Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

Image Source: [Link]

MIDTERM PERIOD
Module 2
Work Values and Ethics Observed in the
Workplace

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

 Understanding of occupational environments

 Identifying work preferences and interests
 Assimilation of work and personal decorum and etiquette in the
workplace 1|Page
 Familiarization of legal policies and labor laws in the workplace
highlighting the rules and regulations from the aviation industry
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. READING MATERIALS Page
No.
1. Work/occupational environment 3

2. Types of work/occupational 3
environment

3. Identifying a suitable 5
occupational environment

4. Work Preferences and interests 4

5. Work ethics 5

6. Labor Laws and the Labor code of 8

the Philippines

B. QUIZ 10
C. REFERENCES 10
D. RUBRICS 11

What is an occupational/work environment?

A work environment is the setting, social features and physical conditions in which you
perform your job. These elements can impact feelings of wellbeing, workplace
relationships, collaboration, efficiency and employee health. Here are the significant
aspects of a work environment:
 Physical environment: This element is made up of the size, layout and location
of a workplace, whether work is conducted indoors or outdoors, the facilities
offered in a workplace and the furnishings used while working.
 Company culture: This element refers to the way a company and its employees
operate, including what effective communication looks like between different

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

levels of staff, employees’ perspective of company leaders, the company’s goals

and what the organization values.
 Working conditions: This element includes the formal terms under which staff
members are hired, such as the rate of pay, contract of employment and length of
the workday. It can also cover recreational activities and other initiatives to
promote a healthy workplace.

Types of work environments

There are many different types of work environments that include a combination of
physical components, company culture and working conditions. What elements make
for the best type of work environments depend on an organization’s industry and age,
the number of and types of employees, and the ideal environment the organization
wants to cultivate.
According to the Holland theory of personality and job compatibility, some environments
may be a better match for certain personalities. When considering a work environment,
discover the characteristics and values of your personality type to find one that best
suits you. Personality-based work environments include:
 Realistic
 Investigative
 Artistic
 Social
 Enterprising
 Conventional

How to identify a suitable work environment

During your job search, consider evaluating prospective employers to find a comfortable
work environment that promotes your productivity, efficiency and success. Use the
following tips to discover ways to identify work environment elements:
1. Read the job description carefully.
2. Research the company online.
3. Ask questions at the interview.
4. Visit your workplace.
5. Ask contacts who work at the company.
6. Read online reviews.
7. Read through your employment contract and introductory documents.
8. Ask questions if you have any outstanding concerns.

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

Source:
[Link]
environments#:~:text=A%20work%20environment%20is%20the,collaboration%2C
%20efficiency%20and%20employee%20health.

Workplace ethics

Workplace ethics refers to the way employees in an organization govern themselves

and their overall work attitude, but it can also refer to the morality, or lack thereof,
permeating a workplace.

The way a company operates and is perceived by both the public and competitors often
comes down to the workplace ethics. A truly ethical workplace should model ethical
behavior from the top down, and from the inside out. Workplace ethics are reflected in
how organizations treat their suppliers and customers, how they interact with others,
how they perform their tasks, and how they communicate both internally and externally.

The Role of Workplace Ethics

Ethical lapses of any kind have the tendency to snowball in a work environment. Once
employees see others breaking the rules without repercussions, they may start to think
it’s excusable for them to do so as well. It sends the message that not only will the
behavior go unaddressed, it communicates that it’s acceptable. Worse case, they may
view the company in a negative light and choose to leave. Essentially, a culture where

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

misconduct is tolerated could result in higher turnover, lower productivity, and

ultimately, a diminished reputation and profitability.

An organization that does not consistently combat unethical behaviors will always
suffer, even if the wrongdoings in question aren’t considered to be major by most
people’s judgment. Unethical behavior that goes on without being reprimanded
undermines the moral fabric of an organization, leading to larger problems than the
unethical issue in question.

The Role of Work Ethic

Managerial style can work to improve an employee’s work ethic by establishing systems
and habits for accomplishing tasks efficiently and interacting effectively in the
workplace. By inspiring and even rewarding ethical behavior in the individual efforts of
employees, an organization can ensure that ethical conduct permeates all levels of the
organization and reaches the public’s perception of the company.

The 8 central characteristics of strong employee work ethic are:

1. Punctuality
2. Accountability
3. Focus
4. Initiative
5. Productivity
6. Professionalism
7. Dedication
8. Desire to Improve

Workplace Ethics: Examples

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

Companies should always have an employee code of conduct available, so all members
of an organization can have a clear understanding on where the company stands on
different ethical matters. If some unethical behaviors to some may seem harmless and
go unaddressed, it will speak a lot to both the individual’s character and the tolerance of
misconduct by the organization.

Some of the most common examples of workplace ethical lapses fall under the following
categories:

 Preferential Treatment
 Gossiping
 Dishonesty
 Selfishness

The Value of Strong Workplace Ethics

Ethics are the guiding principles that determine how employees conduct themselves in
the workplace. While ethics and workplace behavior have always been at the forefront
of organizational efforts, there are still issues that occur today regarding ethical lapses
in corporate conduct and judgment.

Starting internally by promoting honest, hardworking employees in a workplace culture

driven by productivity and a strong work ethic, employees are likely to use those driving
principles of decency and fairness to increase overall company morale, ultimately
improving an organization’s reputation and ensuring long-term success. Understanding
the elements and challenges of workplace ethics and behavior can help companies to
create harmonious working environments for their employees.

Source:
[Link]
Labor Laws and Legal Policies in Workplace

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

 Labor laws are protections and safeguards to help ensure employees are safe
and protected in the workplace.
 Many labor laws and regulations are mandated by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, which enforces safe and healthy working conditions.
 Failure to follow labor laws can result in financial penalties and lawsuits.

The Labor Code of the Philippines

The Labor Code of the Philippines stands as the law governing employment
practices and labor relations in the Philippines. It was enacted on Labor day of 1974 by
President Ferdinand Marcos, in the exercise of his then extant legislative powers. It
prescribes the rules for hiring and termination of private employees; the conditions of
work including maximum work hours and overtime; employee benefits such as holiday
pay, thirteenth month pay and retirement pay; and the guidelines in the organization and
membership in labor unions as well as in collective [Link] 11, 2020y The GPS
Team in Global Compliance

The Labor Code of the Philippines is a legal code that determines all
employment practices and labor relations in the Philippines. This is to help protect
employees and employers- while ensuring that neither is subject to unfair treatment
or exploitation.

Below are sets of rules that make up the Labor Code:

 Working Hours in the Philippine

 Employees Exempt from Completing Working Hours

Article 82 of the Labor Code states that employees under all

establishments and undertakings need to complete a certain set of working
hours, except:

 Government employees
 Managerial employees
 Field personnel
 Family members of the employer who are dependent for support
 Domestic help
 Individuals who provide personal service to others
 Workers given wages/salary based on the Secretary of Labor regulations

 Meal Times

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

 Night Shift
 Rules for Overtime Work
 Rules for Under-time Work
 Leaves

In summary, the Labor Code of the Philippines ensures that no worker is

abused while giving authority to employers to assign overtime work or work on
holidays as long as they pay the wages stated by the law.

Source:

[Link]

REFERENCES
Course Syllabus version 1.01 – SY 2020-2021 – First Semester
Student Handbook 2010 rev.

ONLINE:
 [Link]
environments#:~:text=A%20work%20environment%20is%20the,collaboration%2C
%20efficiency%20and%20employee%20health.

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]
%20Code%20of%20the,labor%20relations%20in%20the%20Philippines.&text=It
%20prohibits%20termination%20from%20employment,to%20284%20of%20the%20Code.

 [Link]

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

1. Activity Title: “What Would You Do? – Workplace Ethical Dilemmas”

Modality: Group Activity (4–6 members)

Instructions:
In your group, carefully read and reflect on the three workplace ethical dilemmas below. Together,
discuss and decide how your group would respond to each situation. Assign one member to summarize
your group’s answers and reasoning.
For each scenario:
1. State your group’s decision.

2. Explain your justification.

3. Mention any values, professional standards, or personal beliefs that guided your decision.

You may write your responses in English, Tagalog, or a mix of both. Be honest, respectful, and thoughtful
in your discussion.
Ethical Dilemmas:
1. Sneaking Out for a Family Event
Your co-worker asks you to cover for him so he can leave work early to attend his son’s
basketball game.

Will you agree or keep silent? Why or why not?

2. Romance in the Workplace
Your company has a strict policy against co-workers being romantically involved. You start to
develop feelings for someone from another department whom you see at church.

Will you pursue the relationship? Why or why not?

3. Overheard Layoff News
While in the restroom, you overhear your boss saying that Bob, a good friend of yours, will be
laid off in two weeks.

Will you tell Bob what you heard? Why or why not?
Output:
Submit a written group reflection (1–2 pages), including all three answers and explanations.
Rubric: Workplace Ethical Dilemmas Group Reflection
Criteria Excellent (98–100%) Good (90–97%) Fair (80–89%) Needs

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 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Semester, A.Y 2025–2026

Improvement
(75–79%)

Clarity & Responses are well- Mostly clear and Some responses are Disorganized and
Organization organized, clear, and organized, with unclear or hard to follow;
(30%) easy to follow. minor lapses in disorganized but still lacks structure.
Answers are flow or structure. understandable.
presented logically
and cohesively.

Depth of Demonstrates deep Shows good Reasoning is present Justifications are

Reasoning understanding of understanding; but lacks detail or weak, missing, or
(40%) ethical issues with justifications are depth. overly simplistic.
strong justifications mostly solid and
and thoughtful relevant.
insight.

Collaboration Evident group effort; Most members Limited signs of Little to no

& Contribution all members contributed; some collaboration; most evidence of
(30%) participated and uneven of the work done by collaboration;
contributed participation. few members. minimal group
meaningfully. effort.

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