GENERAL and SPECIAL ETHICS
ETHICS TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
- derived from the Greek word, 1) GENERAL ETHICS
ethos, which means characteristic - the study of the general principle
way of acting and ethikos, which s of morality
means customary 2) SPECIAL ETHICS
- the science of the morality - the study of the application of th
of human acts e general principles of morality; incl
- the study of uded in this divisions the category
the human motivation, of professional ethics
and ultimately of human
rational behavior PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which
MORALITY every profession must subscribe
- the quality which makes an act go - guides the professional where the
od or law is silent or inadequate
bad, good or evil, right or wrong
POLICE ETHICS
MORAL DISTINCTIONS - an example of professional ethics
1) moral - good, right - a practical science that treats
2) immoral - bad, wrong the principle of human
3) amoral - neither good nor bad morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement
HUMAN ACTS
- acts that are done knowingly, VALUES
deliberately and freely - anything that a person considers
important in life, such as material
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS things, ideas and experiences
1) KNOWINGLY
- when the person fully understand KINDS OF VALUES
s what he is doing and has the abili 1) BIOLOGICAL VALUES
ty to appreciatethe consequences o - those that are necessary for
f his actions survival, such as food, shelter,
2) DELIBERATELY clothing, sex, water, sleep- include
- when the person did his actions in the physiological needs of man as
tentionally man
3) FREELY 2) PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
- when the person performed his ac - those are that are necessary for
tions voluntarily emotional fulfillment of man, such
as relationships, companionship, Values is all about the Level of
family, friendships, and love importance.
3) INTELLECTUAL VALUES
What it does?
- those that are necessary for the
intellectual fulfillment of man, such Ethics Constrains
as achievements, career, success Values Motivates
4) MORAL VALUES
VIRTUE
- those that are necessary for the
- a habit that inclines the person
spiritual fulfillment of man
to act in a way that harmonizes
with his nature
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
- the habit of doing good
Meaning - the opposite is vice, the habit
Ethics refers to the guidelines for of doing bad
conduct, that address question
about morality. FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL
Values is defined as the principles VIRTUES
and ideals, that helps them in 1) PRUDENCE
making judgement of what is more - the ability to
important. govern and discipline oneself
by means of reason and sound
What are they?
judgment
Ethics is a System of moral
- the virtue that attracts
principles.
the intellect to choose the
Values is a Stimuli for thinking.
most effective means for
Consistency accomplishing what is morally good
Ethics is Uniform. and avoiding what is evil
Values Differs from person to 2) TEMPERANCE
person - one’s ability to moderate or avoid
something
Tells
- the virtue that regulates
Ethics refers to “What is morally
the carnal
correct or incorrect, in the given
appetite for sensual pleasures
situation.”
3) FORTITUDE
Values refers to “What we want to
- firmness of mind
do or achieve.”
-
Determines the courage to endure without yield
Ethics is the Extent of rightness or ing
wrongness of our options. - the virtue that incites courage
a) PATIENCE – calmness and supreme, inherent and inalienable
composure in enduring situations rights to life, dignity and to self-
b) PERSEVERANCE – the ability to development
go on despite the obstacles
c) ENDURANCE – the ability to last supreme rights = highest
form of rights
4) JUSTICE inherent rights = rights
- the virtue that inclines the will attached to men as human
to give to each one of his rights inalienable rights = rights
that cannot be transferred,
cannot be borrowed and
cannot be taken away
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
1) COMMUTATIVE
- virtue that regulates those actions BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
that involve the rights that exist 1) RIGHT TO LIFE
between one and another Exceptions:
2) DISTRIBUTIVE - self-defense
- Regulates those actions - death under exceptional
that involve the rights circumstances
than an individual may claim - death penalty
from society
3) LEGAL 2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY
- virtue that regulates those actions Exceptions:
which society may justly - for reasons of public health and
require of the individual for the public safety
common good - penalty for commission of a crime
- circumstances of warrantless
RIGHT arrests
- anything that is owed or due- som
ething 3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
to which a person has a just and la Exceptions:
wful claim- anything that a person -circumstances of warrantless
can lawfully demand - search by virtue of court order
HUMAN RIGHTS BILL OF RIGHTS
- rights pertaining to the rights of - a list of individual liberties,
man- rights inherent to man by virt freedom and rights
ue of being a human being- are the which are guaranteed
and protected under Article III of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution
- protection of individuals against a
buses of the state
- protection of the rights of
an accused
DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or t
o omit- - a moral obligation
incumbent upon a person of doing,
omitting or avoiding
- for every right, there is a correspo
nding duty.