mßg Aa¨vq: gy`ªvùxwZ

Inflation

gy`ªvùxwZ ev g~j¨ùxwZi aviYv (Concept of Inflation)

➢ `xN©w`b a‡i µgvMZ fv‡e `ªe¨ ev †mev mvgMÖxi mvwe©K `vg¯Íi e„w×i cÖeYZv‡K gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
➢ mvaviY `vg¯Íi µge„w×i cÖeYZvB n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZ (Inflation is a tendency towards a continuing rise in the general
level of price) ‡hgb- †`‡ki `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi `vg¯Íi 1% → 2% → 3% → 4% → Gfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡e|
➢ A_©bxwZwe` µvD_vi (Crowther) e‡jb, Ògy`ªvùxwZ Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v hLb A‡_©i g~j¨ µgvMZ nªvm cvq A_©vr `ª‡e¨i `vg µ‡gB
ev‡o|Ó (Inflation is a situation when the value of money decrease continuously. i.e price of goods increase
gradually.)
➢ m¨vgy‡qjmb (Samuelson) e‡jb, Ò`ªe¨mvgMÖx I Drcv`‡bi Dcv`v‡bi `vg e„w×i mgq‡K mvaviYfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|Ó (By
inflation we mean a time of generally rising prices for goods and factors of production.)
➢ A_©bxwZwe` cj AvBbwRM e‡jb, Ògy`ªvùxwZ n‡”Q µq¶gZvi cÖmvigyLx MwZ, hv `vg¯Í‡ii e„w× NUvq|Ó
➢ Aa¨vcK n‡Æ e‡jb, ÒAZ¨waK gy`ªvi cÖPjb‡KB gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|Ó
➢ A_©bxwZwe` Kzjeb© (Culborn) e‡jb, Ògy`ªvùxwZ Ggb GK cwiw¯’wZ hLb AwaK cwigvY gy`ªv Aí cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖxi wcQ‡b avweZ
nq|Ó (Inflation is a situation when too much money chases too few goods.)
➢ Aa¨vcK wc¸ (Pigoue) e‡jb, ÒhLb Avw_©K Avq Drcv`bkxj Kg©Kv‡Ði Zzjbvq †ewk nv‡i ev‡o ZLbB gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|Ó
(Inflation exists where money income is expending more then in proportion to income earning activity.)
➢ AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe` jW© †KBm (Lord Keynes) e‡jb, Òc~Y© wb‡qvM Ae¯’vi c‡i Drcv`‡bi cwigvY w¯’i †_‡K †gvU Kvh©Ki Pvwn`v
e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Í‡ii †h µgvMZ e„w× N‡U ZvB n‡jv cÖK…Z gy`ªvùxwZ|Ó (Real inflation exists after full employment when
output remaining constant price level increases continuously due to the increase of total effective demand.)
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi ˆewkó¨:
1. `vg¯Íi µgvMZfv‡e e„w× cvq|
2. A‡_©i µqÿgZv ev A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq|
3. ¯^í cwigvY †mev I `ª‡e¨i Rb¨ AwaK A_© e¨q nq|
4. mvgwMÖK †hvMvb (AS) A‡cÿv mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v (AD) e„w× cvq|
5. g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ (Creeping inflation) wewb‡qvM, Kg©ms¯’vb I Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ mnvqK|
6. Djøçb gy`ªvùxwZ (Hyper/ galloping inflation) A_©bxwZ‡Z Pig fvimvg¨nxb Ae¯’v m„wó K‡i|
➢ hLb †`‡k cÖPwjZ A‡_©i cwigvY Drcvw`Z †gvU `ªe¨mvgMÖxi Zzjbvq AwaK nq Ges Zvi d‡j `ªe¨g~j¨ ev `vg¯Íi µgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z
_v‡K †m Ae¯’v‡KB Ògy`ªvùxwZÓ e‡j|
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi cÖevn wPÎ:
evsjv‡`‡k e¨vsK †_‡K gy`ªvùxwZ ev gy`ªvùxwZi
→ ‡`‡ki `ªe¨ †mevi `vg¯Íi e„w× (Pgs) → gy`ªvi g~j¨ n«vm (Vm) →
gy`ªvi †hvMvb e„w× (MS) ewnt cÖKvk (I) N‡U
➢ gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `ª‡e¨i `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© mivmwi I gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i mv‡_ wecixZgyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb|

gy`ªvms‡KvPb (Deflation)
➢ hLb †`‡k `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi †hvMvb A‡cÿv A‡_©i †hvMvb Kg nq, Gi d‡j `vg¯Íi µgvMZ I Ae¨vnZfv‡e n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K
gy`ªvms‡KvPb e‡j|
➢ gy`ªvms‡KvP‡bi ˆewkó¨:
1. `vg¯Íi n«vm cvq|
2. wewb‡qvM, Kg©ms¯’vb, Drcv`b n«vm cvq Ges †eKviZ¡ e„w× cvq|
3. e¨emv‡qi gybvdv n«vm cvq|
4. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v n«vm cvq|
5. RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb n«vm cvq|
6. A_©bxwZ‡Z g›`ve¯’v †`Lv †`q|
▪ gy`ªvùxwZ I gy`ªvms‡KvP‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
cv_©‡K¨i welq gy`ªvùxwZ gy`ªvms‡KvPb
1| msÁv hLb AwaK cwigvY A_© Aí cwigvY `ª‡e¨i w`‡K c~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi m‡½ RwoZ `vg¯Íi A‡cÿv PjwZ `vg¯Íi hw`
avweZ nq, Zv‡K gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j| †b‡g hvq Z‡e †`‡ki Avq I wb‡qvM K‡g, †mB Ae¯’v‡K
gy`ªvms‡KvPb e‡j|
2| wewb‡qvM wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq| wewb‡qvM n«vm cvq|
3| A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq| A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq|
4| `vg¯Íi `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq| `vg¯Íi n«vm cvq|
5| Drcv`b g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ‡Z Drcv`b e„w× cvq| Drcv`b n«vm cvq|
6| mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v n«vm cvq|
7| Kg©ms¯’vb Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× cvq| Kg©ms¯’vb n«vm cvq|
8| wewb‡qvM g„`y gy`ªùxwZ‡Z wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq wewb‡qvM n«vm cvq|
9| †eKviZ¡ Ae¨eüZ m¤ú` e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y †eKviZ¡ n«vm ‡eKviZ¡ e„w× cvq|
cvq|
10| A_©‰bwZK g›`v g„`y gy`ªùxwZi d‡j A_©bxwZi g›`v Ae¯’v n‡Z A_©bxwZ µ‡gB g›`v ev gnvg›`vi w`‡K avweZ nq|
DËiY N‡U|
11| cÖe„w× A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b gy`ªvùxwZ mnvqK A_©‰bwZK cÖew„ × AR©‡b gy`ªvms‡KvPb ÿwZKi cÖfve
†d‡j|
12| RxebhvÎvi gvb g„`y gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb e„w× RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb-n«vm cvq|
cvq|

gy`ªvùxwZi cÖKvi‡f` (Types of inflation)

➢ gy`ªvùxwZ wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| gy`ªvùxwZi KviY Ges `vg¯Íi e„w×i MwZ‡e‡Mi wfwˇZ A_©bxwZwe`&MY gy`ªvùxwZ‡K wewfbœ †kªYx‡Z
wef³ K‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ cÖKvi gy`ªvùxwZ m¤c‡K© wb‡P ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
▪ KviY Abymv‡i cÖKvi‡f`:
1. A_© mieivn e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Currency induced inflation): hLb †Kvb †`‡ki miKvi KZ©…K cÖPwjZ A‡_©i †hvMvb
e„w×i d‡j g~j¨¯Íi e„w× cvq ZLb Zv‡K ÔA_© e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq| mvaviYZ miKvi ev †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©…K AwZwi³ KvMRx
†bvU Qvcv‡bvi d‡j G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U|
2. FY e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Credit induced inflation): hLb †Kvb †`‡ki Avw_©K cÖwZôvbmg~n we‡kl K‡i evwbwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n
FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ A_© evRv‡i Qv‡o ZLb `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq| G ai‡bi g~j¨e„wׇK ÔFYRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq |
3. gRywi e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Wage induced inflation): A‡bK mgq kªwgK‡`i gRywi e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Í‡ii e„w× N‡U| G ai‡bi
g~j¨ e„wׇK ÔgRywi e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq|
4. gybvdv e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Profit induced inflation): A‡bK mgq Drcv`bKvix‡`i gybvdv e„w×i d‡j †`‡k `vg¯Íi e„w×
cvq| G ai‡bi g~j¨ e„wׇK Ôgybvdv e„w×RwbZ g~j¨ùxwZ' ejv nq|
5. Avq e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Income induced inflation): A‡bK mgq Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Avq e„w×i d‡j †`‡k `vg¯Íi
e„w×cvq| G ai‡bi g~j¨ e„wׇK ÔAvq e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq|
6. NvUwZ e¨qRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Deficit induced inflation): hLb †Kvb †`‡k hy× ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †`Lv †`q A_ev
Dbœqb cwiKíbvi A_©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ AwZwi³ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq ZLb miKvi NvUwZ e¨qbxwZ AbymiY K‡i| Gi d‡j †`‡k A‡_©i
†hvMvb I `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq| G ai‡bi g~j¨ e„wׇK ÔNvUwZ e¨qRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq|
7. Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Demand pull inflation): A‡bK mgq †Kvb †`‡k wewb‡qvM e„w× ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y Drcvw`Z
`ªe¨mvgMÖx A_©vr mvgwMÖK †hvMv‡bi Zzjbvq mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq| Gfv‡e mgv‡R mvgwMÖK †hvMv‡bi Zzjbvq mvgwMÖK
Pvwn`v e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Í‡ii †h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K ÔPvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ev Pvwn`v cÖ‡Yvw`Z gy`ªvùxwZ' (Demand pull inflation)
ejv nq|
8. e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Cost push inflation): kªwg‡Ki gRywi, KvuPvgvj, hš¿cvwZ Ges Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi `vg
e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Í‡ii †h µgvMZ e„w× N‡U Zv‡K Ôe¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ (Cost push inflation) ejv nq|
▪ `vg¯Í‡ii MwZ‡e‡Mi wfwˇZ cÖKvi‡f`:
➢ `vg¯Í‡ii e„w×i MwZi wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZ‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
(1) g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ,
(2) c`mÂvix gy`ªvùxwZ,
(3) avegvb gy`ªvùxwZ I
(4) Djøçb gy`ªvùxwZ|
1. g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ (Mild inflation): hLb `vg¯Íi axiMwZ‡Z µgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K Ôg„`y gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq| G ai‡bi
gy`ªvùxwZ †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Lye GKUv weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i bv| eis A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b G ai‡bi
gy`ªvùxwZ wKQzUv mnvqK| G‡¶‡Î gy`ªvùxwZ _v‡K 2% ev Zvi Kg|
2. c`mÂvix gy`ªvùxwZ (Walking inflation): hLb `vg¯Íi A‡c¶vK…Z AwaK nv‡i nvuUvi MwZ‡Z evo‡Z _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K Ôc`mÂvix
gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq| G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ µgk cÖKU n‡q Zv A_©bxwZi Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq| G‡ÿ‡Î gy`ªvùxwZ _v‡K 8%- 10%|
3. avegvb gy`ªvùxwZ (Running inflation): `vg¯Íi hLb †`Š‡o P‡j, µ‡gB Zv wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j hvq, Zv‡K avegvb gy`ªvùxwZ
e‡j| GB ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ `yB ev wZb (20%, 100%) A¼ wewkó nq|
4. AwZ- gy`ªvùxwZ ev Djøçbkxj gy`ªvùxwZ (Hyper inflation or Galloping inflation): hLb `vg¯Íi AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z evo‡Z
_v‡K ZLb Zv‡K ÔAwZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ev ÔDjøçbkxj gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq| A_©bxwZi P‚ovšÍ A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
G Ae¯’vq `vg¯Íi jvwd‡q jvwd‡q evo‡Z _v‡K Ges A‡_©i g~j¨ `ªæZ nªvm cvq| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci Rvg©vwb‡Z G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv
wM‡qwQj, mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wR¤^vey‡q‡Z G RvZxq gy`ªùxwZ †`Lv wM‡q‡Q|

▪ wbqš¿‡Yi wfwˇZ cÖKvi‡f`

(1) Aeva gy`ªvùxwZ I (2) `wgZ gy`ªvùxwZ|
1. Aeva gy`ªvùxwZ: miKvwi KZ©…c¶ hw` g~j¨ e„wׇK wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z †Kvb iKg †Póv bv K‡i Ges g~j¨e„w× Aeva MwZ‡Z ev evavnxbfv‡e
Pj‡Z _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K ÔAeva gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq|
2. `wgZ gy`ªvùxwZ: `vg¯Íi e„w×i MwZ‡K hLb wewfbœ miKvwi e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Ô`wgZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq|
Giƒc †¶‡Î miKvi wewfbœ wbqš¿Yg~jK e¨e¯’v; †hgb- `ª‡e¨i m‡e©v”P `vg wba©viY, †ikwbs e¨e¯’v, e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y cÖf…wZ e¨e¯’v
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨ e„w× wbqš¿Y K‡i| G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ‡K Ôwbqš¿Y ev `wgZ gy`ªvùxwZÕ ejv nq |

▪ †KBbmxq cÖKvi‡f` (wb‡qvMwfwËK)

➢ A_©bxwZwe` jW© †KBb&m wb‡qvM cwiw¯’wZi wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZ‡K `y'fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb| h_v-
(1) cÖK…Z gy`ªvùxwZ (2) AvswkK gy`ªvùxwZ/evavRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ
1. cÖK…Z gy`ªvùxwZ: jW© †KBb&m Gi g‡Z, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ †Kvb †`‡k cÖPzi Ae¨eüZ m¤c` _v‡K ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ †Kvb †`‡k cÖK…Z gy`ªvùxwZ
NU‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY, A‡_©i †hvMvb evo‡j †`‡k Kg©ms¯’vb evo‡e Ges `ª‡e¨i †hvMvbI evo‡e| G Ae¯’vq `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w×i m¤¢vebv Lye
Kg| wKš‘ hLb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv c~Y© wewb‡qvM Ae¯’vq †cŠ‡Q ZLb Avi Drcv`b e„w×i m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv| Giƒc Ae¯’vq A‡_©i
†hvMvb evov‡j `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e| Giƒc `ªe¨g~j¨ e„wׇK cÖK…Z gy`ªvùxwZ ejv nq|

2. AvswkK gy`ªvùxwZ: c~Y© Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c~‡e©I A‡bK mgq wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖwZe܇Ki `iƒb Drcv`b e¨q †e‡o wKQzUv gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †hgb- A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq †h, †Kvb †Kvb `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡kl we‡kl Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡q c‡o|
d‡j Hme `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b e¨q I `vg †e‡o hvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ `ª‡e¨i DciI Gi cÖwZwµqv nq| mvgwqKfv‡e Giƒc g~j¨ e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i|
Gfv‡e c~Y© Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c~‡e© †h gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U Zv‡K AvswkK gy`ªvùxwZ ejv nq |

▪ mg‡qi wfwˇZ cÖKvi‡f`

➢ mg‡qi wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZ‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_vÑ
1. kvwšÍKvjxb gy`ªvùxwZ
2. hy×Kvjxb gy`ªvùxwZ
3. hy× cieZ©x gy`ªvùxwZ

▪ AvIZvwfwËK gy`ªvùxwZ: ïaygvÎ †`‡ki mxgvbvq gy`ªvùxwZ cwiPvwjZ n‡j Zv‡K RvZxq gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j| wek¦evRv‡i OPEC hLb R¡vjvwb
†Z‡ji `vg e„w× K‡i hy³ivóª I BD‡iv‡c `vg¯Íi ev‡o ZLb mgMÖ we‡k¦ Gi cÖfv‡e `vg¯Íi K‡i| GwU AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªvùxwZ|

▪ cÖZ¨vkvwfwËK gy`ªvùxwZ: hLb RbMY c~‡e©B fwel¨r `vg¯Íi e„w× ev gy`ªvùxwZi nvi m¤ú‡K© Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ gy`ªvùxwZ
e‡j| AvKw¯§Kfv‡e hw` †`‡k `vg¯Íi ‡e‡o hvq, Zv‡K AcÖZ¨vwkZ gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
 Pvwn`v e„w×RbwZK gy`ªvùxwZ (Demand Pull Inflation)
➢ GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v (AD) e„w× A_©vr 1. †fvM e„w× 2 wewb‡qvM e„w× 3.
miKvwi e¨q e„w× 4. ißvwb e„w× 5. gy`ªvi cwigvY e„w× 6. my‡`i nvi nªvm-Gi d‡j †h
gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U Zv‡K Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Demand Pull Inflation) ejv nq|
cv‡ki wP‡Î, E1 we›`y‡Z AD1 = AS Gi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK fvimvg¨ AwR©Z nq| d‡j P1
`vg¯Í‡i Y1 RvZxq Avq wba©vwiZ nq| mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w×i Kvi‡Y AD1 †_‡K AD2 nq
d‡j E1 E2 cwigvY AwZwi³ Pvwn`v m„wó n‡q‡Q| AD2 = AS nIqvq E2 we›`y‡Z fvimvg¨
AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w×i Rb¨ `vg¯Íi P1 †_‡K P2 e„w× cvq hvi d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ
N‡U| AS †iLv Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx n‡j RvZxq Avq Y1 †_‡K Y2 †Z ev‡o wKš‘ AS †iLv
Dj¤^ n‡j RvZxq Avq w¯’i _v‡K|

e¨q e„w× RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Cost Push Inflation)

➢ Drcv`b e¨q e„w×i (gRywi g~j¨, Drcv`b nªvm, fwel¨r g~j¨ e„w×i Avk¼v, c~Y© wb‡qv‡M
cÖwZeÜKZv, †c‡Uªvj, we`y¨‡Zi †hvMvb nªvm) d‡j mvgwMÖK †hvMvb (AS) nªv‡mi gva¨‡g
†h gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q, Zv‡K e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ (Cost Push Inflation) e‡j|
Drcv`b nªvm Ges DcKi‡Yi `vg e„w×i Kvi‡Y mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv (AS) ev‡g ¯’vbvšÍi
nq Ges g~j¨ e„w× cvq| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq AD1 = AS1 nIqvq, Y1 Avq¯Í‡i P1 `vg
wba©vwiZ nq| mvgwMÖK †hvMvb nªv‡mi d‡j mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv AS1 †_‡K AS2 nIqvq
E1 E2 cwigvY AwZwi³ †hvMvb nªvm cvq| d‡j P1 †_‡K P2 †Z `vg e„w× cvq| mvgwMÖK
†hvMvb nªv‡mi Kvi‡Y G gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U e‡j Zv‡K e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|

Pvwn`v e„w×RbwZ Ges e¨q e„w× RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

Difference Between Demand Pull Inflation and Cost Push Inflation
➢ A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v e„w×i Rb¨ `vg¯Íi e„w×i cÖeYZv‡K Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K, cY¨‡mevi Drcv`b e¨q e„w×i Rb¨
m„ó gy`ªvùxwZ‡K e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
➢ †fvM, wewb‡qvM, miKvwi e¨q, A‡_©i cwigvY e„w×i Rb¨ Pvwn`vRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq| Ab¨w`‡K, DcKi‡Yi `vg, KvuPvgv‡ji `vg,
cwienY e¨q, my‡`i nvi e„w× Ges e¨e¯’vcbv e¨q e„w×i Rb¨ e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq|
➢ Pvwn`v e„w×i Rb¨ AD †iLv Wv‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K LiP e„w×i Rb¨ AS †iLv ev‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|
➢ Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ‡Z `vg¯Íi Ges Drcv`b GKB mv‡_ ev‡o| Aciw`‡K, e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZi †ejvq `vg¯Íi ev‡o, wKš‘
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Kg‡Z _v‡K|

Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. "Inflation is such a situation when too much money chases too few goods" msÁvwU †K cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb? [iv.
†ev. '23]
(K) A_©bxwZwe` µvD_vi (L) Aa¨vcK KzjeY© (M) Aa¨vcK wc¸ (N) Aa¨vcK n‡Æ
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y gz`ªvùxwZ m„wó nq? [iv. †ev. '23]
(K) Drcv`b e„w× (L) A_© mieivn e„w× (M) Ki nvi e„w× (N) mz‡`i nvi e„w×
3. cÖK…Z gz`ªvùxwZ KLb †`Lv †`q? [h.‡ev, '23]
(K) c‚Y© wb‡qvM ¯Í‡i (L) c‚Y© wb‡qv‡Mi ci (M) c‚Y© wb‡qv‡Mi c‚‡e© (N) Ac‚Y© wb‡qvM ¯Í‡i
4. Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZi cÖavb KviY †KvbwU? [h.‡ev, '23]
(K) hz× e¨q wbe©vn (L) A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× (M) gRzwi e„w× (N) ‰e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i DØ„Ë
5. "gz`ªvùxwZ Giƒc GKwU cwiw¯’wZ hLb A‡_©i g‚j¨ µgvMZ nªvm cvq, A_©vr `ª‡e¨i `vg µ‡gB e„w× cvq|"- GwU Kvi Dw³? [P. †ev. '20]
(K) µvD_vi (L) †R. Gg. †KBÝ (M) G. wm. wc¸ (N) WvjUb
6. gz`ªvùxwZi wecixZ Ae¯’v †KvbwU? [wm.‡ev. '23]
(K) gz`ªv wbqš¿Y (L) gz`ªvms‡KvPb (M) gz`ªv nªvm (N) gz`ªv mieivn
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gz`ªvùxwZi ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© wba©viK? [wm. †ev. '23]
(K) gz`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb (L) gz`ªvi Pvwn`v (M) gz`ªvi wbqš¿Y (N) gz`ªvi †hvMvb
8. Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi `vg e„w× †c‡j †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ N‡U? [wm. †ev. '23]
(K) e¨q cÖ‡ivwPZ (L) Pvwn`v cÖ‡ivwPZ (M) A_© e„w×RwbZ (N) gzbvdv e„w×RwbZ
9. gz`ªvùxwZ n‡jv- [Xv. †ev. '22]
(K) A‡_©i g‚j¨ ev‡o (L) RbRxe‡b Aw¯’iZv K‡g Av‡m (M) ißvwbi cwigvY K‡g hvq (N) mÂqKvix jvfevb nq
10. cÖK…Z gz`ªvùxwZ KLb †`Lv †`q? [h. †ev. '22]
(K) c‚Y© wb‡qv‡Mi c‚‡e© (L) c‚Y© wb‡qv‡Mi c‡i (M) c‚Y© wb‡qvM ¯Í‡i (N) Ac‚Y© wb‡qv‡Mi c‡i
11. "gz`ªvùxwZ Ggb GKwU cwiw¯’wZ, hLb A‡_©i g‚j¨ µgvMZ nªvm cvq Ges `ªe¨g‚j¨ e„w× cvqÓ- msÁvwU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` w`‡q‡Qb? [h.
†ev. '22; e. †ev. '22]
(K) Aa¨vcK jW© †KBÝ (L) Aa¨vcK wc¸ (M) A_©bxwZwe` µvD_vi (N) A_©bxwZwe` wR. A¨vK‡j
12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gz`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨? [wm. †ev. '22]
(K) `vg¯Íi nªvm (L) ‡hvMvb e„w× (M) µq¶gZv nªvm (N) Pvwn`v nªvm
13. MwZwfwËK gz`ªvùxwZ KZ cÖKvi? [e. †ev, '22; g. †ev. '22]
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
14. gz`ªvùxwZi D`vniY †KvbwU? [mKj †evW© '18]
(K) 1% → 2% → 3% (L) 1% → 5% → 3% (M) 1% → 8% → 2% (N) 10% → 1% → 2%
15. mvaviY `vg¯Í‡ii µge„w×i cÖeYZvB n‡jv-[Xv. †ev, '22, '17; iv, †ev, '22,16']
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (M) A‡_©i Pvwn`v e„w× (N) A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×
16. "AwaK cwigvY gz`ªv Aí cwigvY `ª‡e¨i †cQ‡b avweZ nIqvi bvg gz`ªvùxwZ|" -Kvi Dw³? [h. †ev. '17; P. †ev. 16; g. †ev. '22]
(K) Kzjeb© (L) µvD_vi (M) wR. A¨vK‡j (N) wc¸
17. hLb AwaK cwigvY A_© ¯^í cwigvY `ª‡e¨i †cQ‡b avweZ nq, ZLb m„ó cwiw¯’wZ n‡jv- [Kz †ev, '16]
(K) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (L) gz`ªvùxwZ (M) w¯’Zve¯’v (N) ‡eKviZ¡
18. gy`ªvùxwZ wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? [e.‡ev.16]
𝑃𝑂 − 𝑃𝑂 𝑃𝑂 − 𝑃𝑂 𝑃𝑂 − 𝑃𝑂 𝑃𝑂 − 𝑃𝑂
(K) 𝑃 = 1 𝑃𝑂 2 × 100 (L) 𝑃 = 2 𝑃𝑂 1 × 100 (M) 𝑃 = 2 𝑃𝑂 1 × 100 (N) 𝑃 = 2 𝑃𝑂 1 × 100
1 1 2 2
▪ wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[iv. †ev. '22; mKj †ev, '18]

19. DÏxc‡K P1P₂ ba Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gz`ªvms‡KvPb (M) †gvU Avq (N) ‡gvU e¨q
20. SYf †iLvwU wb‡`©k K‡i-
i. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v ii. mvgwMÖK †hvMvb iii. c‚Y© wb‡qvM Drcv`b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU co Ges 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A_©bxwZwe`MY g‡b K‡ib †h, Pvwn`v e„w× ev LiP e„w× †h Kvi‡YB †nvK bv †Kb gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| [Kz.‡ev.22]
21. DÏxc‡K Kq ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 2 (L) 3 (M) 4 (N) 5
22. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i-
i. Avw_©K bxwZ ii. ivR¯^ bxwZ iii. cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿Y bxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) iI iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. X weMZ 5 erm‡ii `ªe¨ g‚j¨ wb‡q wePwjZ bb| KviY wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg evo‡jI Zv mvaviY gvbz‡li mnbkxjZvq
Av‡Q| [Xv.‡ev.19]
23. DÏxc‡Ki `ªe¨ g‚j¨ e„w× cvIqv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (M) gz`ªvi cÖPjb (N) gz`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb
24. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ gz`ªvùxwZ‡Z-
i. FYMÖnxZvi DrmvwnZ n‡e
ii. A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvЇK DrmvwnZ K‡i
iii. RxebhvÎvi Ici weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
GKwU †emiKvwi Dbœqb ms¯’vi cÖavb Rbve miIqvi Rvnvb' GKevi Avwd«Kvi GKwU †`‡k ågY K‡ib| wZwb j¶¨ K‡ib †h RbM‡Yi
nv‡Z A‡bK bM` UvKv| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb ch©vß bq| GgbwK UvKv w`‡qI cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ †Kbv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| KviY †mLv‡b
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY LzeB Kg| [P. †ev. '17]
25. Rbve miIqvi Rvnvb DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`kwU‡Z Kx j¶¨ Ki‡jb?
(K) Afve (L) gz`ªvùxwZ (M) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (N) Pvwn`v e„w×
26. †`kwU‡Z G Ae¯’v m„wói KviY Kx n‡Z cv‡i?
i. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w× ii. e¨q ms‡KvPb e„w× iii. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wPÎwU †`‡L 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[h.‡ev.23]
27. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î Kx ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ wb‡`©k K‡i?
(K) Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ (L) e¨q e„w×RwbZ (M) †hvMvb e„w×RwbZ (N) NvUwZ e¨qRwbZ
28. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ gz`ªvùxwZi KviY-
i. kªwg‡Ki gRzwi e„w× ii. DcKi‡Yi g‚j¨ e„w× iii. miKvwi e¨q e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: [N. †ev. '20]
miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb e„w×i mv‡_ `ªe¨g‚‡j¨i DaŸ©MwZ cwijw¶Z nq| [e.‡ev.23]
29. `ªe¨g‚‡j¨i G AvPiY‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx ejv nq?
(K) gz`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb (L) gz`ªvùxwZ (M) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (N) ev‡RU NvUwZ
30. ewY©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii c`‡¶c n‡e-
i. AvqKi nvi e„w× Kiv ii. wiRvf© AbzcvZ evov‡bv iii. FYcÎ weµq Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii

mgvavb
1. L 2. L 3. L 4. L 5. K 6. L 7. N 8. K 9. M 10. L 11. M 12. M 13. M 14. K 15. K
16. K 17. L 18. L 19. K 20. L 21. K 22. N 23.K 24. N 25. L 26. L 27. L 28.K 29.L 30.N

gy`ªvùxwZ cwigvc c×wZ (Method of Measurement of Inflation)

➢ ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡ii †cÖwÿ‡Z wnmvwe eQ‡ii `ªe¨g~‡j¨i kZKiv cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K gy`ªùxwZi nvi e‡j|
➢ mvaviY gy`ªvùxwZi cwigvc c‡q›U Uz c‡q‡›Ui wfwˇZ Kiv nq| c‡q›U Uz c‡q›U ej‡Z A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ e„w×i wnmve †ei Kivi Rb¨
wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi AšÍi (mvaviYZ wZb gvm) wnmve Kiv‡K †evSvq|
Pn-Po
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi nvi, P = Po  100 GLv‡b, Pn = eZ©gvb mg‡qi `vg¯Íi Ges Po = wfwË mg‡qi `vg¯Íi
➢ gy`ªvùxwZ cwigv‡c mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi m~PK e¨envi Kiv nq| h_v-
1. ‡fv³vi `vg m~PK
2. Drcv`‡Ki `vg m~PK
3. Ae¨³ Aeg~j¨vq‡bi m~PK- wRGbwc ms‡KvPb
➢ GQvovI Kg©ms¯’vb e¨q m~PK (Employment Cost Index-ECI), International Price Program (IPP), The Digital
Currency Index (DCI) mn A‡bK c×wZ i‡q‡Q|
➢ ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡ii MocoZv g~j¨‡K Ab¨‡Kv‡bv wfwË eQ‡ii MocoZv g~‡j¨i Zzjbvq kZvskiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †h msL¨vevPK
c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv‡K m~PK msL¨v (Index Number) e‡j|
➢ Aa¨vcK †eøqvi- Gi g‡Z, Ò m~PK msL¨v n‡jv GKwU we‡kl ‰ewkó¨c~Y© Mo|Ó
 ▪ ‡fv³vi g~j¨ m~PK (Consumer Price Index- CPI)
➢ ‡fv³v‡`i e¨q m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i `vgm~PK wbY©‡qi c×wZ‡K †fv³vi g~j¨ m~PK (CPI) e‡j|
 Pn qo
➢ ‡fv³vi g~j¨ m~PK (CPI) =  100
Po qo
➢ wfwË eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi‡K 100 a‡i mvaviYZ †fv³vi `vg m~PK †h nv‡i e„w× cvq †m nvi‡K gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
➢ CPI G †Kej P‚ovšÍ †fvM¨`ªe¨ we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
➢ ‡fv³vi g~j¨ m~P‡K P‚ovšÍ †fvM¨`ª‡e¨i LyPiv g~j¨ we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

▪ Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨ m~PK (𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐱 − 𝐏𝐏𝐈)

➢ ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q Drcv`‡Ki †hme KvuPvgvj I Avav-P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ A_©vr gva¨wgK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wbw`©ó `ªe¨¸”Q
evev` †h e¨q K‡i Zv †h wba©vi‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc Kiv nq, Zv‡K Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨ m~PK (𝑃𝑃𝐼) e‡j|
➢ 𝑃𝑃𝐼 cwigv‡c K‡qKwU m~Î Av‡Q| †hgbÑ
 Pn qo
(i) 𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑦𝑟𝑒’𝑠 (j¨vmwcqvi) Gi `vg m~PK msL¨v =  100
Po qo
 Pn qn
(ii) 𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒’𝑠 (c¨v‡ki) `vg m~PK msL¨v =  100
Po qn
 Pn qo  Pn qn
(iii) 𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑟 Gi Av`k© m~PK msL¨v = √   100
Po qo Po qn
GLv‡b, Po = wfwË eQ‡ii `vg, qo = wfwË eQ‡ii `ªe¨
Pn = PjwZ eQ‡ii `vg, qn = PjwZ eQ‡ii `ªe¨
➢ Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨ m~PK (PPI) mvaviYZ Drcvw`Z KvuPvgvj I gva¨wgK `ª‡e¨i e¨q cwigvc K‡i|
➢ Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨ m~P‡K Ò cvBKvwi g~j¨ (Wholesale Price)” - Gi wfwˇZ e¨q wnmve Kiv nq|
➢ cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq evwYwR¨K †jb‡`b ch©v‡q †h `vg we‡ePwZ nq, †m `v‡gi wfwˇZ PPI wnmve Kiv nq|
➢ bxwZwba©viK‡`i Kv‡Q evwYR¨ P‡µi IVvbvgv wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e PPI AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨|

▪ Drcv`‡bi Aeg~j¨vqb m~PK- GNP Deflator (Implicit Price Index- IPI)

➢ A_©bxwZi mKj `ªe¨ †mevi `vg G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZdwjZ nq e‡j G‡K e¨vcK ev cÖmvwiZ `vg m~PK ejv nq|
Avw_©K GNP
➢ bvwgK ev Avw_©K GNP I cÖK…Z GNP Gi AbycvZ‡K GNP wW‡d¬Ui e‡j| A_©vr, GNP wW‡d¬Ui = cÖK…Z GNP
eZ©gv‡b GNP wW‡d¬Ui- wfwËi GNP wW‡d¬Ui
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi nvi =
wfwËi GNP wW‡d¬Ui  100

Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. 2015 mv‡j GKwU †`‡ki `vg¯Íi 20 UvKv wQj| 2020 mv‡j `vg¯Íi 40 UvKv n‡j gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ? [wm. †ev. 23]
(K) 10% (L) 20% (M) 50% (N) 100%
2. wfwË eQ‡ii `vgšÍi 20 UvKv| PjwZ eQ‡ii `vgšÍi 30 UvKv gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ? [e. †ev.23]
(K) 30% (L) 40% (M) 50% (N) 60%
3. †fv³vi `vg m‚PK wbY©‡q †Kvb welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv nq? [w`.†ev. '23]
(K) cvBKvwi `vg (L) LzPiv `vg (M) DcKiY `vg (N) ‡hvMvb `vg
4. CPI-Gi c‚Y©i‚c Kx? [iv.†ev.'22; e.†ev.23.22]
(K) Consumption Price Index (L) Consumer Profit Index
(M) Consumer Price Index (N) Consumption Production Index
5. GKwU †`‡ki `vg¯Íi wQj 2020 mv‡j 50 UvKv Ges 2021 mv‡j 53 UvKv| H ‡`‡ki gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ? [Kz. †ev. '22]
(K) 4% (L) 5% (M) 6% (N) 7%
𝒑𝟏 − 𝒑𝟎
6. × 100 [‡hLv‡b p0 = c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi] m~ÎwU A_©bxwZi †Kvb aiYvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ ? [P. †ev. '22]
𝒑𝟎
(K) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (L) A‡_©i g‚j¨ (M) gz`ªvùxwZ (N) `vg m‚PK
7. †Kvb c‡Y¨i wfwË eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi 40 Ges PjwZ eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi 42 n‡j, gz`ªvùxwZ KZ? [w`. †ev. '22]
(K) 42% (L) 40% (M) 10% (N) 5%
8. 2016 mv‡j Pv‡ji †KwR wQj 50 UvKv| 2017 mv‡j `vg e„w× †c‡q nq 60 UvKv| 2017 mv‡j gz`ªvùxwZi nvi- [P. †ev. '19]
(K) 10% (L) 15% (M) 20% (N) 25%
9. DCI †Kv_vq e¨eüZ nq? [Kz. †ev. '17]
(K) SDG cwigv‡c (L) GDP cwigv‡c (M) gz`ªvùxwZ cwigv‡c (N) `vwi`ª¨ cwigv‡c
10. gz`ªvùxwZ wbY©‡q e¨eüZ nq- [wm. †ev. '23]
i. m‚PK msL¨v ii. `ªe¨g‚j¨ iii. wfwË eQi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
11. mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z gz`ªvùxwZ cwigv‡c e¨eüZ c×wZ n‡”Q-[w`, †ev. '17]
i. wR. Gb. wc wW‡d¬Ui ii. †fv³vi `vg m‚PK iii. Drcv`‡Ki `vg m‚PK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A_©eQi `vg¯Íi
2019-2020 5
2020-2021 6
cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq, gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y KZ©„c¶ `ªe¨ I †mevi m‡e©v”P `vg †eu‡a †`qvi wm×všÍ †bq| [Xv. †ev. '22]
12. DÏxcK Abzmv‡i 2020-2021 A_©eQ‡i gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ?
(K) 20% (L) 30% (M) 40% (N) 50%
13. cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y ewY©Z c`‡¶c MÖnYKvix KZ©„c¶ †K?
(K) ‡µZv (L) we‡µZv (M) Drcv`K (N) miKvi
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
'A' †`‡k 2020 mv‡j `vg¯Íi wQj 100, hv 2021 mv‡j e„w× †c‡q 120 nq| `vg¯Íi wbqš¿‡Y miKvi wKQz c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| [wm.
†ev. '22]
14. 'A' †`‡ki 2021 mv‡j gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ?
(K) 12% (L) 20% (M) 100% (N) 120%
15. DÏxcK Abzhvqx miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡¶c n‡Z cv‡i-
i.e¨vsK nvi e„w× ii. miKvwi e¨q e„w× iii . Drcv`b e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[e. †ev. '22; g. †ev. '22]

16. DÏxc‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi-
(K) 20 (L) 30 (M) 40 (N) 50
17. gz`ªvùxwZ NU‡e hw`-
i. †fvM ev‡o ii. wewb‡qvM ev‡o iii. mz‡`i nvi ev‡o
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
miKvwi Kg©Pvwi‡`i bZzb †c-‡¯‹j cÖ`v‡bi d‡j c‚e©eZ©x eQ‡ii †cÖw¶‡Z G eQi bZzb g‚j¨m‚PK n‡q‡Q 108.8| [Kz. †ev. '16]
18. DÏxc‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi-
(K) 8.8 (L) 10.8 (M) 100.8 (N) 108.8
19. c‚e©eZ©x eQ‡ii g‚j¨m‚PK KZ wQj?
(K) 8.8 (L) 10.8 (M) 100 (N) 108.8
▪ wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[Xv. †ev, '23]

20. DÏxc‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ?
(K) 20% (L) 25% (M) 30% (N) 35%
21. wP‡Î †h ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q-
(K) Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ (L) e¨q e„w×RwbZ (M) NvUwZ cÖ‡ivwPZ (N) Ae`wgZ
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
weMZ ermi GKwU †`‡k `vg¯Íi wQj 100 UvKv, eZ©gvb erm‡i mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w× cvIqvq `vg¯Íi †e‡o `uvwo‡q‡Q 112 UvKv| eZ©gv‡b
†`kwUi miKvi gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| [iv. †ev. '23]
22. †`kwU‡Z gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ?
(K) 10% (L) 12% (M) 14% (N) 15%
23. †`kwU‡Z gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y miKv‡ii c`‡¶c n‡Z cv‡i-
i. Ki nvi e„w× ii. Drcv`b e„w× iii. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve 'K' GKRb miKvwi PvKwiRxex| miKvi †eZb e„w× Kivq Zvi †eZb 11,000 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 17,000 UvKv n‡jv| G
Ae¯’vq Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 24 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 30 UvKv n‡jv| [g. †ev. '23]
24. DÏxc‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi KZ?
(K) 20% (L) 25% (M) 30% (N) 35%
25. DÏxc‡K m„ó gz`ªvùxwZ n‡jv-
(K) Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ (L) ‡hvMvb e„w×RwbZ (M) e¨q cÖ‡ivwPZ (N) NvUwZ e¨q e„w×RwbZ
mgvavb
1. N 2. M 3. L 4. M 5. M 6. M 7. N 8. M 9. M 10. N 11. N 12. K 13. N
14. L 15. L 16. N 17. L 18. K 19. M 20. K 21. L 22. L 23. K 24. L 25. K -

gy`ªvùxwZi KviY (Causes of Inflation)

➢ mvaviYZ g~j¨¯Í‡ii ¯’vqx Ges µgvMZ e„wׇKB gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gy`ªvùxwZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gme KviYmg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡jv:
▪ mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ KviY ▪ e¨qe„w×RwbZ KviY
1. miKvwi e¨q e„w× 1. ‡eZb I gRywi e„w×
2. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× 2. c‡ivÿ Ki Av‡ivc
3. NvUwZ e¨q e„w× 3. cvewjK BDwUwjwUi `vg e„w×
4. Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z e¨q e„w× 4. kÖwgK ms‡Ni cÖfve
5. ißvwb e„w× 5. Awj‡Mvcwj ev gvSvwi wk‡íi AwZwi³ gybvdv
6. RbmsL¨v e„w× 6. kÖwgK Am‡šÍv‡li d‡j niZvj ag©N‡Ui Kvi‡Y Drcv`b n«vm|
7. D`vi FYbxwZ
8. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq e„w×
▪ KvVv‡gvMZ KviY ▪ cÖvK…wZK I gvbem„ó KviY
1. evRvi e¨e¯’vi ÎæwU 1. cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M
2. ‡PvivPvjvb I gyRZ`vi 2. cÖvK…wZK wech©q
3. Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvi `ye©jZv 3. ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv
4. wmwÛ‡KU 4. hy× e¨q wbe©v‡n bZzb †bvU Qvcv‡bv

Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ

cÖkœ 13| 'cÖvK…wZK `z‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y gz`ªvùxwZ N‡U|' e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kz. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 15| 'mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZv e„w×i d‡j gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv ‡`q'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 18| A_© mieivn ev †hvMvb e„w× gz`ªvùxwZi g‚j KviY- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22; iv. †ev. '23; h. †ev. '23; Kz. †ev. '22, '17; e. †ev.
'23]
cÖkœ 19| "AwZwi³ miKvwi e¨q gz`ªvùxwZ NUvqÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22; h. †ev. '17; Kz. †ev. '19, w`. †ev. '22, '17; g. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 21| "A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ gz`ªvùxwZi m¤úK© mivmwi"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 22| D`vi FYbxwZ Kxfv‡e gz`ªvùxwZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| [h. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 25| miKvwi e¨q e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Íi ev‡o-e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 26| "gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j A‡_©i g‚j¨ nªvm cvq"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 27| gRz``vwi ¶wZKi †Kb? [e. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 31| gRz``vi I †PvivPvjvb ¶wZKi †Kb? [Xv. †ev. '18; h. †ev. '18; wm. †ev. '18; w`. †ev. '18]
cÖkœ 32| Abzrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z e¨q e„w× †c‡j gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '18; P. †ev. '18; Kz. †ev. '18; e. †ev. '22, '18]
cÖkœ 34| gz`ªvùxwZi mv‡_ A‡_©i g‚‡j¨i Kx ai‡bi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q?- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 35| ißvwb e„w× Kxfv‡e gz`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 36| LiP e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Lvivc †Kb? Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 39| gz`ªvùxwZi Ici gz`ªvi †hvMvb e„w×i cÖfve ezwS‡q †jL| [Kz. †ev. '16]
cÖkœ 53| A‡_©i Aeg‚j¨vqb gz`ªvùxwZi Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve †d‡j? 'e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '23]

gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve (Effect of Inflation)

➢ RbM‡Yi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZ| †Kbbv gy`ªvùxwZ Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi Ici ‡bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| gy`ªvùxwZi
me‡P‡q Lvivc f‚wgKv n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j m„ó- 1. my‡`i nvi, 2. wc¸ cÖfve, 3. Avq e›Ub cÖfve, 4. Ki I n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv Ges 5.
ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ cÖfve| Z‡e gy`ªùxwZi cÖfve‡K wewfbœfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
▪ m¤ú` I Avq eȇbi cÖfve
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j A_© I m¤ú` GK †kÖwYi †jv‡Ki nvZ †_‡K Ab¨ †kÖwYi †jv‡Ki nv‡Z P‡j hvq| d‡j mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ‡kÖwYi †jvK wewfbœ
fv‡e cÖfvweZ nq|
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j w¯’i Av‡qi gvbyl, mxwgZ Av‡qi gvbyl, kÖwgK †kÖwY, ‡µZv I †fv³v, FY`vZv, †cbmb‡fvMx, Ki MÖnxZv BZ¨vw` †kÖwYi
gvbyl ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq|
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j K…wlRxwe, FYMÖnxZv, Drcv`bKvix I e¨emvqx, Ki`vZv, gRyZ`vwi I †PvivKvievi BZ¨vw` †kÖwYi gvbyl jvfevb nq|
▪ Drcv`b I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Ici cÖfve
➢ Drcv`b I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Ici cÖfve †Kgb n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i gy`ªvùxwZi ai‡bi Ici| A_©vr GwU wbf©i K‡i Pvwn`ve„w× RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ
bv LiPe„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ Zvi Ici|
➢ A‡bK A_©bxwZwe` g‡b K‡ib, Ac~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© Pvwn`vRwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ Drcv`b I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e„wׇZ BwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| A_©vr
A_©bxwZ‡Z Ac~Y©wb‡qvM Ae¯’v weivR Ki‡j gy`ªùxwZ e¨emvqx‡`i gybvdv evovq| d‡j AwZwi³ gybvdv jv‡fi Avkvq Drcv`bKvixMY
Drcv`b e„w× K‡i d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb †e‡o hvq| G Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv A_©bxwZwe` hyw³ †`Lvb †h, ÒThere exists trade off
between output and inflation on between employment and inflation”| wKš‘ A_©bxwZ‡Z LiP e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv
w`‡j mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv ev‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| d‡j Drcv`b K‡g hvq| †hgb- 1970 Gi `kK Ges 1979-80 mv‡j OPEC KZ…©K
R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji `vg e„w×i d‡j `vg e„w×i mv‡_ Drcv`b n«vm †c‡qwQj Ges †eKviZ¡ †e‡o wM‡qwQj| G Ae¯’v‡K Stagflation e‡j|
➢ ‡`‡k we`¨gvb Ae¨üZ m¤ú` Ges Ac~Y© wb‡qvM ev †eKviZ¡ Ae¯’vq g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ (Mild/ Creeping inflation) Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Dci
AbyK‚j cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| wKš‘ ÔCreeping Inflation’ ch©vq †Q‡o †M‡j A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Zv ÿwZKviK|
▪ `xN©‡gqvw` A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b cÖfve
➢ AwaK nv‡i gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j A‡_©i µqÿgZv K‡g hvq| d‡j RbMY AwaK Li‡P Drmvnx n‡q c‡o| d‡j Zv‡`i †fvM e¨q †e‡o hvq
Ges mÂq K‡g hvq| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j m‡qi cÖK…Z g~j¨ K‡g hvq e‡j RbMY m‡qi Abyrmvnx n‡q c‡o hvi Kvi‡Y g~jab MVb Kiv
hvq bv| Avi g~jab MVb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wewb‡qvM K‡g hvq djkÖæwZ‡Z Drcv`b n«vm cvq Ges `xN©‡gqvw` A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb evavMÖ¯’
nq|
➢ gy`ªvùxwZ ¯^Y©, Ry‡qjvwi, wi‡qj G‡÷U, evwo ˆZwi cÖf„wZ Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡M Drmvnx K‡i| G ai‡bi Abyrcv`bkxj m¤ú`
A_©bxwZi Drcv`b ÿgZv evovq bv|
▪ AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨i Ici cÖfve
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi Kvi‡Y †`kxq c‡Y¨i `vg AvšÍRv© wZK evRv‡i ev‡o| d‡j ißvwb n«vm cvq|
➢ ‡`kxq †µZviv ¯^‡`wk c‡Y¨i Zzjbvq Avg`vwbK…Z `ªe¨ m¯Ívq cvq| d‡j Avg`vwb ev‡o|
➢ ‡`kxq gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi n«vm cvq|
➢ ‡jb‡`b NvUwZ †`Lv †`q|
▪ mvgvwRK cÖfve
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi mvgvwRK cÖfve I ïf bq| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †h mvaviY `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq Zv‡Z mgv‡R abx †kÖwY A‡cÿv `wi`ª †kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv
ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq| gy`ªùxwZi d‡j abxiv AviI abx nq Ges `wi`ªiv AviI `wi`ª nq| Gfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZi mgq mgv‡Ri Avq ˆelg¨ e„w× cvq|
d‡j mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv m„wó nq| `ªe¨g~‡j¨i DשMwZi Kvi‡b Nyl, cÖZviYv BZ¨vw` AmvgvwRK Kvh©vewj †e‡o hvq gvby‡li g‡a¨ weivR
K‡i mvwe©K AwbðqZv I nZvkv| Gi d‡j AvBb- k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ, †eKvi‡Z¡i cwigvY I mgvRwe‡ivax Kg©KvÐ e„w× cv‡e|
▪ ivR‰bwZK cÖfve
➢ gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j evRv‡i `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w×i Kvi‡Y ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Rb Rxe‡b Am‡šÍv‡li Kvi‡Y †`‡k mykvmb e¨vnZ
n‡Z cv‡i|
 Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
cÖkœ 17| 'gz`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bq'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [g. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 20| †Kvb gvÎvi gz`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ fv‡jv? [iv. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 23| "gz`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bq"-e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev, '17; h. †ev. '22; Kz, †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 28| mnbxq ch©v‡qi gz`ªvùxwZ Kxfv‡e A_©bxwZi Rb¨ mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
cÖkœ 37| gz`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Avkxe©v` bv Awfkvc? [Xv. †ev. '16]
cÖkœ 12| gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j †fv³v Kxfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq? [iv. †ev, '23]
cÖkœ 14| gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j K…l‡Ki Drcv`‡bi Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e? [wm. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 16| mxwgZ Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici gz`ªvùxwZi cÖfve Kxiƒc? [w`. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 24| gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j FYMÖnxZv Kxfv‡e mzweav †fvM K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23, '22; wm. †ev, '23]
cÖkœ 29| A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq? [Xv. †ev. '19]
cÖkœ 30| gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j FY`vZv Kxfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '23: Kz. †ev. '19; w`. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 33| 'gz`ªvùxwZ Drcv`bKvixi Rb¨ mzdj e‡q Av‡b|'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '17]
cÖkœ 38| gz`ªvùxwZ n‡j FYMÖnxZviv Kxfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq-e¨vL¨v Ki|[h. †ev. '16]
cÖkœ 41| gz`ªvùxwZi mg‡q Ki`vZv jvfevb bv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nb? e¨vL¨v Ki|[wm. †ev. '16]
cÖkœ 42| mxwgZ Av‡qi gvbz‡li Ici gz`ªvùxwZi Kxiƒc cÖfve c‡o? [w`. †ev. '16]

Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j †K jvfevb nq? [Xv. †ev. '23]
(K) FY`vZv (L) Drcv`bKvix (M) ‡fv¯Ív (N) kªwgK
2. †Kvb †kªwY gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j jvfevb nq? [iv. †ev, '23]
(K) ‡fv³v (L) FY`vZv (M) kªwgK (N) Ki`vZv
3. gz`ªvùxwZi cÖavb KviY Kx? [Kz. †ev, 23; w`, †ev. '23]
(K) gz`ªvi †hvMvb e„w× (L) gz`ªvi Pvwn`v e„w× (M) mÂq e„w× (N) Drcv`b e„w×
4. gz`ªvùxwZ‡Z mxwgZ Av‡qi RbM‡Yi Ici Kx cÖfve c‡o? [Kz. †ev. '23]
(K) ‡fvM e„w× cvq (L) µq ¶gZv e„w× cvq (M) ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq (N) jvfevb nq
5. gz`ªvùxwZ n‡j †K jvfevb nq? [P. †ev, '23]
(K) wb¤œ Av‡qi †jvK (L) miKvi (M) Drcv`bKvix (N) FY`vZv
6. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j w¯’i Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? [g. †ev, '23]
(K) jvfevb n‡e (L) ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e (M) ‡fvM e„w× cv‡e (N) Rxebgvb DbœZ n‡e
7. gz`ªvùxwZi KviY- [g. †ev. '23]
(K) mÂqc‡Îi mz‡`i nvi e„w× (L) e¨vsK nvi e„w× (M) A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× (N) ‡jv‡bi mz‡`i nvi e„w×
8. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU gz`ªvùxwZi cÖavb KviY? [Xv. †ev. '22]
(K) mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w× (L) A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× (M) miKvwi e¨q e„w× (N) Drcv`b LiP e„w×
9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gz`ªvùxwZi KviY? [Kz. †ev. '22]
(K) A‡_©i †hvMvb nªvm (L) ißvwb nªvm (M) Drcv`b nªvm (N) RbmsL¨v nªvm
10. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j jvfevb nq-[Kz. †ev. '22]
(K) ¯^í Av‡qi gvbzl (L) FYMÖnxZv (M) FY`vZv (N) w¯’i Av‡qi gvbzl
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨q e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZi KviY? [P. †ev. '22]
(K) bZzb †bvU Qvcv‡bv (L) `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b nªvm (M) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY e„w× (N) kªwg‡Ki gRzwi e„w×
12. gz`ªvùxwZi mgq jvfevb nq †h †kªwY- [P. †ev. '22]
(K) PvKwiRxex (L) e¨emvqx (M) kªwgK (N) FY`vZv
13. gz`ªvùxwZi mgq w¯’i Av‡qi RbM‡Yi m‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve c‡o? [wm. †ev. '17]
(K) e„w× cÖvq (L) nªvm cvq (M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K (N) `ªæZ e„w× cvq
14. gz`ªvùxwZ Øviv †K jvfevb nq? [wm, †ev. '17]
(K) Drcv`bKvix (L) ‡fv³v (M) miKvi (N) `wi`ª RbMY
15. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j mxwgZ Av‡qi RbM‡Yi Dci Kx ai‡bi cfve co‡e? [e. †ev. 17]
(K) ‡fvM e„w× cv‡e (L) µq¶gZv evo‡e (M) ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e (N) jvfevb n‡e
16. `ªe¨mvgMÖxi †hvMv‡bi Zzjbvq A‡_©i †hvMvb †ewk n‡j- [Xv. †ev. 16]
(K) `ªe¨g‚j¨ K‡g hvq (L) `ªe¨g‚j¨ †e‡o hvq (M) A_©g‚j¨ †e‡o hvq (N) A_©g‚j¨ w¯’i _v‡K
17. gz`ªvùxwZ‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq-
(K) mxwgZ Av‡qi †jvK (L) FY MÖnxZv (M) Drcv`bKvix (N) K…lK †kªwY
18. †KvbwU e¨q e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZi - KviY? [Xv. †ev, '16]
(K) bZzb †bvU Qvcv‡bv (L) `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b nªvm (M) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY e„w× (N) kªwg‡Ki gRzwi e„w×
19. gz`ªvùxwZ NU‡j A‡_©i g‚j¨ ev RbM‡Yi µq¶gZv Kx nq? [Xv, †ev, '16]
(K) e„w× cvq (L) nªvm cvq (M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K (N) k‚‡b¨ †b‡g Av‡m
20. gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡j †K ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq? [iv. †ev. '16]
(K) Drcv`bKvix (L) K…lK (M) †fv³v (N) we‡µZv
21. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j D‡`¨v³vi cÖZ¨vkv Kx nq? [h. †ev. 16]
(K) ev‡o (L) K‡g (M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K (N) Drcv`b eÜ K‡i
22. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j †Kvb †kªwYi gvbzl jvfevb nq? [wm. †ev. 16]
(K) mÂqKvix (L) abx K…lK (M) kÖwgK (N) mvaviY †fv³v
23. gz`ªvùxwZi cÖavb KviY Kx? [e. †ev. '16; w`, †ev, '16]
(K) gy`ªv mieivn e„w× (L) gz`ªvi Pvwn`v e„w× (M) Avq e„w× (N) mÂq e„w×
24. gz`ªvùxwZi KviY-[w`. †ev, '22]
i. `vg¯Íi µgvMZ e„w× cvq
ii. A‡_©i g‚j¨ nªvm cvq
iii. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v nªvm cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
25. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j †h †kªwY jvfevb nq- [w`. †ev. '22]
i. FY`vZv
ii. Drcv`bKvix
iii. FYMÖnxZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
26. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j jvfevb nq- [g. †ev. '22]
i. †fv³v
ii. Drcv`K
iii. we‡µZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
27. gz`ªvùxwZi KviY- [Xv. †ev. '16]
i. `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b e„w×
ii. A_©g‚j¨ nªvm
iii. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rvwn` mv‡ne X Mv‡g©›Um-Gi gvwjK| m¤cÖwZ AwZ gz`ªvùxwZ I Drcv`b e¨q e„w× cvIqvq wZwb †ek kswKZ| [h. †ev. 17]
28. DÏxc‡Ki mgm¨v `zwUi Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡e?
(K) ißvwb nªvm (L) ißvwb e„w× (M) Avg`vwb nªvm (N) ‡fvM e„w×
▪ wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

[Kz. †ev, '17]

29. wPÎwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
(K) Pvwn`v cÖ‡ivwPZ gz`ªvùxwZ (L) e¨q cÖ‡ivwPZ gz`ªvùxwZ (M) AwZ D”P gz`ªvùxwZ (N) Djøçb gz`ªvùxwZ
30. AS †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i-
i. mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv
ii. †hvMvb w¯’i
iii. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 31 I 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wgivR mv‡ne g‚j¨mÍi †ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y †ewk UvKvq Aí evRvi Ki‡Z cvi‡jb| [w`. †ev. '17]
31. DÏxc‡Ki G Ae¯’v‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (M) Aw¯’wZkxj evRvi (N) LiP e„w×
32. evRv‡ii G Ae¯’v m„wói KviY Kx?
(K) gz`ªv mieivn e„w× (L) gz`ªvi g‚j¨ e„w× (M) gz`ªvi mieivn nªvm (N) `ªe¨ Drcv`b e„w×
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 33 I 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
miKvwi †eZb e„w×i d‡j `ªe¨g‚j¨ e„w× †cj| [e. †ev. 16]
33. w¯’i Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e?
(K) jvfevb n‡e (L) ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e (M) Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e (N) ‡fvM e„w× cv‡e
34. g‚j¨e„w×i GB cÖwµqv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gz`ªv ms‡KvPb (M) gRzwi e„w× (N) Aeg‚j¨vqb
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 35 I 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
b‚i †iRv mv‡ne PvKwi n‡Z Aem‡i †M‡Qb| Wvqv‡ewU‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb wbqwgZ Bbmzwjb †bb| m¤cÖwZ Ilza †Kv¤úvwb †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q
AvMvgx gvm †_‡K Bbmzwj‡bi `vg evo‡e| Gi Rb¨ b‚i ‡iRv mv‡ne Lze wPwšÍZ| [w`.‡ev.16]
35. DÏxc‡K Bbmzwj‡bi `vg e„w× †c‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡e?
(K) Avq ˆelg¨ evo‡e (L) cÖK…Z Avq Kg‡e (M) Bbmzwj‡bi Avg`vwb evo‡e (N) Bbmzwj‡bi Avg`vwb Kg‡e
36. DÏxc‡K b‚i †iRv mv‡n‡ei `vg e„w× wb‡q wPwšÍZ nevi KviY-
i. µq¶gZv nªvm cv‡e
ii. cÖK…Z gRzwi evo‡e
iii. Avw_©K k„•Ljv bó n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 37 I 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
bvwnb mv‡ne PvKwi n‡Z Aemi †M‡Qb| wKWwb RwUjZvi Rb¨ Zvi wbqwgZ WvqvjvBwmm cÖ‡qvRb nq| nvmcvZvj KZ©„c¶ WvqvjvBwm‡mi
LiP e„w× K‡i‡Q| G‡Z wZwb wPwšÍZ| [Kz. †ev. '23]
37. WvqvjvBwm‡mi LiP e„wׇK ejv nq-
(K) gz`ªvùxwZ (L) gy`ªv ms‡KvPb (M) Aw¯’wZkxj evRvi (N) e¨q n«vm
38. bvwnb mv‡n‡ei wPwšÍZ nIqvi KviY-
i. RxebhvÎvi gvb evo‡e
ii. µq¶gZv Kg‡e
iii. mÂq nªvm cv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 39 I 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
eZ©gvb ˆewk¦K cwiw¯’wZ‡Z c„w_exi cÖvq mKj †`‡kB msN؇qi DaŸ©MwZ cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| [w`. †ev. '23]
39. DÏxc‡K †Kvb welqwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) gz`ªvq †hvMb nªvm (L) A‡_©i g‚j¨ e„w× (M) gy`ªvùxwZ (N) gz`ªvms‡KvPb
40. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †K jvfevb nq?
i. kÖwgK †kªwY
ii. e¨emvqx †kªwY
iii. FYMÖnxZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

mgvavb
1. L 2. N 3. K 4. M 5. M 6. L 7. M 8. L 9. M 10. L
11. N 12. L 13. L 14. K 15. M 16. L 17. K 18. N 19. L 20. M
21. K 22. L 23. K 24. K 25. M 26. L 27. M 28. K 29. K 30. K
31. K 32. K 33. L 34. K 35. L 36. L 37. K 38. M 39. M 40. M
 gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq (Ways to Control of Inflation)
➢ GKwU †`‡ki Rb¨ g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ g½jRbK n‡jI †ewk gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi c‡_ evav¯^iƒc| ZvB gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y Avbv
Riæwi N‡q c‡o|
➢ gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡j gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq g~jZ wZbwU c×wZ e¨eavi K‡i| G c×wZ¸‡jv n‡jv-
(K) Avw_©K c×wZ (L) ivR¯^ c×wZ Ges (M) cªZ¨¶ wbqš¿Y c×wZ|

▪ Avw_©K c×wZ (Monetary System):

➢ gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †hme c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i †m¸‡jvi mgwóB n‡jv Avw_©K c×wZ| wb‡P Avw_©K c×wZ¸‡jv
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
1. e¨vsK nvi e„w×: †K‡›`ªxq e¨vsK, e¨vsK nvi e„w× Ki‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvI my‡`i nvi evwo‡q †`q| d‡j wewfbœ e¨vsK †_‡K wewb‡qvM
I †fv‡Mi Rb¨ FY cª`v‡bi ¶gZv nªvm cvq|
2. bM` Rgvi AbycvZ e„w×: †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv bM` Rgvi cwigvY evov‡j Zv‡`i FY †`Iqvi ¶gZv nªvm cv‡e
Ges gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y n‡e|
3. FYcÎ weµq: miKvi gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Kivi Rb¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU †LvjvevRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ K‡i| hvi d‡j RbM‡Yi nv‡Z Zvi bM`
A‡_©i cwigvY nªvm cvq|
4. wbe©vPbg~jK FY wbqš¿Y: we‡kl we‡kl †¶Î Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î FY †`Iqv eÜ Kivi gva¨‡g A‡_©i †hvMvb Kgv‡bv nq Ges gy`ªvùxwZ nªvm
cvq|

▪ ivR¯^ c×wZ (Fiscal System):

➢ gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡ai nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e wewfbœ ivR¯^ bxwZ AbymiY Kiv hvq| ivR¯^ bxwZ‡Z wb‡gœv³ c×wZ¸‡jvi e¨envi Kiv nq|
1. miKvwi e¨q nªvm: gy`ªvùxwZi GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv miKv‡ii AwZwi³ e¨q| miKvi mylg ev DØ…Ë ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g e¨q nªvm Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
2. K‡ii cwigvY e„w×: miKvi Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci Av‡ivwcZ K‡ii cwigvY evwo‡q bZyb bZyb Kiv‡ivc K‡i gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. miKvwi FY: miKvi wewfbœ †gqvw` FY MªnY K‡i RbM‡Yi evowZ µq¶gZv nªvm Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. mÂq e„w×: m‡qi wecix‡Z †`q my‡`i nvi e„w× Ges e¨vcK cªPv‡ii gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡qi cªeYZv evov‡bvi gva¨‡g gy`ªvùxwZ
†iva Kiv hvq|

▪ cªZ¨¶ wbqš¿Y (Direct Control):

➢ Avw_©K I ivR¯^ c×wZ QvovI gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Kivi Rb¨ miKvi wbgœwjwLZ cªZ¨¶ e¨e¯’v¸‡jv Aej¤^b K‡i _v‡K|
1. `vg wbqš¿Y I †ikwbs: gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ miKvi `ªe¨ g~‡j¨i m‡e©v”P mxgv wba©viY K‡i †`q Ges †fvM¨cY¨ mieivn I †ikwbs
e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡i _v‡K|
2. gRywi wbqš¿Y: gy`ªvùxwZi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY n‡jv gRywi e„w×| ZvB miKvi gRywi wbqš¿Y K‡i gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. Drcv`b e„w×: †`‡k Drcv`b Kg n‡j Pvwn`vi Zyjbvq †hvMvb Kg nq e‡j `ªe¨vw`i `vg †e‡o gy`ªvùxwZ ev‡o| d‡j Drcv`b e„w×i Kvi‡Y
gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
4. dUKv Kvievi wbqš¿Y: dUKv Kvievi wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
5. Avg`vwb e„w×: Pvwn`vi Zyjbvq cª‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb Kg n‡j miKvi Avg`vwb e„w×i gva¨‡g gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i|

➢ myZivs, Gme c×wZ¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Kiv hvq| Z‡e GKKfv‡e †Kv‡bv c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i Zv wbqš¿Y Kiv
hvq bv| d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ me c×wZ¸‡jvB GK‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

Abykxjb Ask - 01 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ

cÖkœ 1| 'gz`ªvms‡KvPb n‡jv gz`ªvùxwZi wecixZ aviYv'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 9| gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©‡qi m‚ÎwU †jL| [g. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 54| 'gz`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a AvqKi mnvqZv K‡i'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kz. †ev. '23]
cÖkœ 55| gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b Avek¨K- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '16]
 Abykxjb Ask - 02 weMZ eQ‡i Avmv eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. AwaKvsk †¶‡Î gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †h c×wZ AbzmiY Kiv nq- [Xv. †ev, '23]
(K) Avw_©K bxwZ (L) ivR¯^bxwZ (M) Avg`vwb e„w× (N) m‡e©v”P `vg wba©viY
2. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi wb‡Pi †Kvb c`‡¶cwU MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? [iv. †ev, '23]
(K) A_© mieivn nªvm (L) Kinvi nªvm (M) mz‡`i nvi nªvm (N) fZ©zwK nªvm
3. bM` wiRvf© AbzcvZ cwieZ©b K‡i gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i †K? [P . †ev. 23]
(K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK (L) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK (M) ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK (N) miKvi
4. gz`ªvùxwZ Kxfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq? [w`. †ev. 23]
(K) e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q (L) e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q (M) e¨vsK nvi w¯’i †i‡L (N) Drcv`b Kwg‡q
5. evsjv‡`‡k gz`ªvùxwZi nvi cwigv‡Y wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZ †ewk e¨envi Kiv nq? [wm. †ev, '22]
(K) wR. Gb. wc wW‡d¬Ui (L) ‡fv³vi `vgm‚PK (M) Drcv`‡bi `vgm‚PK (N) Kg©ms¯’vb e¨qm‚PK
6. evsjv‡`‡k gz`ªvùxwZi KviY n‡jv- [wm. †ev. '22]
(K) A_© mieivn e„w× (L) Drcv`b e„w× (M) miKvwi e¨q nªvm (N) cÖZ¨¶ Ki e„w×
7. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq †KvbwU? [wm. †ev. '17]
(K) dUKv Kvievi wbqš¿Y (L) ‡fvM¨ FY wbqš¿Y (M) Ki nªvm (N) FYcÎ weµq
8. gz`ªvùxwZi nªv‡mi Rb¨ `vqx †KvbwU? [w`. †ev. 17]
(K) A_© mieivn nªvm (L) Drcv`b nªvm (M) miKvwi e¨q e„w× (N) gRzwi e„w×
9. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq n‡jv-[iv, †ev. 16]
(K) fZ©zwK e„w× (L) gRzwi e„w× (M) Ki nvi e„w× (N) fvZv e„w×
10. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ i‡q‡Q? [P.‡ev 16]
(K) g„`y (L) c`mÂvix (M) avegvb (N) Djøçb
11. evsjv‡`‡k 2011-2012 Ges 2012-13 A_© eQ‡i †fv³vi gzjv m‚PK n‡”Q h_vµ‡g 170.19 Ges 181.73| GgZve¯’vq 2012-
2013 A_©eQ‡i gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wQj- [P. †ev. 16]
(K) 0.94% (L) 1.07% (M) 6.35% (N) 6.78%
12. gz`ªvùxwZi cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq †KvbwU? [wm.‡ev.16]
(K) e¨vsK nvi nªvm (L) ‡Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ weµq (M) bM` wiRvf© AbzcvZ nªvm (N) m¤cÖmviYg‚jK FYbxwZ MÖnY
13. evsjv‡`‡ki gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y KqwU bxwZi gva¨‡g c`‡ÿc ‡bIqv hvq? [w`.‡ev.16]
(K) `zB (L) wZb (M) Pvi (N) cuvP
14. evsjv‡`‡k gz`ªvùxwZi KviY- [h.‡ev.23]
i. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× ii. RbM‡Yi nv‡Z bM` A_© cÖvwß iii. Drcv`b nªvm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
15. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq n‡jv- [Ky.‡ev.23]
i. e¨vsK nvi e„w× ii. FYcÎ weµq iii. miKvwi e¨q e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
16. †KvbwU gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq- [iv. †ev. '22; e. †ev, '16]
i. K‡ii nvi e„w× ii. FYcÎ weµq iii. e¨vsK nvi e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
17. ivR¯^bxwZi gva¨‡g gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq n‡jv- [w`, †ev. 22]
i. gRzwi wbqš¿Y ii. miKvwi e¨q nªvme„w× iii. Ki nv‡ii cwieZ©b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
18. evsjv‡`‡k gz`ªvùxwZi KviY- [Xv. †ev. 19]
i. RbmsL¨v e„w× ii. D`vi FYbxwZ iii. Avg`vwb wbqš¿Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
19. evsjv‡`‡k gz`ªvùxwZi KviY¸‡jv- [Kz.‡ev.16]
i. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× ii. miKvwi e¨q e„w× iii. RbmsL¨v e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
20. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e wb‡¤œi †KvbwU/‡Kvb¸‡jv cÖ‡hvR¨? [P.‡ev.16]
i. e¨vsK nvi nªvm ii. wiRvf© AbzcvZ evov‡bv iii. ‡Lvjv evRv‡i FYcÎ weµq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
'X' †`‡k RvZxq †eZb‡¯‹j-2015 Kvh©Ki nIqvi ci miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j `ªe¨mvgwMÖi g‚j¨ e„w× cvq| G
Ae¯’vq †`kwUi miKvi wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ †_‡K f¨vU Kgv‡bvi wm×všÍ †bq| [Xv. †ev. '17]
21. †`kwU‡Z RvZxq †eZb †¯‹j 2015 Kvh©Ki nIqvi d‡j-
(K) A‡_©i †hvMvb ev‡o I A‡_©i g‚j¨ ev‡o (L) A‡_©i †hvMvb ev‡o I A‡_©i g‚j¨ K‡g
(M) A‡_©i †hvMvb K‡g I A‡_©i g‚j¨ ev‡o (N) A‡_©i †hvMvb K‡g I A‡_©i g‚j¨ K‡g
22. †`kwUi miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci d‡j-
i. ivR¯^ nªvm cvq ii. gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q iii. µq¶gZv e„w× cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
'B' †`‡k miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb e„w× Kiv n‡jv Ges GKBmv‡_ `ªe¨g‚j¨I e„w× †cj| [e. †ev. '17]
23. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cwiw¯’wZ‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) AePqb (L) Aeg‚j¨vqb (M) gy`ªv ms‡KvPb (N) gz`ªvùxwZ
24. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq miKv‡ii c`‡¶c n‡e-
i. e¨vsK nvi e„w× ii. wiRvf© AbzcvZ nªvm iii. †LvjvevRv‡i eÛ weµq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
▪ DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wek¦e¨vcx R¡vjvwb †Z‡j `vg e„w×i Kvi‡Y 'R' †`‡ki mKj †fvM¨c‡Y¨i `vg µgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| D™¢‚Z cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvq miKvi
KwZcq ivR¯^ bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| [P. †ev. '23]
25. DÏxc‡K 'R' †`‡k †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ i‡q‡Q?
(K) Pvwn`vRwbZ (L) e¨q e„w×RwbZ (M) A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×RwbZ (N) Drcv`b NvUwZRwbZ
26. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y †KvbwU Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) bM` wiRve© AbycvZ e„w× (L) e¨vsK nvi e„w× (M) †LvjvevRvi bxwZ (N) miKvwi e¨q n«vm

mgvavb
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Ávbg~jK cÖkœ

cÖkœ 1| gz`ªvùxwZ nvi Kx? [h. †ev. '22]
DËi: gz`ªvùxwZi nvi ej‡Z wfwË eQ‡ii Zzjbvq PjwZ eQ‡ii `ªe¨g‚‡j¨i kZvswkK e„wׇK †evSvq|
cÖkœ 2| gz`ªv ms‡KvPb Kx?' [wm. †ev. '22; e. †ev. '23]
DËi: hLb †`‡k `ªe¨mvgMÖxi †hvMvb A‡c¶v A‡_©i †hvMvb Kg nq, Gi d‡j `vg¯Íi µgvMZ nªvm †c‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K gz`ªvms‡KvPb
e‡j|
cÖkœ 3| Djøçb gz`ªvùxwZ Kx? [e. †ev. '22]
DËi: AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z `vgšÍ‡ii AvKvkgzLx e„w×i nvi‡K Djøçb gz`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
cÖkœ 4| gz`ªvùxwZ Kx? [Xv. †ev. '23, '19, '17; iv. †ev. '23, '17; Kz. †ev, '19, '17, '16; h. †ev. '23; P. †ev. '19, '17, '16; wm. †ev. '23;
e. †ev. '22, '17, '16; w`. ‡ev. '22. '19, '17, '16; g. †ev. '23]
DËi: hLb AwaK cwigvY A_© ¯^í cwigvY `ª‡e¨i w`‡K avweZ nq ZLb †mB Ae¯’v‡K gy`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
cÖkœ 5| m‚PK msL¨v Kx? [Xv. †ev. '22, '17; iv. †ev. '23, '18, '16; h. †ev. '22; Kz. †ev. '22, '19, '18, '17; P. †ev. '18; wm. †ev. '22,
'17; e. †ev. '23, '18, '17; w`. †ev. '23, '22; g. †ev. '23, '22]
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡ii (wfwË eQi) Zzjbvq we‡eP¨ eQ‡i (wnmvwe eQi) †Kv‡bv †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Mo `vg¯Í‡ii IVvbvgv Z_v A‡_©i
g‚‡j¨i nªvm-e„w× cwigvc Kivi wbwg‡Ë †h msL¨v e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K m‚PK msL¨v e‡j|
cÖkœ 6| G.N.P wW‡d¬Ui Kx? [iv. †ev. '22]
DËi: bvwgK ev Avw_©K GNP I cÖK…Z GNP Gi AbzcvZ‡K GNP wW‡d¬Ui e‡j| A_©vr GNP wW‡d¬±i = (Avw_©K GNP / cÖK…Z
GNP) |
cÖkœ 7| †fv³vi `vg m‚PK Kx? [h. †ev. '17, '16; P. †ev. '23; g. †ev. '22]
DËi: †fv³v‡`i e¨q m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i †h m‚PK wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K †fv³vi `vg m‚PK (CPI) e‡j|
cÖkœ 8| CPI-Gi c‚Y©i‚c †jL| [Xv. †ev. '22; iv. †ev. '19;Kz.‡ev. 22; P.‡ev. 22; e.‡ev.19]
DËi: CPI-Gi c‚Y©i‚c n‡jv Consumer’s Price Index.
cÖkœ 9| Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZ Kx? [h. †ev. '23]
DËi: wewfbœ Kvi‡Y cY¨`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b I †hvMvb w¯’i †_‡K †fv³v‡`i Pvwn`v e„w×i Kvi‡Y `ªe¨g‚j¨ e„w× cvq| `ªe¨g‚‡j¨i Giƒc µg
e„wׇKB Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZ e‡j|
cÖkœ 10| A‡_©i g‚j¨ Kx? [Kz. †ev. '23] [
DËi: A‡_©i µq¶gZv‡KB A‡_©i g‚j¨ e‡j|
cÖkœ 11| e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ Kx? [wm. †ev. '16]
DËi: Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi LiP e„w×RwbZ Kvi‡Y g~j¨ e„w× NU‡j †mwU n‡jv e¨q e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ|
cÖkœ 12| e¨vsK nvi Kx? [P. †ev. '23; w`. †ev. 23]
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡`q F‡Yi Rb¨ †h b~b¨Zg my‡`i nvi avh© K‡i UvKv avi ‡`q †mB cwigvYB e¨vsK nvi|

weMZ eQ‡i Avmv Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ

cÖkœ 1| 'gy`ªvms‡KvPb n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZi wecixZ aviYv'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23]
DËi: gy`ªv ms‡KvPb n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZi wecixZ aviYv| hLb †Kv‡bv †`‡k `ªe¨mvgMªxi †hvMvb A‡c¶v A‡_©i †hvMvb Kg nq, Gi d‡j `vg¯Íi
µgvMZ I Ae¨vnZfv‡e nªvm †c‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K gy`ªvms‡KvPb e‡j| G Ae¯’vq Drcv`b I Avq nªvm cvq, †eKviZ¡ e„w× cvq Ges mdj
A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ wbgœMvgx nq|
cÖkœ 2| gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †jL| [g. †ev. '23]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZ‡K AwZmn‡R wb‡gœv³ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc Kiv hvq:
P −P
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó (t-Zg) eQ‡ii gy`ªvùxwZi nvi: = t P t−1 × 100
t−1
GLv‡b, P1= t Zg eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi Ges Pt−1 = t − 1 Zg eQ‡ii `vg¯Íi
cÖkœ 3| m~PK msL¨vi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: m~PK msL¨v n‡jv GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨c~Y© co|

m~PK msL¨v = eZ©gvb eQ‡ii × 100

wfwË
g~j¨¯Íi eQ‡ii g~ j ¨¯Í i
m~PK msL¨v `yfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| h_v-
i. †fv³v g~j¨m~PK msL¨v: †fv³v‡`i e¨q m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ mßvn K‡i `vgm~PK wbY©‡qi c×wZ‡K †fv³vi `vgm~PK e‡j|
ii. Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨m~PK msL¨v: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q Drcv`‡Kiv †hme KuvPvgvj I gva¨wgK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zvi cªwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wbw`©ó
`ªe¨¸”Q e¨q eve` †h e¨q K‡i Zv †h wba©vi‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc Kiv nq Zv‡K Drcv`‡Ki g~j¨m~PK e‡j|
cÖkœ 4| A_© mieivn ev †hvMvb e„w× gy`ªvùxwZi g~j KviY- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22;iv. †ev, '23;h. †ev.'23;Kz. †ev. '22, '17; e. †ev. '23]
DËi: miKvi KZ©…K cªPwjZ A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Íi µgvMZ e„w× cvq| Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †h nv‡i A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× cvq, †m
Abycv‡Z `ªe¨ I †mevi mieivn ev‡o bv| d‡j evRv‡i AwaK cwigvY A_© Kg cwigvY `ªe¨ I †mevi wcQ‡b avweZ nq| hv gy`ªvùxwZi g~j
KviY|
cÖkœ 5| AwZwi³ miKvwi e¨q gy`ªvùxwZ NUvi e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '22; h.†ev, '17; w`. †ev.'22; Kz. †ev. '19; g.†ev. '22]
DËi: miKvwi e¨q e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× cvq| gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg KviY miKvwi evq| eZ©gv‡b mKj †`‡ki miKvi wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK
Kv‡ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cªPyi A_© e¨q K‡i| wKš‘ miKvwi e¨q †h nv‡i e„w× cvq ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b| †m nv‡i ev‡o bv| d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœq †`‡k G mgm¨v †ewk nq|
cÖkœ 6| "A‡_©I †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ gy`ªvùxwZi m¤úK© mivmwi"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '22]
DËi: miKvi KZ©…K cªPwjZ A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Íi µgvMZ e„w× cvq| Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †h nv‡i| A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× cvq, †m
Abycv‡Z `ªe¨ I †mevi mieivn ev‡o bv| d‡j evRv‡i AwaK cwigvY A_©, Kg cwigvY `ªe¨ †mevi wcQ‡b avweZ nq hv gy`ªvùxwZi g~j KviY
†iY| m¤úK© mivmwi|" AZGe ejv hvq, A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ gy`ªvùxwZi m¤úK© mivmwi|
cÖkœ 7| Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z e¨q e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv ‡`q- e¨vL¨v Ki [iv. †ev'18; P. †ev. '18; Kz. †ev'18; e. †ev'22,18]
DËi: miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z e¨q e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| mvgvwRK Abyôvb, wkïcvK©, †÷wWqvg BZ¨vw`
†¶‡Î e¨q e„w× †fvM¨c fvM¨c‡Y¨i `vg e„w× K‡i| d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó nq|
cÖkœ 8| D`vi FYbxwZ Kxfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ‡K cªfvweZ K‡i|[h. †ev. '22]
DËi: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki D`vi FYbxwZI †`‡k gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg cªavb KviY| GQvov AcªZ¨vwkZ Riæwi Ae¯’v †gvKvwejv, NvUwZ ev‡RU
c~iY, ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b miKvi Af¨šÍixY I ˆe‡`wkK Dfq Drm †_‡K µgvš^‡q AwaK nv‡i FY MªnY Ki‡Q| Abyrcv`bkxj
Lv‡Z AwaK| Mªn‡Yi d‡jI gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó n‡”Q|
cÖkœ 9| 'cªvK„wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U|' e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '23]
DËi: AwZe„wó, Abve„wó, N~wY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm, f~wgK¤ú cªf„wZ cªvK„wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y wkí I K„wl Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq| d‡j `ª‡e¨i
Drcv`b I †hvMvb nªvm cvq| A‡_©i †hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb nªvm cvIqvi `iæb `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× ‡nZy gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U|
cÖkœ 10| gy`ªvùxwZi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Kx ai‡bi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q? - e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '17]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡j¨i wecixZ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× †c‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Kg `ªe¨mvgMªx
µq Kiv hvq| myZivs, A‡_©i g~j¨ nªvm cvq| Avevi gy`ªvùxwZ nªvm †c‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq †ewk `ªe¨mvgMªx µq Kiv hvq
A_©vr A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq|
cÖkœ 11| ißvwb e„w× Kxfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev'17]
DËi: †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Avg`vwb A‡c¶v Kivwb ivwb †ewk n‡j ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ †_‡K DØ…Ë m„wó nq| evwYR¨ DØ…Z Avby‡li Avq I µq¶gZv
e„w× K‡i| A_©vr gvby‡li Pvwn`v e„w× nq| mvgwMªK †hvMvb w¯’i _vK‡j Pvwnbv e„w×RwbZ G Ae¯’vq mvg Kvi‡Y g~j¨ `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq A_©vr
gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq|
cÖkœ 12| LiP e„w×RwbZ gy`ªv¶xwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Lvivc †Kbv? Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev'17]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv AwZwi³ miKvwi evq| miKvwi evq †h nv‡i ev‡o ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b †m Abycv‡Z ev‡o bv| Gi d‡j
†`‡k gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| e¨vi e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ †`‡ki A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Lvivc KviY G e¨q e„w× Drcv`b e„w× K‡i bv eis gy`ªvùxwZ ˆZwi
K‡i|
cÖkœ 13| miKvwi e¨q e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Íi ev‡o-e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm.‡ev.22]
DËi: miKvwi evq e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× cvq| gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg KviY miKvwi e¨q| eZ©gv‡b mKj †`‡ki miKvi wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cªPyi A_© e¨q K‡i| wKš‘ miKvwi e¨q †h nv‡i e„w× cvq ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b †m nv‡i ev‡o bv| d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡k G mgm¨v †ewk nq|
cÖkœ 14| 'mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZv e„w×i d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev'23]
DËi: mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZvq miKvi `vwe`ªv we‡gvP‡bi j‡¶¨ cªwZeQi e„×, GwmW`» gwnjv, kvixwiK I Am”Qj cªwZeÜx, weaev, ¯^vgx
cwiZv³ `y¯’ gwnjv, `we`ª gv‡qi Rb¨ gvZ„Z¡ fvZv, gyw³‡hv×v cªf„wZ †kªwYi RbMY‡K we‡kl fvZv cª`vb Ki‡Q| Gi dj A‡_©i mieivn e„w×i
gva¨‡g gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
cÖkœ 15| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †fv³v Kxfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í nq? [iv. †ev, '23]
DËi: `vg¯Íi e„w× †c‡j ev gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †µZv I †fv³v ¶wZMª¯Í nq| KviY Zviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq mgcwigvY, A_© Øviv Kg cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMªx
µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †fv³vi ¶wZMª¯Í nq|
cÖkœ 16| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j K„l‡Ki Drcv`‡bi Ici †Kgb cªfve co‡e? [wm. †ev '23]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j K„l‡Ki Drcv`‡bi Ici BwZevPK cªfve c‡o|
`vg¯Íi e„w× d‡j K„wlRxex m¤úª`vq jvfevb nq| KviY Drcv`b e¨q †gvUvgywUfv‡e AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j hw` K„wlRvZ `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ e„w× cvq,
ZLb Zviv jvfevb nq|
cÖkœ 17| mxwgZ Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cªfve Kxiƒc? [w`. †ev'23,16]
DËi: mxwgZ Av‡qi gvby‡li Ici gy`ªvùxwZi †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j wbw`©ó Av‡qi †jv‡Kiv e„w×i `iæb Zv‡`i Rxcb`vZvi
e¨vq e„w× cvq| d‡j wbw`©ó Av‡qi †jvK‡`i cÖK„Z Avq K‡g hvq Ges ZvivI Avw_©K wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb nq| Kviv Zv‡`i Avq Øviv c~e©v‡c¶v
Kg `ªe¨mvgMªx µq Ki‡Z cv‡e| d‡j Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi gvb nªvm cvq| Gfv‡eB gvby‡li Ici gy`ªvùxwZi weiƒc cªfve mxwgZ Av‡qi gvby‡li
Ici gy`ªvùxwZi weiƒc cÖfve c‡o|
cÖkœ 18 | gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j FYMªnxZv Kxfv‡e myweav †fvM K‡i- K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. '23 '22: wm, †ev,'23]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi mgq FYMªnxZv jvfevb nq| `vgcÎ e„w×i d‡j FYMªnxZv‡`i FYfvi nªvm cvq e‡j Zviv jvfevb nq| Z‡e D³ FYMªnxZv
hw` Drcv`bkxj †¶‡Î M„nxZ FY e¨q K‡i Zvn‡j †m AwaK jvfevb n‡e|
cÖkœ 19| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †j FY`vZv Kxfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. '23; Ky. †ev. 19: w`.†ev. '23]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZ FY`vZv ¶wZMª¯Í nq| †Kbbv †m wbw`©ó n‡j| cwigvY A_© Øviv c~e©v‡c¶v Kg cY¨`ªe¨ µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB ejv hvq,
gy`ªvùxwZi Kvi‡Y FY`vZviv ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nq|
cÖkœ 20| gRy``vi I †PvivPvjvb ¶wZKi †Kb? [Xv. †ev. 18: h. †ev. '18: wm. †ev. 18: w`. †ev. 18]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv †PvivKvievwi I gRyZ`vwi| †PvivKvievwiiv AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq †`kxq Drcvw`Z cY¨ †`‡ki evB‡i
cvPvi K‡i `ªe¨mvgMªxi NvUwZ m„wó K‡i| GKBfv‡e gRyZ`viiv A‰eafv‡e `ªe¨mvgMªx gRyZ †gMªxi K‡i evRv‡i K„wÎg msKU m„wó K‡i| Gi
d‡j `ªe¨mvgMªx g~j¨ e„w× cvq Ges †`‡k gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
cÖkœ 21| gy`ªvùxwZ Drcv`bKvixi Rb¨ mydj e‡q Av‡b|Õe¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. 17]
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ Awcªq welq n‡jI Drcv`bKvixi| Rb¨ GwU mydj e‡q Av‡b| gy`ªvùxwZi mgq DcKi‡Yi `vg e„w×i Zyjbvq
Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i `vg A‡bK †ewk e„w× cvq| G‡Z Drcv`b ev‡o, gybvdv, wewb‡qvM I Avq ev‡o| myZivs ejv hvq, gy`ªvùxwZ Drcv`bKvixi
Rb¨ mydj e‡q Av‡b|
cÖkœ 22| gy`ªvùxwZi Ici gy`ªvi †hvMvb e„w×i cªfve eywS‡q †jL| [Ky. †ev '16]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg cªavb KviY n‡jv gy`ªvi †hvMvb e„w×| gy`ªvi †hvMvb evo‡j RbM‡Yi µq¶gZv ev‡o| Gi d‡j mvgwMªK Pvwn`v e„w×
cvq| wKš‘ mvgwMªK Pvwn`vi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L hw` `ªe¨ Drcv`b e„w× bv cvq Z‡e `vg¯Íi ev‡o| Gi d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U| ZvB ejv hvq,
gy`ªvùxwZi Ici gy`ªvi †hvMvb e„w×i cªZ¨¶ cªfve i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ 23| kªwgK‡`i gRywi e„w× †c‡j Kx ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ NU‡e? [P.‡ev.16]
DËi: kªwgK‡`i gRywi e„w× †c‡j gRywi e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ NU‡e| hw` kw³kvjx kªwgK ms‡Ni Pv‡c eva¨ n‡q Zv‡`i Drcv`b ¶gZvi †ewk
gRywi Av`vq Ki‡Z m¶g nq ZLb `ªe¨g~jvI e„w× †c‡q _v‡K| G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U _v‡K| Giƒc gy`ªvùxwZ‡K gRywi e„w×RwbZ
gy`ªvùxwZ ejv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq, kªwgK‡`i gRywi e„w× †c‡j gRywi e„w×RwbZ gy`ªvùxwZ NvU‡e|
cÖkœ 24| gy`ªvùxwZi mg‡q Ki`vZv jvfevb bv ¶wZMª¯Í nb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev'16]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi mg‡q Ki`vZv jvfevb nb| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †`‡ki mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b my`~icªmvix cªfve c‡o| A_©bxwZi wewfbœ
†¶‡Î Ges wewfbœ †kªwY I †ckvi gvby‡li Ici gy`ªvùxwZi e¨vcK cªfve c‡o| gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j Ki`vZv jvfevb nq| †Kbbv, Ki`vZvMY
c~e©v‡c¶v Kg cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMªx weµq K‡i wbw`©ó cwigv‡Y Ki cª`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB gy`ªvùxwZi mg‡q Ki`viv jvfevb nb|
cÖkœ 25| †Kvb gvÎvi gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ fv‡jv? [iv. †ev' 17]
DËi: mnbxq gvÎvi gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ fv‡jv|
A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ me©`v Lvivc dj e‡q Av‡b bv| ¯^í gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| `vg¯Íi mnbxq gvÎvq
evo‡Z _vK‡j gybvdv, wewb‡qvM, Drcv`b I Avq e„w× cvq, wb‡qvM ev‡o d‡j †eKviZ¡ K‡g Kv‡RB mnbxq gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b
BwZevPK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
cÖkœ 26| "gy`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bq"-e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '17: h.†ev. '22| Ky. †ev '22; g. †ev. 23]
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ me©`v Lvivc dj e‡q Av‡b bv| ¯^í gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| `vg¯Íi mnbxq
gvÎvq evo‡Z _vK‡j gybvdv, wewb‡qvM, Drcv`b I Avq e„w× cvq| wb‡qvM ev‡o d‡j †eKviZ¡ K‡g| Kv‡RB mnbxq gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK
Dbœq‡b BwZevPK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
myZivs ejv hvq, gy`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bq|
cÖkœ 27| mnbxq ch©v‡qi gy`ªvùxwZ Kxfv‡e A_©bxwZi Rb¨ mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. '22]
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ me©`v Lvivc dj e‡q Av‡b bv| ¯^í gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| `vg¯Íi mnbxq
gvÎvq evo‡Z _vK‡j gybvdv, wewb‡qvM, Drcv`b I Avq e„w× cvq wb‡qvM ev‡o d‡j †eKviZ¡ K‡g| Kv‡RB mnbxq ch©v‡qi gy`ªvùxwZ Gfv‡e
A_©bxwZi Rb¨ mnvqK|
cÖkœ 28| "gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ nªvm cvq"- e¨vL¨v Ki| [wm. †ev.'22]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ nªvm cvq| wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kqv n‡jv gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× †c‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Kg
`ªe¨mvgMªx µq Kiv hvq| myZivs, A‡_©i g~j¨ nªvm cvq| Avevi gy`ªvùxwZ nªvm †c‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq †ewk `ªe¨mvgMªx µq
Kiv hvq A_©vr A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq|
cÖkœ 29| gRy``vwi ¶wZKi †Kb? [e. †ev. '22]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv I gRyZ`vwi| gRyZ`vwiiv AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq †`kxq Drcvw`Z cY¨ †`‡ki evB‡i cvPvi K‡i `ªe¨mvgMªxi
NvUwZ m„wó K‡i| GKBfv‡e Zviv A‰eafv‡e `ªe¨mvgMªx gRyZ K‡i evRv‡i K„wÎg msKU m„wó K‡i| Gi d‡j `ªe¨mvgMªxi g~j¨ e„w× cvq Ges
†`‡k gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
cÖkœ 30| A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq? [Xv. †ev. 19]
DËi: A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b g„`y I mnbxq gvÎvi gy`ªvùxwZi cª‡qvRb| g„`y I mnbxq gvÎvi gy`ªvùxwZ A_©‰bwZK cªe„w× I Dbœqb Ges Kg©ms¯’vb
m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| Gmgq wewb‡qvMKvixMY AwaK wewb‡qv‡M AvMªnx nb| d‡j †`‡k †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q _v‡K| ZvB
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î g„`y I mnbxq gvÎvq gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó nq|
cÖkœ 31| gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ Avkxe©v` bv Awfkvc? [Xv. †ev. '16]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Avkxe©v` Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Awfkvc| Gi d‡j A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î my`~icªmvix djvdj
†`Lv †`q| `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq, RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w× cvq, kªwgK‡kªwY we‡klfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í nq, mgv‡Ri Avq-eÈb e¨e¯’vq AwaKZi
ˆelg¨ m„wó nq Ges mvgwMªK A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi Kycªfve c‡o| Z‡e gy`ªvùxwZ me©`vB Awfkvc bq| Gi d‡j wewb‡qvMKvixiv Drcv`‡b wewb‡qvM
evov‡Z _v‡K, Drcv`b ev‡o Ges RvZxq Avq e„w× cvq| AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY g‡b K‡ib, AbybœZ †`kmg~‡n g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ Drcv`b I
RvZxq Avq e„w× K‡i A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv iv‡L| GKwU wbw`©ó mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ †i‡L G‡K cª‡qvRbxq gvÎvq e¨envi Ki‡j GwU
Avkxe©v`B nq|
cÖkœ 32| A‡_©i Aeg~j¨vqb gy`ªvùxwZi Ici Kxiƒc cªfve †d‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. '23]
DËi: gy`ªvi Aeg~j¨vqb gy`ªvùxwZi Ici BwZevPK cªfve †d‡j| gy`ªvi Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv n‡j Gi µq¶gZv nªvm cvq| d‡j evRv‡i AwaK
cwigvY A_© Kg cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMªx I †mevi wcQ‡b avweZ nq| hvi d‡j gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq|
cÖkœ 33| 'gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a AvqKi mnvqZv K‡i'- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Ky. †ev. '23]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a AvqKi mnvqZv K‡i| cªMwZkxj nv‡i AvqK‡ii gva¨‡g mvgwMªK Pvwn`v nªvm cvq d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ nªvm cvq| AvqKi
evov‡j gvby‡li e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq K‡g hvq d‡j c~‡e©i †P‡q Kg cwigvY `ªe¨ µq K‡i| A_©vr †fv³vi Pvwn`v nªvm cvq| †fv³vi Pvwn`v nªvm
†c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ nªvm cvq|
cÖkœ 34| gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b Avek¨K- e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. '16]
DËi: gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gy`ªvùxwZi Ab¨Zg cªavb KviY n‡jv A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×| A‡_© i
†hvMvb e„w× †c‡j †jv‡Ki Avq ev‡o, µq¶gZv e„w× cvq| wKš‘ `ªe¨mvgMªxi †hvMvb †mB Abycv‡Z e„w× bv †c‡j ZLb gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q|
G‡¶‡Î A‡_©i †hvMvb nªvm Ki‡j †jv‡Ki Avq Kg‡e, µq¶gZv Kg‡e| hvi d‡j `ªe¨mvgMªxi `vg K‡g hv‡e| A_©vr gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y n‡e|
ZvB ejv hvq, gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b Avek¨K|

weMZ eQ‡I Avmv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

cÖkœ 1  XvKv †evW© 2019.
wb‡¤œv³ wPÎwU jÿ Ki I mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZi m„wó nq?
M. wP‡Î Kx ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki m„ó gy`ªvùxwZ `~ixKi‡Y Kx ai‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv hvq we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 2  ivRkvnx I ewikvj †evW© 2019.
wg. Avigvb ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK| eZ©gv‡b `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cvIqvq Zv‡K msmvi Pvjv‡Z wngwkg †L‡Z n‡”Q| Aciw`‡K Zvi MÖv‡gi K…lK iwngywÏb I
e¨emvqx ZvRyj Avb‡›`B Av‡Q| KviY iwngywÏb †ewk `v‡g dmj wewµ K‡i Gevi †m gnvR‡bi avi ‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ZvB †m bZzb D`¨‡g
AviI †ewk dmj Drcv`‡b AvMÖnx n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ZvRyj †ewk `v‡g cY¨ wewµ K‡i jvfevb n‡”Q Ges Zvi e¨vsK FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Q|
ZvB ejv hvq A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ fv‡jv| Z‡e gy`ªvùxwZ †hb †ewk bv nq Zvi Rb¨ Drcv`b e„w×, A_© I F‡Yi †hvMvb
wbqš¿Y Avek¨K|
K. CIP Gi c~Y©iƒc ‡jL|
L. c‡ivÿ Ki gy`ªvùxwZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ †kÖwYi gvby‡li Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a KiYxmg~n we‡kølY Ki|
 cÖkœ 3  h‡kvi †evW© 2019.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

K. Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨ Kx?

L. ÒcÖvBgvwi †kqv‡i SzuwK KgÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. e¨vsK nvi e„w× I †LvjvevRv‡i FYcÎ weµ‡qi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK G ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK? DÏxcK‡i Av‡jv‡K
e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 4  Kzwgjøv †evW© 2019.

K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. ÒmiKvwi e¨q e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvùxwZ N‡UÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. wP‡Î mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv AS0 ‡_‡K AS1 ‡iLvq ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii m¤¢ve¨ KviYmg~n †jL|
cÖkœ 5  Kzwgjøv †evW© 2019.
Y ‡`‡k 2011 mv‡j †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK wQj 115| 2016 mv‡j †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK e„w× †c‡q 250 nq| †`kwUi miKvi e¨q n«vm, A‡_©i †hvMvb
n«vm, e¨vsK nvi e„w×, bM` Rgvi nvi e„w× Ges Drcv`b e„w×i c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?
L. gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j FY`vZv Kxfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y KZUzKz mdj n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki?
cÖkœ 6 PÆMÖvg †evW© 2019.
Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi miKvi Zv‡`i †`‡ki `ªæZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvbvgyLx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i| hvi g‡a¨ NvUwZ e¨q, Dbœqb Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ AwZwi³ A_© †hvMvb, ˆe‡`wkK FY I mvnvh¨ AMÖMY¨| GQvovI †`‡ki gvbem¤ú` ißvwb Avq A_©vr †iwgU¨vÝ cÖevn †`‡ki A‡_©i
mieivn e„w× K‡i| d‡j †`‡ki evRv‡i `e¨mvgvMÖxi ch©vß †hvMvb _vK‡jI `ªe¨g~j¨ µgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| ZLb mxwgZ Avq Ges wb¤œweË
gvby‡li msmvi Pvjv‡bv KóKi n‡q c‡o| GgZve¯’vq gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i µqÿgZv mvaviY gvby‡li nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ ivLvi Rb¨
miKvi wewfbœ bxwZ MÖnY K‡i|
K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. AwZwi³ miKvwi e¨q gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gy`ªvùxwZi KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 7  wm‡jU †evW© 2019.
2016 mv‡j †Kv‡bv GKwU `ª‡e¨i cÖwZ GK‡Ki `vg wQj 500 UvKv| RbmsL¨v e„w×, µqÿgZv cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y IB `ª‡e¨i `vg 2018 mv‡j †e‡o
nq 800 UvKv|
K. g„`y gy`ªvùxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. FY`vZvi Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †_‡K gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. c~‡e©i 100 UvKvi `ªe¨ wKb‡Z 2018 mv‡j KZ UvKv jvM‡e wbYx©Z gy`ªvùxwZi nv‡ii wfwˇZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 8  w`bvRcyi †evW© 2019.
B ‡`‡ki 2016 mv‡j †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK wQj 150 Ges 2017 mv‡j †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK †e‡o 200 nq| evRv‡i c‡Y¨i `vgI µgvMZ evo‡Z
_v‡K| Gi d‡j Mwie, wb¤œweË I mxwgZ Av‡qi †jvK †fvMvwšÍi wkKvi nq|
K. gy`ªvùwZ Kx?
L. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K B ‡`‡ki 2017 mv‡ji gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Mwie, wb¤œweË I mxwgZ Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve we‡kølY Ki|
 cÖkœ 9  XvKv †evW© 2022.
wgRvb GKRb ¯^í Av‡qi gvbyl| wZwb evRv‡i wM‡q jÿ Ki‡jb, w`b w`b Pvj, Wvj, †Zj, wPwbmn wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i `vg µgvMZ e„w×
cv‡”Q| c‡Y¨i `vg wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨ miKvi c‡Y¨i b~¨bZg `vg wba©viY, Drcv`‡Ki fZzw© K cÖ`vb, b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ †LvjvevRv‡i cY¨ wewµi
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Q|
K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?
L. A_© mieivn e„w× gy`ªvùxwZi g~j KviYÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K c‡Y¨i `vg e„w× A_©bxwZi †h welqwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. evRv‡i c‡Y¨i `vg ¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z DÏxc‡K M„nxZ miKvwi c`‡ÿcmg~n wK h‡_ó? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
cÖkœ 10  XvKv †evW© 2022.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

K. CPI-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?

L. ÒAwZwi³ miKvwi e¨q gy`ªvùxwZ NUvqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. wP‡Î E1 ‡_‡K E2 ‡Z gy`ªvùxwZi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K m„ó gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y miKvi Kx ai‡bi f~wgKv MÖnY Ki‡e? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 11  ivRkvnx ‡evW© 2022.
DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. G.N.P wW‡d¬±i Kx?

L. †Kvb gvÎvi gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi Rb¨ fv‡jv?
M. DwjøwLZ wPÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gy`ªvùxwZ Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kx ai‡bi cÖfve †d‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 12  h‡kvi †evW© 2022.
RvZxq †eZb †¯‹j cwieZ©‡b A ‡`‡ki 2020 mv‡ji †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK n‡jv 118| GB Ae¯’vq †`kwU‡K †fv³v, FY`vZv I kÖwgK‡kÖwYi
ÿwZMÖ¯Í nIqvi cÖeYZv jÿ Kiv †Mj| Ab¨w`‡K e¨emvqx, †PvivKvievwi, FYMÖnxZv I Ki`vZv jvfevb n‡jv| D‡jøL¨, A ‡`‡k 2015 mv‡j
†fv³vi g~j¨m~PK wQj 100|
K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?
L. ÒA‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ gy`ªvùxwZi m¤úK© mivmwiÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK n‡Z A ‡`‡ki gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨w³eM© Kxfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í I jvfevb n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 13  h‡kvi †evW© 2022.
iwdK mv‡ne A_©bxwZ K¬v‡m QvÎQvÎx‡`i gy`ªvùxwZ cov‡Z wM‡q e‡jb †h, GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Avw_©K bxwZ h_vÑ
e¨vsK nvi, bM` wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ Ges †LvjvevRvi bxwZ †hgb Kvh©Ki f~wgKv iv‡L, †Zgwbfv‡e miKv‡ii ivR¯^bxwZ h_vÑ miKvwi e¨q, Ki
Ges miKvwi FYI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
K. gy`ªvùxwZ nvi Kx?
L. D`vi FYbxwZ Kxfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
M. gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Avw_©K bxwZi nvwZqvi¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ miKv‡ii ivR¯^bxwZ¸‡jv Kxfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 14  ewikvj †evW© 2022.
wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. CPI- Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?

L. A_© mieivn e„w× gy`ªvùxwZi g~j KviYÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K †Q`we›`y E1 ‡_‡K E2 ‡Z cwieZ©‡bi KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K m„ó gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y miKvi Kx f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
 cÖkœ 15  Kzwgjøv †evW© 2022.
X ‡`‡ki wfwË eQi I eZ©gv‡b eQ‡ii `ywU †fvM¨c‡Y¨i cwigvY, `vgI e¨‡qi cwigvY wb¤œiƒcÑ
wfwË eQi eZ©gvb eQi
‡fvM¨ cY¨ cwigvY (Q0) ‡KwR/wjUvi
`vg (P0) UvKv e¨q (P0Q0) UvKv `vg (Pn) UvKv e¨q (PnQ0) UvKv
Pvj 40 40 1600 60 2400
†Zj 5 80 400 120 600
`ªe¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj ivLvi ¯^v‡_© miKvi e¨vsK nvi e„w×, A‡_©i ‡hvMvb n«vm, miKvwi e¨q n«vm, Drcv`b e„w× I c‡ivÿ K‡ii nvi Kwg‡q †`q|
K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?
L. Ògy`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. miKvi KZ…K © M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y KZUzKz f~wgKv ivL‡e DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 16  PÆMÖvg †evW© 2022.
wg. X Gi ‡`‡k miKvi †gMv cÖKí MÖnY, miKvwi e¨q e„w× BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g RvZxq gv_vwcQz Av‡qi e„w× NUvq dj¯^iƒc mvgwMÖK Pvwn`vi e„w×
I gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U| wg. Y Gi †`‡k cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, gnvgvwi, DcKiY msKU BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y mvgwMÖK †hvMvb n«vm cvq I gy`ªvùxwZ N‡U|
K. CPI- Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
L. gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j FYMÖnxZv Kxfv‡e myweav †fvM K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. X I Y Gi †`‡ki gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfv‡ei Zzjbv Ki|
N. gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y miKvwi c`‡ÿc †Kvb †`‡k †ewk Kvh©Ki Ges †Kb? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 17  wm‡jU †evW© 2022.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?

L. miKvwi Avq e„w×i d‡j `vg¯Íi ev‡oÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ gy`ªvùxwZi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 18  wm‡jU †evW© 2022.
A ‡`‡ki 2018 mv‡j †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK wQj 160| 2020 mv‡j H †`‡ki †fv³vi g~j¨m~PK †e‡o 180 nq| Gi d‡j Drcv`bKvixiv jvfevb
n‡jI Mwie I mxwgZ Av‡qi †jvK †fvMvwšÍi wkKvi nq|
K. gy`ªv ms‡KvPb Kx?
L. Ògy`ªvùxwZi d‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. A ‡`‡ki 2020 mv‡ji gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`bKvix Ges Mwie I mxwgZ Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 19  ewikvj †evW© 2022.
wb¤œ Av‡qi PvKwiRxex Amxg evRv‡i wM‡q wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i `vg e„w× †`‡L wPwšÍZ n‡q co‡jb| cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡bK wKQzB †Kbv Zvi Rb¨
m¤¢e n‡jv bv| Ab¨w`‡K, Zvi cÖwZ‡ewk mwjg wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z Pvl K‡ib| `ªe¨g~j¨ e„wׇZ wZwb ZZ wPwšÍZ bb|
K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. gRy``vwi ÿwZKi †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi ‡Kvb welq‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. mwjg `vg e„wׇZ ZZ wPwšÍZ bb †Kb? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 20  ewikvj †evW© 2022.
wPÎwU jÿ KiÑ

K. Djøçb gy`ªvùxwZ Kx?

L. ÒAbyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z e¨q e„w× evsjv‡`‡k gy`ªvùxwZ NUvqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. wP‡Î Kx ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a Kx Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? gZvgZ `vI|
 cÖkœ 21  w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022.
`ªe¨ cwigvY (Q0) wfwË eQi `vg (P0) eZ©gvb eQi `vg (Pn)
X 5 20 40
Y 5 30 60
K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. mnbxq ch©v‡qi gy`ªvùxwZ Kxfv‡e A_©bxwZi Rb¨ mnvqK?
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ ‡fv³vi `vg m~PK wbY©q Ki|
N. cÖvß djvdj †_‡K `vg¯Í‡ii e„w× RbRxe‡b Kx cÖfve †dj‡e e‡j Zywg g‡b Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 22  w`bvRcyi †evW© 2022.

K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?

L. gy`ªvùxwZ NUvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ miKvwi e¨q KZLvwb `vqx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gy`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K `vg¯Íi 20 †_‡K 25 nIqvi KviY I cÖwZKvi D‡jøL Ki|
cÖkœ 23  gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI

wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y miKvi e¨vsK nvi, bM` wiRvf© AbycvZ, miKvwi e¨q I Kinvi cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
K. m~PK msL¨v Kx?
L. Ògy`ªvùxwZ me©`v Lvivc bqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ miKv‡ii c`‡ÿc¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 24  gqgbwmsn †evW© 2022.
A ‡`‡ki `vg¯Íi µgvMZ evo‡Q| †`kwU‡Z 2019 I 2020 mv‡ji †fv³vi `vg m~PK h_vµ‡g 125 I 150| dj¯^iƒc †`kwUi K…lK, mxwgZ
Av‡qi RbMY, Drcv`K, e¨emvqx, FY`vZv I FYMÖnxZvi Ici wewfbœ cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq|
K. †fv³vi `vg m~PK Kx?
L. miKvwi e¨q Kxfv‡e gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A ‡`‡ki gy`ªvùxwZi nvi cwigvc Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z e¨w³i Ici gy`ªvùxwZi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 25  XvKv †evW© 2023.
'X' †`‡k 2018 I 2022 mv‡j wewfbœ †fvM¨ `ª‡e¨i `vg Ges cwigv‡Yi ZvwjKv wb‡P cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
2018 2022
†fvM¨ `ª‡e¨i bvg cwigvY (‡KwR / wjUvi) `vg (UvKv) `vg (UvKv)
Pvj 30 50 60
jeY 2 25 30
Avjy 10 20 30
‡Zj 5 100 180
D³ †`‡ki miKvi `ªæZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †`wk-we‡`wk FY wb‡q wewfbœ Dbœqbg‚jK Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| GQvovI K‡ivbvKvjxb ¯’weiZv
KvwU‡q DV‡Z mz‡`i nvi nªvmmn Drcv`bKvix‡`i| wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡Yv`bv c¨v‡KR mzweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
K. gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. A‡_©i Aeg‚j¨vqb gz`ªvùxwZi Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve †d‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. cÖ`Ë †Uwej †_‡K †fv³vi `vg m‚P‡Ki gva¨‡g 'X' †`‡ki gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ miKv‡ii c`‡¶c¸‡jv 'X' †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Kxiƒc cÖfve †dj‡e? gZvgZ `vI|
 cÖkœ 26  ivRkvnx †evW© 2023.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j †fv³v Kxfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq?
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y e¨vsK nvi e„w× Ki‡j †Kvb ai‡bi djvdj cvIqv hv‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 27  ivRkvnx †evW© 2023.
"X' †`‡k 2020 mv‡j †fv³vi g‚j¨ m‚PK wQj 160, hv 2022 mv‡j †e‡o 200 nq| m¤cÖwZ wek¦ cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y KuvPvgv‡ji g‚j¨ e„w× Ges
ˆe‡`wkK gz`ªvi msK‡Ui d‡j `vg¯Íi µgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q|
K. m‚PK msL¨v Kx?
L. A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×i Kvi‡Y Kxfv‡e gz`ªvùxwZ m„wó nq?
M . DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 'X' †`‡ki gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. 'DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvq †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki|
cÖkœ 28  h‡kvi †evW© 2023.
wb‡Pi Z_¨ †_‡K mswkøó cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:
wfwË eQi: 2020 PjwZ eQi: 2021
`ªe¨ cwigvY (GKK) `vg (cÖwZ GKK) `vg (cÖwZ GKK)
X₁ 40 60 70
X2 15 30 40
X3 3 35 50
X4 7 110 145
K. gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. Kxfv‡e A‡_©i †hvMvb gz`ªvùxwZ m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI|
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †fv³vi `vg m‚PK (CPI) wbY©q Ki|
N. ¯^í Av‡qi gvbz‡li Ici gz`ªvùxwZi cÖfve we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 29  h‡kvi †evW© 2023.
wP‡Î Qf = c~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi Drcv`b
wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki:
D1 = cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v †iLv
D2 = cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`v †iLv
S = †hvMvb †iLv

K. Pvwn`v e„w×RwbZ gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?

L. gz`ªvùxwZ n‡j FY`vZv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq †Kb?
M. wP‡Î Kx ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K m„ó gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y Avw_©K bxwZi f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
cÖkœ 30  Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023.
'X' †`‡k 2018 mv‡j Pvj, Avjz, jeY, †Zj-Gi †KwR cÖwZ `vg wQj h_vµ‡g- 40, 15, 10, 100 UvKv| 2020 mv‡j hvi `vg `uvovq
h_vµ‡g 45, 20, 15, 150 UvKv| `vg evovq miKvi e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b, bM` wiRv‡f©i Abzcv‡Zi cwieZ©bmn FY wbqš¿‡Yi g‡Zv c`‡¶c
MÖnY K‡ib|
K. A‡_©i g‚j¨ Kx?
L. 'cÖvK…wZK `z‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y gz`ªvùxwZ N‡U|' e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK †_‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y DÏxc‡K M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci h_v_©Zv g‚j¨vqb Ki|
cÖkœ 31  PÆMÖvg †evW© 2023.
BD‡µb I ivwkqvi ga¨Kvi hz‡×i d‡j wek¦e¨vcx †fvR¨ †Zjmn wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i `vg wbqš¿Ynxbfv‡e e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Giƒc `vg¯Íi e„w×i
d‡j wbw`©ó Avq I wb¤œ Av‡qi †jvKRb Zv‡`i µq¶gZv nviv‡”Q| G Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ †`kwU `zwU nvwZqvi e¨envi K‡i|
K. †fv³vi g‚j¨ m‚PK Kx?
L. 'gz`ªvùxwZi mgq FYMÖnxZv jvfevb nq'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K hz‡×i d‡j m„ó welqwUi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K m„ó Ae¯’v wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
 cÖkœ 32  Kzwgjøv †evW© 2023.

K. miKvwi Avq Kv‡K e‡j?

L. 'gz`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a AvqKi mnvqZv K‡i'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv ¯’všÍwiZ n‡q hw` `vg¯Íi 20 nq Z‡e Zv †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K we`¨gvb gz`ªvùxwZ GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx Kx cÖfve †d‡j? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 33  PÆMÖvg †evW© 2023.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. e¨vsK nvi Kx?

L. 'gz`ªvms‡KvPb n‡jv gz`ªvùxwZi wecixZ aviYv'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. a we›`z n‡Z b we›`z‡Z `vg¯Íi ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j mxwgZ Av‡qi †jvK, K…wlRxex, kªwgK †kªwY, FY`vZv I FYMÖnxZvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e?
we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 34  wm‡jU †evW© 2023.
m¤cÖwZ ivwkqv I BD‡µb hz‡×i cÖfv‡e wek¦ evwYR¨ evavMÖ¯Í nq Ges R¡vjvwb †Zjmn AwaKvsk Lv`¨ c‡Y¨i †hvMvb NvUwZ †`Lv †`q| Gi
cÖfv‡e 'D' †`‡ki Lv`¨ I †fvM¨ c‡Y¨i `vg µgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| `ªe¨g‚‡j¨i GB DaŸ©MwZ wbqš¿‡Y 'D' †`‡ki miKvi Zvi mKj ai‡bi
e¨q Kgv‡bvi wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Q|
K. gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j K…l‡Ki Drcv`‡bi Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e?
M. DÏxc‡K 'D' †`‡k †h ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxcK Abzhvqx 'D' †`‡ki miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡¶c gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 35  wm‡jU †evW© 2023.
DÏxcKwU j¶ Ki I DËi `vI:

K. †fv³vi `vg m‚P‡Ki (CPI) m‚ÎwU †jL|

L. GKRb FYMÖnxZvi Ici gz`ªvùxwZi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi wZbwU KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki M„nxZ e¨e¯’v Kx n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 36  ewikvj †evW© 2023.
wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi `vI :
AD = mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v
AS = mvgwMÖK †hvMvb

K. m‚PK msL¨v Kx?

L. 'A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× gz`ªvùxwZi Rb¨ `vqx'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. wP‡Î mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv AD1 n‡Z AD2 †Z ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii m¤¢ve¨ KviYmg‚n we‡kølY Ki|
 cÖkœ 37  ewikvj †evW© 2023.
GKwU †`‡ki 2014 Ges 2015 mv‡ji wewfbœ †fvM¨ `ª‡e¨i `vg I cwigv‡Yi ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒc-
2014 mvj 2015 mvj
‡fvM¨`ªe¨ GKKcÖwZ `vg (UvKv) cwigvY (‡KwR) GKKcÖwZ `vg (UvKv)
Pvj 40 60 50
Wvj 80 15 100
AvUv 30 60 45
‡Zj 80 10 100
jeY 25 6 30
‡`kwUi mswkøó KZ©„c¶ `ªe¨g‚j¨ wbqš¿‡Y e¨vsK nvi I bM` Rgvi AbzcvZ e„w× K‡i Ges miKvwi e¨q nªvm K‡i|
K. gz`ªv ms‡KvPb Kx?
L. 'mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZv e„w×i d‡j gz`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`kwUi †fv³vi g‚j¨m‚PK wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ nvwZqvi¸‡jv `ªe¨g‚j¨ wbqš¿‡Y Kxfv‡e f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 38  w`bvRcyi †evW© 2023.

K. m‚PK msL¨v Kx?

L. gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j FY`vZv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ gz`ªvùxwZi wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq eY©bv Ki|
cÖkœ 39  w`bvRcyi †evW© 2023.
'X' †`‡ki 2021 I 2022 mv‡ji wewfbœ †fvM¨c‡Y¨i `vg Ges cwigvY wb¤œiƒc-
2021 2022
‡fvM¨ `ªe¨ cwigvY (‡KwR) `vg (UvKvq) `vg (UvKvq)
Pvj 20 50 60
Mg 15 40 50
wPwb 10 60 80
‡`kwUi miKvi `ªe¨g‚j¨ w¯’wZkxj ivL‡Z cÖZ¨¶ K‡ii nvi I e¨vsK nvi e„w× Ges A‡_©i †hvMvb nªvm K‡i|
K. e¨vsK nvi Kx?
L. mxwgZ Av‡qi †jv‡Ki Ici gz`ªvùxwZi cÖfve Kxiƒc?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 'X' †`‡ki gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©q Ki|
N. gz`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y miKvi M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv h‡_ó wK?
cÖkœ 40  gqgbwmsn †evW© 2023.

K. gz`ªvùxwZ Kx?
L. gz`ªvùxwZi nvi wbY©‡qi m‚ÎwU †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi gz`ªvùxwZ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ gz`ªvùxwZi d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb I wewb‡qv‡Mi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki|
cÖkœ 41  gqgbwmsn †evW© 2023.
GKwU †`‡ki 2020 I 2022 mv‡ji †fvM¨ c‡Y¨i cwigvY I `vg wb¤œiƒc:
‡fvM¨ cY¨ 2020 mv‡ji cwigvY 2020 mv‡ji g‚j¨ 2022 mv‡ji g‚j¨
A 100 60 70
B 5 140 180
C 10 80 100
D 5 15 25
cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y †`kwUi miKvi Avw_©K bxwZi AvIZvq wewfbœ c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
K. m‚PK msL¨v Kx?
L. 'gz`ªvùxwZ memgq Lvivc bq'- e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fv³vi g‚j¨ m‚PK (CPI) wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg‚n we‡kølY Ki|