Learn to Draw

AutoCAD Module

3.6
3,7 42 45

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S 3.0

3.7 42

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Maricon Denber S. Gahisan

 1

f dynamism and cultural diversity in building a just and humane society.

C ^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ec^^^^u^^F^Jjj^ I
excellence among institutions of higher learning i n the local, national and
global arena.
;
|(H^P '

MISSION: Jose Rizal Memorial State Universit>' pledges itself to deliver effective
and efficient ser%dces along instruction, research, extension and production.
It commits itself to provide quality professional, technical and technological
training with the aim of producing skilled, self-renewed and globally
competitive individuals.

GOALS: Jose Rizal Memorial State University focuses on developing graduates

with the following attributes:

xemplary performance that can compete i n the local, national and

global arena.
enial delivery of services and
ommitment to pro\dde the constituents with quality education and
sets as
xample to every clientele especially those who are potential
eaders imbued with
ove and dedication to serve the people and
xhibit a deep sense of patriotism while
urturing the educational environment with
ourage, competencies and cooptism, among the institutional
members and
ffective and efficient leadership to attain quality holistic development
 To You,

Observe

Ask

Work

and

Leorn

This work is dedicated to YOU.

The Author
 Acknowledgement

It is a great pleasure for the author to acknowledge the support and assistance of
a large number of individuals to this effort:

The University President and Vice President for Academic Affairs, for giving the
chance i n this module development program.

The I M D Office director, college coordinators, and staff, for continuously

encouraging and motivating to complete the writing this module.

The College of Engineering Dean and Faculty members, for keeping on discussing
ideas to enhance the work.

The CAD students, for patiently complying the demands to test how appUcable
the lessons may be.

Finally, the family and friends, for the undying love, support, and believing on
what the author can achieve.

- Author
 Preface

This module introduces the fundamental concepts necessary for

designing and creating drawings using computer program. It stresses the
basic steps in creating CAD drawings. The book is meant to be used by
beginner learners of CAD but with basic knowledge on computer operation.

This can be used as a self-paced learning module since guides on how

to draw is step by step discussed in the lessons.

1
 Table of Contents

Lessonl What is CAD?

Pre-Test 2
Introduction 3
Uses of CAD 3
Benefits of CAD Program 3
The User Interface 4
File Management 6
Mastery Test 8

Lesson 2 DRAW: Cartesian and Polar Coordinates

Pre-Test 9
Cartesian Coordinate System 10
Absolute Polar Coordinates 11
Relative Polar Coordinates 12
Drawing Objects 15
Basic Commands 17
Mastery Test 20

Lesson 3
M O D I F Y Toolbar: Use and Function

Pre-Test 22
Offset 23
Mirror 24
Trim 24
Fillet 25
Chamfer 26
Mastery Test 30

©MDSG2017
Lesson i :
What is CAD?

"Orgamzbfig is what you do h^ore you do samdhmg, so tHat wKen you do'A, it'is not all mixed, up."

- A AMilne

> Definition of Computer Aided Drafting

> Importance of C A D
> Current Use of C A D
> The User Interface

Hfgels!"

A t the end of the lesson the learners can:

> Understand the importance of C A D i n project design.
> Identify parts of the A u t o C A D interface.
> Create and Save A u t o C A D drawing files.
> Distinguish and locate files created by C A D .

Tes
Look at the words below and write the things that come to your mind upon
reading them.

Computer Aided
Drafting

Now, give the meaning of CAD based on the words that you come up
with.

©MDSG 2017
Introduction

C A D (Computer Aided Design/Drafting) is the use of computer software to design and

document a product's design process. C A D software replaces manual drafting with an automated
process. In engineering drawing, the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and
shapes are very common in planning for project design. Essentially, it gives detailed description about
any component in a graphical form.
C A D facilitates the manufacturing process by transferring detailed information about a product
in an automated form that can be universally interpreted by trained personnel. It can be used to produce
either two-dimensional or three-dimensional diagrams. The use of CAD software tools allow the object
to be viewed from any angle, even from the inside looking out.
In order to become effective and efficient in using a C A D system, learning to create geometric
entities quickly and accurately is needed. Lines and circles are the first two, and perhaps the most
important two, geometric entities that one should master the skills of creating and modifying. Straight
lines and circles are used in almost all technical designs.

Uses of CAD

C A D is used commonly on throughout the Architectural and Design professions. The designer
can generate 2D and 3D which can be rotated. This tool enables engineers and architects to design,
inspect and manage engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on a
personal computer system. These are the most common use of CAD:

• It can be used to create 2D drafting drawings which will be used by all professions
involved in the implementation of a project. For example i f your project involves the
construction of the bar, you will need to give the fitter a plan, elevations and sections of
the bar, with annotations and measurements, for them to be able to build it and
understand your design intent.
• CAD can be used to visualize space to work with in 3D designs. Sketching and
developing idea in a perspective drawing or model design to create different views on
how to project best look like.
• CAD can create on screen 3D models on space and objects with textures. This powerful
feature enables the user to view the design in different angle with animation and on
augmented reality.

Benefits of CAD Program

C A D software is being used on large scale basis by a number of engineering professionals and
firms for various applications. The most common application of C A D software is designing and
drafting. Here are some of the benefits of using C A D systems:

1) Increase in the productivity of the designer

The C A D software helps designer in visualizing the final product that is to be made, it
subassemblies and the constituent parts. C A D software helps designer in synthesizing, analyzing,
and docimienting the design.

2) Improve the quality of the design

With the C A D software the designing professionals are offered large nimiber of tools
©MDSG 2017
 that help in carrying out thorough engineering analysis of the proposed design. The tools also
help designers to consider large number of investigations.

3) Better communications
The next important part after designing is making the drawings. With C A D software
better and standardized drawings can be made easily. The C A D software helps in better
documentation of the design, fewer drawing errors, and greater legibility.

4) Creating documentation of the designing

Creating the documentation of designing is one of the most important parts of designing
and this can be made very conveniently by the C A D software. The documentation of designing
includes geometries and dimensions of the product, its subassemblies and its components,
material specifications for the components, bill of materials for the components etc.

5) Creating the database for manufacturing

When creating the data for the documentation of the designing most of the data for
manufacturing is also created like products and component drawings, material required for the
components, their dimensions, shape etc.

6) Saving of design data and drawings

All the data used for designing can easily be saved and used for the future reference, thus
certain components don't have to be designed again and again. Similarly, the drawings can also
be saved and any number of copies can be printed whenever required. Some of the component
drawings can be standardized and be used whenever required in any future drawings.

The User Interface

Annotations toolbar

Figure 1 AutoCAD Interface

©MDSG 2017
General menu

This context menu has same options and functionality like almost any Windows based software but
adds some specifics options and functionality.
• File Menu: contains options like starting a new draft, editing an existing one and plot it.
• Edit Menu: use for options like copy, cut, paste and find.
• Insert Menu: may insert objects in the drawing (like images. Object Linking and Embedding -
O L E , other drawings and even 3D Studio Max files).
• Fonnat Menu: use to modify layers, dimension styles, the text editor, the table style and drafting
options.
• Tools Menu: contains options to modify the workspace, the blocks inserted and the general
settings of AutoCAD.
• Draw Menu: the most important menu of all. It is used for the drafting in AutoCAD starting with
lines, circles, arcs etc.
• Dimension Menu: all it has to do with dimensioning.
• Modify Menu: use modify the drawing.
• Window Menu: In case there are multiple files open, this menu has option to choose how to view
them.
• Help Menu: I f you run a command (for an example "line"), pressing F l will open the Help right
on the topic about lines.

Any menu from the main menu bar can be accessed by two ways:
• through the mouse cursor
• through the keybord: Alt+letter.

Editing Toolbar
The toolbar is a resuft of a combination of the ^^Umm^m/^ mmnma^
most important options of File, Edit and View ^^'^^^^^tmim^^i,. .^.„i'l535JAMMI»
Menus. Features like new, open, save, plot, zoom and pan. An interesting feature "Publish" which
organizes the drawing files (.dwg) in folders and send them online.

Annotations Toolbar
Aimotations can help C A D drafters keep track of all i j ^ j s ' * ^ -^j^istondaid ^
the important information a plain image cannot express in a " '
project. The annotations settings and options of any drawing is consist of: text, dimension and
table.

Layer Properties Manager _ ,„

Layers are used to organize and classify the objects of a ii* . . zSlfi
drawing. The organization of objects into layers is use to control the visibility and properties of a
large number of entities separately for each layer and it's useful to make changes quickly.

©MDSG 2017
Drafting Toolbar
Drafting toolbar lets you change individually the features of any geometry part, dimension
and no longer will depend of the settings of the layer it was part of before. So, the options you'll find
here are:
• change the color
• change the line weight
• change the line type

All these options have each the two same features: By Layer and By Block.

Drawing Toolbar ^^^^^^111^1111^111^^

This toolbar contains the button to / / o a r 0 O/-^ o o %-owaJA
construct point, line, polyline, polygon, rectangle, arc, circle, spline, ellipse, hatch, and text.

Modifying Toolbar
•Modify
•
This toolbar allows the user to modify Jli £h gg - f 0 [^
object thru erase, copy, mirror, offset, array,
move, rotate, and scale.

Dimensions Toolbar

A toolbar for quotation line. The same TWrcH. € / Mfrffl -^ffl® A . i « 3-^
commands can be used over the Text menu
Dimensions. Locate the tape can be anywhere on the working window in the system of Drag and
Drop. It is the dropdown menu and dimension styles as well as the button to modify the
Dimensions Style.

The Command Prompt

Execute a command by ][Link]^tic i., c-^o:^^-,,, - =

entering the full command name icc„„d "IZ„-Iir.\Z
or command alias at the shaps™ 0RTHom«(S£?[5?5SStwi|S5Si: ^^^.^^
-

command prompt and pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR. When Dynamic Input is on and is set to display dynamic
prompts, you can enter many commands in tooltips that are displayed near the cursor.

UCSIcon
The UCS icon shows how the drawing is oriented. The icon is consists of two arrows, one
pointing to the right and one pointing to the top of the drawing area. Notice that one arrow is labeled
X and the other Y. These labels indicate the cuirent orientation of the drawing's X and Y axes
•
File Management in CAD
DWG Files
C A D drawings are saved using the .DWG extension, and over the years this has become a
standard format for exchanging technical drawings. AutoCAD also supports format called D X F which
was specifically designed as an interchange format. Unfortunately, as AutoCAD has passed through
numerous editions, the D W G format has upgraded to keep pace with newer features.
©MDSG 2017
 to
CondHiotj

Activity lA

1. Divide tlie class according to its population.

2. Ask students to create the strongest and tallest tower using 15 drinking straws and 7 rubber
bands.
3. Present output. Explain how they do the project.

(Objective: to be able to understand how planning is important in making project design.)

Activity iB

1. Group the students into 5 groups.

2. Assign each group to a certain room/ area. e.g. kitchen.
3. List all possible shapes, objects and figure that can be seen on the area.
4. Locate the toolbars or buttons on the user interface on how to draw the identified objects.
5. Discuss it with the class.

(Objective: to be able to familiarize the different button in the user interface)

See attached rubric on page # for guidance.

©MDSG 2017
 Laboratory Woriil

Objective: The learners will be able to befemibarwith the user interface of the software and create, save and locate tiie
ffles.

bstnictions:
1. Start AutoCAD.
2. Using the N E W command, start a new drawing using the template :
Template A
Save the drawing in :
D:/Name/ES 12/Lab Workl
Note: You should have this folder structure already created on your hard drive.
Save it with the name:
Lab Work 1-1" Family Name"
Using the C L O S E command, close the drawing.
3. Start a new drawing using the template:
Template A2
Save the drawing in the folder:
D:/Name/ES 12/Lab Workl
Save it with the name:
Lab Workl-2 "Family Name"
Close the drawing.
4. Start a new drawing using the template:
Template A3
Save the drawing in the folder:
D:/Name/ES 12/Lab Workl
Save it with the name:
Lab Workl-3'Tamily Name"
Close the drawing.
5. Using Windows Explorer, find the folder:
D-^Name/ES 12/Lab Workl

How Many drawings you find in the created folder for Lab Work 1? :
Write the file properties on the laboratory work you created.

Name Size Type Date

What are the file extensions used in the created lab works? :
How can you identify an AutoCAD file from the other file created? :

©MDSG 2017
Lesson 2 :
DRAW: Cartesian and Polar Coordinates

" A drawing is simply a line going for a walk"

- Paul Klee

> Coordinate System; using Cartesian and Polar

> Draw toolbar Rinctions
> Dimension toolbars

At the end of the lesson the learners can:

> Describe the Cartesian Coordinate System using absolute and relative
coordinates.
> Apply the LINE command to draw lines using the Cartesian Coordinate
System with both absolute and relative coordinates.
Describe the Polar Coordinate System using absolute and relative
coordinates.
> Apply the draw commands to draw objects using the Polar Coordinate
System.

Pre T^^Zl
Given the figure below.
Find X , Y coordinate of
the ff:

1. Red A:
2. RedB:
3. RedC:
4. RedD:
5. Blue A:
6. Blue B :
7. BlueC
8. Blue D:

: use the point that touches the line>

©MDSG 2017
 w
Describe the
Cartesian
Coordinate

Describe the Polar

Coordinate.

The Cartesian Coordinate System

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system tliat specifies each point uniquely in
a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two
fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.

The Cartesian Coordinate

System consists of two numbered lines
crossing perpendicular to one another
at their zero values. The horizontal X-3.Y5 s-.
X2 Y 4
axis is the X-axis and the vertical axis 4- -
is the Y-axis. See Figure 2. 3- -
Coordinate value is assigned to each 2- -
[Link]
location on the current construction N, 1

plane. Each coordinate value consists -X J I I H h

of a pair of numbers, the first of which .1 - .
is the X-coordinate and the second is
the Y-coordinate, written X , Y . For
example, X2,Y4 is a location 2 units to •4
X-6.Y-4
the right and 4 units up from XO,YO or -5
0,0. The X and Y values are separated •« X4.Y-6
by a comma.
To accurately draw an
AutoCAD two dimensional (2D)
drawing, coordinate locations must be Figure 2
entered as X Y coordinates. These X Y coordinates are has The Cartesian Coordinates Stem.

©MDSG 2017
^'cartesian coordinates can be entered into AutoCAD as either absolute or relative coordinates.

Absolute Cartesian Coordinates

Absolute Cartesian Coordinates are always referenced to the absolute origin 0,0,
For example: 3,4.

Relative Cartesian Coordinates

Relative Cartesian Coordinates are incremental to the lastpoint. To indicate to AutoCAD that the

J
coordinate being entered is relative, an @ is entered before the coordinate value.
For example: @2,6. This means ' from the lastpoint go 2 units in the positive X

Z__
and 6 units in the positive Y '.

The polar coordinate system is a two-

dimensional coordinate system in which each point
on a plane is determined by a distance from a
reference point and an angle from a reference
direction.
Polar coordinate is represented by Distance followed
by a < symbol and an angle, for example: 10<25.
Angles are measured in degrees, with 0 = East and 90
= North. Any of these numbers can have decimal
values.
Figure 3
Polar Coordinate

Absolute Polar Coordinates

Absolute polar coordinates are measured from

the U C S origin (0,0), which is the intersection of
the A'and Faxes. Use absolute polar coordinates when
the precise distance and angle coordinates of the point
are specified.

With dynamic input, absolute coordinates can be

specifies with the # prefix. I f coordinates are entered to
the command line instead from the toohip, the # prefix
is not used. For example, in entering #3<45 specifies a
point 3 units from the origin at an angle of 45 degrees
from the axis.

Figure 4 shows two lines drawn with absolute

Figure 4
Absolute Polar Coordinates
©MDSG 2017
polar coordinates using the default angle direction setting. Enter the following

Command: line
From point: 0,0
To point: 4<120 '
To point: 5<30

Relative Polar Coordinates

Relative coordinates are based on the

last point entered. Use relative coordinates when
p(«l>lHi&pOlfli-
the location of a point in relation to the previous
point is identified.
pfWOtilpOfl
To specify relative coordinates,
precede the coordinate values with an @ sign.
For example, entering @1<45 specifies a point at
a distance of 1 unit from the last point specified
at an angle of 45 degrees from the X axis.

The following example shows two

lines drawn with relative polar coordinates. In
each illustration, the line begins at the location
labeled as the previous point.
Figure 5
The Cartesian Coordinates

Command: line
From point: @3<45
To point: @5<285

©MDSG 2017
 Activity 1

Given the figure above with grid spacing 0.5 both X and Y . Find the following:

1. What is the X , Y coordinate point of the figure?

Write Relative Cartesian coordinate of the line for the next numbers.

2.
3.
4.

Distinguish the dimension of the next numbers

5.
6.

7. What is the absolute Cartesian Coordinate command for the line?

See attached rubric on page # for guidance.

©MDSG 2017
 Activity 2

Given the figure above with grid spacing 0.5 both X and Y . Find the following:

1. Wiiat is tiie center point of figure 1 ?

2. Give the absolute polar coordinate of the figure.

3. What is the X , Y coordinate of the figure?

4. What is the relative polar coordinate of the object?

5. What is the intersection point of figure 1 and figure 2?

6. What is the diameter of figure 1?

7. Write the dimension of the object.

See attached rubric on page # for guidance.

©MDSG 2017
DRAWING O B J E C T S

There are two ways to draw an object in CAD. First is thru the command prompt by typing the
name of the object e.g line/1; circle/c; polyline/pline/pl. And the other one is by using the draw toolbar.
Line, Ray, Construction line. Multiline, Polyline, 3D Polyline, Polygon, Rectangle, Helix, Arc,
Circle, Donut, Spline, Ellipse, Block, Table, Point, Point, Hatch, Boundary, Region, text are the buttons
found on the drawing toolbar.

Figure 5
Drawing Toolbar

Lines using the line command can be drawn with the mouse, as well as absolute, relative, polar
coordinates,
coordinator.

Similarly, we 5^ D r a w t o o l b a r :

can draw lines Or aw m e n u : Line

directly over
C o m m a n d e n t r y : line
the command ^

line prompt Specify' first point: Specify a point or press E N T E R to c o t i t i i m e from the last drawn iine or arc
by entering
S p e c i f y next point or f C l o s e i U n d o ]
the line
command and then by giving certain coordinates.

Drjwtoolii: /
[Link] j
) Draw menu; Consfructiwi Liie

£comn)«i(!eiitr>';|iine
k<mimaiHlentiy;tfne
SpeciffstartpointSpeci^apoWff)

Specify a e s i t oi HofiVefiMsect'Offsetl: SpecH^spoMoi^n^isn cyjtofl

Cuirent line-width is <c«fre#

Specif;iiextpow<orjArcCI05eMwi(«hieiifllliWo.W/i<lthl:So^^

VOtawtoolbac
O
J^Oiawtoolbai:
j t ) Draw menu: E
Draw menu: Spine
ficomnwiidflitiyrelpM
S C o m m a n d entry: splbw
Specify axis emtooWuf ellipse or [ftfcCertefteocffctel: S{mifysp(Morei^isno!^n
S p e c i f v T i r s t point or [Obiectl Specify a point or entero

The Isocircle option is available only when you set the Style option of ^ to Isometnc.

©MDSG 2017
 fcoiWloolbsi: ; 2^'.

0 Jb Draw menu: HsJch

ibriraAiiwiiiii&Cle Scon>m8n(!emiy;hiteli

Ec»mnuml«itttv:ci[tle
The Hatch and Gradieiil dialoq box is displayed
Specify center poiil (or circle or i f (Tl»ee PomlsCT ITwo PomlsWIi to l a i tadiusH SmymMoterfy as
opto)
If you enter -hatch at the Command prompt. HATCH displays prompts on the command line.

0
5b Orjw menu; Polygon
A
J6 Draw fueiiu: Text > Miitiftne Text
EcomriMfld entipolygon
Point!p Doubte-cScka?m*inetextob^.
Enter number Of sicies <ms!p: £m a valuie befimn 3 and f024 oipress E N T E R
S c o m m , : i i H i .jituy; inteit
ScecifvcenterofDolygoii or Specify a poM(i} ores^rt

Current text style: cwrenfText lieight current

Specify first corner:

Specify opposite corner or [HeighlUustify/Line spacing/Rotation/SlyieiWidfli):

polygons

•
%t>mmmkc
r )Diawto<)lt).i!:

S Comiwml eiiu/. rertans or redMjte

Bconmiandertiyite Current settings: Rotaiiuri:u

S p e i * M £ i S Of arc or fCeWerKpec^apoi))!: enterc, orpre^ M E f i to starttannenttofastIwt, [Link] Soecif^fitsl corner point or jChamtwf leva<ion,f iHetiTliickiiessWiahl S!)ecify30!)torentsran0o!)

G o o
32 33 34 35 36
$6 D r a w t o o l b a r :

O r a M m e n u : PoM • •
64 65 66 67
•68
B c o m i T t a n d entry: point
Specify a point • • &
98 97 98
IS
99
•100

©MDSG 2017
BASIC COMlVL\NDS FOR L I N E
Line Command
Creates single straight line segments
1. Choose Draw, Line,
or
2. Click the Line icon.

or

3. Type L I N E from the command prompt

Command: L I N E or L
4. Press E N T E R
5. Pick From point: (point)
6. Pick Specify next point or [Close/Undo] :(point)
7. Pick Specify next point or [Close/Undo] :(point)
8. Press E N T E R to end line sequence
or
PICK
9. Type U to undo the last segment POINT
To point: U (undo)
or
10. Type C to create a closed polygon
To point: C (close)
PICK CLOSE
POINT

Pline Command
A polyline is a coimected sequence of line segments created as a single object. You can
create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two.

1. Choose Draw, Polyline.

or
2. Pick the Pline icon.
3. Type P L I N E at the command prompt
Command : P L I N E or P L
4. Pick A point on the drawing to start the polyline From point:(select)
5. Type One ofthe following options
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>:
or
6. Pick A point to continue drawing
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/UndoAVidth/<endpointof line>: (pickpoint)

Polyline as one segment

 Laboratory Work 2-A

Objective: The learners will be abletodraw object usingflieCQtnmarxl Pline/PL.

A.
Instructions:

Using the N E W command, start a new drawing using the template 2D English.
Enter the L I N E command

Command: pi <Enter>
Specify start point: 2,2 <Enter>
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w <Enter>
Specify starting width <0.0000>: 0.1 <Enter>
Specify ending width <0.1000>: <Enter>
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 5,1 <Enter>
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @1.5<90 <Enter>
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @3.5,0 <Enter>
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @2.5<120 <Enter> Specify next
point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @5<180 <Enter>
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/LengthAJndoAVidth]: C

What does it looks like?

( Draw the Output)

Save the drawing as L A B 2-A " F A M I L Y NAME" and Close the drawing.

See attached rubric on page # for guidance.

©MDSG 2017
 Laboratory Work 2 - B

Objective: The leaniers will be able to draw djjed with polar coordi^

A.
Instructions:
In the command line enter the following:
Command: line
Specify start point: 1,1
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @8,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/UndoAVidth]: @3<120
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0,3
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-4,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @2<-12
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @3<-120
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/LengthAJndo/Width]: @0,-l
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-5,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-4,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfv^dth/Length/Undo/Width]: c

What does it looks like?

(Draw the Output)

Save the drawing as L A B 2-B " F A M I L Y N A M E " and Close the drawing.

See attached rubric on page # for guidance.

©MDSG 2017
 Laboratory Work 2 - C

Objective: The leameis will be able to draw object using command prompt based on the given figure.

C . l Using the line Command draw the figure below with the exact coordinate and dimensions
( dim = inches ).

?C—H

/ \
10 10

START X45,Y130

Save your drawing as Lab 2 - C. 1 " F A M I L Y N A M E "

Write the commands you use to draw the figure.

©MDSG 2017
 c.2 Using tlie Command Prompt draw the figure below with the exact coordinate and
dimensions (dim = inches).

Save the drawing as L A B 2 - C.2 " F A M I L Y NAME" and Close the drawing.
Write the commands you use to draw the figure.

©MDSG 2017
Lesson 3
M O D I F Y : Offset; Mirror; Fillet

"A r o u n d m a n c a n n o t b e e x p e c t e d t o fit i n a s q u a r e h o l e right away.

H e m u s t h a v e t i m e t o modify h i s s h a p e . "
- Mark Twain

> Functions of Modify Tools

> Edit objects thru
a. Trim; Move; Copy; Mirror
b. Fillet; Offset; Chamfer

At the end of the lesson the learners can:

> Compute the dimension of the object to modify.

> Load and adjust existing object for work revision .
> Manipulate the modify toolbar buttons in drafting figures.

lest

Match the word in column A with the meaning from column B

A B

1. Mirror a. make longer or wider

2. Cut b. rounding of a corner of a design.
3. Fillet c. to reflect an object in a reverse direction
4. Offset d. originate the object
5. Chamfer e. to divide or make something smaller
6. Copy f. to make a symmetrical sloping edge.
7. Extend g. be capable of being made longer
8. Stretch h. to cause to turn or move about an axis
9. Rotate i. place out of line.
10. Move j . an exact duplicate of an object
k. change position

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^
22
 What are the effects after modifying?

OFFSET

The OFFSET command allows you to create a drawing object parallel to an existing drawing object at a
specified distance from the original drawing object. OFFSET is a powerful command and if used when
applicable, will change the way how to construct objects and improve drawing productivity. Drawing
objects like lines, circles, and arcs can be offset plus many others.

AutoCAD Command:
OFFSET
The OFFSET command is used to create a drawing object parallel to an existing drawing object at a
specified distance from the original object.

Shortcut: O

Offset

When a drawing object is offset, the newly constructed offset

drawing object will reside on the same layer as the original
object, regardless of the current layer. Offset can be applied to

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object at a specified distance or tlirough a point. After offset is applied to objects, trim and extend are
helpful tool to create drawings containing many parallel lines and curves.

MIRROR

Creates a mirrored copy of selected objects.

You can create objects that represent half of a drawing, select them, and mirror them across a specified
line to create the other half

^ ^ mirror

TRIM ( C O M M A N D )

TRIM command runs with the toolbar or from the MODIFY menu, text = Modify> Trim, or the
command line prompt, type the command.
TRIM command can be cut off parts of the line

[-^
?0 Mo<<tfy toolbat: 1
Modify menu; Trim
6 Command entry; trkn
Current settings: Projection = cment Edge = current
Select cutting edges.,
Select objects or <select all>: Select one or more objects and press ENTER, or press ENTER to sefect all displayed
ob/ecls

To trim objects, select the boundaries and press Enter. Then select the objects that you want to trim. To
use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt.

Select cutting edges

Specifies one or more objects to be used as a boundary for the trim. TRIM projects the cutting edges and
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the objects to be trimmed onto the plane of the current user coordinate system (UCS).
Select objects
Specifies objects individually.
Select all
Specifies that all objects in the drawing can be used as a trim boundary.
Object to Trim ®<*9«
Specifies the object to trim. If more than one trim result is possible, the location of the first selection
point determines the result.
obiects to tnm
Edge
Determines whether an object is trimmed at another object's exttapolated edge or only to an object that intersects
it in 3D space.
object to uim
sefeaed cutting
edge
F I L L E T (COMMAND)
A round or fillet is
• an arc that is created tangent between two 2D objects.
• a curved transition between two surfaces or adjacent faces on a 3D solid.
Create 2D Fillets
A round or fillet can be created between two objects of the same or different object types: 2D polylines,
arcs, circles, ellipses, elliptical arcs, lines, rays, splines, and xlines.
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If the two selected objects are on the same layer, the arc defined is created on that layer. Otherwise, the
arc is created on the current layer. The layer affects object properties including color and linetype.
The following prompts are displayed when creating a 2D fillet.
First Object
Select the first of two objects or the first line
segment of a 2D polyline to define the fillet.
Second object or shift-select to apply corner
Select the second object or line segment of a 2D
polyline to define the fillet.
1
The direction and length of the arc created is
determined by the points picked to select the objects. Always select an object closest to where the
endpoints of the fillet are to be drawn.
CHAMFER (COMMAND)
A bevel or chamfer is
• an angled line that meets the endpoints of two
straight 2D objects.
• a sloped transition between two surfaces or
adjacent faces on a 3D solid.
The distances and angles that you specify are applied in
the order that you select the objects.
Create 2D Chamfer
A bevel or chamfer can be defined by selecting two objects of the same or different object types: lines,
polylines, rays, and xlines.
If the two selected objects are on the same layer, the line defined is created on that layer. Otherwise, the
line is created on the current layer. The layer affects object properties including color and linetype.
The following prompts are displayed when creating a 2D chamfer.
First Line
Select the first of two objects or the first line segment of a 2D polyline to define the chamfer.
Second line or shift-select to apply
corner
Select the second object or line segment of a
2D polyline to define the chamfer.
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 Activity 1 '
Using the NEW command, start a new drawing. In the command line enter the
following:
Command: mline
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: 1,1
Specify next point: @0,12
Specify next point or [Undo]: @15,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-12
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 6,6
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 2
Command: o
OFFSET
Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: 2
Select object to offset or <exit>:
*****Click on the circle*****
*****Click outside the circle's border to offset object*****
*****Get the dimension*****
What does it looks like?
( Draw the Output)
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 Activity 2
Using NEW template, start a new drawing. In the command line enter the following:
Command: pline
Specify start point: 4,4
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
Specify starting width <0.0000>: .1
Specify ending width <0.1000>:
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/UndoAVidth]: @2<0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/UndoAVidth]: @ K90
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second ptAJndoAVidth]: @2.5<90
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @.5<90
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/LengthAJndo/Width]: @2<180
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/LengthAJndo/Width]: *Cancel*
Command: mirror
*****Click the object*****
Select objects: 1 found
Specify first point of mirror line: Specify second point of mirror line:
******click on the object's end point*****
******click on the other end point ******
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: n
******Add dimension linear/radius/diameter*****
What does it looks like?
( Draw the Output)
Save the drawing as LAB 4.2 "FAMILY NAME" and Close the drawing.
See attached rubric on page # for guidance.
 Check
Laboratory Work 3 - A
Objective: The learners will be abletodraw and modify object using offset, mirror,fiDet,trim tofit-inthe given figure.
<Dim=inch>
16,7-
Save the drawing as LAB 3 - A "FAMILY NAME" and Close the drawing.
Discuss how you draw and edit the figure.
See attached rubric on page # for guidance.
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 Laboratory Work 3 - B
Objective: Tlie learners will be able to use modify toolbar with object having angular displacement <Dim
=m>
8,0000
4,0000
5,1300
8,2600
Save the drawing as LAB 3 - A "FAMILY NAME" and Close the drawing.
Discuss how you draw and edit the figure.
See attached rubric on page # for guidance.
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Lesson 4: USING HATCH ON OBJECT
Hatch fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid fill, or gradient fill.
The pattern represents a selected material. By default, bounded hatches are associative, which
means that the hatch object is associated with the hatch boundaty objects: changes to the
boundar)' objects are automatically applied to the hatch.
To Hatch or Fill an Object or an Area
Using command line:
if you enter -HATCH at the Command prompt, options are displayed.
Choose from several methods to specify the boundaries of a hatch.
• Specify a point in an area that is enclosed by objects,
• Select objects that enclose an area.
• Specify' boundary points using the -HATCH Draw option.
The following prompts are displayed.
Pick internal point
Determines a boundary from existing objects that form an enclosed area around the
specified point.
hatch bourcary result
Select objects
Determines a boundary from selected objects that form an enclosed area.
 hatcn tXHTioary fesu»
Remove boaDdaries
(Available only when adding hatches from within the Hatch and Gradient dialog box)
Removes the hatch {attems added during the currently active HATCH command. Click
the pattern you want to remove.
«
Add boundaries
(Available only when adding hatches trom within the Hatch and Gradient dialog box)
Switches from the Remove Boundaries mode so you can add hatch patterns again.
Using the Toolbar:
1. Click Home tab > Draw panel > Hatch. Find ^
2. On the Properties panel > Hatch Type list, select the type of hatch that you want to me.
3. On the Pattern panel, click a hatch pattern or till
4. On the Boundaries panel, specify the how the |»ttern boundary is selected:
• Pick Points. The "Pick Points" will determine a boundary around the specified point.
Inserts the hatch or fill within a closed area that is bounded by one or more objects.
With this method, you click within the boimdaries to specity the area.
• Select Boundary Objects. This will allow you to manually select the boundaries of
the area that you would like to hatch. Inserts the hatch or fill vi/ithin a closed object,
such as a circle, closed polyline, or a set of objects with endpoints that touch and
enclose an area,
5. Click an area or object to be hatched.
6. On the ribbon, make any adjustments as needed:
• On the Properties panel, you can change the hatch type and colors or modify the
transparency level, angle, or scale for the hatch.
• On the expanded Options panel, you can change the draw order to specify' whether
the hatch and its boundary are displayed in front of or behind other objects.
 7. Press Enter to apply the hatch and exit the command.
Note: Enclosed areas can be hatched only if the)' are in a plane parallel to the X Y plane ofthe
current UCS.
To Hatch or Fill a Large Number of Closed Objects
1. Use a window, crossing, or fence selection method to select all the closed objects to hatch
or fill.
Alternatively, select a closed object, nght-click, and choose Select Similar from the
shortcut menu.
2. Start the Hatch (or -Hatch) command and choose any options or settings.
3. If necessary, specify the Select Objects option.
4. At the prompt, enter p (Previous) and press Enter.
The objects in the previous selection set are hatched or filled.
Activity 1
Using hatch draw thefigurebelow with different hatch pattern and name the pattern.
 00
^
) 0 0 0 uu UUU
0 00 c
) 0 00 n p "
0 00 c
)000
0 0 0 c 1 (1 uf u u ,,
3a 0 • • • c
3a • • a • c
POODDQt
D 00•D•[
30 a DD a [
] • • • • • [
I I I' I I
I I I I I lOOODQC
I I I I I
i 1 1 1 I I : DQOaDQC
I : r I I I r
Discuss how you draw and edit the figure.
Lesson 5: Layers
Layers organize the drawings, enabling to tem|»rarily suppress the display of unneeded
graphical data. It can also use to assign default properties such as color and line type to each
layer.
When a drawing becomes visually complex, objects that are currently not in use can be
hidden thru layers.
Figure 5.1
In figure 5.1 it shows the actual drawing. The different parts of tlie drawing can be
divided into ditterent layers according to its function. In the drawing below, the doors and
electrical wiring were temporarily hidden by turning off their layers.
This level of control may be used in
organizing the objects in the drawing on
layers that are associated with a specific
function or a purpose. It might be helpful
to think of laj'ers as clear plastic sheets:
Figure 5.2
1

Layer Settings

The following are the most commonly used layer settings in the Layer Properties Manager. You
click the icon to turn the setting on and off.

• Turn off layers. You turn off layers to reduce the visual complexity of your drawing while you
work.

9 t

• Freeze layers. You freeze layers that you do not need to access for a while. Freezing layers is
similar to turning them off but improves performance in very large drawings.

• Lock layers. You lock layers when you want to prevent accidental changes to the objects on
those layers. Also,- the objects on locked layers appear faded, which helps reduce the visual
complexity' of your drawing, but stit! Sets you see the objects faintly.

• Set default properties. You set the default properties for each layer, including color, line type,
line weight, and transparency. New objects that you create will use these properties unless you
override them. Overriding layer properties is explained later in this topic.

Controls in the Layer Properties Manager

To create a new layer, click the button shown and enter the name of the new layer To make a
different layer the
create a new layer make the selected layer current current one, click the
layer and then click
the itidicated button.
 With layers, you can
Cabinets
Associate objects by their function or location
Fixtures
Display or hide all related objects in a single
operation ElectritJl
Enforce linetype, color, and other property
Doors
standards for each layer
Floor plan
Layer Controls: How to use
To see how a drawing is organized, use the L A Y E R command to open the Layer Properties
Manager. Y'ou can either enter LAYER or LA in the Command window, or you can click the
Layer Properties tool on the ribbon.
Here's what the Layer
Properties Manager displays in
this drawmg.
As indicated layer 10 WALLS is the current layer. All new objects are automatically placed on
that layer. In the list of layers, the green check next to layer 10 WALLS confirms that it is the
current layer.
Current layer 10 WALIS
In the column labeled On, notice that the
light bulb icons for two layers are dark.
Filters « ;.,.[Link] .» O n ftetie Lock Coior
These layers were turned off to hide the
S i All Used Layers ^ 0 f * a wfitte doors and electrical wiring in the floor
^ 0 1 VIEWPORTS t o" 82 plan.
*• 11 FACING f -*• S 140
' U HATCH • „^ UO Notice that each layer name starts with a
' 15 DOORS t „• ISO
20HtCiKKAL T • o" 212
two-digit ntmiber. This convention makes
' 30FxrruRES • • „ 170 it easy to control the order of the layers
31APPUANCES • • „" 250 because their order does not defend on
32HV'AC • • „" 250
- 33 CABINETRY • •• „' 250
the alphabet.
- 40 TEXT • • „" 83
• Invert filter « ^ 4 1 ANNOTATION • • „' 162
l i layers displayed of 14 total layire
 Quick Access to Layer Settings
f 10 WALLS current layer
5, "jt ^ Make Current The Layer Properties Manager takes up
Layer a lot of space, and you don't aKv^ys
Properties 5^. % 5, Match Layer need to ^cess all the options. For quick
access to the most common layer
Layers "
controls, use the controls on the ribbon.
When no objects are selected, the
Layers pane! on the Home tab displays the name of the current layer as shown here.
Occasionally, check to make sure that the objects
you create will be on the correct layer It's easy to
forget to do this, but it's also easy to set. Click the
drop-down arrow to display a list of layers, and
then click a layer on the list to make it the current
layer. You can also click on any icon in the list to
change its setting.
ACTIVITY 1
Draw thefigurebelow using the layer with different line type
Discuss how you draw the figure.
 LABORATORY WORK 1
Draw the figure below using layers. Each color represents a iayer. Separate the tables by using
hatch. Follow the actual dimension.
COMPUTER ROOM
25'
COLUMN (X4).
r (TYP)-
L!
2'-8" T 2-8' •l'-6'
n' •15' -13'-
Write the layers that you use In this Pro|ect.
Layer Name Color Linetype Description
 LABC JRYWO...
Draw the layout below with corresponding layers to each part. Each color corresponds to a layer.
Change the dimension style to engineering
0 3 6 " EXTERIOR DOOR
(D 3 0 " INTERIOR DOOR
@ CLOSET DOOR
0 7 8 " SLIDING GL^SS DOOR
Write the layers that you use in this Project.
Layer Name Color Linetype Description