DATE: 31-08-25

ORCHARD ACADEMY, NAIGAON (BZ)

8 (Semi English)
TIME: 1 hour

General Science-
MARKS: 20

SEAT NO:

Q.1 A) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentence (2)

1) The electronic configuration of magnesium is 2,8,2. From this it is understood that the valence shell of
Magnesium is ............... .
a) K b) L
c) M d) N

Ans. The electronic configuration of magnesium is 2,8,2. From this it is understood that the valence shell of
Magnesium is M.

2) An electron carries a ............... charge.

a) positive b) negative
c) neutral d) none of the above

Ans. An electron carries a negative charge.

Q.2 B) Solve the following questions. (3)

1) State True or False (1)

1) Electrons and protons are the two types of nucleons.

Ans. False
Protons and Neutrons are the two types of nucleons.

2) Find the odd one out (1)

1) Sodium, Hydrogen, Chlorine, Magnesium

Ans. Magnesium - is the odd one out as it is bivalent while others are monovalent.

3) Name the following (1)

Elements having same atomic number but different atomic mass number.

Ans. Isotopes

Q.2 Solve the following questions. (Any two) (4)

1) Solve the numerical problem:

The symbol used for oxygen is ‘O’. There are 8 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus. From this determine the
atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of oxygen and arrange these in a conventional symbol.

Ans. i. Given
a. Number of protons =8
b. Number of electrons = 8 (p=e)
c. Number of neutrons =8
ii. Atomic number (Z) of oxygen = 8 (Z=Number of proton)
[Link] mass number (A) of oxygen = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
= 8 + 8 = 16
 A = 16
[Link] symbol for oxygen = AZ Symbol

16
= 8O

2) Complete the given table

Deduce from the datum provided

Datum To deduce Answer

23
11Na Neutron number ...............

12
6C Mass number ...............

37
17Cl Proton number ...............

79
35Br Atomic number ...............

Ans.
Datum To deduce Answer

23
11Na Neutron number 23 - 11 = 12

12
6C Mass number 12

37
17Cl Proton number 17

79
35Br Atomic number 35

3) Give scientific reasons

Atom is electrically neutral.

Ans. i. In an atom of an element, the number of electrons in the outer orbits is equal to the number of protons in the
nucleus.
ii. Protons are positively charged while the electrons are negatively charged and neutrons are electrically
neutral.
[Link] total number of protons is equal to the total number of electrons.
[Link], electrical charges are balanced and the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.

Q.3 Answer the following in detail (Any TWO) (6)

1) The number of electrons of some elements is given here. By using it write the electronic configuration, number
of valence electron and valency of the respective elements.

Element Li C Mg O

Number of electrons 3 6 12 8

Electronic configuration ..... ..... ..... .....

Number of valence electrons ..... ..... ..... .....

Valency ..... ..... ..... .....

Ans.
Element Li C Mg O

Number of electrons 3 6 12 8

Electronic configuration 2, 1 2, 4 2, 8, 2 2, 6
 Number of valence electrons 1 4 2 6

Valency 1 4 2 b

2) State the uses of Isotopes.

Ans. The uses of isotopes are as follows:

i. Uranium-235 is used for nuclear fission and production of electricity.
ii. Some radioactive isotopes like Cobalt-60 are used in the medical treatment of fatal diseases like cancer.
[Link]-131 is used in the treatment of goiter, disease of thyroid gland.
[Link] radioactive isotopes are used for detection of cracks (leakage) in the underground pipes. Eg. Sodium-24.
v. Radioactive isotopes are used for food preservation from microbes.
[Link] radioactive isotope C-14 is used for determining the age of archeological objects.

3) Observe the diagram and answer the following.

[Link] the electronic configuration of the element?

[Link] the valency of the element.
[Link] the atomic number of the element.
[Link] the electron distribution for the element?

Ans. [Link] electronic configuration of the element is (2,8,6)

[Link] valency of the element is 2.
[Link] atomic number of the element is 16
[Link] electron distribution is K, L, M

Q.4 Solve the following questions. (Any one) (5)

1) Four elements A,B, C and D are given

A shows the presence of 20 neutrons, 17 protons and 17 electrons.
B shows the presence of 10 neutrons, 10 protons and 10 electrons.
C shows the presence of 18 neutrons, 17 protons and 17 electrons.
D shows the presence of 8 neutrons, 7 protons and 7 electrons.
State which of the above is
i. An element with zero valency
ii. A pair of isotopes
[Link] element with mass number 15

Ans. i. An element with zero valency is ‘B’

[Link] of electrons for element ‘B’ is 10
[Link] configuration is 2,8
[Link] it has stable electronic octet and hence its valency is zero.
ii. A pair of isotopes is elements ‘A’ and ‘C’.
[Link] are elements having same atomic number but different atomic mass number.
[Link] A and C have same atomic number (Z = 17).
[Link] different neutron number and hence their mass number is different.
[Link] number of element A = 20 + 17 = 37.
[Link] number of element C = 18 + 17 = 35.
 f. 37 A and 35
17 17 C are pair of isotopes.

[Link] element with mass number 15 is the element ‘D’

[Link] of protons for element ‘D’ is 7
[Link] of neutrons for element ‘D’ is 8
[Link] number (A) = 7+8= 15

2) Valency means the number of chemical bonds formed by an atom. Valency of an element remains constant in
its compound. Atom forms chemical bonds by using electron of its outermost shell. Valency of an atom is
determined by the configuration of its outermost shell. Therefore the outermost shell is called valence shell.
Also, the electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. Valency is related to the number of
valence electrons in that atom.
i. What is valency?
ii. How is the valency of an atom determined?
iii. If an element has 6 valence electrons, then what is the valency of that element?
iv. If an element ‘X’ forms a bond with chlorine atom and the compound formed is XCl. What is the valency of
that element ‘X’.

Ans. i. Valency means the number of chemical bonds formed by an atom.

ii. Valency of an atom is determined by the configuration of its outermost shell.
iii. If an element has 6 valence electrons, then the valency of that element is 2, as it requires 2 more electrons to
complete its octet.
iv. The valency of the element is One.​