Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Method Comparison
EOR Method Advantages Limitations Best Applications
Steam Injection Reduces oil viscosity, Heat loss, steam Heavy oil, viscous
(Cyclic/Drive) effective for heavy oils override, high cost, reservoirs
emissions
SAGD High recovery for Requires horizontal Bitumen reservoirs (oil
bitumen/heavy oil, wells, high capital costs sands)
efficient heat use
In-situ Combustion Generates heat in-situ, Difficult front control, Heavy oil reservoirs with
less surface fuel needed equipment damage risk, proper oxygen supply
emissions
Polymer Flooding Improves sweep Polymer degradation at Moderate viscosity oils,
efficiency, cost-effective high temp/salinity, reservoirs with good
injectivity issues injectivity
Surfactant/Alkaline Reduces interfacial Expensive chemicals, Light to medium oils
Flooding tension, mobilizes adsorption losses, with high residual oil
trapped oil scaling issues
CO₂ Injection (Miscible) High recovery efficiency, High Light to medium oils,
reduces oil viscosity, compression/injection deep reservoirs with
swelling costs, requires high pressure
miscibility pressure
Hydrocarbon Gas Useful for pressure Gas availability, Gas-rich reservoirs, high-
Injection maintenance, miscible at miscibility not always pressure conditions
high pressure achievable
Nitrogen Injection Cheap, non-flammable, Poor miscibility with oil, High-pressure, light oil
miscible at high pressure limited recovery reservoirs
compared to CO₂
Low-Salinity Simple modification of Uncertain long-term Sandstone reservoirs
Waterflooding water chemistry, cost- performance, not with high salinity
effective suitable for all reservoirs contrast
Nanofluid Injection Improves sweep Still experimental, Heterogeneous
efficiency, enhances oil nanoparticle stability reservoirs, experimental
displacement issues pilot tests
Foam Injection Improves sweep Foam stability Gas flooding projects,
efficiency in gas flooding challenges, chemical heterogeneous
costs reservoirs
Microbial EOR Environmentally Unpredictable bacterial Mature fields, reservoirs
friendly, potential for behavior, risk of with biodegradation
low-cost recovery plugging potential