HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

Chemistry: Chapter 30 Redox reactions

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 30 Redox reactions

Structured questions

Sections 30.130.2
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Sodium hydride forms when dry hydrogen passes through the hot sodium. When
sodium hydride reacts with water, alkaline solution A and gas B form.

(a) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between hydrogen and sodium. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the oxidizing agent in the reaction. Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(b) Why should hydrogen be dried before passing through sodium? (1 mark)

(c) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydride and water. (1 mark)

(d) Suggest a chemical test for gas B. (2 marks)

##
(a) (i) 2Na(s) + H2(g)  2NaH(s) 1
(ii) Hydrogen is the oxidizing agent. 1
The oxidation number of hydrogen decreases from 0 to 1. 1
(b) If hydrogen is not dried, water would react with sodium to give sodium
hydroxide. 1
(c) NaH(s) + H2O(l)  NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 1
(d) Test the gas with a burning splint. 1
It burns with a ‘pop’ sound. 1
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##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

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Aluminium reacts with nitrogen to give aluminium nitride.

(a) Draw the electron diagram of aluminium nitride, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only. (1 mark)

(b) Aluminium nitride reacts with water to form aluminium hydroxide and ammonia.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) In terms of oxidation number, explain whether the reaction is a redox

reaction. (2 marks)

(c) In terms of bonding and structure, explain why aluminium nitride has a high
melting point. (2 marks)

##
(a)

1
(b) (i) AlN + 3H2O  Al(OH)3 + NH3 1
(ii) The reaction is not a redox reaction 1
because there is no change in oxidation number of any elements. 1
(c) Aluminium nitride has a giant ionic structure. 1
The ions are held together by strong ionic bonds. 1
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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

##

|!|CMELH0073000003|!| |!|CSELH0073000003|!|
Chlorine gas can be prepared by the reaction between manganese(IV) oxide and
concentrated hydrochloric acid.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between manganese(IV) oxide and
concentrated hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

(b) Identify the oxidizing agent of the reaction and state its change in oxidation
number. (2 marks)

(c) State and explain whether it is appropriate to dry the chlorine gas produced with
concentrated sulphuric acid. (2 marks)

(d) Suggest ONE use of chlorine. (1 mark)

##
(a) MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)  MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g) 1
(b) Manganese(IV) oxide is the oxidizing agent. 1
The oxidation number of manganese decreases from +4 to +2. 1
(c) Chlorine gas can be dried with concentrated sulphuric acid. 1
Chlorine and concentrated sulphuric acid will not react with each other. 1
(d) To sterilize swimming pool water / make polyvinyl chloride / make
chlorine blench (accept other reasonable answers) 1
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##

|!|CMELF0073000004|!| |!|CSELF0073000004|!|
Slaked lime can be prepared by the reaction between calcium and water.

(a) Write the chemical formula of slaked lime. (1 mark)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(b) When pieces of calcium metal are added to a beaker of water, slaked lime forms
and a colourless gas evolves.
(i) Draw a labelled set-up to show how to collect the colourless gas. (2 marks)

(ii) In the reaction, identify the reducing agent and state its change in oxidation
number. (2 marks)

(c) A mixture of slaked lime and water is used in scrubbers to remove sulphur
dioxide from the waste gases. The reaction gives insoluble calcium sulphite as
one of the products.
(i) State ONE harmful effect of sulphur dioxide on humans. (1 mark)

(ii) Write an equation for the removal of sulphur dioxide from the waste gases
using scrubbers. (1 mark)

##
(a) Ca(OH)2 1
(b) (i)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

colourless gas

water

calcium

Correct drawing 1
Correct labels 1
(ii) Calcium 1
The oxidation number of calcium increases from 0 to +2. 1
(c) (i) It irritates our eyes / attacks our respiratory system / causes lung
diseases. 1
(ii) Ca(OH)2(aq) + SO2(g)  CaSO3(s) + H2O(l) 1
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##

|!|CMELH0073000005|!| |!|CSELH0073000005|!|
The following photo shows an automatic sunglass.

The lenses of the sunglass are light-sensitive. They contain silver chloride crystals.
When an automatic sunglass is exposed to sunlight, it absorbs ultraviolet radiation and
changes silver ions and chloride ions into silver and chlorine atoms. To restore the
lenses, copper(I) ions present in the glass will reduce chlorine atoms to chloride ions.
When a person goes indoors, the glass is no longer exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Electrons of silver atoms are removed by copper(II) ions to form silver ions and the
lenses become clear again.

(a) State the colour of silver chloride crystal. (1 mark)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(b) (i) Write an equation for the reaction of silver chloride under ultraviolet
radiation. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the oxidizing agent in the reaction. Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved in the restoring of a darkened
lens. (1 mark)

##
(a) White 1
(b) (i) Ag + Cl  Ag + Cl
+  1
(ii) Silver ion is the oxidizing agent. 1
The oxidation number of silver decreases from +1 to 0. 1
(c) Cu + Ag  Cu+ + Ag+
2+
1
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##

|!|CMELA0073000006|!| |!|CSELA0073000006|!|
The complex CrCl3 • 6H2O has several forms with different colours. The table below
lists the colours of different forms of the complex:

Complex Colour
[CrCl3(H2O)3] • 3H2O Brown
[CrCl2(H2O)4]Cl • 2H2O Dark green
[CrCl(H2O)5]Cl2 • H2O Pale green
[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 Violet

(a) CrCl3 • 6H2O can be prepared by the reaction of chromium with hydrochloric
acid.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) State the oxidation number of chromium in the complex. (1 mark)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(b) There are four solutions containing the same amount of each form of CrCl 3 •
6H2O. A student added excess acidified silver nitrate solution to each solution
and weighed the precipitates produced. The results are shown below.

Solution A B C D
Mass of precipitates 3.73 g No precipitate 1.84 g 5.49 g
formed (g) formed

(i) Explain the formation of precipitates with the aid of an ionic equation.
(2 marks)

(ii) State and explain what solution B is. (1 mark)

(iii) Identify the colours of solutions A, C and D. Explain briefly. (4 marks)

##
(a) (i) 2Cr(s) + 6HCl(aq) + 12H2O(l)  2CrCl3·6H2O(aq) + 3H2(g) 1
(ii) +3 1
(b) (i) Silver ions form silver chloride precipitate with chloride ions. 1
Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)  AgCl(s) 1
(ii) Solution B is [CrCl3(H2O)3] • 3H2O. It does not contain any free
chloride ions and so no precipitate forms. 1
(iii) A: Pale green 1
C: Dark green 1
D: Violet 1
Silver ions only react with free chloride ions. If there are more free
chloride ions in the solution, more precipitate will be produced. 1
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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

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Sulphur hexafluoride is an inert gas commonly used in the electrical industry. It is
synthesized from sulphur and fluorine.

(a) (i) Draw the three-dimensional structure of a sulphur hexafluoride molecule.

(1 mark)

(ii) State the shape of the molecule. (1 mark)

(b) (i) Write an equation for the synthesis of sulphur hexafluoride. (1 mark)

(ii) In terms of oxidation number, explain whether the reaction is a redox

reaction. (2 marks)

(c) Sulphur hexafluoride is a greenhouse gas. It traps heat about 23 000 times more
than carbon dioxide gas of the same mass. Thus, it has been banned by many
countries.
(i) How does sulphur hexafluoride cause global warming? (2 marks)

(ii) State ONE harmful effect of global warming. (1 mark)

##
(a) (i)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

1
(ii) It is octahedral in shape. 1
(b) (i) S(s) + 3F2(g)  SF6(g) 1
(ii) It is a redox reaction. 1
The oxidation number of sulphur increases from 0 to +6. / The
oxidation number of fluorine decreases from 0 to 1. 1
(c) (i) The infrared radiation on the Earth is trapped by greenhouse gases
such as sulphur hexafluoride. 1
Greenhouse gases increase the amount of energy trapped, causing an
increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (i.e. global warming). 1
(ii) The melting of ice at the North Pole and South Pole leads to the rise
in average sea levels and cause flooding in low-lying coastal areas. /
Climate changes would cause damage to agriculture and reduce the
world’s food supply. (Accept other reasonable answers.) 1
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Sulphuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) is a colourless liquid at room conditions. It can be
prepared by the reaction of sulphur dioxide and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst.

(a) (i) Draw the three-dimensional structure of a sulphuryl chloride molecule.

(1 mark)

(ii) Explain whether the molecule obeys octet rule. (1 mark)

(b) (i) Write an equation for the preparation of sulphuryl chloride. (1 mark)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(ii) Identify the reducing agent in the reaction. (1 mark)

(c) When sulphuryl chloride reacts with water, sulphuric acid and a gas form.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) Is the reaction a redox reaction? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

(iii) Suggest a method to show that the gas produced is acidic. (2 marks)

##
(a) (i)

(ii) It does not obey octet rule as the sulphur atom contains 12 outermost
shell electrons. 1
(b) (i) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)  SO2Cl2(l) 1
(ii) SO2 1
(c) (i) SO2Cl2(l) + 2H2O(l)  H2SO4(aq) + 2HCl(g) 1
(ii) The reaction is not a redox reaction 1
because there is no change in oxidation number of any elements. 1
(iii) Test the gas produced with moist blue litmus paper. 1
The paper turns from blue to red. 1
(Accept other reasonable answers)
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##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

Sections 30.330.4
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For each of the following reactions, state ONE observable change and write an ionic
equation for the reaction involved.

(a) Adding sodium sulphite solution to acidified potassium dichromate solution

(2 marks)

(b) Adding chlorine water to potassium iodide solution (2 marks)

(c) Adding zinc to copper(II) sulphate solution (2 marks)

(d) Adding magnesium to concentrated nitric acid (2 marks)

##
(a) The solution changes from orange to green. 1
Cr2O72(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 3SO32(aq)  2Cr3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 3SO42(aq) 1
(b) The solution changes from colourless to brown. 1
Cl2(aq) + 2I(aq)  2Cl(aq) + I2(aq) 1
(c) Zinc dissolves / the solution becomes paler / reddish brown solid forms. 1
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) 1
(d) Magnesium dissolves / brown gas evolves. 1
Mg(s) + 2NO3(aq) + 4H+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 1
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##

|!|CMELF0073000010|!| |!|CSELF0073000010|!|
Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of solutions.

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(a) Sodium sulphite solution and sodium nitrate solution (2 marks)

(b) Potassium iodide solution and potassium sulphate solution (2 marks)

(c) Iron(II) chloride solution and iron(III) chloride solution (2 marks)

##
(a) Add the two solutions to acidified potassium dichromate solution
respectively. 1
Sodium sulphite solution changes the solution from orange to green but
there is no observable change for sodium nitrate solution. 1
(Accept other reasonable answers)
(b) Add acidified potassium permanganate solution to both solutions. 1
Potassium iodide solution changes from colourless to brown while
potassium sulphate solution changes from colourless to purple. 1
(Accept other reasonable answers)
(c) Add sodium hydroxide solution to both solutions. 1
Iron(II) chloride solution forms a dirty green precipitate while iron(III)
chloride solution forms a brown precipitate. 1
(Accept other reasonable answers)
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##

Sections 30.530.6
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Consider the following reactions and information on four elements Q, X, Y, Z (which
are not the chemical symbols for the elements).

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(1) 2Q(s) + X2+(aq)  2Q+(aq) + X(s)

(2) 2Q(s) + Y2+(aq)  2Q+(aq) + Y(s)
(3) X(s) + Y2+(aq)  X2+(aq) + Y(s)
(4) 2Z(s) + 3X2+(aq)  2Z3+(aq) + 3X(s)
(5) Z(s) + Q+(aq)  no reaction

(a) Are the elements probably all metals? Explain. (1 mark)

(b) When solid Z is put into an aqueous solution of Y2+ ions, a reaction occur. Write a
chemical equation for the reaction occurred. (1 mark)

(c) Write the half equation for the oxidation in reaction (1). (1 mark)

(d) Arrange the elements in decreasing order of their tendency to form positive ions.
Explain briefly. (3 marks)

(e) Arrange the ions in decreasing order of oxidizing power. (1 mark)

##
(a) They are probably metals as all of them form positive ions in aqueous
solution. 1
(b) 2Z(s) + 3Y2+(aq)  2Z3+(aq) + 3Y(s) 1
(c) Q(s)  Q+(aq) + e 1
(d) Q > Z > X > Y 1
Q reduces X2+(aq) and Y2+(aq) while Z does not reduce Q+(aq). Hence, Q
has the highest tendency to form positive ions. 1
Z reduces X2+(aq) and X reduces Y2+(aq). 1
(e) Y2+(aq) > X2+(aq) > Z3+(aq) > Q+(aq) 1
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##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

|!|CMELF0073000012|!| |!|CSELF0073000012|!|
A student heated zinc, copper and gold in air strongly.

(a) Which metals will undergo a reaction under strong heating? Explain your answer
with the aid of equations. (2 marks)

(b) In terms of the oxidation number of oxygen, explain whether the reactions in part
(a) are redox reactions. (2 marks)

(c) When zinc is added to a copper(II) sulphate solution, a reaction occurs.

(i) Name the type of reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction. (1 mark)

(d) Hence, deduce the oxidizing power of zinc, copper, gold and oxygen in
ascending order. (1 mark)

##
(a) Zinc: 2Zn(s) + O2(g)  2ZnO(s) 1
Copper: 2Cu(s) + O2(g)  2CuO(s) 1
(b) The reactions are redox reaction. 1
The oxidation number of oxygen decreases from 0 to 2. 1
(c) (i) Displacement reaction / redox reaction 1
(ii) Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) 1
(d) Au < O2 < Cu < Zn 1
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##

|!|CMELH0073000013|!| |!|CSELH0073000013|!|
Chromium can be extracted from chromite (FeCr 2O4). The following shows the steps
involved:

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

Step 1: Heat an impure sample of chromite ore with sodium carbonate in air. Sodium
chromate (Na2CrO4), iron(III) oxide and a colourless gas form. Remove the
iron(III) oxide formed.
Step 2: Add sulphuric acid to the reaction mixture and then heat the resultant
solution. Sodium dichromate and sodium sulphate are produced.
Step 3: Heat sodium dichromate solution with sulphur. Chromium(III) oxide forms.
Step 4: Heat chromium(III) oxide with aluminium powder in air strongly to give
chromium metal.

(a) The colourless gas produced in step 1 turns limewater milky.

(i) Suggest what the gas is. (1 mark)

(ii) Given that iron is oxidized in the reaction, state the change in oxidation
number of chromium in the reaction. (1 mark)

(iii) Suggest how iron(III) oxide can be separated from the reaction mixture in
step 1. (1 mark)

(b) (i) Write a chemical equation, with state symbols, for the reaction of sodium
chromate with sulphuric acid. (1 mark)

(ii) Is this a redox reaction? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(c) (i) Based on the given information, compare the reactivity of aluminium and
chromium. Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(ii) 18.6 g of chromium can be extracted from 52.0 g of impure chromite ore
sample. Calculate the percentage by mass of chromite in the sample.
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Cr = 52.0, Fe = 55.8) (2 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

##
(a) (i) Carbon dioxide 1
(ii) The oxidation number of chromium increases from +3 to +6. 1
(iii) Filtration 1
(b) (i) 2Na2CrO4(s) + H2SO4(aq)  Na2Cr2O7(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) 1
(ii) It is not a redox reaction. 1
The oxidation number of every element does not change. 1
(c) (i) Aluminium is more reactive than chromium. 1
Aluminium can reduce chromium(III) oxide to chromium. 1
(ii) Let x be the mass of chromite in the sample.

xg× = 18.6 g

x = 40.0 g 1

Percentage by mass of chromite = × 100% = 76.9% 1

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##

Section 30.7
|!|CMELH0073000014|!| |!|CSELH0073000014|!|
The following set-up can be used to study the reaction between chlorine bleach
(NaOCl) and hydrochloric acid. Chlorine gas is collected by downward delivery.

hydrochloric acid

chlorine gas
chlorine bleach

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(a) Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with chlorine bleach.
(1 mark)

(b) Explain why chlorine should be collected by downward delivery. (1 mark)

(c) (i) State the oxidation number of chlorine in NaOCl. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in the reaction. (1 mark)

(d) With the aid of an equation, state and explain whether there is any observable
change when chlorine is bubbled into the following solutions.
(i) Iron(II) sulphate solution (2 marks)

(ii) Acidified potassium permanganate solution (2 marks)

##
(a) OCl + Cl + 2H+  Cl2 + H2O / NaOCl + 2HCl  Cl2 + H2O + NaCl 1
(b) Chlorine gas is denser than air. 1
(c) (i) +1 1
(ii) NaOCl is the oxidizing agent; HCl is the reducing agent. 1
(d) (i) There is an observable change as chlorine oxidizes green iron(II)
ions to yellow iron(III) ions. 1
Cl2 + 2Fe2+  2Cl + 2Fe3+ 1
(ii) There is no observable change 1
as acidified potassium permanganate solution is a stronger oxidizing
agent than chlorine. 1
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##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

|!|CMELH0073000015|!| |!|CSELH0073000015|!|
In a disproportionation reaction, a species is simultaneously oxidized and reduced.
One of the examples is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

(a) Write an equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. (1 mark)

(b) State the changes of oxidation numbers of the element to show that this reaction
is a disproportionation reaction. (2 marks)

(c) Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent. The following equation shows
the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ions.
H2O2(aq) + 2Cl(aq) + 2H+(aq)  Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(i) Compare the oxidizing power of hydrogen peroxide and chlorine. (1 mark)

(ii) With the aid of a half equation, explain what would happen if hydrogen
peroxide is mixed with potassium bromide solution. (2 marks)

##
(a) 2H2O2(l)  2H2O(l) + O2(g) 1
(b) The oxidation number of oxygen increases from 1 to 0 (in O2) 1
and decreases from 1 to 2 (in H2O). 1
(c) (i) Hydrogen peroxide has a stronger oxidizing power than chlorine. 1
(ii) The solution changes from colourless to brown. 1
2Br(aq)  Br2(aq) + 2e 1
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##

|!|CMELF0073000016|!| |!|CSELF0073000016|!|
Halogen can be used as oxidizing agents in redox reaction.

(a) Arrange Cl2, Br2 and I2 in an ascending order of oxidizing power. (1 mark)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(b) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and hot
concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. (1 mark)

(ii) Explain whether sodium hydroxide solution is oxidized or not. (1 mark)

(c) Iodide ions can reduce concentrated sulphuric acid to form hydrogen sulphide.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) State ONE observable change in the reaction. (1 mark)

(iii) State the change in oxidation number of sulphur in the reaction. (1 mark)

##
(a) I2 < Br2 < Cl2 1
(b) (i) 3Cl2(aq) + 6NaOH(aq)  5NaCl(aq) + NaClO3(aq) + 3H2O(l) 1
(ii) Sodium hydroxide is not oxidized as the oxidation number of
sodium, oxygen and hydrogen do not change. 1
(c) (i) 8I(aq) + SO42(l) + 10H+(aq)  4I2(aq) + H2S(g) + 4H2O(l) 1
(ii) A bad egg smell is detected / the solution changes from colourless to
brown. 1
(iii) The oxidation number of sulphur decreases from +6 to 2. 1
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##

Section 30.8
|!|CMELF0073000017|!| |!|CSELF0073000017|!|
Electrum is an alloy of silver and gold. To determine the percentage by mass of silver
in an electrum sample, 5.91 g of sample was added to concentrated nitric acid. 3.29 g
of solid was left.

(a) State TWO observable changes when the sample was added to concentrated
nitric acid. (2 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved in the experiment. (1 mark)

(c) State ONE safety precaution of this experiment. (1 mark)

(d) Calculate the percentage by mass of silver in the sample. (2 marks)

##
(a) Any TWO:
The solid dissolved to give a colourless solution / golden yellow solid
was left / brown gas evolved. 2
(b) Ag(s) + NO3(aq) + 2H+(aq)  Ag+(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O(l) 1
(c) Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard / wear safety spectacles /
wear protective gloves 1

(d) Percentage by mass of silver = × 100% 1

= 44.3% 1
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##

Section 30.9
|!|CMELH0073000018|!| |!|CSELH0073000018|!|
A student used the following set-up to determine the percentage by mass of copper in
an impure copper sample.

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

concentrated
sulphuric acid

impure copper sodium hydroxide

solution

heat

50.0 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid was added slowly to 3.00 g of sample and the
reaction mixture was heated gently. The gas liberated was then passed to 50.0 cm 3 of
2.0 M NaOH. The solution was finally diluted to 100.0 cm3.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between concentrated sulphuric acid
and copper. (1 mark)

(b) Suggest ONE hazard warning label that should be displayed in a bottle of
concentrated sulphuric acid. (1 mark)

(c) Name the apparatus that can be used to dilute the resultant solution to 100.0 cm3.
(1 mark)

(d) 25.0 cm3 of the dilute solution was transferred to a conical flask and then titrated
with 0.10 M hydrochloric acid. Phenolphthalein was used as an indicator. 39.00
cm3 of the acid was required to reach the end point.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide
solution and sulphur dioxide. (1 mark)

(ii) State the colour change at the end point of the titration. (1 mark)

(iii) Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in this sample.

(Relative atomic mass: Cu = 63.5) (3 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2015 Chapter 30

 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

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(a) Cu(s) + 2H2SO4(l)  CuSO4(aq) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 1
(b) Corrosive / oxidizing 1
(c) 100.0 cm3 volumetric flask 1
(d) (i) 2NaOH(aq) + SO2(g) → Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l) 1
(ii) From pink to colourless 1
(iii) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Number of moles of HCl reacted with NaOH

= 0.10 mol dm3 × dm3 = 3.90 × 103 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of HCl : NaOH = 1 : 1.

∴ number of moles of unreacted NaOH = 3.90 × 103 mol
Number of moles of NaOH reacted with SO2

= 2.0 mol dm3 × dm3  3.90 × 103 mol × = 0.0844 mol 1

2NaOH(aq) + SO2(g) → Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)

From the equation, mole ratio of NaOH : SO2 = 2 : 1.

∴ number of moles of SO2 = = 0.0422 mol

Cu(s) + 2H2SO4(l)  CuSO4(aq) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

From the equation, mole ratio of Cu : SO2 = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of copper = 0.0422 mol 1
Mass of copper = 0.0422 mol × 63.5 g mol1 = 2.68 g

Percentage by mass of copper = × 100 % = 89.3 % 1

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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2015 Chapter 30

 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

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Section 30.10
|!|CMELF0073000019|!| |!|CSELF0073000019|!|
Zinc blende is an ore containing mainly zinc sulphide. To extract zinc from zinc
blende, the ore is first heated strongly in air to give zinc oxide and a colourless gas.
The oxide is then heated with carbon to obtain the metal.

(a) Write the equations of the reactions involved in the extraction process. (2 marks)

(b) The gas produced during the first heating process can react with acidified
potassium dichromate solution.
(i) Name the type of reaction involved. (1 mark)

(ii) State the expected observable change in the reaction. (1 mark)

(c) A student stated that zinc can be extracted from zinc blende by electrolysis.
Comment on the statement. (1 mark)

(d) Suggest ONE use of zinc in daily life. (1 mark)

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(a) 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) 1
2ZnO(s) + C(s)  2Zn(s) + CO2(g) 1
(b) (i) Redox reaction 1
(ii) The solution changes from orange to green. 1
(c) The statement is correct. Zinc can be extracted by the electrolysis of
molten zinc blende. 1
(d) Producing galvanized iron (accept other reasonable answers) 1
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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2015 Chapter 30

 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VII Redox reactions, chemical cells and electrolysis

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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2015 Chapter 30