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Set Theory Problem Set Solutions

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6 views2 pages

Set Theory Problem Set Solutions

Uploaded by

ankitanewadarshanagar107
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SET THEORY PROBLEM SET

1. If A = {1,3,5,7,9} and B = {1,2,3,4,5}, find 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵.


2. For set A = {X: x is an integer and 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6} and B = {X: X is an even integer 2 ≤
𝑥 ≤ 8}. Find the set A – B.
3. Given sets X = {a, b, c, d} and Y = {b, d, e, f}, find the symmetric difference of X
and Y.
4. For sets E = {1,3,5,7,9} and F = {0,1,2,3,4} find the set 𝐸 ∪ 𝐹 and 𝐸 − 𝐹.
5. If J ={2,4,6,8,10} and K ={3,6,9,12}. Find the cartesian product 𝐽 × 𝐾.
6. If set M = {x : x is a prime number less than 20} and set N = {x : x is an odd
number less than 10}, what is M ∩ N?
7. Using venn diagram prove that:
i. (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) ∪ (𝑨 ∩ 𝑪) = 𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪)
ii. (𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 ∩ 𝑩𝑪
iii. (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 ∪ 𝑩𝑪
8. In a class, 28 study Math (M), 22 study Physics (P), and 12 study both. How many
study at least one of Math or Physics?
9. Among 100 students, 60 took Algebra, 50 took Biology, 40 took Chemistry, 30 took
Algebra and Chemistry, 25 took Algebra and Biology, 20 took Biology and
Chemistry, 15 took all the three subjects. How many took at least one subject?
Click Solution for the solution

10. Out of 120 readers, 70 borrow fiction, 60 borrow non-fiction, 45 borrow poetry, 35
borrow fiction and non-fiction, 25 fiction and poetry and 20 borrow non fiction and
poetry while 12 borrow all three. Find the number of readers who borrow exactly two.
Click Solution for the solution

11. In a school of 900, 540 attended the Cultural Fest (C), 420 the Sports Meet (S), and
210 attended neither. Find how many attended both and how many attended exactly
one.
Click Solution for the solution

12. Among 1,000 users: 520 subscribe to Platform X (X), 480 to Platform Y (Y), 300 to
Platform Z (Z). Suppose 220 subscribe to both X and Y, 180 to both X and Z, 160 to
both Y and Z, and 100 to all three. How many subscribe to exactly one platform?
13. In a seminar of 150 attendees: 90 attended AI talk, 80 attended block chain, 70
attended cyber security, with 50 attended AI and Block chain, 40 attended Block
chain and Cyber security, 35 attended AI and Cyber security while 25 attended all the
three talks.
Find numbers who attended: (a) exactly one, (b) exactly two, (c) none.
14. Given set G = {a, e, i, o, u} and set H = {a, e, y}, find the symmetric difference G
Δ H.
15. In a survey of 150 people, 95 like apples, 70 like bananas, and 60 like both apples
and bananas. Find the number of people who like only apples.
16. In a sports club of 530 members, each member play at least one of the three sports
cricket, football and squash. 240 of them play cricket, 255 play football and 255
play squash. 80 play cricket and football, 85 play cricket and squash and 90 play
football and squash. How many members play all three sports?
17. Find the cardinality of the following sets:
i. A = {0,5,a,p}
ii. B = {}
iii. C = {x: x is an even number < 25}
iv. D = {x: x is divisible by 8 and 𝑥 ≤ 64.

Common questions

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The number of people who like only apples can be determined by subtracting the number of people who like both apples and bananas from those who like apples: 95 (people who like apples) - 60 (people who like both) = 35. Therefore, 35 people like only apples.

Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion and given data about overlaps, exactly two genres would be: (35 borrow fiction and non-fiction + 25 borrow fiction and poetry + 20 borrow non-fiction and poetry) - 2*(12 borrow all three) = 58 - 24 = 34 readers borrow exactly two genres.

The cartesian product J × K consists of all ordered pairs where the first element is from J and the second from K. It results in {(2,3), (2,6), (2,9), (2,12), (4,3), (4,6), (4,9), (4,12), (6,3), (6,6), (6,9), (6,12), (8,3), (8,6), (8,9), (8,12), (10,3), (10,6), (10,9), (10,12)}.

Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, the number subscribing to exactly one platform is: (520 + 480 + 300) - 2*(220 + 180 + 160) + 3*100 = 130 subscribe to Platform X only, 130 subscribe to Platform Y only, and 40 subscribe to Platform Z only. Therefore, 130 + 130 + 40 = 300 people subscribe to exactly one platform.

The symmetric difference of two sets, E and F, is the set of elements that are in either of the sets but not in their intersection. E Δ F = (E ∪ F) - (E ∩ F) = {1,3,5,7,9,0,2,4} - {1,3} = {5,7,9,0,2,4}.

Set M includes {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}, and set N includes {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. The intersection M ∩ N is {3, 5, 7}.

Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion: 60 (Algebra) + 50 (Biology) + 40 (Chemistry) - 30 (Algebra and Chemistry) - 25 (Algebra and Biology) - 20 (Biology and Chemistry) + 15 (all three subjects) = 100 students took at least one subject.

There are 900 - 210 = 690 students who attended at least one of the events. Using the formula for union, we have 540 (Cultural Fest) + 420 (Sports Meet) - x (both) = 690. Solving for x, we find x = 270. Hence, 270 attended both events.

To prove (A∩B) ∪(A∩C) = A∩(B∪C), consider any element x: If x ∈ (A∩B) ∪(A∩C), then x is in both A and either B or C, which implies x ∈ A∩(B∪C). Conversely, if x ∈ A∩(B∪C), then x is in A and either B or C, which implies x is in (A∩B) ∪(A∩C). Therefore, both sides of the equation are the same.

The union A ∪ B includes all elements from both sets without duplicates: {1,2,3,4,5,7,9}. The intersection A ∩ B includes only elements common to both sets: {1,3,5}.

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