Engine Thermal Performance and Elasticity Calculations
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ScribdTranslationsEngine Thermal Performance and Elasticity Calculations
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ScribdTranslationsA motor consumes a mass of fuel capable of generating an amount of heat.
equal to 800,000 kJ.
The useful work is equal to 260,000 kJ. Calculate:
Amount of heat lost.
Thermal performance as a fraction and as a percentage.
SOLUTION:
Lost heat Qp:
Qp = Qt - Qu
Qp = 800,000 kJ - 260,000 kJ = 540,000 kJ
Performance:
η= _ Qu__
Qt
η = 260,000 KJ = 0.325
800,000
η = 0.325 . 100 = 32.5
Calculate the elasticity coefficient of an engine that generates a power of 110 horsepower at
3,900 rpm and develops a torque of 25 kgf m at 1,800 rpm.
SOLUTION:
Power and torque in units
110 CV . 0.736kW . 1000W = 80,960 W 25 kgf m . 9.8 N = 245 Nm
1 CV 1 kW 1
For corresponding maximum power:
P=M.n. 80960W .9, 55 = 198.25 Nm
9.55 3,900
The elasticity with respect to the pair is:
ηM = 245 Nm = 1.24
198.25 Nm
The elasticity coefficient with respect to the regime is:
3,900 rpm = 2.17
1 800 rpm
The total elasticity coefficient is:
ηE = ηM . ηn ηE = 1.24 . 2.17 = 2.69
Which of the following engines has greater elasticity?
126 hp at 3,600 rpm and 300 Nm at 2,000 rpm
120 hp at 4,000 rpm and 270 Nm at 2,000 rpm
Motor B is more elastic. 2.56 > 2.2
Because Motor A =
P = 126 CV at 3600 RPM
M= 3200 Nm at 2000 RPM
126 CV . 0.736 Kw . 1000 W = 92.736 W
1 CV 1Kw
M = 92.736 W . 9.55 = 246 Nm
3600
ηM = 300 Nm / 246 Nm = 1.22
ηn = 3.600 Rpm / 2.000 Nm = 1.8
ηE = 1.22 . 1.8 = 2.2
Because Motor B =
P= 120 CV at 4000 RPM
M = 270 Nm at 2000 RPM
120 CV . 0.736 kW . 1000 W = 88.320 W
1 CV 1 kW
M = 88.320 W . 9.55 = 210.86 Nm
4000
ηM = 1.28
ηn = 4.000 Rpm / 2.000 Nm = 2
ηE = 1.28 . 2 = 2.56
4. Among Otto and diesel engines of the same displacement, which one corresponds to greater torque?
motor? .Y major
power? Explain the answer.
SOLUTION: The higher torque corresponds to the diesel engine. According to the torque formula,
M = F . r, in diesel engines the force acting on the piston head is greater,
being higher the compression ratio. Additionally, the turning radius is also greater, because
they tend to be elongated engines, unlike gasoline ones, which are normally
square or super square engines. The power will be greater in the Otto engine. According to the
power formula, P = M . n, and although the torque is lower in otto engines, the
the maximum number of revolutions they can reach is very high, as they perform
shorter races and the piston has to overcome less resistance in time
compression.
5··Represent in a table the sequence of times corresponding to a 3 motor
cylinders with order
of ignition 1-2-3, if cylinder number 2 performs the exhaust stroke in the first half
return.
1 A C T E A
2 E A C T
3 C T E A C
What times are produced in the rest of the cylinders in the following cases?
A 4-cylinder inline engine with a firing order of 1–2–4–3, if number 1 is
in compression.
1 C T E A
2 A C T E
3 T E A C
4 E A C T
–A horizontally opposed 4-cylinder engine with a firing order of 1–4–3–2, if
the number 3 makes admission
1 T E A C
2 E A C T
3 A C T E
4 C T E A
The ambient temperature in January at 7 in the morning is -15 °C, and in the month of
July at the same time is 20 °C. The thermal efficiency of an engine will be the same in the
two cases?
SOLUTION:
No, because the higher the outside temperature, the greater the performance must be.
thermal since there is less difference between the inside and the outside of the engine having
taking this into account, we can say that in the month of July the performance is greater with
regarding January.
8. Of the following factors, indicate how each one influences performance.
volumetric
Outside temperature.----------------- > In reverse
Atmospheric pressure. -------------------> Directly
Density of the mixture. ----------------> Directly
–Use of turbos. ---------------------->Directly
Does the sprint winner in a bike race develop a lot of power or a lot of torque?
Who is the winner in the mountain stages: the one who develops a lot of power or
a lot for? Reason the answers.
What relationship exists between the power and the specific consumption of the engine?
11. Two vehicles manage to reach the same power at 4,000 and 6,000 rpm. The first
get a pair of
330 Nm at 2,000 rpm and the second 220 Nm at 4,000 rpm. Which of the two engines is more powerful?
elastic?
After a breakdown, it was necessary to recondition an engine and the following were done:
repairs
Plan the cylinder head by reducing it by 0.25 mm.
After checking the ovality of the cylinders, it was necessary to regrind them.
making the diameter
greater in a measure of 0.20 mm and placing the corresponding pistons on top
measurement.
How does this influence the displacement? The volume of the combustion chamber increases.
or decreases?
Will the compression ratio change? If so, indicate why.
If by mistake we install a head gasket with a thickness greater than the original, how
would this influence over
the compression ratio?
13··An engine has the following characteristics: 4 cylinders, diameter 81 mm, stroke
95.5 mm and volume
from the compression chamber 27.88 cm3. With this data, calculate:
a) Displacement per cylinder.
b) Total displacement.
c) Compression ratio.
Power in horsepower and kilowatts at 2,000 rpm, if the torque at this speed is 23.5
kpm.
A vehicle has a 4-cylinder engine, with a diameter of 82 mm and a
85.3 mm race.
Calculate the unit and total displacement, knowing that the maximum power is 100 HP at 5,500.
rpm, and the maximum
for 23.5 kpm at 2,000 rpm. Also calculate the coefficient of elasticity.
15··Represent in a table the different times that correspond to each one of the
cylinders if we have
from the following data:
3-cylinder inline engine with firing order 1-3-2, if number 2 is in
escape in the first
half turn.
6-cylinder V engine with firing order 1–3–6–5–4–2, if number 3 does
admission in the
second half turn.