Riano Bodi whirl distance between

A body in
any two pastilles
always remains finedis called a rigid body
ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE

Let a particle P be moving

of mass m
with a velocity I in spare Further
let 5 be its position rector wrt
some origin O then we define its

R
angular momentum about point O

E
LT
5

E
5 5 Tx mi

H
SS
P the linear momentum
C
when is SI
f Ma
Y
the i e
of particle
PH

Thus
E

Lo hmu fink 9 MU
TH

MSL
/@

to 5 and
when r is component
get t It component
M

is

of T
O

t to t
.C
E
B

TORQUE AS TIME DERIVATIVE OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

TU

Imides a point mais at position F

U
O

relative to a fined origin The time derivative

Y

of angular momentum T I xp in
p

txt
if dExitsxatilat
Tx milt 5 5
o Tx F where I is the net force
acting on the particle Now we define
tongue on a particle as I Txt then our relation between
AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 tongue and angular momentum becomes

Is dioldt on in simple words net torque of all th fore

acting on a particle about some find point O is equal to

rate of change of angular momentum about the same points
In case point fined in some non
0 is a inertial frame we also need
to insider tongue of pseudo fonies

R
NET TORQUE OF INTERNAL FORCES

E
LT
ht and be two particles in a system

E
of particles having position verton 5 and

H
SS
I wnt some origin Further let F be the te
fonte on particle i due to particle and let
C É
SI
e
Y

FT he force on particle 7 due to particle

PH

o
I then F F and both the
E

fontes ait along the line joining the particle allonding to

TH

Newton's third law Now the of the tongue of the action

/@

sum
reaction pain about o becomes
M
O

Ip Tx FT txt
.C
E

It E xF
B

Ip text F sixth
TU
U

Ip Mx F Fi
O

but it and are collinear by

Y

Newton's third law Thus the cross product must be zero

Similarly summation tongues all internalforce actin
g of
reaction pains in zero therefore if we have a system
g
particle then met torque on the system of particles is same
as net torque external fortes on the system sum
of
of internal torque is Zen
of torque of internalforces
Summation in
any system of
AMBARISH SIR
particle is zero
[Link] [Link]
 ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND TORQUE ON A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES

Angular momentum for a system of particles is

simply the summation of angular momenta
individual particles Thus
of its
T EST XP now differentiating
this we set
gf sixth

R
E
LT
Effxti sixth

E
H
SS
Efx mit t E f x Fent F
int
lint Intend
C ent External
SI
EFX F
int
But
Y
o As shown in last section thus
PH

for a system of particles

E
TH

tent
/@
M
O
.C

TORQUE ABOUT An Axis

E
B

set a be some anis along a unit

TU

vector in and let O be some point n

U
O

on the anic A Then we define

Y

tongue of force F about anic a as

p
I XE ni n thus

vector component of torque about

point O along the anic in the
tongue about the anic i e

I E 2 n AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 One might think that this definition
of torque about an anis is ambiguous
because there are infinite number of
points on an anil and one could
these points
choose
any of for
defining
tongue about the anil however we will
show that we willget the same result
choice point
get
irrespective
of g A
hit us choose another O
point on

R
for defining torque about the avi

E
LT
then
If xp mn

E
z

H
SS
C
and using distributive
Now subtracting from dot
g
SI properties
Y
and inoss produits
PH
E

I 5 15 5 5 2 in Exit a
TH

n
/@

Now recognize the OT is along the ani the of XF is

M

I to in and hence IoT x Ft i o thus

O

É E o
.C

It does not matter which point on the anis to define

E

we choose
B

torque about the anic

TU
U
O

VARIunon's THEOREM
Y

If several forces are acting at a

point then their net torque can
be found by simply taking the
tongue of their resultant Conversely
tongue of a force is equal to sum a

of tongues of it romponents
This tan be seen readily as

txt TXT Txt

Tx if Ftr
i
Distributive property
gems product
AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 TORQUES OF INTERESTING AND PARALLEL FORCES ABOUT AN AXIS
If a
forte is parallel to unis on
an
its line of action passes through theanis
then it produce zero tongue about the
unis For instance in adjacentfigure
tip
the tone I intersect will the anic
A Now to find the tongue we
could choose
point O as the intersection
O
point itself Thus 5 and I are

R
soinnident and hence FYI becomes

E
LT
zero Similarly consider fonie P

E
which is 11 to A clearly the
for

H
anic

SS
figure we tan see that Spx P is perpenditulas to A C Fi
11 to 5 Thu [Link] 5 C
0 Thus SI
Y
PH

Interesting and parallel forces for components

of forces
E

torque about an anis

TH

produce no
/@

Any Arbitrary forceFailing in 3D space be resolved

M

can
O

in to 3 component wnt any arbitrary anic a

.C

1 Parallel F
E
B

2 Interseiting Perpendicular
TU

3 Skew Perpendicular
U
O

For instance suppose we want to find tongue

Y

due to tension of the table acting at pointA

about Zani's then a component tension
of
will be intensesting I 3 component will bell
and
y component will be shewthe t Thus
we only need to find torque of y
component ofthe force

If he is the perpendicular distance of line of action of a shrew 1

force then it tongue magnitude is simply IF
AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 For instance in adjacent figure the
tongue is simply e Fd the force is
already shew t so no need to
resolve it in to components There are
no 11 and intersecting lompment
here

Example In the adjacent figure point

A is being pulled by a tension T as

R
shown And the tongue of this force

E
LT
about Janis

E
H
SS
Solution If we want we could do
ton XI K k but it will be C
SI
Y
a bit cumbersome So to
simplify our
PH

tach we will simply take the tongue of

E

shew t
TH

component i e y component
Thus
of T Ty 5
/@

tyg
M

di
O

thus required tongue X TT Tbd Anc

.C

Fbi
E
B
TU

Example For the situation shown in the

U
O

adjacent figure find the torque of the tension

Y

T about 3 anil
Solution Here n component is the skew 1
component Thus the require torque
Sj x tox 13 i
1,2mg
x

84.9k Nm f k Ans

flametimes Joule is also taken as a unit of torquil AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 TORQUE AS A SIGNED SCALAR

Even though tongue is a venton

for problems
only in two dimensions
involving fonies
we may treat it as a signed scalar
In the plane of th pase torque of
P
any force about any point may be
considered as either ilothwice on
anti clockwise we can see this by
imagining a stink pivoted at point

R
about which we are finding the torque with other end at point

E
LT
of application of force Now visualise the effectof the force on this

E
pivoted stich For instance in the figure shown above the torque

H
SS
anticlockwise as the
can be seen by imagining
Shih OP pink If clothwise torques are assumed to be C
SI
positive then anti clockwise tongues must be considered negative
Y
PH
E

MAGNITUDE OF TORQUE Recall that the torque

TH

F1
F txt thus using definition of Ines
/@

Nd
product I OF find now if we resolve
i'EEF
M
O

F in to romponents 11 and I to n we
.C

recognize that Ftino is nothing but o

E

F
B

component of t to F Thus we can

TU

also write t ME or simply

U

F
O
Y

distanie time perpendicular force Alternatively

we could also resolve 5 in to component 11
yo
and I to f and we relognize that I
M 9 find thus I MFfind Fr find
g
oooo
there another way of writing
Fly
tongue is t Fat on simply g

Tongue is Fonte time perpendicular distance

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A STILL RIGID BODY
Recall that we showed for
any system
of pastille that F dildt Now
if a rigid body is still I both
velocity and acceleration is zero for
every particle then its angular
momentum is constantly jus
about every point of the frame
from which it appears still Thus

R
rate of g its
angular

E
change

LT
momentum is zero and hence torque about every point
of theframe

E
from whist the rigid body appears still must be zero Thusfor

H
SS
equilibrium a still body
of
C
SI
Fent
Y
E Ten 0 also O Ent Internal
PH
E
TH

In the frame from which rigid body appears to be still

/@

case
is non inertial fame then also need to insides the
M

a we
O

tongue of pseudo forces

.C

in body appears to be moving in pure

some frame rigid
E

If
B

translation with uniform velocity then in such a fame also

TU

net torque must be zero because angular momentum remains

U
O

constant although non zero

Y

COUPLE

Two equal and opposite

forces ailing on a rigid
bodyform a louple
The net torque
g a f
couple is independent
of point about which g Oz
tongue is being considered AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
This can be easily seen as follows Consider the
force F and F
acting on a dis having position vectors 5 and's wat
some arbitrary point O Then met torque about 0

A F x Ft Tx F I G XF 3 xI
now I is simply position reston of wet which is
independent of choice
of point o Thus net torqueof a
couple is same about every point OED
Torque is also talled moment hence the symbol at

R
E
LT
Example The uniform 15m pole has a

E
mace of Iso andkg against is supported

H
SS
its smooth ends by vertical wall and
C
tension T Find the reactions at A and B SI
Y

P
PH

mg
a couple Now let the reactions at A and
E

Balancing tongues about

TH

B be N east
point Pis
/@

1500 x 7 5 5 637 NX 158m37 N 10 2.5

4
M
O
.C
E
B
TU

CONCURRENT THEOREM
If a body is in equilibrium under action
U
O

of three force then the three forces must be concurrent

Y

on parallel i e concurrence at D This can be proven very

lines of action two forces interest at some
easily Suppose g
point then tongue of those two foxes will bezero about that
point Now if third force does not pass through that pointthen
it torque will be non zero thus producing a non zero resultant
torque

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 EXAMPLE PATHFINDER Meds

R
E
A B

LT
E
H
SS
C
SI
Y
PH
E
TH

Solution As the mass of P is gradually increased there will be a

/@

point when the night nope in just taut lie to At this

M
O

point tension in the left rope is T 7 sont Mpxg Now

.C

balancing torque about P

E
B

750 0.5 2.25 0.75 so Mpg x 2.25 0.75

TU

Mp 12 Skg at this point I

then 750 125 875 N C 1200N
U
O

thus option A is comet also C is inert

Y

Now consider tongue about contait point of right rope will beam
As P is made heavier its clockwise tongue increase therefore
tension in the left string must decrease and tension in the
night string must increase due to force balance For beam to remain
Horizontal tension in the left string should be greater than zero
zero in limiting case Now balanting tongue about point B in
limiting lase will 12 0 L left string Mpgx 0.75 750 7 75
Mp 275 Kg But this makes 1 275 775 10 i e 3 soon
whish is more than the maximum allowable g 1200N AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Now let the other possibility 120 n enaitly
g tr
us consider

Now balancingtorque about point A 750 0.5 120 2.25 Mpgx3

Mp 102 S kg Thu maximum value of P can be 102.5 lls
Thus B is lowest Comet options A B C

EXAMPLE PATHFINDER MIO G

R
E
LT
E
H
SS
Let AD be the median of the Lamina
Solution A
By similar triangles IFD and BEF we ran see that C
SI
Y
Perpendicular distances of the and B
vertices
PH

from the median are equal Ali tentroid

g
E

E
the Lamine em lies on the median
TH

u l
Thee balanting tongue about the median
/@

C B
1
pl
T xl Text Ii Both are shew t l
M
O

other medians we
I t similarly using f
.C

Imilude that ta i e option Id Am

E

ta T
B
TU

EXAMPLE PATHFINDER BUILD 19

U
O
Y

Solution The lylinder is in equilibrium under aition of threefine

ie its weight and the two intuit forces from the planks
The cylinder has a downward slipping tendency therefore the tuition
force ait upwards along the blanket AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Now applying Lami theorem to the
cylinder limitingequilibrium
F F
F 183 210Pst
Ml Top
Test o too Pil
793 0 10 10s Ps
r
F mg 28in to 0

mg
Also Balaning torques about first
mg
for the left flank

R
Flops xml f find F My Sino

E
Mg

LT
27 lots

E
Also tano 9
yl from 420

H
SS
C
M M Sind SI
[Link]
finks 01 Map
Y
PH
E

Sink 60 hot find

TH

[Link]
be
/@

Sino YM
M

Mao M
tanOtMm­Mfind6rO­sno
O

[Link]
.C

the Go
E

say 71m
B
TU
U
O

o
M t
a fatty'd
Y

Ge re

This is considering limiting equilibrium Thus

170.9 An

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 EXAMPLE PATHFINDER BUILD20

Solution Due to left night symmetry the N a

hinge reaction must be horizontal F
a lg
Alis the plates are in equilibrium
P
under action three forces therefore
g

R
a
the three forces must be monument 9

E
o

LT
Now AC 12 lml Also

E
my

H
SS
Now AN find AO Coto
I store Coto
C
SI
Y
Thus
PH

find shoe Ohta fin'd

I 21 L
E

Cord
TH
/@

28m30 60 0 find
M

Putting n
O

2n Anz
.C

4ns I put my
E

n o
B

hey t y 1 0
TU

ay 1 ay t y 1 0 3 4 42 fin'd Y
U
O

0 45 Am
Y

EXAMPLE

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Solution avoid toppling centre of mass of the overhanging
T
portion at
any level must be within edge of the previous
blank otherwise toppling will happen due to tongue
J gravity
Thus relative overhang
of top blah must bet
Now
if relative overhang of lower blah inn
Then making combine em coordinate wnt
table edge equal to zero limiting last 42

M n t m In 421 0

R
N 44 Total achievable overhang

E
LT
S 44 112 344 An IC

E
H
SS
EXAMPLE A bon of mass M height
hand with l is being pushed by C
SI
Y
a force as shown in the figure
PH

Where does the normal reaction art

E

if the bon is not toppling For

TH

what manimum value of F does th bon

/@

not topple
M
O

Solution Aiceleration
of the ban is FIM
.C

The bon appears to be in equilibrium

E
B

from its fame we must

TU

own

apply a pseudo force Fp at it

U
O

CM where Fp Ma F
ME
Y

Now by vertilal force balance

N Mg It the normal reaitionart
at a distant u from the front
edge Balaning torques aboutfront edge

Fh t Nn Fh t Mgm
My ft Mat Msft Ft
Am
n
f
AMBARISH SIR
Eng
[Link] [Link]
 Now at the verge of toppling entire normal reaction must get
shifted to C then n o

F Msl f
Caution Remember to apply pseudo force before writing tongue balance
equations After applying pseudo force in the rest frame of the
can balance tongue about
body we
any point
Sini for a translationally allelinated body pseudsforte is applied at
m so it creates
jus tongue about im Thus if we will to make

R
tongue equation about em still balanie the tongue
of real forces

E
we can

LT
Provided there is only translational acceleration

E
Toppling Us SLIPPING

H
SS
This is a category problems in
of
C
whish some parameter of a body
SI
Y
in equilibrium is gradually varied
PH

until either slipping on toppling

E

For instance in adjaient

TH

onions
figire might apply a
/@

we

gradually increasing force and want µ

M
O

to know whethither th bon will tint topple on slip

.C

not that suture is rough here In such questions

E
B

first we find the required value of the parameter here Fonal

TU

for slipping toppling and then we find required

U

assuming no
O

value
of the parameter for toppling assuming no slipping
Y

Whichever value of the parameter is achieved first the phenomenon

Ionesponding to that assumption will onus first This will be
clear from the following example

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Example In the shown set up
11s h 1 3 5 and a
M
gradually increasing force is applied
Will the bon begin to slip on topple
first
Solution Assuming no toppling
force required for slipping is
Ms15
Fs M Mg entire Now
M
for toppling normal reaction must

R
shift to the forward bottom edge Assuming no slipping and

E
LT
balanting torque about edge through C at the verse of toppling

E
Fh My112 F Mg Ms

H
My F I f

SS
Thu that force required for C F My whirl
we see toppling
SI is
Y
more than fonts required for slipping Fg Ms s therefore the
PH

block will first slip

E
TH

Example A flat bed trunk tarries

/@

an Almirah The height to width

M
O

ratio of Alminah is 3.2 The

.C

coefficient of frinton on the bed f

E
B

the trunk is 0.5 If the trunk

TU

moves with a variable acceleration is the Alminch likely to topple

U
O

on slip
Y

Solution Assuming no toppling the slipping happens when pseudo fore

enneed limiting faintion Thu for slipping Ma
ring a a Mg
limiting easel 0.5g
Now for toppling tongue of pseudo fore mast w
enreed that of gravity about the rear edge
Thus ma y
Max E Msx w 2 a
g 29 3

We see that slipping happen at smaller arieteration AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Thus the Alminch will slip before toppling

Example Suppose in the previous problem Alminal begins to

slip but the trunk still continues to increase it acceleration
then at what allelenation will the Alminal also topple while
slipping
a
of the Alminal fromground
Solution Acceleration

frame while slipping is Mg Assuming trunk

in arielerating forward Mmg

R
E
mg

LT
Now draw the FBD of the Alminal from it
we

E
own frame see figure For toppling entire Mmg

H
SS
n
nation will shift to the rear edge Thus balancing
C
tongues
SI
buty y
Y

Mmg x f Max w a
M wth 213
PH
E

will not
TH

Thus toppling happen

/@

that here toppling is not possible

Note carefully no matter
M
O

what the allelenatin of the truck

.C
E
B

Example A uniform block

of height
TU

h and width w is placed on an

U

N
O

incline will gradually increasing

Y

intinction If w h 2 and
loettinient of friction is 1
1 5 Msn
Will the block first tipple on slip
R My

Solution For slipping D Or then

tano M 115 It stiffing

Now for toppling assuming no slipping Torque of Ms find about
the bottom front edge must enieed that AMBARISH SIR
of my too
[Link] [Link]
 Thus
my finox hz mgbox y
tano w h 2 t toppling
f
Thu tano c tano therefore first igloo
N
slipping will occur as the intinction is
increased
gradually

Example Suppose in the previous situation you continue to increase

R
the intinction even after slipping has started will there be

E
LT
toppling at any angle

E
If slipping has already started w h

H
Solution

SS
as gtino mga Now for toppling
C
a Fp Ma
combined torque of ringfino and pseudo force SI
f
Y
about front edge must be equal to torque
PH

mgsino
of my Coro thus igloo
E

N
TH

Cong fino m grind Ugadi hz mho x

Ez
/@

Mmg look mgloow M Y t 2 which is

M

or
O
.C
E

impossible
B
TU

EQUIVALENT FORTE SYSTEMS EQUPOLLENT SYSTEMS

U
O

Two on more fine couple systems are said to be equipollent

Y

on equivalent if for any rigid body they produce same

net torque about every point and treats acceleration
same net
of cm on net resultant force is some Visualisation in
terms of equivalent force systems sometimes helps in simplifying
the problems and gives some insights in to dynamical behaviour
of systems In the upcoming subsertion we will see some
equivalent transformations of force systems

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Principle OF TRANSMISCIBILITY
A force aiting on any rigid body an
always be translated along its line g action A
to a different point and its tongue
B
about
any arbitrary point will still
remain the same This tan be easily
seen as follows Let to beposition
of point A firstfigure
renton in the
Wnt some arbitrary point O then its

R
tongue is as
In TAXI in

E
given

LT
E
second case when the same force is translated to point B

H
along

SS
same line the torque becomes

I TXT TATAR XI C TAXI AT XI

SI
But sine F is
Y
along AT the second term become zero Three
PH

I QED
E
TH

Note that this equivalence holds

for rigid bodies
for the
/@

only
of calculation of bulk motion Clearly pulling somebody from
M

purpose
O

his hair upwards on pushing somebody upward by putting them

.C

lift floor are very different experience as far as stresses

E

on a
B

in the tissues are concerned even if they produce same

TU

asielenations Savage
U
O
Y

EQUIVALENT COUPLES

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Retail that tongue of a couple in same about
every point in
the universe thus so long as the direction and magnitude ofcouple
are maintained the same louple can be generated by any
two equal and opposite force in a plane parallel t the

plane containing fonte of the original couple Their magnitudes and

separation be adjusted so that met magnitude of couple
can
remains the same Then all the three figures lat lbs and Is
above equivalent couple from rigid body mechanic
represent
point of view you can see that in each case the planeof

R
ear pain is 11 to the plane of other pains and product of

E
LT
forces and perpendicular distance between their lines aition are
of

E
conserved

H
SS
C
SI
Y
PH
E
TH
/@
M
O
.C
E
B
TU
U
O

A couple due to forces acting along two parallel lines canbe

Y

transformed to due to forces along another

a couple pain of
lines loplanan with original parallel lines as per scheme shown in
the above figure One we have the equivalent couple now
translate the
we can louple anywhere in
any blame
parallel to itself Fontes can always be translated alongtheir
lines action
of

AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 RESOLVING A FORCE IN TO FORIE AND COUPLE AT ARBITRARY POINT

R
E
LT
E
translated parallel to it line
If of action to a

H
a force is

SS
different point a couple has to be introduced to accountfor
the line of Cbe from the above
shift in action as tan
SI seen
that
Y
schematic figure It can be clearly seen an additional louple
PH

of txt must be introduced to keep the system equipollent

E
TH

Example IR Dov 1.234

/@
M
O
.C
E
B
TU
U
O
Y

Solution As nod accelerates willact

a pseudo force

it centre
of mass from rest frame of the rod
Thus tongue of real fonies about this point
mustbezero torque
of pseuds force in anyway
[Link]
Jus Now let em be lolate n diitanie below
line of aition Fa Thus
by tongue balanie
g
Fan F ath alis Fa F MW
Solving we set AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Solving we get Fa F MW and N Fz mw

Now length of rod l 2 atn 2afz mw Am

On putting values l Im Am
Note that even if the sod were mon uniform we could still
lolate the CM of the rod n can still be solved

Example IR por 1.235

R
E
LT
E
H
SS
C
Solution I distance of line of aition of fine from
Here arm means
SI
Y
the point Now recall that moment of a force is simply
PH

T M F there 9 TIF Now

E

I txt AitBj lait bi AB Ab I Ans

TH

x
/@

Now
9 TIF AB Ab RAF Am
M
O
.C

EXAMPLE IrsDov 1 237

E
B
TU
U
O
Y

Solution Here wish to replace all the forces by a single tonne

we
such that torque
of this force is same as that of
somewhere on Be

the originalfone system about point while maintaining same

any
resultant force AMBARISH SIR

[Link] [Link]
 Here the resultant force is nearly 2ft the
night so we need to apply 2F rightwards h 2F
somewhere on BC Let this font art at a m
height n above the line AC Now conserving
tongue about point A Fh 2 Fn 2 1 2
Thu the equivalent fonie must be applied at mid
point g BC with a magnitude ZF to produce
the same dynamical effect
Here A was a good choice for tongue equivalence because two

R
forces passed through it thus reducing our calculation

E
LT
Since equivalent systems produce same tongue about every point this

E
the point for

H
us freedom in shooting purpose calculating
gives of

SS
the effitive point of application oftone
C
SI
Y
EXAMPLE PATHFINDER BUILD 24
PH
E
TH
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M
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E
B

Solution Here gravitational torque about the bint

TU

in responsible rate of ireation of angular momentum

U
O

Let u be the sherd water its density and S

g P e
Y

Imss section
of the pipe then in time dt angular
momentum created is
p Sudth u x 21 c
Tdm I
ie date 2ps tu this must be equal to n
e
gravitational torque Ta Psxzelg l find
PSX e
gC
21 find 162

Thu 28516 285dg 38in2 Co2 AMBARISH SIR

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 I 38ns 62 v2 lg No fin 2 tan 431
Similarly when flow rate is made y time and angle become
p
No Sin tan s Mu lg 220
If then from

fin B tan Ys M Be tail's't Si y fila tasty

sin 2 Early Am

EXAMPLE PATHFINDER CHE K G

R
E
LT
E
H
SS
C
SI
Y
PH

Solution Torque balance aboutA

E

Fy
My fin
TH

s O x Rked NJinosxR
Horizontal force balance N
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Fn
Fn N fin 65
M

10 O
O

From 0 R
.C

Fn missin 65 OstSeiOo
E

165
B

I tano Am
TU

may I bi O
U
O

Now Fy i ng N 665
Y

ng my fin 165 Oo Se Oo lotos mg

Am
my fitting

AMBARISH SIR

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 Example PATHFINDER CHECK Is

g the
Solution Consider FBI portion 880 t

R
of the shown Letthe tension gyp

E
rope as

LT
be T and T Centrifugal forces produce

E
torque about centre y rotation

H
no

SS
Thus holanting torque about centre
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C
SI
TE
Y
PH

Now lonsidening FBD ofthe particles T

E

2T 6 mall 21
TH

lil out
420 of
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From
Td tantalite
M

man t
O

4
.C

Efta
e An
E
B
TU
U
O

EXAMPLE PATHFINDER CHEin 22

Y

Solution When the straw is at the verse of slipping by torque

balance tonsiderations it can be nearly seen thatfrictional force
on the straw cannot be in same direction everywhere otherwiseAMBARISH SIR
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 it tongue about the ant will become non zero Iet the fritter
change its dination at a distance n and let l be lengle the
g
straw
Now balanting torques about
ze
the ant

l
Mms Zxz Mmgt x

n la Now net frictional force Mmg Mms

lied

R
E
LT
May
2n l Mmg IN 17 Am

E
H
SS
Note that fniitional field was piecewise uniform so we lould assume
C
to be at the respective mid points for tongue calculation
friction
SI
Y
PH

EXAMPLE PATHFINDER BUILD 26

E
TH
/@
M
O
.C
E
B
TU
U
O

ideas is that whenever a massless

aid is loaded
of the key
Solution Here one
Y

only at the pin joints at it ends the tone exerted by th nodis

along the rod for example rod B in part a Ea
al Now consider FBD of left lamina in it rest e Fa
frame Balanting tongue about upper hinge
FB x l F Flu Am
Ex f g
y
By horizontal force balance Fa Fis Fly Frs
By vertical fonts halanie Faa thus
E F Ams
Fa Marty
[Link]
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AMBARISH SIR

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 lb Now when rods are massive a Flam F F
FBD rode from their restframe are shown
J
tone balance gives the rabid th
rented at the
F the
ends Now Consider FBD of the lamina

y
3 18
F F8 18
Now balancing tongue about
lower hinge from rest frame
of famine Fp
E

R
F x1

E
Eux f

LT
Fa

E
F F18

H
F8

SS
All by horizontal force balance Fa F F 8

C
SI
Mft An
Y
Thus hinge reaction Fa E F
PH
E

Fr THE IF Am
TH
/@
M
O
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E
B
TU
U
O
Y

AMBARISH SIR

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