 2 = 4000π (440-c) ---- c = 154.62 mm
2

CRACK MOMENT INERTIA

1 1
Icr = 3 𝑏𝑐 3 + nAs(d-c)2 = 3 𝑥 300 𝑥154.623 + 4000π (440-154.62)2 = 1.39 x 109 mm4

Wd= 22.38 kN/m

Wd+l= 22.38 + 6 = 28.38 kN/m

Wl= 7.2 kN/m
1
MD+ = 14 x 22.38 x 9.002 = 129.50 kN-m
1
MD+ = x 28.38x 9.002= 164.20 kN-m
14

1
MD+ = 14 x 6 x 9.002= 34.75 kN-m
1
MD- = 10 𝑥 22.38 x 9.002= 181.30 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 28.38 x 9.002= 230.00 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 6 x 9.002= 48.6kN-m

***NOTE THAT LIVE LOAD MOMENTS ARE LESS THAN CRACKING MOMENT ∴IE=IG

Wsustained = d + 0.3l = 22.38 + 0.3 x 6 = 24.18 kN/m

Wsustained = 24.18 kN/m

1
MD+ = 14 x 24.18 x 9.002= 140.00 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 24.18 x 9.002= 196.87 kN-m
CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR

Wu= 1.2(22.38) + 1.6 (6) = 36.46 kN/m

1
-Mu= 14 x 36.46 x 9.002= 210.95 kN-m

Mu≤∅Mn
𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
Mu = ∅Asfy(d-2 ) = ∅Asfy(d-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑥 𝑏 )

𝐴𝑠 𝑥 228
210.95 x 106= 0.9xAs x 228 x (440-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 21 𝑥 300 ) =

As = 2685.30 mm2
𝐴𝑠 2685.30
N= 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 8.54 ≈ 10 pcs – Top Bar MidSpan
𝑥 ∅2 𝑥 202
4 4

10
N= = 5pcs – Bottom Bar MidSpan
2
𝜋
nAs = 10 x 5 x 4 x 202 = 5000𝜋 mm2
𝜋
(2n-1) A’s = (2 x 10-1) x 3 x 4 x 202 = 5700π mm2

CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR

COMPRESSIVE BLOCK (SUMMATION OF MOMENT ABOUT THE NEUTRAL AXIS=0) | 𝜮MNA= 0)

1 1
𝑏𝑐2 = nAs(d-c) = 2 𝑥 300 𝑥 𝑐 2 = 5000π (440-c) ---- c = 168.59 mm
2

CRACK MOMENT INERTIA

1 1
Icr = 3 𝑏𝑐 3 + nAs(d-c)2 = 3 𝑥 300 𝑥168.59 + 5000π (440-168.59)2 = 1.57 x 109 mm4

DEAD LOAD
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END

SERVICEABILITY (STRINGER)

FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END

CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR

𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟 2
Ie = ( 𝑀𝑎 )2 Ig + (1 - ) Icr > Ig
𝑀𝑎

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD

35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = (65.91 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (65.91) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.73 x 109 mm4
35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (92.28 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (92.28) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.57 x 109 mm4

FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END

Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)

Ie= 0.85 x 1.73 x 109 + 0.15 x 1.57 x 109 = 1.71 x 109 mm4 < Ig

LIVE LOAD
35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = (14.175 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (14.175) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 2.73 x 109 mm4
35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (19.85 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (19.85) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.09 x 109 mm4

FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END

Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)

Ie= 0.85 * 2.73 x 109 + 0.15 * 1.09 x 109 = 2.49 x 1010 mm4 > Ig

Ie= Ig

SUSTAINED LOADS (DEAD LOAD + 0.3LIVE LOAD)

35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = ( ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – ( ) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.90 x 109 mm4
56 56

35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (78.39 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (78.39) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.63 x 109 mm4
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END

Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)

Ie= 0.85 * 1.90 x 109 + 0.15 * 1.63 x 109 = 1.86 x 109 mm4 < Ig

IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION | THEORY OF STRUCURES APPLICATIONS

DEAD LOAD 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 36.46(8250)4
∆DL = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.96𝑥109 = 22.31mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 42.46(8250)4
∆DL+LL = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.71𝑥109 = 25.98mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒
LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 360 = 360 = 22.92 𝑚𝑚
∆LL = 𝛥𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿- 𝛥𝐷𝐿 =25.98 –22.31 = 3.67mm
REMARKS = OK! GOOD!

SUSTAINED LOAD (DL +0.3LL) 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 24.18(8250)4
∆𝑆𝑈𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐼𝑁𝐸D = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.86𝑥109 = 15.1mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
5𝐾𝑀𝑎𝑙2 5 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 65.91 𝑥 106 𝑥 82502
∆DL+LL = = = 10.78 mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
48𝐸𝐼𝑒 48 𝑥 21538.11 𝑥 1.71 𝑥 109

LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 360 = 360 = 22.92 𝑚𝑚
∆LL = ∆DL+LL - ∆DL = 10.78 – 7.39 = 3.39 mm
REMARKS = OK! GOOD!

SUSTAINED LOAD (DL + 0.3LL) 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
5𝐾𝑀𝑎𝑙2 5 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 56 𝑥 106 𝑥 82502
∆𝑆𝑈𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐼𝑁𝐸D = = = 8.42 mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
48𝐸𝐼𝑒 48 𝑥 21538.11 𝑥 1.86 𝑥 109

LONG TERM DEFLECTION | DUE TO CREEP AND SHRINKAGE

𝜋
𝐴𝑆′ 6𝑥 𝑥 202
P’ = = 4
= 0.01428
𝑏𝑑 300 𝑥 440

∆I −𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 8.42 mm

𝜀
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I
SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @60 MONTHS | 5 YEARS 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀=2
𝜀 2 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = ∆
′ I=
x 8.42 = 9.82 mm
1+50 𝑝 1+50 𝑥 0.01428

SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @12 MONTHS | 1 YEARS 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀 = 1.4
𝜀 1.4 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 6.87 mm

SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @6 MONTHS | 0.5 YEARS 𝐼 8250

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀 = 1.2
𝜀 1.2 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 5.89 mm

SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @6 MONTHS | 0.5 YEARS 𝐼

∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e =
8250
= = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
240 240
𝜀=1
𝜀 1 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 4.92 mm

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